Measurement relaxation and reporting of measurement relaxation status for radio link monitoring in wireless systems

Abstract

A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor and a memory. The processor and the memory may be configured to receive configuration information indicating a measurement relaxation criterion for radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD) and a barring time period for reporting a measurement relaxation state. The WTRU may determine that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU has changed based on the measurement relaxation criterion. The WTRU may determine that the barring time period has ended. The WTRU may send a report based on the determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and the determination that the barring time period has ended. The report may include an indication of a measurement relaxation status.

Description

[0001] This is a divisional application. The parent application is entitled "Measurement Relaxation and Reporting of Measurement Relaxation State for Radio Link Monitoring in a Wireless System", filed on December 21, 2022, with application number 202280088576.0.

[0002] Related applications This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 292,293, filed on December 21, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0003] In 5G new radio, the Radio Transmitter / Receiver Unit (WTRU) monitors downlink radio link quality based on reference signals configured as RLM-RS resources to detect downlink radio link quality in both the primary cell (PCell) and primary / secondary cell (PSCell). The configured Radio Link Monitoring Radio Signal (RLM-RS) resources can be all Synchronization Blocks (SSBs), all CSI-RS, or a mixture of SSBs and Channel State Information Resource Signals (CSI-RS). Outside of the Active Downlink Bandwidth Portion (DL BWP), the WTRU does not perform RLM. Similarly, the WTRU evaluates the downlink radio link quality of the serving cell to detect beam faults. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Radio link monitoring in a wireless system can be relaxed according to one or more methods, systems, and / or devices. In some cases, MAC CE or L1 signaling can be used to dynamically provide network control by reporting in the uplink and / or enabling / disabling in the downlink. In some cases, a simplified uplink report indicating simple binary conditions can be used, relating to whether reporting or relaxation criteria are met. For example, the report may be a single bit. For example, the report may include a limited number of multiple bits to provide more information, such as whether individual criteria are met. In some cases, dynamic downlink control can be used in conjunction with simple on / off and / or up / down commands from the network indicating one or more measurement requirements.

[0005] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor and a memory. The processor and memory may be configured to receive measurement relaxation criteria indicating radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam fault detection (BFD) and configuration information indicating a prohibited period for reporting the measurement relaxation state. The WTRU may determine, based on the measurement relaxation criteria, that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU has changed. The WTRU may determine that the prohibited period has ended. The WTRU may transmit a report based on the determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and the determination that the prohibited period has ended. The report may include an indication of the measurement relaxation state.

[0006] When the WTRU sends this report, it can initiate the prohibition period. While the prohibition timer is running, it can prevent the WTRU from changing the measurement relaxation state.

[0007] The report may indicate whether the WTRU is in the measurement relaxation state or not. This indication of the measurement relaxation state may be cell-specific. The report may also include cell-specific indications of the measurement relaxation state. The WTRU may receive signaling that enables it to send the report. In some examples, the signaling that enables the WTRU to send the report may be the same signaling that provides the prohibition period.

[0008] This configuration information can indicate the prohibited time period among multiple prohibited time periods.

[0009] When the WTRU is not in the measurement relaxation state, it can perform RLM and / or BFD measurements using a first cycle. When the WTRU is in the measurement relaxation state, it can perform RLM and / or BFD measurements using a second cycle.

[0010] The WTRU may determine to enter the measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value exceeding a power threshold. This power threshold may include one or more of a SINR threshold, RSRP threshold, RSSI threshold, or RSRQ threshold. The WTRU may also determine to enter the measurement relaxation state based on a change in the power measurement value falling below a change / mobility threshold. This mobility threshold may include changes in RSRP within a specific time limit and / or cell change counts. The WTRU may also determine to exit the measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value falling below a power threshold.

[0011] A method implemented by the WTRU may include: receiving measurement relaxation criteria indicating radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam fault detection (BFD) and configuration information for reporting a prohibited period of measurement relaxation status. The method may include: determining, based on the measurement relaxation criteria, that the measurement relaxation status of the WTRU has changed. The method may include: determining that the prohibited period has ended. The method may include: sending a report based on the determination that the measurement relaxation status has changed and the determination that the prohibited period has ended. The report may include an indication of the measurement relaxation status.

[0012] The method may further include: initiating the prohibition period when the WTRU sends the report. The method may further include: preventing changes to the measurement relaxation state while the prohibition timer that tracks the prohibition period is running.

[0013] The report can indicate whether the WTRU is in the measurement relaxation state or not.

[0014] The method may include: indicating that the measurement relaxation state is specific to a first cell. The method may also include: indicating that the measurement relaxation state is specific to a second cell.

[0015] The method may include receiving signaling that enables the WTRU to send the report. The configuration information may indicate a prohibited period among multiple prohibited period periods.

[0016] The method may include: performing RLM or BFD measurements periodically using a first cycle when the WTRU is not in the measurement relaxation state. The method may include: performing RLM or BFD measurements periodically using a second cycle when the WTRU is in the measurement relaxation state. The method may include: determining entry into the measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value higher than a power threshold. The method may include: determining exit from the measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value lower than a power threshold. Attached Figure Description

[0017] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference numerals in the drawings indicate similar elements, and wherein: FIG. 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system that can be implemented in one or more of the disclosed embodiments; FIG. 1B This is an example of an implementation scheme that can be implemented. FIG. 1A A system diagram of an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used within the communication system shown; FIG. 1C This is an example of an implementation scheme that can be implemented. FIG. 1AA system diagram of an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) used within the communication system shown; FIG. 1D This is an example of an implementation scheme that can be implemented. FIG. 1A A system diagram of another exemplary RAN and another exemplary CN used in the communication system shown; FIG. 2 An example of a signaling message sequence associated with a relaxation operation is given; and FIG. 3 An exemplary flowchart illustrating a method for relaxation operations is shown.

