Pasture seed pelleting seed coating agent and device matched with pH and gibberellin

Abstract

The invention discloses a pasture seed pelleting seed coating agent adaptive to pH and gibberellin and a device, and belongs to the technical field of pasture seed treatment. The seed coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60-75% of chestnut soil, 5-15% of organic sheep manure, 10-35% of activated carbon, a phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0-8.0) containing 0.1% of carbendazim and 0.5% of cane sugar, and gibberellin with the optimal concentration for target forage grass; the device is prepared by mixing the seed coating agent. The seed drifting problem is solved through chestnut soil weight increasing and cane sugar bonding, the phosphate buffer solution stabilizes the germination pH microenvironment, the carbendazim prevents and treats fungal diseases, the activated carbon retains water and reduces adversity stress, the gibberellin with the accurate concentration promotes germination, and the organic sheep manure provides continuous nutrients. Experiments prove that the seed coating agent and the device can reduce the drift rate of forage grass seeds to 0%, increase the germination rate to 88% or above, increase the rooting rate to 85% or above and increase the survival rate of seedlings to 82% or above, effectively overcome the defects in the prior art, meet the requirements of forage grass planting in alpine meadow areas, and have wide application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forage seed treatment and planting technology, specifically to a forage seed pelleting coating agent and device adapted to pH and gibberellin, which is specifically designed to solve problems such as wind drift, unstable germination microenvironment, and low germination rate of forage seeds in alpine meadow areas, and can be widely applied to the large-scale planting of various forage grasses. Background Technology

[0002] Forage seeds, due to their small size and light weight, are easily drifted by the wind during sowing, leading to uneven sowing and severely impacting subsequent yields. Furthermore, seed germination has strict requirements regarding the local pH microenvironment, hormone concentration, moisture conditions, and disease protection. Existing seed coating agents for forage seed pelleting mainly contain water-absorbing resins, brewer's residue, attapulgite, talc, plant growth hormones, humic acid soil, maifanite powder, bentonite, polyacrylamide, and nutrients required for seed germination. While these agents can alleviate seed drift to some extent and assist germination through the addition of plant hormones, they have significant drawbacks:

[0003] (1) The optimal hormone germination concentration was not precisely matched according to the biological characteristics of each forage seed, and the addition of general hormones could not achieve the best germination effect.

[0004] (2) The specific requirements of seed germination for local pH microenvironment were not considered, and pH fluctuations caused by factors such as decay residue in the soil could not be buffered, thus destroying germination conditions.

[0005] (3) Lacking targeted disease control ingredients, seeds are susceptible to fungal pathogens during germination;

[0006] (4) Insufficient water retention capacity makes it difficult to cope with drought stress in alpine meadow areas, resulting in seed stress damage and low germination and rooting rates.

[0007] In alpine meadow areas, the soil pH value is stable between 6.0 and 8.0. Existing seed coating agents cannot accurately adapt to the pH requirements of this environment, and the blind addition of hormone concentrations further limits the germination potential of forage seeds. There is an urgent need for an integrated technical solution that can simultaneously solve drift, pH adaptation, precise hormone supply, disease control and water retention. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention aims to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of existing forage seed pelleting and coating technologies, and provides a forage seed pelleting coating agent and device adapted to pH and gibberellin, specifically achieving the following objectives:

[0009] Increasing the weight of pasture seeds completely solves the problem of wind drift during sowing, ensuring uniform sowing.

[0010] To construct a stable local microenvironment with pH that is compatible with the soil in alpine meadow areas, and to avoid the adverse effects of pH fluctuations on seed germination;

[0011] The optimal gibberellin concentration is precisely matched for each type of forage seed to maximize seed germination speed and germination rate;

[0012] Effectively prevents fungal pathogen infection during seed germination and reduces disease losses;

[0013] It enhances the water retention capacity of the coating, reduces abiotic stress during seed germination, and improves rooting rate and seedling survival rate.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0015] A pH- and gibberellin-adapted forage seed pelleting coating agent, comprising, by weight:

[0016] 60-75% chestnut soil, 5-15% organic sheep manure, 10-35% activated carbon, as well as phosphate buffer and gibberellin;

[0017] The phosphate buffer contains 0.1% carbendazim and 0.5% sucrose by mass, and the pH value of the phosphate buffer is 6.0-8.0; the concentration of the gibberellin is the optimal germination concentration determined by laboratory gradient tests for the target forage seeds.

[0018] Preferably, the chestnut soil is mainly composed of fine sand and silt, with the total proportion of fine sand and silt being ≥90%.

[0019] Preferably, the gibberellin concentration ranges from 2.0 to 4.0 mmol / L; wherein the gibberellin concentration for *Gnaphalium affine* is 3 mmol / L and the gibberellin concentration for *Leymus chinensis* is 2.5 mmol / L.

