Rydberg atomic frequency hopping communication system and method based on quantum encryption

Abstract

The invention discloses a Rydberg atomic frequency hopping communication system and method based on quantum encryption. The system comprises a sending end and a receiving end. The transmitting end comprises a signal source, a modulator, a frequency mixer, an agile signal generator, a quantum password storage and management device and a quantum true random number generator which are connected in sequence; the frequency mixer is connected with a double-ridge horn antenna; a quantum true random number generator is adopted to replace a pseudo random number generator to generate a true random number sequence to perform frequency hopping communication, the predictability of the frequency hopping sequence is eliminated, confidential frequency hopping communication is realized, and the communication concealment is remarkably improved; meanwhile, keys are distributed in a classical channel by combining a quantum cryptography storage and manager, quantum attack resistance can be realized without establishing a quantum channel, and high-confidentiality and high-reliability frequency hopping communication is realized. The technical problem that a traditional frequency hopping communication system usually depends on a frequency hopping sequence generated by a pseudo-random number generator and can be predicted, so that the safety is reduced is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of space communication and relates to the Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication system, specifically a Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication system and method based on quantum encryption. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing public concern about information transmission security and privacy protection, communication systems not only need to meet the basic requirements of high efficiency and reliability, but also face growing spectrum demands and increasingly complex network attack threats. These challenges force researchers to continuously seek new technological means to improve the communication security of communication systems.

[0003] Traditional frequency-hopping communication systems (FHSS) rely on pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) to produce frequency-hopping sequences. However, PRNG sequences are predictable, leading to insufficient security, especially under the threat of quantum computing. Existing systems often require frequency conversion equipment to handle multi-band signals, resulting in complex hardware, high costs, and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. In recent years, Rydberg atomic receivers have attracted considerable attention due to their ultra-wideband (DC-THz), high sensitivity, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Utilizing small-sized atomic vapor cells can achieve higher data transmission rates than conventional antennas of equivalent size. Wideband communication technology effectively utilizes frequency resources by transmitting information simultaneously on multiple frequency points, improving the anti-interference capability and transmission efficiency of communication. This technology not only reduces the risk of signal congestion on a single frequency point but also enhances the stealth of communication through frequency hopping and signal obfuscation, making information transmission more secure and reliable. Therefore, frequency-hopping communication technology has broad application prospects in satellite communication, significantly improving the efficiency and security of communication systems. Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) communication systems enhance communication security and anti-interference capabilities by rapidly switching carrier frequencies. Traditional FHSS systems typically rely on pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) to generate frequency-hopping sequences. However, the difference between pseudo-random signals and random signals lies in their nature: random signals are unpredictable; their future values ​​can only be described statistically. Pseudo-random sequences, on the other hand, are not inherently random but rather deterministic periodic signals known to both the sender and receiver. With the development of quantum computing technology, sequences generated by PRNGs may become predictable, leading to reduced security.

[0004] Given the aforementioned technical challenges, there is an urgent need to develop a Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication system based on quantum encryption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication system and method based on quantum encryption, thereby solving the technical problem that traditional frequency hopping communication systems typically rely on pseudo-random number generators to generate frequency hopping sequences, which can be predicted and thus reduce security.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication system based on quantum encryption includes a transmitter and a receiver; the transmitter includes a signal source, a modulator, a mixer, a fast signal generator, a quantum cryptography storage and manager, and a quantum true random number generator connected in sequence; the mixer is connected to a double-ridge horn antenna; It also includes a post-quantum cryptography manager and a spectrum analyzer; the post-quantum cryptography manager is connected to the quantum cryptography storage and manager; The signal source is used to generate the signal to be transmitted; the modulator is used to modulate the signal to be transmitted to obtain the modulated signal to be transmitted; the agile signal generator is used to generate a frequency hopping carrier sequence. The quantum random number generator is used to generate quantum random sequences and save the generated quantum random sequences to a quantum cryptography storage and manager. The quantum cryptography storage and manager is used to copy the stored quantum random sequences, one path of which is used to control a fast signal generator to generate a frequency hopping carrier sequence, and the other path passes through a post-quantum cryptography manager and a spectrum analyzer. The spectrum analyzer first verifies the randomness of the sequence before sending it to the post-quantum cryptography manager, which uses the verified quantum random sequence as a key to encrypt the signal to be transmitted. The mixer is used to mix the modulated signal to be transmitted with the frequency hopping carrier sequence, and to transmit the mixed signal to the receiving end through a wideband double-ridge horn antenna. The receiving end includes a probe optical system. A first optical mirror is arranged on the output optical path of the probe optical system. A room-temperature cesium atom gas cell and a second optical mirror are arranged sequentially on the reflected optical path of the first optical mirror. A pump optical system is arranged on the reflected optical path of the second optical mirror. A signal detector is arranged on the refracted optical path of the second optical mirror. The signal detector is connected to the spectrum analyzer. The transmitter of the horn antenna faces the side of the room-temperature cesium atom gas chamber, which is used to receive the mixed signal.