[0018] FIG. 4 An exemplary flowchart illustrating the process is shown, which is performed by the WTRU to determine measurements based on relaxation criteria, when to enter (or exit) the relaxation state, and how the WTRU reports to the network and / or cell when it has entered (or exited) the relaxation state. Detailed Implementation

[0019] FIG. 1A This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system 100 that can be implemented in one or more of the disclosed embodiments. Communication system 100 can be a multiple access system providing content such as voice, data, video, messaging, and broadcasting to multiple wireless users. Communication system 100 enables multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, communication system 100 can employ one or more channel access methods, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Zero-Tail Unique Word Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S-OFDM), Unique Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Resource Block Filtered OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0020] like FIG. 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d (any of which may be referred to as a station (STA)) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile user units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0021] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of base stations 114a and 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks (such as CN 106, Internet 110, and / or other networks 112). For example, base stations 114a and 114b may be base transceiver stations (BTS), Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), home Node Bs, home evolved Node Bs, next-generation Node Bs such as gNode Bs (gNBs), new radio (NR) Node Bs, site controllers, access points (APs), wireless routers, etc. Although base stations 114a and 114b are each depicted as a single element, it should be understood that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0022] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of radio services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or changeable over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver per sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0023] Base stations 114a and 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Any suitable radio access technology (RAT) can be used to establish air interface 116.

[0024] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in RAN 104 may implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0025] In one implementation, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), which can use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro) to establish air interface 116.

[0026] In one implementation, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can enable radio technologies such as NR radio access, which can use NR to establish air interface 116.

[0027] In one implementation, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can, for instance, use the dual connectivity (DC) principle together to implement LTE radio access and NR radio access. Therefore, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0028] In other implementations, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., WiMAX), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE), and GSM EDGE (GERAN).

[0029] FIG. 1ABase station 114b can be, for example, a wireless router, a home node B, a home evolution node B, or an access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in local areas such as commercial locations, homes, vehicles, campuses, industrial facilities, air corridors (e.g., for use by drones), roads, etc. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize cellular-based RATs (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell base station. FIG. 1A As shown, base station 114b may have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106.

[0030] RAN 104 can communicate with CN 106, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. Data can have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 can provide call control, billing services, location-based services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although not explicitly stated... FIG. 1A As shown, but it should be understood that RAN 104 and / or CN 106 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that use the same RAT as RAN 104 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 which can utilize NR radio technology, CN 106 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) that uses GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0031] CN 106 may also act as a gateway for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing Common Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. Network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as RAN 104 or a different RAT.

[0032] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in communication system 100 may include multi-mode capability (e.g., WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, FIG. 1A The WTRU 102c shown can be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that can employ cellular-based radio technology and with a base station 114b that can employ IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0033] FIG. 1B This is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary WTRU 102. For example... FIG. 1B As shown, WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138, etc. It should be understood that, while remaining consistent with the implementation, WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements.

[0034] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. Processor 118 may perform signal decoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, which may be coupled to transmit / receive element 122. Although FIG. 1B While the processor 118 and transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, it should be understood that the processor 118 and transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0035] Transmitting / receiving element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 may be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In another embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It should be understood that transmitting / receiving element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0036] Although the transmitting / receiving element 122 is in FIG. 1B While depicted as a single element, WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals via air interface 116.

[0037] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals transmitted by transmitting / receiving element 122 and demodulate signals received by transmitting / receiving element 122. As noted above, WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capability. For example, transceiver 120 may therefore include multiple transceivers to enable WTRU 102 to communicate via various RATs such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0038] The processor 118 of WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and may receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and / or display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 may access information from any type of suitable memory (such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132) and store data in any type of suitable memory. Non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a user identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital storage (SD) card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from memory not physically located on WTRU 102 (such as on a server or home computer (not shown)) and store data in that memory.

[0039] The processor 118 may receive power from the power supply 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell battery packs (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0040] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) about the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or instead of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be understood that, while remaining consistent with the implementation, the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable location determination method.

[0041] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripheral device 138 may include an accelerometer, electronic compass, satellite transceiver, digital camera (for photos and / or video), Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, vibration device, television transceiver, hands-free headset, Bluetooth.® Modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, etc. Peripheral devices 138 may include one or more sensors. Sensors may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors; geolocation sensors, altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, gesture sensors, biometric sensors, humidity sensors, etc.

[0042] WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference through signal processing via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) or DL ​​(e.g., for reception)) are concurrent.

[0043] FIG. 1C This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to one implementation scheme. As noted above, RAN 104 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. RAN 104 can also communicate with CN 106.

[0044] RAN 104 may include evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c, but it should be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of evolved Node Bs while remaining consistent with the implementation scheme. Each evolved Node B 160a, 160b, and 160c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one implementation, evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Therefore, evolved Node B 160a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a.

[0045] Each of the evolved nodes B 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, etc. FIG. 1C As shown, evolution nodes B 160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0046] FIG. 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (PGW) 166. Although the foregoing elements are depicted as part of CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than a CN operator.

[0047] The MME 162 can connect to each of the evolved nodes B 162a, 162b, and 162c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can be used as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attachment of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc. The MME 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0048] The SGW 164 can connect to each of the evolved Nodes B 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 typically routes and forwards user data packets to and from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. The SGW 164 can perform other functions such as anchoring the user plane during handover between evolved Nodes B, triggering paging when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and managing and storing the context of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0049] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 166, which provides WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0050] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to circuit-switched networks (such as PSTN 108) to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c and traditional landline communication equipment. For example, CN 106 may include an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108, or be able to communicate with such an IP gateway. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0051] Despite WTRU in FIG. 1A to FIG. 1D While described as a wireless terminal, it is conceivable that in some representative implementations, such a terminal may (e.g., temporarily or permanently) use a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0052] In a representative implementation, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0053] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic to and / or carries traffic out of the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS and destined for a STA can reach and be delivered to the STA via the AP. Traffic originating from a STA and destined for a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the appropriate destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent via the AP, for example, where a source STA can send traffic to the AP, and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic can be sent between a source STA and a destination STA (e.g., directly between them) using Direct Link Establishment (DLS). In some representative implementations, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). WLANs using the Standalone BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an access point (AP), and STAs within the IBSS or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs within a STA) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to as the "ad-hoc" communication mode in this document.

[0054] When operating in 802.11ac infrastructure mode or a similar mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as the primary channel. The primary channel can be of fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or dynamically configured. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In some representative implementations, Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, each STA (including the AP) can listen to the primary channel. If the primary channel is listened to / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, that STA can back off. A single STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit in a given BSS at any given time.