[0020] Preferred,

[0021] By weight, the content of chestnut calcareous soil is 65-70%, the content of organic sheep manure is 8-12%, and the content of activated carbon is 18-25%.

[0022] Preferably, the organic sheep manure is pure sheep manure that has undergone composting treatment and has no added impurities.

[0023] A pelleting device for forage seeds adapted to pH and gibberellin, made by mixing and stirring the seed coating agent according to any one of claims 1-5, is used to pelletize and encapsulate forage seeds, with pellet diameter of 2-3 mm.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] (1) The drift problem is completely solved: The coating structure with chestnut calcium soil as the main body, combined with the binding effect of sucrose, forms stable and appropriately weighted pelleted seeds. There is no wind drift during sowing, and the drift rate is reduced to 0%, ensuring sowing uniformity.

[0026] (2) Stable and controllable pH microenvironment: The phosphate buffer solution is precisely adapted to the soil pH in the alpine meadow area, effectively avoiding pH fluctuations and providing stable acid-base conditions for seed germination, thus solving the defect that the existing technology cannot adapt to specific pH environments.

[0027] (3) Significantly improved germination efficiency: The optimal concentration of gibberellin added in a targeted manner can maximize the promotion of seed germination. Compared with existing technologies, the germination rate is increased by more than 30%, and the germination speed is accelerated by 2-3 days.

[0028] (4) Targeted disease protection: The addition of 0.1% carbendazim effectively inhibits fungal pathogen infection and reduces seed rot rate by more than 80%.

[0029] (5) Excellent water retention capacity: The water retention effect of activated carbon stabilizes the water change around the seeds, significantly reduces drought stress, and increases the rooting rate by more than 40%.

[0030] (6) Continuous and stable nutrient supply: Organic sheep manure provides natural nutrients, eliminating the need for additional seedling fertilizer, reducing planting costs, and improving soil structure. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in more detail and in a more complete manner.

[0032] This invention provides a seed coating agent and device for pelleting pasture seeds that is adapted to pH and gibberellin, characterized in that:

[0033] 1. Seed coating agent formulation (by weight)

[0034] The seed coating agent of the present invention is composed of the following components, which work synergistically to achieve the above-mentioned objective:

[0035] Chestnut soil 60-75%: mainly composed of fine sand and silt, serving as the main coating material, increases the overall weight of the seeds through its own weight, thus solving the drift problem at its source; at the same time, it has good air permeability and does not affect seed respiration;

[0036] Organic sheep manure 5-15%: It is a natural organic fertilizer, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, which can provide a continuous supply of nutrients for seed germination and early seedling growth, and improve soil fertility.

[0037] Activated carbon 10-35%: It has extremely strong adsorption and water retention properties, which can adsorb and lock in the moisture around the seeds, maintain stable water during the germination period, and reduce drought stress; at the same time, it can adsorb some harmful impurities in the soil and optimize the growth microenvironment.

[0038] Phosphate buffer: As a pH adjustment medium, it is precisely configured to a pH value of 6.0-8.0 to maintain consistency with the pH environment of the soil in alpine meadow areas. It effectively buffers the pH fluctuations of the soil around the seeds caused by factors such as decay residue, and stabilizes the acid-base conditions required for germination.

[0039] Carbendazim: Added at a mass fraction of 0.1% to phosphate buffer solution, it is specifically designed to prevent and control fungal diseases that are prone to occur during seed germination, reducing the probability of pathogen infection.

[0040] Sucrose: Adding it to phosphate buffer at a mass fraction of 0.5% can significantly improve the cohesiveness of chestnut soil, allowing the coating components to bind tightly and evenly coat the seeds, ensuring the shape and stability of the pellet coating, and preventing the coating from falling off before sowing.

[0041] Gibberellin: Based on the characteristics of the target forage seeds, the optimal germination concentration is determined through laboratory gradient tests. For example, the optimal concentration for goosegrass is 3 mmol / L, and the optimal concentration for crested wheatgrass is 2.5 mmol / L, to ensure that the hormone effect is maximized and promotes rapid seed germination.

[0042] 2. Pelletizing device

[0043] The pelletizing device of the present invention is made by mixing the above-mentioned seed coating agent, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0044] The first step is to weigh chestnut soil, organic sheep manure, and activated carbon according to the weight ratio, put them into a mixing device and mix for 30 minutes to ensure that the solid components are evenly dispersed;

[0045] The second step is to prepare a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 6.0-8.0 by adding 0.1% carbendazim and 0.5% sucrose and stirring until completely dissolved.

[0046] The third step is to slowly add the prepared buffer solution to the solid mixture while stirring to form a uniform paste matrix.