[0007] This invention also includes the following technical features: The first optical mirror is a mirror with total internal reflection at 852nm and total transmission at 509nm.

[0008] The second optical mirror is a mirror with total internal reflection at 509nm and total transmission at 852nm.

[0009] A quantum-encrypted Rydberg atom frequency-hopping communication method, based on the quantum-encrypted Rydberg atom frequency-hopping communication system, includes the following steps: Step 1: The receiving end uses the PQC algorithm to generate a public-private key pair, which includes a public key PK and a private key SK; and shares the public key PK with the sending end through public channels. Step 2: The sending end obtains the public key PK from the receiving end and inputs it into the pML-KEM.Encapsulate algorithm to generate a shared key K and ciphertext C; the shared key K is retained, and the ciphertext C is sent to the receiving end; Step 3: The receiving end inputs the private key SK and ciphertext C into the ML-KEM.Decapsulate algorithm for decapsulation to obtain the shared key K; Step 4: The sending end uses a quantum true random number generator to generate a new random key M; the random key M and the shared key K are input into the AES-256-GCM algorithm to generate ciphertext CT, and the ciphertext CT is sent to the receiving end; Step 5: The receiving end uses the shared key K to decapsulate the ciphertext CT to obtain the symmetric key M, and then uses the symmetric key M to decrypt it.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this invention are: (I) This invention uses a quantum true random number generator to replace a pseudo random number generator to generate true random number sequences for frequency hopping communication, eliminating the predictability of frequency hopping sequences, realizing secure frequency hopping communication, and significantly improving communication concealment; at the same time, by combining quantum cryptography storage and manager to distribute keys on classical channels, it can achieve resistance to quantum attacks without establishing a quantum channel, realizing highly secure and highly reliable frequency hopping communication, and solving the technical problem that traditional frequency hopping communication systems usually rely on pseudo random number generators to generate frequency hopping sequences that can be predicted, leading to reduced security.

[0011] (II) The receiver in this invention can directly cover DC–THz without the need for multiple antennas or frequency conversion, which greatly simplifies the system; the wideband double-ridge horn antenna can achieve efficient coverage of tens of GHz; at the same time, it supports multi-level parallel detection, which improves spectrum utilization and anti-interference capability. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication principle based on quantum encryption, as described in this invention. Figure 2 This is a diagram of atomic energy level transitions in frequency-hopping communication. Figure 3 A flowchart of a Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication method based on quantum encryption; Figure 4 This is a demonstration diagram of frequency hopping communication signal transmission according to the present invention.

[0013] The labels in the diagram represent the following: 1-Signal source; 2-Modulator; 3-Mixer; 4-Quantum true random number generator; 5-Quantum cryptography storage and manager; 6-Agile signal generator; 7-Double-ridge horn antenna; 8-Post-quantum cryptography manager; 9-Detector optical system; 10-Pump optical system; 11-Optical mirror number one; 12-Optical mirror number two; 13-Room-temperature cesium atom gas chamber; 14-Signal detection system; 15-Spectrum analyzer.

[0014] The specific content of the present invention will be further explained in detail below with reference to the embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0015] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all components in this invention are those known in the art.