[0055] High-throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using a 40MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a primary 20MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20MHz channels to form a 40MHz wide channel.

[0056] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs support channels with widths of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, and / or 160MHz. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-consecutive 80MHz channels (this can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, data can be split into two streams by a segment parser. Each stream can be processed individually using Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and time-domain processing. These streams can be mapped to two 80MHz channels, and data can be transmitted via the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations described above for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to Media Access Control (MAC).

[0057] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1 GHz. Compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac, 802.11af and 802.11ah reduce channel operating bandwidth and carrier. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to representative implementations, 802.11ah may support instrument-type control / machine-type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support (e.g., only support) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0058] WLAN systems supporting multiple channels, and channel bandwidths such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include channels that can be designated as primary channels. A primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by STAs operating in the BSS (each supporting a minimum bandwidth operating mode). In the 802.11ah example, for STAs supporting (e.g., only supporting) a 1MHz mode (e.g., MTC type devices), the primary channel can be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier Sense and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example because an STA (which only supports a 1MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands may be considered busy even if most available bands remain idle.

[0059] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0060] FIG. 1DThis is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to one implementation scheme. As noted above, RAN 104 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. RAN 104 may also communicate with CN 106.

[0061] RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, but it should be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the implementation. Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one implementation, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Therefore, gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a. In one implementation, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0062] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with an expandable set of parameters. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary depending on different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or continuously varying absolute time lengths).

[0063] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can use one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as mobility anchors. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in unlicensed frequency bands. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, and also with other RANs (such as evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles to communicate substantially simultaneously with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c and one or more evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. In a non-standalone configuration, evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can be used as mobility anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0064] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network slicing support, interoperability between DC, NR, and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPF) 184a and 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 182a and 182b, etc. FIG. 1D As shown, gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0065] FIG. 1D The CN 106 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although the foregoing elements are depicted as part of CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than a CN operator.

[0066] AMF 182a and 182b can connect to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 104 via the N2 interface and can be used as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting specific SMF 183a and 183b, managing registration areas, terminating Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, etc. AMF 182a and 182b can use network slicing to customize CN support for WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the type of service used by WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases, such as services that rely on Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services that rely on Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, and services for MTC access. AMF 182a and 182b can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0067] SMFs 183a and 183b can connect to AMFs 182a and 182b in CN 106 via the N11 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can also connect to UPFs 184a and 184b in CN 106 via the N4 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control UPFs 184a and 184b, and configure traffic routing through UPFs 184a and 184b. SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing DL data notifications. PDU session types can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0068] UPF 184a and 184b can connect via the N3 interface to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 104. These gNBs can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks (such as Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multihomed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, and providing mobility anchoring.

[0069] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 may include an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108, or be able to communicate with such an IP gateway. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c can be connected to DN 185a, 185b via UPF 184a, 184b through the N3 interface to UPF 184a, 184b and the N6 interface between UPF 184a, 184b and local DN 185a, 185b.

[0070] Given FIG. 1A to FIG. 1D as well as FIG. 1A to FIG. 1D The corresponding descriptions herein refer to one or more of the functions described below, or all of the functions described herein, which may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown): WTRU102a-d, base station 114a-b, evolved Node B160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN185a-b, and / or any other device described herein. An emulation device may be one or more devices configured to mimic one or more of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0071] Simulation devices can be designed to perform one or more tests on other devices in laboratory and / or carrier network environments. For example, the one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions, while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions, while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. Simulation devices may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or use over-the-air wireless communication to perform tests.

[0072] The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation devices may be used in test scenarios within a test laboratory and / or non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication networks to perform testing of one or more components. The one or more simulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via an RF circuit system (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the simulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0073] In wireless systems (e.g., 5G New Radio (NR)), the WTRU can monitor downlink radio link quality based on reference signals configured as Radio Link Monitoring Reference Signals (RLM-RS) resources to detect downlink radio link quality in the primary cell (PCell) and primary / secondary cell (PSCell). The configured RLM-RS resources can be all Synchronization Blocks (SSBs), all Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS), or a mixture of SSBs and CSI-RS. Outside of the Active Downlink Bandwidth Portion (DL BWP), the WTRU may not need to perform RLM. Similarly, the WTRU can evaluate the downlink radio link quality of the serving cell to detect beam faults.

[0074] One method for saving power may include relaxing RLM / BFD requirements for WTRU. One or more criteria may exist for RLM / BFD relaxation, which may address one or more scenarios. In an example, SSB-based RLM / BFD measurement relaxation may exist in frequency range 1 (FR1). In an example, CSI-RS-based RLM / BFD measurement relaxation may exist in FR1. In an example, CSI-RS-based RLM / BFD measurement relaxation may exist in frequency range 2 (FR2). In an example, SSB-based RLM / BFD measurement relaxation may exist in FR2.

[0075] Relaxed BFD / RLM requirements are supported for all deployment scenarios, such as New Radio Independent (NR SA), E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC), NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC), NR In-band Carrier Aggregation (CA), NR Inter-band CA, and New Radio Dual Connectivity (NR-DC).

[0076] For relaxation criteria, one or more of the following factors may be applied and / or considered. For example, relaxation criteria may consider the network to enable and disable measurement relaxation. In the example, whether relaxed RLM / BFD requirements can be applied may depend on both serving cell quality and WTRU mobility status. In the example, measurement relaxation criteria may be based on channel quality and / or mobility. In the example, relaxation criteria may also consider that if the WTRU is not allowed to relax if it meets any of the following conditions: serving cell quality exit condition, low mobility exit condition, and / or DRX cycle length, then the WTRU may exit the relaxation mode. When not in a relaxed state, the WTRU may perform measurements for a specific time period, and then perform additional measurements after entering the relaxation state. In the example, if the WTRU applies a DRX cycle longer than 80ms, it can be assumed that the WTRU does not perform relaxed RLM / BFD measurements, and existing RLM / BFD requirements may be applied. In the example, when neither serving cell quality criteria nor low mobility criteria are configured, existing RLM / BFD requirements may be applied. In the example, if dedicated signaling or broadcast signaling instructs the WTRU that it can relax RLM / BFD measurements, one or more previous lists in the previous list can be modified. In some examples, if good serving cell criteria are predefined, one or more previous lists in the previous list can be modified.