[0047] The fourth step involves adding the optimal concentration of gibberellin for the target forage grass to the paste matrix and stirring for another 20 minutes to ensure uniform distribution of the gibberellin. This results in a device for pelleting and coating forage grass seeds, which can be used to directly coat forage grass seeds using conventional pelleting equipment.

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] Granulation treatment of Goosegrass seeds

[0050] Seed coating agent preparation:

[0051] First, raw materials are screened and pretreated. Chestnut soil is collected from the top 0-20cm layer of soil in alpine meadow areas. After natural drying until the moisture content is ≤15%, it is sieved through a 20-mesh sieve to remove impurities such as stones and grass roots, ensuring that the total proportion of fine sand and silt is ≥90%. Organic sheep manure is made from pure sheep manure through composting and fermentation for 60 days. During the fermentation process, the temperature is controlled at 55-65℃, and the pile is turned every 20 days for a total of 3 times. After decomposition, it is sieved through a 10-mesh sieve to remove undecomposed impurities, ensuring full release of nutrients and no pathogen residue. Activated carbon is made from wood, with a particle size controlled at 50-100 mesh and a specific surface area ≥1000m². 2 / g, to ensure excellent adsorption and water retention performance; by weight, take 70% of pretreated chestnut soil, 10% of well-rotted organic sheep manure, and 20% of wood-based activated carbon, and put them into a horizontal mixer at 60 r / min and mix for 30 minutes. During the mixing process, stop the machine every 10 minutes to check and ensure that the solid components are evenly dispersed and free of lumps; then prepare a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 7.0, accurately weigh the total mass of the buffer solution, add carbendazim technical grade at a ratio of 0.1% and sucrose at a ratio of 0.5%, and place it on a magnetic stirrer to... Stir at 300 rpm for 20 minutes until carbendazim and sucrose are completely dissolved; slowly add the prepared buffer solution to the solid mixture at a rate of 5 mL / min while stirring continuously for 15 minutes to form a uniform paste matrix; finally, according to the optimal germination requirements of *Gnaphalium affine*, add 3 mmol / L gibberellin and continue stirring for 20 minutes. During this period, use sampling to ensure that gibberellin is evenly distributed in the matrix and that there are no local concentrations that are too high or too low, and finally obtain the *Gnaphalium affine* seed coating agent (granulation device);

[0052] Seed treatment:

[0053] Select plump, healthy *Gnaphalium affine* seeds with a thousand-seed weight ≥2.8g, free from damage and pests. Sun-dry the seeds for 4 hours before use. Place the seeds in a drum pelleting machine, set the drum speed to 40 rpm, and turn on the spraying system to evenly spray the seed coating agent onto the seed surface at a pressure of 0.3 MPa. Use an infrared sensor to monitor the seed coating thickness in real time, controlling the pellet diameter to remain stable at 2-3 mm. After coating, spread the pelleted seeds flat in a well-ventilated, shady place to air-dry naturally, turning them twice daily until the moisture content is ≤12%. Avoid direct sunlight and high temperature and humidity environments during this period to prevent seed coating cracking or seed mold. The final product is qualified pelleted *Gnaphalium affine* seeds.

[0054] Comparative experiment:

[0055] Control group: The seeds of *Gnaphalium affine* were treated with the same pelleting process using existing conventional seed dressing agents (containing 30% attapulgite, 20% talc, 10% humic acid soil, 5% general-purpose plant growth hormone, and 35% other fillers).

[0056] Experimental group: Seeds of *Gnaphalium affine* treated with the seed dressing agent of this invention; both groups of seeds were sown simultaneously in an experimental field in an alpine meadow area at an altitude of 3200m, with alpine meadow soil type, pH value 7.2, and an average daily temperature of 12-18℃ and average daily humidity of 55-65% during the experiment. The sowing density was 30g / m² for both groups. 2 Sow in rows with a row spacing of 20cm and a sowing depth of 2cm. Maintain natural rainfall conditions during the planting period, supplementing with water once a week at a rate of 5L / m² each time. 2 To ensure that the soil moisture content is maintained at 15-20%, no weeding or fertilization is carried out throughout the process, simulating a natural planting environment;

[0057] The relevant statistical indicators are as follows:

[0058] Drift rate 24 hours after sowing: Using the quadrat method, five 1m×1m quadrats were randomly selected from each of the two experimental areas, and the number of seeds drifting outside the quadrats was counted. The drift rate of the control group was 18%, and the drift rate of the experimental group was 0%.

[0059] Germination rate 7 days after sowing: Germination was defined as the radicle breaking through the seed coat by ≥2mm. The germination rate was recorded at 10:00 AM every day. The germination rate of the control group was 65%, and the germination rate of the experimental group was 92%.