[0016] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. All equivalent modifications made based on the technical solutions of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] This invention proposes a Rydberg atom frequency-hopping communication system based on quantum encryption, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a transmitter and a receiver; the transmitter includes a signal source 1, a modulator 2, a mixer 3, a fast signal generator 6, a quantum cryptography storage and manager 5, and a quantum true random number generator (QRNG) 4 connected in sequence; the mixer 3 is connected to a double-ridged horn antenna 7; It also includes a post-quantum cryptography manager (PQC) 8 and a spectrum analyzer 15; the post-quantum cryptography manager (PQC) 8 is connected to the quantum cryptography storage and manager 5; Signal source 1 is used to generate the signal to be transmitted; modulator 2 is used to modulate the signal to be transmitted to obtain the modulated signal to be transmitted; agile signal generator 6 is used to generate frequency hopping carrier sequence. The quantum random number generator 4 is used to generate a quantum random sequence and save the generated quantum random sequence to the quantum cryptography storage and manager 5. The quantum cryptography storage and manager 5 is used to copy the stored quantum random sequence, one path of which is used to control the agile signal generator 6 to generate a frequency hopping carrier sequence, and the other path passes through the post-quantum cryptography manager 8 and the spectrum analyzer 15. The randomness is first verified by the spectrum analyzer 15 and then sent to the post-quantum cryptography manager 8. The post-quantum cryptography manager (8) uses the verified quantum random sequence as a key to encrypt the signal to be transmitted. Mixer 3 is used to mix the modulated signal to be transmitted with the frequency hopping carrier sequence, and transmit the mixed signal to the receiving end through a wideband double-ridge horn antenna; The receiving end includes a probe optical system 9. A first optical mirror 11 is arranged on the output optical path of the probe optical system 9. A room-temperature cesium atom gas cell 13 and a second optical mirror 12 are arranged sequentially on the reflected optical path of the first optical mirror 11. A pump optical system 10 is arranged on the reflected optical path of the second optical mirror 12. A signal detector 14 is arranged on the refracted optical path of the second optical mirror 12. The signal detector 14 is connected to a spectrum analyzer 15. The transmitter of the horn antenna 7 faces the side of the room-temperature cesium atom gas chamber 13, which is used to receive the mixed signal.

[0018] In the above technical solution, a quantum true random number generator is used instead of a pseudo random number generator to generate true random number sequences for frequency hopping communication, eliminating the predictability of frequency hopping sequences, realizing secure frequency hopping communication, and significantly improving communication concealment. At the same time, by combining quantum cryptography storage and manager to distribute keys on classical channels, resistance to quantum attacks can be achieved without establishing a quantum channel, realizing highly secure and highly reliable frequency hopping communication. This solves the technical problem that traditional frequency hopping communication systems usually rely on pseudo random number generators to generate frequency hopping sequences, which can be predicted and thus reduce security.

[0019] The probe optical system 9, pump optical system 10, optical mirror 11, and room-temperature cesium atom gas chamber 13 prepare atoms to the Rydberg state using probe light and coupling light, respectively. The 852nm probe light 9 generated by the probe optical system 9 is locked onto a hyperfine transition line from the ground state to the excited state of the Cs atom. The 852nm probe light is totally reflected by the optical mirror 11. The pump laser 10 generated by the pump optical system 10 near 510nm is reflected by the optical mirror 11. After mirror 12, the pump light and probe light coincide in reverse and pass through the room-temperature cesium atom gas chamber 13. The cesium 133 atoms in the room-temperature cesium atom gas chamber 13 are prepared to the Rydberg state. After the mixed signal passes through the double-ridge broadband horn antenna 7, the cesium atoms in the room-temperature cesium atom gas chamber 13 change from one Rydberg state to other energy states. The energy level transition of the cesium atoms will cause the probe light to change. After the probe light is detected by the signal detection system 14, it is analyzed by the spectrum analyzer 15, and the information of the signal to be transmitted can be detected.

