Self-powered electrical stimulation biomimetic intervertebral disc

Abstract

The application relates to a self-powered electric stimulation bionic intervertebral disc, belonging to the technical field of implant medical instruments, which comprises an upper end plate, an intervertebral disc core and a lower end plate; the intervertebral disc core comprises an annulus fibrosus, a nucleus pulposus and a collagen fiber transition area; the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition area is provided with honeycomb-shaped holes for contact and separation with the nucleus pulposus to generate electric energy and promote bone tissue fusion; the application generates the electric energy phenomenon according to the friction nanometer generator mechanism; under the influence of the human body multidirectional movement characteristics, the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc core slightly contacts the honeycomb-shaped holes in the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition area due to pressure, contact and separation between the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition area and the nucleus pulposus generates electric energy; the electric signal can activate the bone cell activity, optimize the bone integration microenvironment, promote the exchange of nutrients and the growth and fusion of bone cells, and significantly reduce the risks of postoperative subsidence, loosening and other complications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of implantable medical device technology, and in particular to a self-powered, electrically stimulated bionic intervertebral disc. Background Technology

[0002] Low back pain caused by intervertebral disc degeneration has become a global public health challenge. Artificial disc replacement surgery has become one of the effective clinical treatment options due to its advantage of preserving lumbar segmental motion. Literature review shows that traditional artificial disc prostheses differ fundamentally from natural discs in terms of structure, materials, and function. For example, traditional artificial disc prostheses often employ restrictive structures and mainly use non-biomimetic and single-material combinations, resulting in homogeneous stiffness and limitations in their biomechanical adaptability and long-term stability. In recent years, biomimetic discs inspired by natural discs have developed rapidly and become an important direction in disc prosthesis research and development. These biomimetic discs, to a certain extent, simulate and reproduce the structure and mechanical properties of natural discs, and significantly improve their compatibility with the three-dimensional physiological motion of the spinal segments after implantation.

[0003] However, in lumbar disc replacement, existing bionic discs are mainly connected and fixed to the human vertebrae through tooth-like processes on the upper and lower endplates. Although the surface of the endplate processes is often coated with a coating (such as hydroxyapatite coating) to promote osseointegration between the bionic disc and the vertebrae, bone growth at the interface between the two is generally slow and ineffective. As a result, the bionic disc is difficult to anchor stably to the vertebrae, ultimately leading to postoperative complications such as subsidence and loosening.

[0004] Electrical stimulation technology, as an important biophysical regulator and a non-pharmacological intervention in clinical settings, has shown great potential in the medical field. This technology has the ability to significantly influence cell activity and promote tissue repair, which is crucial for promoting bone cell fusion after biomimetic intervertebral disc implantation, thereby improving disc stability. Traditional electrical stimulation therapy relies on bulky equipment and specific instruments, reducing patient comfort and limiting personalized treatment, thus hindering its further clinical application. In recent years, the emergence of self-powered technologies, primarily triboelectric nanogenerators, has opened up new possibilities for the implantable application of electrical stimulation medical devices. These technologies can directly convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, achieving self-sufficiency and utilization of energy.

[0005] The invention patent CN118902703B, entitled "Personalized Self-Monitoring Intelligent Bionic Intervertebral Disc for In-Vitro Motion and Stress Status," discloses an intelligent bionic intervertebral disc capable of real-time continuous monitoring (including changes in direction, angle, and external load). Inspired by this invention, and based on the development of a novel artificial intervertebral disc with characteristics close to those of a natural intervertebral disc, this invention endows it with an endogenous electric field, thus developing a self-powered electrically stimulated bionic intervertebral disc. This has significant scientific and clinical value for the short-term rehabilitation process and long-term motion stability of patients after intervertebral disc surgery, and can further promote bone tissue integration between the bionic intervertebral disc and the human body interface. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that existing bionic intervertebral discs still have complications such as sinking and loosening after intervertebral disc replacement surgery, and to provide a self-powered electrical stimulation bionic intervertebral disc.