[0077] The WTRU may determine to enter a measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value (e.g., RSRP) being higher than a power threshold (e.g., higher than a power threshold indicates high channel quality). This power threshold may include one or more of a SINR threshold, an RSRP threshold, an RSSI threshold, or an RSRQ threshold. Additionally and alternatively, the WTRU may determine to enter a measurement relaxation state based on a change in a power measurement value (e.g., RSRP change) being lower than a change / mobility threshold (e.g., lower than a change threshold indicates low mobility of the WTRU). The change / mobility threshold may include changes in RSRP within a specific time limit and / or cell change counts. The WTRU may determine to exit a measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value (e.g., RSRP) being lower than a power threshold and / or based on a change in a power measurement value being higher than a change / mobility threshold. For low mobility criteria, one or more of the following may be applied and / or considered (e.g., L3 RSRP measurement changes and / or related RS measurements used for L3 reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements).

[0078] For cell quality criteria, one or more of the following can be applied and / or considered: a good serving cell quality criterion for RLM / BFD relaxation can be defined when the radio link quality is better than a threshold (e.g., the radio link quality in a good serving cell quality criterion for RLM / BFD relaxation can be based on the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR)). In the example, the WTRU can reuse the SINR for RLM / BFD evaluation when determining whether the serving cell quality criterion is met. The WTRU can use predefined or configured thresholds. The SINR definition for good serving cell quality can have one or more of its own criteria.

[0079] If parameters are used instead of predefined ones and / or specific implementation scenarios, the RLM / BFD relaxation criteria can be configured as a baseline by dedicated signaling (e.g., RadioLinkMonitoringConfig). Access Layer (AS) capability procedures can be used to report WTRU capabilities that support RLM / BFD relaxation. The presence and / or absence of a configuration for the RLM / BFD relaxation criteria in the signaling can indicate to the WTRU whether the WTRU can and / or should evaluate the criteria.

[0080] In the example, a question might arise regarding whether the network (NW) needs to exercise control when the WTRU enters a relaxed state. In one example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling could be used to report and enable the relaxed state. However, this approach can incur unnecessary overhead for dynamically enabling / disabling the state whenever criteria are met.

[0081] In one example, the Media Access Control-Control Element (MAC CE) and / or L1 signaling can be used (e.g., by the NW) to dynamically enable / disable RLM / BFD relaxation. The WTRU can be configured to receive signaling that enables the WTRU to send reports. For example, the WTRU can use MAC CE and / or L1 signaling to send a report to the NW associated with RLM / BFD relaxation, such as a report containing an indication of whether relaxation criteria have been met.

[0082] FIG. 2 An exemplary signaling message sequence 200 is shown. At 206, WTRU 202 sends RRC radio access capability to gNB 204. At 208, gNB 204 can use RRC signaling to configure reporting criteria. At 210, WTRU 202 can send an indication to gNB 204 when the criteria are met. At 212, after receiving the indication that the criteria are met, gNB 204 can enable RLM / BFD relaxation.

[0083] Regarding the relaxation / reporting criteria, in the example, the out-of-sync and synchronization error block rates (BLER) used for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) mapping can be shown in Table 1.

[0084] In this example, the ratio between the PDCCH resource element (RE) energy and the average auxiliary synchronization signal (SSS) RE energy is 4 dB for out-of-sync (OOS) and 0 dB for synchronization (IS). Therefore, a 5 dB difference can be defined.

[0085] Radio link monitoring can have specific evaluation cycles for non-DRX and DRX situations, and specific T values ​​for FR1 and FR2. 评估_输出_SSB and T 评估_输入_SSB In the examples, SSB-based evaluation cycles can also be defined on CSI-RS. Therefore, in the following examples, SSB references can be used without reducing generality.

[0086] In the examples, the evaluation cycles for OOS and IS can be evaluated as shown in Table 2. The examples shown in Table 2 further consider FR1, where similar requirements apply to CSI-RS.

[0087] As shown in Table 2, P is a factor that describes the gap between overlapping and / or non-overlapping symbols related to SSB, and can take different values.

[0088] In the example, to perform RLM relaxation, the WTRU can use a first DRX cycle value to determine the requirement (e.g., evaluation period), where the DRX cycle value used may differ from the actual DRX cycle value. For example, a scaling method can be used, where the first DRX cycle value is determined by scaling the actual DRX cycle value (e.g., using an integer). The scaling factor K can be signaled by the network during RRC configuration. In the example, the scaling factor K can be signaled within the activation message. When the WTRU does not have a configured DRX cycle, the relaxation method and the first relaxation virtual DRX cycle used for relaxation measurements can be semi-statically configured by the network to RRC configuration. Furthermore, the first relaxation virtual DRX cycle can be dynamically activated independently by the MAC or DCI via an activation message using the PDCCH.

[0089] In the example, requirements can be scaled directly. For instance, scaling factors can be used to scale the evaluation period and / or indication interval. Different scaling factors can be used to scale different requirements. The scaling factor can be signaled by the network during RRC configuration. The scaling factor can be signaled within the activation message.

[0090] In the example, the WTRU may use the value of a virtual DRX cycle when calculating RLM / BFD requirements (such as the evaluation period and / or indication interval). The value of the virtual DRX cycle may differ from the value of the actual DRX cycle (e.g., the value of the virtual DRX cycle may be larger). The virtual DRX cycle can be used when no actual DRX is configured. The possible set of values ​​for the virtual DRX cycle may be configured by the base station (e.g., gNB). The specific value to be used may be indicated by the base station in the activation message and / or may be selected autonomously by the WTRU. For example, when indicating a relaxation state, the WTRU may select one of the configured virtual DRX cycle values. This selection may be a first evaluation period, which may be the lowest value in a set of values ​​signaled. The WTRU may then gradually increase this value (e.g., by selecting a larger configuration value).

[0091] Additionally and / or alternatively, the WTRU may follow base station instructions, such as UP or DOWN, while changing the virtual DRX cycle used for RLM evaluation. The base station may send an UP or DOWN command based on reported cell / beam measurements while the WTRU is eligible for relaxation criteria. For example, if the WTRU is configured to be in the minimum configurable virtual DRX cycle and receives a DOWN command, the WTRU may exit the RLM relaxed operating mode. If the WTRU receives an UP command after a better cell / beam report (e.g., a report indicating a higher beam RSRP than previously reported), the WTRU may move to a subsequent virtual DRX cycle in the configuration list with more relaxed measurement sampling for RLM.