[0020] The principle of preparing atoms into different Rydberg states is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, this method utilizes an 852nm light field as the probe light frequency and a 6S... 1 / 2 Up to 6P 3 / 2 Hyperfine transition energy level resonances allow ground-state atoms to be prepared into excited states (from 6S). 1 / 2 Up to 6P 3 / 2 Multiple laser beams near 510 nm act as coupling light, and the strong coupling light causes atoms to achieve the excited state 6P. 3 / 2 to Ridburg nS1 / 2 The resonance transition allows excited-state atoms to be prepared into Rydberg states (nS). 1 / 2 ), from 6S 1 / 2 The excitation amplitudes to the two decorated states are opposite, leading to disrupted quantum interference along these excitation paths. Therefore, a transparent window is opened for the probe light, resulting in enhanced probe light transmission; this phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Modulated microwaves of different frequencies can transmit different Rydberg states nS... 1 / 2 The atoms are excited to other quantum states nP 3 / 2 Or (n±1)P 3 / 2 A third decorated state is introduced into the EIT, which leads to destructive interference of the probe light absorption. This splits the EIT resonance into two, and for the driving field of the resonance, the new maximum transmission value is determined by the Rabi frequency Ω of the microwave field. MW The decision is made. This is the AT splitting effect of the EIT signal, which is related to the feed field, thus enabling the measurement of the electric field strength.

[0021] The dual-ridge horn antenna is selectable in the frequency range of 7 GHz to 70 GHz, and the carrier frequencies for different preset frequencies can be nS. 1 / 2 To nP 3 / 2 (n±1)P 3 / 2 Or (n±2)P 3 / 2 Frequency hopping communication range is limited by the coverage area of ​​a double-ridged horn antenna. Taking a horn antenna from 7 GHz to 70 GHz as an example, it can be fabricated up to 62 GHz. 1 / 2 -83S 1 / 2 With 66S 1 / 2 For example, the frequency hopping carriers can be selected from 43.35859GHz, 14.28238GHz, 13.40806GHz, 39.79941GHz, and 64.97168GHz.

[0022] The post-quantum cryptography manager 8 also includes a time-frequency synchronization system, which is connected to the spectrum analyzer 15. Before conducting the frequency hopping rate test, the parameters of the time-frequency synchronization system need to be set: determine the frequency hopping range, the number of frequency hopping sequences, and other parameters; set the starting frequency, hopping step size, and hopping interval of the frequency hopping system. Start the time-frequency synchronization system randomly generated by the quantum true random number generator and monitor whether the time-frequency synchronization system is operating normally: check the output of the time-frequency synchronization system to confirm that the generation and transmission of the frequency hopping sequences are normal. Use the spectrum analyzer to collect the signal output by the time-frequency synchronization system. Ensure that the collected signal covers the entire frequency hopping range. Perform data processing and analysis on the collected frequency hopping signal: observe the frequency changes of the signal through methods such as spectrum analysis; calculate the frequency hopping rate of the frequency hopping signal, that is, the frequency of hopping per unit time.

[0023] The No. 1 optical mirror 11 is a mirror with total internal reflection at 852nm and total transmission at 509nm.

[0024] The second optical mirror 12 is a mirror with total internal reflection at 509nm and total transmission at 852nm.

[0025] This invention provides a Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication method based on quantum encryption, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The Rydberg atom frequency-hopping communication system based on quantum encryption includes the following steps: Step 1: The receiving end uses the PQC algorithm to generate a public-private key pair, which includes a public key PK and a private key SK; and shares the public key PK with the sending end through public channels. Step 2: The sending end obtains the public key PK from the receiving end and inputs it into the pML-KEM.Encapsulate algorithm to generate a shared key K and ciphertext C; the shared key K is retained, and the ciphertext C is sent to the receiving end; Step 3: The receiving end inputs the private key SK and ciphertext C into the ML-KEM.Decapsulate algorithm for decapsulation to obtain the shared key K; Step 4: The sending end uses the quantum true random number generator 4 to generate a new random key M; inputs the random key M and the shared key K into the AES-256-GCM algorithm to generate ciphertext CT, and sends the ciphertext CT to the receiving end; Step 5: The receiving end uses the shared key K to decapsulate the ciphertext CT to obtain the symmetric key M, and then uses the symmetric key M to decrypt it.