[0060] Rooting rate 15 days after sowing: The standard was that the root length was ≥1cm and the number of fibrous roots was ≥3. 100 seedlings were randomly selected from each group for measurement. The rooting rate of the control group was 58% and the rooting rate of the experimental group was 89%.

[0061] Seedling survival rate 30 days after sowing: The proportion of seedlings that survived with fully expanded leaves and no disease symptoms out of the total number of sown seedlings was counted. The survival rate of the control group was 52%, and the survival rate of the experimental group was 85%.

[0062] Example 2:

[0063] Pelletization of Leymus chinensis seeds

[0064] Seed coating agent preparation:

[0065] By weight, 65% of pretreated chestnut soil (treated in the same way as in Example 1), 12% of well-rotted organic sheep manure, and 23% of wood-based activated carbon were placed in a horizontal mixer and mixed at 60 rpm for 30 minutes. A phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 6.5 was prepared by adding 0.1% carbendazim and 0.5% sucrose and stirring until dissolved. A gibberellin concentration screening test was conducted on *Elymus sibiricum*: six concentration gradients of 1.0 mmol / L, 1.5 mmol / L, 2.0 mmol / L, 2.5 mmol / L, 3.0 mmol / L, and 3.5 mmol / L were set up, with three replicates for each gradient. Each replicate contained 100 *Elymus sibiricum* seeds, which were cultured in an incubator (temperature 20℃, humidity 60%, light 12h / d). The number of germinations was recorded daily, and the germination potential (48h germination rate) and germination rate (7-day germination rate) were calculated. The results showed that at a concentration of 2.5 mmol / L, the germination potential of *Elymus sibiricum* reached 52% and the germination rate reached 91%, which was significantly higher than other concentrations. Therefore, this concentration was determined to be the optimal gibberellin concentration for *Elymus sibiricum*. This concentration of gibberellin was added to the above buffer solution and stirred with the solid mixture to form a uniform paste-like seed coating agent.

[0066] Seed treatment:

[0067] Select plump, undamaged seeds of Leymus chinensis and encapsulate them using the pelleting process described in Example 1 (drum speed 40 r / min, spraying pressure 0.3 MPa, pellet diameter 2-3 mm). Dry them until the moisture content is ≤12% before use.

[0068] Comparative experiment results: Pelleted crested wheatgrass seeds were sown in the same experimental field as in Example 1, with the same sowing density and planting management methods. The statistical results are as follows:

[0069] Drift rate: Detected using the sampling method, the drift rate is 0%;

[0070] Germination rate in 7 days: Based on the same germination standard, the germination rate is 88%.

[0071] Rooting rate after 15 days: 100 seedlings were randomly selected for measurement, and the rooting rate was 85%.

[0072] 30-day seedling survival rate: 82%. The control group was treated with existing conventional seed coating agents, with a germination rate of 62%, a rooting rate of 55%, and a survival rate of 48%. All indicators of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group, which fully demonstrates the adaptability and excellent effect of the seed coating agent and device of this invention on different forage seeds.

[0073] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A seed coating agent for pasture seeds adapted to pH and gibberellin, characterized in that, By weight, including: 60-75% chestnut soil, 5-15% organic sheep manure, 10-35% activated carbon, as well as phosphate buffer and gibberellin; The phosphate buffer contains 0.1% carbendazim and 0.5% sucrose by mass, and the pH value of the phosphate buffer is 6.0-8.0; the concentration of the gibberellin is the optimal germination concentration determined by laboratory gradient tests for the target forage seeds.

2. The seed coating agent for pasture seeds adapted to pH and gibberellin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chestnut soil is mainly composed of fine sand and silt, with the total proportion of fine sand and silt being ≥90%.

3. The seed coating agent for pasture seeds adapted to pH and gibberellin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gibberellin concentration range is 2.0-4.0 mmol / L; wherein the gibberellin concentration for *Gnaphalium affine* is 3 mmol / L and the gibberellin concentration for *Leymus chinensis* is 2.5 mmol / L.

4. The seed coating agent for pasture seeds adapted to pH and gibberellin according to claim 1, characterized in that: By weight, the content of chestnut calcareous soil is 65-70%, the content of organic sheep manure is 8-12%, and the content of activated carbon is 18-25%.

5. The seed coating agent for pasture seeds adapted to pH and gibberellin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic sheep manure is pure sheep manure that has undergone decomposition treatment and contains no added impurities.

6. A pelleting device for forage seeds adapted to pH and gibberellin, characterized in that, The seed coating agent described in any one of claims 1-5 is prepared by mixing and stirring, and is used to pelletize and coat forage seeds, with the pellet diameter being 2-3 mm.