[0092] The relaxation criterion for RLM can be a threshold defined as an offset to the OOS and / or IS SINR mapping. For example, this could be a Y=2dB offset for an IS-related SINR mapping with good serving cell quality. This offset can be predefined and / or a network-configurable parameter. The offset can be uniquely defined relative to the OOS or IS SINR mapping, and / or can be set individually or configured differently for each OOS and / or IS value. RLM relaxation mode triggering can be based on a measurement of reaching and maintaining this threshold for a certain amount of time. This time can be defined, for example, by a semi-static configuration by the network. The time can also be predefined.

[0093] Once the WTRU meets the low mobility condition based on changes in RSRP cell measurements over a certain time interval and good cell quality in terms of RLM, the WTRU can report this favorable state of RLM / BFD relaxation to the network.

[0094] In the example, in addition to the serving cell and low mobility criteria, relaxation criteria may also include, for example, beam switching and / or trigger time (TTT). Beam change counts can be detected in the WTRU or in the NW; for example, in the WTRU, the beam used for RSRP needs to be maintained within a predefined time interval t. The WTRU can report the TTT criteria to be met for a duration prior to triggering a report.

[0095] Relaxation criteria and reporting criteria can be separate. For example, the reporting criteria can use a lower threshold than the relaxation criteria. In the example, the WTRU can report an indication that the reporting criteria are met. Upon receiving the report, the NW can enable relaxation. Then, when the relaxation criteria are met, the WTRU can apply actual relaxation. DL control information, which may include an activation indication, can be received.

[0096] For non-DRX scenarios, the L1 (physical layer) indication interval for OOS and IS can be set to T. 指示_间隔 It is max(10ms,T) RLM-RS,M Configure it during the process, where T RLM,M It is the shortest periodicity of RLM-RS resources used for all configurations of the monitored cell.

[0097] If the DRX cycle length is less than or equal to 320ms, the L1 (physical layer) indication interval for OOS and IS in the DRX case can be T. 指示_间隔 It is Max(10ms, 1.5×DRX_loop_length, 1.5×T) RLM-RS,M Configure it during the T process, and if the DRX loop length exceeds 320ms, it can be configured during the T process. 指示_间隔 This is configured when using DRX_loop_length.

[0098] When the network activates the relaxation state, WTRU can scale T according to the measurement sampling rate after applying the relaxation factor K. 指示_间隔 The relaxation factor K can be configured semi-statically by the network, or alternatively, indicated by the network when the relaxed state is activated.

[0099] For example, scaling T 指示_间隔 One approach is to use a virtual DRX relaxation cycle length. The virtual DRX relaxation cycle length can be defined as the periodicity of sample measurements in the relaxation state. In this case, T 指示_间隔 It can be defined as: T 指示_间隔 :max(10ms, virtual DRX relaxation loop length, T) RLM-RS,M ).

[0100] In the example, T 指示_间隔 It can be defined as: T 指示_间隔 max(10ms, R*T)RLM-RS,M ), where R is the scaling factor. If the scaling factor R is not an integer value, it can be rounded up, for example, by performing a rounding operation such as ceil(R). The scaling factor R may not be an integer value when used to scale other measurements or thresholds of the RLM Qin, Q output. The scaling factor R can also be associated with the virtual DRX relaxation cycle length, which can be linked to T. 评估 Opportunities to measure the cycle. For example, the length of a virtual DRX relaxation cycle can be defined as R*T. RLM-RS,M .

[0101] A WTRU capable of implementing RLM / BFD relaxation features can be configured with one or more parameters. For example, the WTRU can be configured with one or more parameters for relaxation via RRC signaling. The WTRU can receive a MAC CE, which can configure the parameters, for example, by indicating a value from a set of predefined values. These predefined values ​​may include, for example, a relative threshold Y for an IS mapping threshold for good quality of the serving cell, a TTT for signaling to the network that the RLM / BFD relaxation is ready, a counter for IS exceeding a good quality offset threshold (which can be reset whenever the WTRU samples a measurement below the offset level), and / or a TTT for signaling to the network that the WTRU is leaving the RLM / BFD relaxation state when it samples a measurement in which an OOS is detected.

[0102] Additionally and / or alternatively, sampling measurements falling below the IS normal operating threshold mapping and / or a limited number of samples may signal a relaxation state. Additionally and / or alternatively, a disable timer may prevent the WTRU from signaling an RLM / BFD relaxation-ready state after signaling departure from the RLM / BFD relaxation state. The disable timer may track a disable period and may be included in the configuration information. This configuration information may also indicate one or more disable period periods.

[0103] Relaxation state characteristics may involve uplink reporting, which can be implemented in one or more ways. For example, a UL report may be reported in the MAC CE and / or in uplink control information (e.g., in PUCCH and / or PUSCH), in scheduling requests, and / or in buffer state reports. The UL report may contain a single bit to indicate that a criterion (e.g., a SINR threshold and / or a low mobility criterion) is met. The base station may configure the reporting criteria. The UL report may contain multiple bits (e.g., two bits indicating each criterion separately). For example, one bit may indicate that the SINR threshold is met, and / or one bit may indicate that the low mobility criterion is met. The UL report may contain two or more bits to request an increase or decrease in the relaxation level. For example, these bits may indicate an increase and / or a decrease in the virtual DRX cycle value used for RLM / BFD requirements in the relaxation state. For example, these bits may indicate an indication of the value of the virtual DRX cycle used for RLM / BFD requirements in the relaxation state.

[0104] In the example, these bits can be used to increase and / or decrease the threshold and / or select a threshold from a set of thresholds. The data indicated in the report (e.g., the meaning of the code points included in the report) may depend on whether relaxation is enabled and / or disabled in the NW. For example, if relaxation is disabled in the NW, the report may indicate whether the threshold and low mobility criteria are met. If relaxation is enabled in the NW, the report may indicate whether the threshold and low mobility criteria are no longer met. Furthermore, if relaxation is enabled in the NW, these bits may be set according to different thresholds or indicate increasing / decreasing the threshold.