[0026] Preferably, the Kyber-512 algorithm can be selected for PQC. See Figure 4The diagram illustrates frequency hopping communication signal transmission. The signal to be transmitted, A, is encrypted by frequency hopping of the carrier signal controlled by the true random number sequence B generated by the quantum true random number generator 4. After passing through the mixer, the actual transmitted signal can be measured as shown in C. The information intercepted by the outside world is also C. When they cannot obtain the true random number sequence B generated by the quantum true random number generator for decryption, they cannot obtain the real data. However, the probe end has the key transmitted through the quantum cryptography manager 8, so it can decrypt the received information and never obtain the real signal to be transmitted, A.

Claims

1. A Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication system based on quantum encryption, comprising a transmitter and a receiver; characterized in that: The transmitting end includes a signal source (1), a modulator (2), a mixer (3), a fast signal generator (6), a quantum cryptography storage and manager (5), and a quantum true random number generator (4) connected in sequence; the mixer (3) is connected to a double-ridged horn antenna (7). It also includes a post-quantum cryptography manager (8) and a spectrum analyzer (15); the post-quantum cryptography manager (8) is connected to the quantum cryptography storage and manager (5); The signal source (1) is used to generate the signal to be transmitted; the modulator (2) is used to modulate the signal to be transmitted to obtain the modulated signal to be transmitted; the agile signal generator (6) is used to generate the frequency hopping carrier sequence. The quantum random number generator (4) is used to generate a quantum random sequence and save the generated quantum random sequence to the quantum cryptography storage and manager (5); the quantum cryptography storage and manager (5) is used to copy the stored quantum random sequence, one path is used to control the agile signal generator (6) to generate a frequency hopping carrier sequence, and the other path passes through the post-quantum cryptography manager (8) and the spectrum analyzer (15). The randomness is first verified by the spectrum analyzer (15) and then sent to the post-quantum cryptography manager (8). The post-quantum cryptography manager (8) uses the verified quantum random sequence as a key to encrypt the signal to be transmitted. The mixer (3) is used to mix the modulated signal to be transmitted with the frequency hopping carrier sequence, and to send the mixed signal to the receiving end through a wideband double-ridge horn antenna. The receiving end includes a probe optical system (9), and a first optical mirror (11) is arranged on the output optical path of the probe optical system (9). A room temperature cesium atom gas cell (13) and a second optical mirror (12) are arranged sequentially on the reflected optical path of the first optical mirror (11). A pump optical system (10) is arranged on the reflected optical path of the second optical mirror (12). A signal detector (14) is arranged on the refracted optical path of the second optical mirror (12). The signal detector (14) is connected to the spectrum analyzer (15). The transmitter of the horn antenna (7) faces the side of the room temperature cesium atom gas chamber (13), which is used to receive the mixed signal.

2. The Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication system based on quantum encryption as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first optical mirror (11) is a mirror with total internal reflection at 852nm and total internal transmission at 509nm.

3. The Rydberg atom frequency hopping communication system based on quantum encryption as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second optical mirror (12) is a mirror with total internal reflection at 509nm and total internal transmission at 852nm.

4. A quantum-encrypted Rydberg atom frequency-hopping communication method, based on the quantum-encrypted Rydberg atom frequency-hopping communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The receiving end uses the PQC algorithm to generate a public-private key pair, which includes a public key PK and a private key SK; and shares the public key PK with the sending end through public channels. Step 2: The sending end obtains the public key PK from the receiving end and inputs it into the pML-KEM.Encapsulate algorithm to generate a shared key K and ciphertext C; the shared key K is retained, and the ciphertext C is sent to the receiving end; Step 3: The receiving end inputs the private key SK and ciphertext C into the ML-KEM.Decapsulate algorithm for decapsulation to obtain the shared key K; Step 4: The sending end uses a quantum true random number generator (4) to generate a new random key M; inputs the random key M and the shared key K into the AES-256-GCM algorithm to generate ciphertext CT, and sends the ciphertext CT to the receiving end; Step 5: The receiving end uses the shared key K to decapsulate the ciphertext CT to obtain the symmetric key M, and then uses the symmetric key M to decrypt it.

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