[0007] A self-powered, electrically stimulated bionic intervertebral disc includes a superior endplate, a disc core, and a inferior endplate.

[0008] The upper end plate is provided with upper end plate fixing teeth.

[0009] The intervertebral disc core includes the annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and collagen fiber transition zone; the annulus fibrosus, as the outer structure of the intervertebral disc core, forms a closed inner cavity; the collagen fiber transition zone is ring-shaped and serves as the middle layer structure of the intervertebral disc core, embedded in the inner cavity of the annulus fibrosus; the nucleus pulposus is embedded inside the ring-shaped collagen fiber transition zone, mimicking the elasticity of a natural nucleus pulposus.

[0010] The fiber ring is composed of a collagen fiber matrix layer and collagen fibers; the collagen fiber matrix layer has several staggered fiber pores arranged longitudinally at an angle, and the collagen fibers are cylindrical and arranged at an angle in the fiber pores of the collagen fiber matrix layer, with the inclination directions of adjacent rows of collagen fibers being opposite.

[0011] The inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone is provided with honeycomb-like pores, which are used to generate electrical energy through contact and separation with the nucleus pulposus, thereby promoting bone tissue fusion.

[0012] The collagen fiber matrix layer and the transition zone between collagen fibers are 3D printed.

[0013] The lower endplate is provided with lower endplate fixing teeth.

[0014] The cross-sections of the superior endplate, intervertebral disc core, and inferior endplate are "D" shaped.

[0015] The honeycomb-shaped pores on the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone are divided into three groups. The first group of pores is located at the front end of the D-shaped inner wall, the second group of pores is located on both sides of the D-shaped inner wall, and the third group of pores is located at the rear end of the D-shaped inner wall. The diameter and depth of the first, second, and third groups of pores decrease sequentially.

[0016] The collagen fibers, collagen fiber matrix layer and collagen fiber transition zone are printed in order of decreasing hardness, providing mechanical support for the contact and separation between the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone and the nucleus pulposus.

[0017] The upper and lower end plates are made of electrically rigid materials.

[0018] The upper and lower endplates are made of medical-grade titanium alloy (TC4) or copper.

[0019] The first group of holes has a side length of 1.2 mm and a depth of 2.0 mm; the second group of holes has a side length of 1.0 mm and a depth of 1.5 mm; and the third group of holes has a side length of 0.8 mm and a depth of 1.0 mm.

[0020] The collagen fiber matrix layer and the transition region between collagen fibers are prepared using polymer materials.

[0021] The nucleus pulposus is prepared using a conductive hydrogel material.

[0022] The working process and working principle of this invention:

[0023] The present invention is based on the phenomenon of generating electrical energy by triboelectric nanogenerator. Under the influence of the multi-directional movement characteristics of the human body, such as flexion, extension, lateral bending, torsion, and compression, the intervertebral disc generates electrical energy through the contact separation between the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone and the nucleus pulposus.

[0024] When the human body is in a stable state, such as at rest, standing, or sitting, the superior endplate, intervertebral disc core, and inferior endplate of this invention are subjected to vertical pressure from the body's own weight, causing the intervertebral disc core to compress and deform, subsequently maintaining a stable structural shape. During this process, the nucleus pulposus within the intervertebral disc core, due to pressure, makes slight contact with the honeycomb-like pores on the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone. Based on the principle of triboelectric nano-power generation, electron transfer occurs at the contact interface, forming an initial potential difference. When the overall structure is in a stable state, the charge between the nucleus pulposus and the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone reaches electrostatic equilibrium. At this time, the voltage signal remains constant, providing a basic electric field environment for subsequent dynamic power generation.