[0105] Regarding Dual Connectivity Carrier Aggregation (DCCA), separate reporting and / or enabling can be performed on a serving cell and / or serving beam basis. Additionally and / or alternatively, with respect to DCCA, the WTRU may report the results to the Primary Cell Group (MCG) and / or the Secondary Cell Group (SCG). This may also imply enabling / disabling multiple bits. Furthermore, separate reporting by carrier may imply multiple bits used for reporting.

[0106] In the example, a prohibition timer can be applied to report triggering; for example, the WTRU can be configured to initiate a prohibition period when the WTRU sends a report (e.g., to the MCG and / or SCG). After the WTRU exits relaxation, a timer can be started, and the WTRU can be prohibited from requesting relaxation via a UL report and / or entering relaxation while the timer is running. Additionally and alternatively, while the timer is running, the WTRU can be prohibited from changing its relaxation state. The UL report can include whether the WTRU is in a relaxation state. The UL report can include an indication of whether any OOS indication has been detected during the relaxation state. The UL report can include an indication of whether a rollback and / or exit from the relaxation state has occurred (e.g., whether the WTRU is currently relaxed and whether criteria are met). New RRC re-establishment cause values ​​can be introduced to explicitly indicate radio link failures (RLFs) during relaxation (e.g., serving and / or neighboring cell measurements, location information, and other information related to supporting ad hoc networks and / or minimizing drive testing).

[0107] For DL ​​control, the WTRU may receive an activation command when reporting the RLM / BFD relaxation readiness status to the network. This activation command may only activate the relaxation configuration already received by the WTRU via RRC configuration. Activation may mean, for example, that the WTRU can begin executing RLM / BFD in the relaxed state. Additionally and alternatively, the network may indicate in the activation command the values ​​of the relaxation factor K and / or the virtual DRX cycle that the WTRU can use. The relaxation factor K and / or virtual DRX cycle values ​​may be applied to the current evaluation cycle rule, which in turn may affect the TE. valuate_输出 and TE valuate_输入 value.

[0108] Based on NW deployment knowledge, DL control information can use a single bit to enable and / or disable relaxation. For example, DL can be configured to indicate "Enabled" only. In this example, WTRU can autonomously indicate "Disabled" when criteria are no longer met and / or "Exit" criteria are met (e.g., where the "Exit" criteria specify when the WTRU is expected to exit the relaxation state).

[0109] DL control information can indicate multiple relaxation requirements. For example, different requirements may be needed to meet the SINR threshold and / or low mobility criteria. These different requirements can be indicated using multiple bits. In the example, stepwise relaxation can be performed (e.g., the DL control information can indicate the degree to which relaxation is permissible). DL control information can indicate what requirements to apply (e.g., used in conjunction with upward and / or downward requests from WTRU, and / or incrementing and / or decrementing the relaxation factor K value).

[0110] For DL ​​control, the WTRU can be relaxed if the NW indicates "allow" and the criteria are met. In this case, different thresholds may exist for reporting and / or applying relaxation. These different thresholds are obtained by applying offsets to configured and / or predefined criteria and / or by signaling individual thresholds. Additionally and / or alternatively, using individual thresholds can allow reporting to occur before the criteria allowing WTRU relaxation are met. In this case, using individual thresholds can advantageously compensate for processing delays at the gNB and / or propagation delays in the case of non-terrestrial networks (NTN).

[0111] Even if the criteria are not met and / or not reported, DL control may have an additional state indicating "permitted" by NW. NW can make this additional state based on, for example, low mobility detected at the network. If based on beam switching, this indication can be more accurate than cell quality measurements performed by the WTRU.

[0112] For RLF, the WTRU (e.g., NR WTRU) can use counters and / or timers (such as counters N310, N311, and timer T310) to determine when an RLF is declared. For example, when a continuous OOS indication (N310) is detected from the physical layer, the WTRU can start a timer (e.g., T310). While T310 is running, the WTRU can attempt to resynchronize to the current cell. For example, if the physical layer sends a continuous IS indication (N311), the WTRU can stop T310 and consider itself to have returned to IS. If T310 expires before the physical layer sends an IS indication (N311), the WTRU can consider an RLF to have occurred. Furthermore, T310 can trigger an RRC re-establishment procedure.

[0113] When performing RLM using relaxed requirements, the WTRU may scale its OOS and IS indication periods accordingly, and therefore RLF detection may take longer. To address this and avoid network and / or WTRU performance issues, T310 can be scaled. For example, T310 can be scaled using the same scaling factor as DRX and / or indications to accommodate the same number of IS indications (e.g., timer T311) within the timer period T310. Additionally and alternatively, timer T310 can be maintained at the same value and / or counter N310 can be scaled down to accommodate OOS indications within the same amount of time, and can be used with either regular or relaxed requirements. The RLF condition can be scaled with counter N311 so that the number of IS indications required to satisfy the "RLF recovery" condition will be within the same T310 period, regardless of whether relaxed or regular monitoring requirements are used.

[0114] Additionally and alternatively, a WTRU that meets the RLF conditions while using relaxed requirements can avoid declaring an RLF at this time. Instead, such a WTRU can autonomously fall back to the normal operating mode for the RLM and / or restart the RLM timer and counter, and then the WTRU can only declare an RLF if the normal operating conditions for the RLF are met.

[0115] While this document references specific counters and / or timers, these references are for illustrative purposes only, and the methods and / or approaches described herein are generally applicable to any counter and / or timer.

[0116] For rollbacks related to relaxation features, in addition to signaling the RLM / BFD relaxation ready state and / or leaving the RLM / BFD relaxation state, the WTRU may automatically roll back to the normal RLM / BFD procedure based on one or more conditions. These conditions include, for example: network configuration of new measurements, network configuration of new measurements with gaps, cell activation and / or deactivation in the same cell group, and / or bandwidth partial activation or change; the WTRU receiving a new RLM / BFD relaxation configuration, wherein upon receiving a new RLM / BFD configuration, the WTRU may have to restart the procedure for entering the relaxation ready state; the WTRU detecting one or more OOS indications, and / or the WTRU detecting that the conditions for the RLM / BFD relaxation state are no longer met, and / or detecting an exit condition and returning to normal RLM / BFD operation. Additionally and alternatively, separate criteria may be used to enter and exit the relaxation state, for example, enabling the relaxation state if a threshold and hysteresis are met, and exiting the relaxation state if the threshold is below and / or there is no hysteresis. Additionally and alternatively, separate criteria such as TTT may be applied to enter into relaxation or reporting criteria upon immediate exit and / or rollback.

[0117] FIG. 3An exemplary flowchart 300 illustrating a method for relaxation operations is shown. At 302, the WTRU can be configured via RRC signaling to enable reporting of RLM / BFD relaxation. This configuration may include an indication of a SINR threshold for determining serving cell quality and / or a relative RSRP threshold and time period for determining low mobility. At 304, reporting criteria can be initialized and / or updated based on configuration and pre-determined rules to include serving cell quality and / or low mobility. At 306, the WTRU can continuously and / or periodically evaluate the reporting criteria until one or more of the reporting criteria are met. At 308, the WTRU can transmit an uplink indication of whether one or more criteria are met (e.g., in MAC CE). At 310, the WTRU can receive a downlink indication of whether the WTRU can relax its RLM / BFD requirements and / or how its RLM / BFD requirements can be relaxed (e.g., in MAC CE). At 312, the WTRU can determine whether the relaxation criteria are met. This may include the value of the DL indication, and / or may include indications of whether other criteria (e.g., serving cell quality and / or low mobility) are met. At 314, the WTRU may update the measurement requirements in use. Then, at 314, the WTRU may continue to update the reporting criteria based on the configuration and / or measurement requirements in use.

[0118] As described herein, a higher layer can refer to one or more layers in a protocol stack and / or a specific sublayer within the protocol stack. A protocol stack may include one or more layers of WTRUs and / or network nodes (e.g., eNB, gNB, other functional entities, etc.), where each layer may have one or more sublayers. Each layer and / or sublayer may be responsible for one or more functions. Each layer and / or sublayer may communicate directly and / or indirectly with one or more other layers and / or sublayers. In the examples, these layers and / or sublayers may be numbered, such as (e.g.) Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3. For example, Layer 3 may include one or more of the following: e.g., NAS, IP, and / or RRC. For example, Layer 2 may include one or more of the following: e.g., Packet Data Convergence Control (PDCP), RLC, and / or MAC. For example, Layer 3 may include Physical (PHY) layer type operations. The higher the layer number, the higher the layer is relative to other layers (e.g., Layer 3 is higher than Layer 1).

[0119] In the examples, the foregoing examples may refer to the layer and / or sublayer itself, regardless of the layer number, and may be referred to as a higher layer as described herein. For example, from highest to lowest, a higher layer may refer to one or more of the following layers / sublayers: for example, NAS layer, RRC layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer, and / or PHY layer. Any reference to a higher layer in connection with a process, device, or system herein may refer to a layer above that process, device, or system. In the examples, a reference to a higher layer herein may refer to a function or operation performed by one or more layers described herein. In the examples, a reference to a higher layer herein may refer to information sent and / or received by one or more layers described herein. In the examples, a reference to a higher layer herein may refer to configuration sent and / or received by one or more layers described herein.

[0120] FIG. 4 An exemplary flowchart illustrating process 400 is shown, which can be executed by a WTRU to determine measurements based on relaxation criteria, when to enter (or exit) a relaxation state, and how to report to the network and / or cell when the WTRU has entered (or exited) a relaxation state. At 402, the WTRU may receive configuration information. The configuration information may include any combination of measurement relaxation criteria for RLM or BDF (e.g., a first set of relaxation criteria), instructions to enable reporting to the cell, and / or prohibited time periods. After receiving the configuration information, at 404, the WTRU may perform measurements based on (e.g., using) the first set of relaxation criteria (e.g., a first evaluation cycle and / or a first periodicity). These measurements may include L3 RSRP measurement changes and / or related RS measurements for L3 RSRP measurements.

[0121] At 406, the WTRU can compare the measurement to one or more thresholds. Thresholds may include one or more of power thresholds and / or mobility thresholds (e.g., SINR threshold, RSRP threshold, RSSI threshold, RSRQ threshold, and / or low mobility criteria, such as RSRP changes within a specific time limit and / or cell change counts).

[0122] At 408, the WTRU may select a set of relaxation criteria (e.g., a first set of relaxation criteria or a second set of relaxation criteria) based on a comparison between a measurement performed using a first set of relaxation criteria and one or more thresholds. For example, if the measurement is above one or more thresholds, the WTRU may select the first set of relaxation criteria, and if the measurement is below one or more thresholds, the WTRU may select the second set of relaxation criteria. The second relaxation criteria may include a second assessment period and / or a second periodicity (e.g., it may differ from the first assessment period and / or the first periodicity). In some examples, the WTRU may use the first relaxation criteria when it is not in a measurement relaxation state, and may use the second relaxation criteria when it is in a measurement relaxation state, or vice versa.

[0123] At 410, the WTRU may perform a measurement based on a set of relaxation criteria selected at 408. At 412, the WTRU may compare the measurement performed at 410 with one or more thresholds, for example, to determine whether a change in relaxation state has occurred (e.g., allowing the WTRU to determine whether it has changed into or out of a measurement relaxation state). When the WTRU is in a measurement relaxation state, it may use different relaxation criteria compared to when it is not in a measurement relaxation state. At 414, the WTRU may determine, for example, based on the comparison performed at 412, whether it has changed its relaxation state. If the WTRU determines that the relaxation state has not changed, it may return to 410 and compare the measurement performed using the selected set of relaxation criteria with one or more thresholds.

[0124] If the WTRU determines that the relaxation state has changed, at 416, the WTRU can determine whether the prohibition period has expired (e.g., whether the prohibition timer is running). As described in more detail herein, the WTRU can be configured to start the prohibition timer based on the prohibition period received in the configuration information at 402. For example, the WTRU can be configured to start the prohibition timer in response to sending a report to the network (e.g., a UL report) indicating the WTRU's measurement relaxation state (e.g., whether the WTRU has entered or exited a measurement relaxation state), which may occur, for example, at 418. If the WTRU determines at 416 that the prohibition period has not yet expired, the WTRU can return to 410 and compare the measurement performed using the selected set of relaxation criteria with one or more thresholds.

[0125] If the WTRU determines that the prohibited period has expired, at point 418, the WTRU can send a report to the network that it has entered (or exited) a relaxed state. For example, if the WTRU determines that the prohibited period has expired, the WTRU can change its measurement relaxed state. In some examples, the WTRU can report a measurement relaxed state indication when the relaxed state has changed, status reporting is enabled, and / or the prohibited timer is not running. By notifying the network and / or cell when the WTRU has entered and / or exited a relaxed state, the network and / or cell can know when conditions are optimal and / or when the WTRU can react quickly or slowly.

[0126] At 420, after the WTRU sends a report, the WTRU can restart the prohibition timer. In the example, the WTRU can initiate a prohibition period when it sends a report (e.g., a UL report). In some examples, the WTRU can select a set of relaxation criteria for performing the measurement (e.g., selecting the first set of relaxation criteria when the WTRU is not in a relaxed state, or selecting the second set of relaxation criteria when the WTRU is in a relaxed state), and then return to 410. Using a prohibition period can, for example, prevent the WTRU from entering and exiting the relaxed state too frequently and / or reduce the number of reports (e.g., UL reports) that the WTRU sends to the network.

[0127] Although features and elements have been described above in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. Furthermore, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile optical discs (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor and a memory, the processor and memory being configured to: Receive configuration information indicating measurement relaxation criteria associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam fault detection (BFD) and the value of a prohibition timer associated with reporting measurement relaxation status; Based on the aforementioned measurement relaxation criteria, it is determined that the WTRU will operate in a measurement relaxation state; Based on the determination that the WTRU will operate in the measurement relaxation state, a first report indicating that the WTRU is operating in the measurement relaxation state is sent and the disable timer is started; Based on the aforementioned measurement relaxation criteria, it is determined that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU has changed; It has been determined that the timer is not running; Based on the determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and the determination that the disable timer is not running, a second report is sent, wherein the second report includes an indication of the changed measurement relaxation state; and Based on the determination that the WTRU will operate in the changed measurement relaxation state, the disable timer is started.

2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the first report and the second report each include a corresponding indication of the measurement relaxation state for each of the plurality of serving cells.

3. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein the configuration information is received in a first Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, the first report is sent in a second RRC message, and the second report is sent in a third RRC message.

4. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the measurement relaxation state is associated with a longer measurement evaluation period compared to the measurement evaluation period of the changed measurement relaxation state.

5. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the first report and the second report each include a corresponding indication of whether any out-of-step (OOS) indication was detected during the measurement relaxation state.

6. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor and memory are further configured as follows: The measurement relaxation state is determined based on the reference signal received power (RSRP) value exceeding a threshold.

7. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor and memory are further configured as follows: The measurement is performed based on the aforementioned measurement relaxation criteria.

8. The WTRU of claim 7, wherein the measurement includes a Layer 3 Reference Signal Received Power (L3 RSRP) measurement change or a correlated reference signal (RS) measurement for the L3 RSRP measurement.

9. The WTRU of claim 7, wherein the processor and memory are further configured as follows: The measurement is compared to one or more thresholds, including a signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio (SINR) threshold, a reference signal received power (RSRP) threshold, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) threshold, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) threshold, and / or low mobility criteria (e.g., RSRP variation within a specific time limit) and / or cell change count; and Based on the comparison, it is determined whether the WTRU has changed its measurement relaxation state.

10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor and memory are further configured as follows: Upon receiving a first activation command, the WTRU is instructed to begin performing radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam fault detection (BFD) after sending the first report; and Upon receiving a second activation command, the WTRU is instructed to begin performing radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam fault detection (BFD) after sending the second report.

11. A method implemented by a transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: Receive configuration information indicating measurement relaxation criteria associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam fault detection (BFD) and the value of a prohibition timer associated with reporting measurement relaxation status; Based on the aforementioned measurement relaxation criteria, it is determined that the WTRU will operate in a measurement relaxation state; Based on the determination that the WTRU will operate in the measurement relaxation state, a first report indicating that the WTRU is operating in the measurement relaxation state is sent and the disable timer is started; Based on the aforementioned measurement relaxation criteria, it is determined that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU has changed; It has been determined that the timer is not running; Based on the determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and the determination that the disable timer is not running, a second report is sent, wherein the second report includes an indication of the changed measurement relaxation state; and Based on the determination that the WTRU will operate in the changed measurement relaxation state, the disable timer is started.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first report and the second report each include a corresponding indication of the measurement relaxation state for each of the plurality of serving cells.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuration information is received in a first Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, the first report is sent in a second RRC message, and the second report is sent in a third RRC message.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the measurement relaxation state is associated with a longer measurement evaluation period compared to the measurement evaluation period of the changed measurement relaxation state.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the first report and the second report each include a corresponding indication of whether any out-of-step (OOS) indication was detected during the measurement relaxation state.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising: The measurement relaxation state is determined based on the reference signal received power (RSRP) value exceeding a threshold.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising: The measurement is performed based on the aforementioned measurement relaxation criteria.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the measurement includes a change in Layer 3 Reference Signal Received Power (L3 RSRP) measurement or a related reference signal (RS) measurement for the L3 RSRP measurement.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising: The measurement is compared to one or more thresholds, including a signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio (SINR) threshold, a reference signal received power (RSRP) threshold, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) threshold, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) threshold, and / or low mobility criteria (e.g., RSRP variation within a specific time limit) and / or cell change count; and Based on the comparison, it is determined whether the WTRU has changed its measurement relaxation state.

20. The method of claim 11, further comprising: Upon receiving a first activation command, the WTRU is instructed to begin performing radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam fault detection (BFD) after sending the first report. as well as Upon receiving a second activation command, the WTRU is instructed to begin performing radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam fault detection (BFD) after sending the second report.

21. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor and a memory, the processor and memory being configured to: Configuration information is received via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, wherein the configuration information includes one or more criteria; Send instructions based on one or more of the criteria; Receive the relaxation command via Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) signaling; as well as The measurement is performed based on the relaxation instruction.

22. The WTRU of claim 21, wherein the processor and memory are configured to receive the configuration information including relaxation parameters for performing the measurement.

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