[0025] When the human body enters a state of activity, and the spine undergoes multi-directional movements such as flexion, extension, lateral bending, twisting, and compression, external dynamic loads continuously act on the superior and inferior endplates, causing alternating compression and rebound deformation of the intervertebral disc core. This macroscopic deformation drives contact-separation movements between the nucleus pulposus and the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone. The honeycomb-like pores of different sizes and depths on the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone form differentiated contact areas with the nucleus pulposus depending on the angle and force of the movement. Based on the coupling effect of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction, electrons continuously transfer during the contact-separation process, forming a stable potential difference and outputting a continuous electrical signal. In this process, the greater the mechanical force generated by the spinal movement, the larger the contact area between the nucleus pulposus and the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone, thus generating a stronger induced potential difference.

[0026] Meanwhile, the tilted support structure formed by integrated 3D printing of collagen fibers provides stable mechanical support for the contact-separation movement of the nucleus pulposus and collagen fiber transition zone, ensuring the continuous and stable triboelectric generation process during complex spinal movements. The superior and inferior endplates, made of medical-grade titanium alloy (TC4) or copper, utilize their electrical conductivity to rapidly transmit the triboelectric signals to the osteointegration interface between the endplate and the vertebral body. These electrical signals, acting as biophysical regulators, effectively activate osteocyte activity, improve the microenvironment of the osteointegration interface, thereby enhancing the connection stability between the biomimetic intervertebral disc and the vertebral body and reducing the risk of postoperative complications such as subsidence and loosening.

[0027] The electrical energy generated in this process originates entirely from the mechanical energy produced during the movement of the human spine, achieving self-sufficiency in energy supply without relying on external power supply equipment. The superior and inferior endplates serve as the carriers of electrical signals, creating a stable structural foundation for electrical stimulation to promote osseointegration. The integrated printing design of the collagen fiber matrix layer, collagen fiber transition zone, and collagen fibers according to a hardness gradient ensures both the structural flexibility required for triboelectric power generation and the overall mechanical load-bearing capacity of the intervertebral disc core, achieving a synergistic unity between self-powered power generation and the spinal mechanical support function.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] 1. This invention utilizes the contact-separation motion between the nucleus pulposus and the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone to generate triboelectricity. The resulting electrical signal is directly conducted to the osseointegration interface through the conductive upper and lower endplates, specifically addressing postoperative integration defects between the endplate and vertebral bone in existing bionic intervertebral discs. This electrical signal activates osteocyte activity, optimizes the osseointegration microenvironment, promotes nutrient exchange and osteocyte growth and fusion, and significantly reduces the risk of postoperative complications such as subsidence and loosening. Compared to traditional bionic intervertebral discs that coat the surface of the endplate protrusions with a coating (such as a hydroxyapatite coating), this invention offers significant advantages in improving long-term stability.

[0030] 2. The electrical energy of this invention is entirely derived from the mechanical energy generated by the movement of the human spine (flexion, extension, lateral bending, twisting, and compression). The energy is converted through the friction between the nucleus pulposus and the collagen fiber transition zone, without the need for an additional power source or chemical battery.

[0031] 3. This invention has good biocompatibility, low manufacturing cost, simple and readily available materials, easy personalization, simple process steps, and is convenient for large-scale production and clinical application. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the intervertebral disc core structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the transition zone between the fibrous ring and collagen fiber in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the fiber ring and the collagen fiber transition zone in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram from another angle showing the combination of the fiber ring and the collagen fiber transition zone in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the collagen fiber transition zone in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a top view of the collagen fiber transition zone in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a planar unfolded view of the collagen fiber transition zone in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional unfolded view of the collagen fiber transition zone of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 10 This is a bottom view illustrating the structure of the final plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 11 The figure shows the peak voltage fitting curves under different loads in Experiment 1.

[0043] Figure 12 The graph shows a comparison of the linear fitting relationship between the implantation time and loosening rate of the embodiment of the present invention and the intelligent bionic intervertebral disc prepared according to the prior art document CN118902703B in Experiment 2. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Please see Figures 1 to 10The image shown is an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] A self-powered, electrically stimulated bionic intervertebral disc includes a superior endplate 1, a disc core 2, and a inferior endplate 3. The cross-sections of the superior endplate 1, the disc core 2, and the inferior endplate 3 are D-shaped.

[0046] The upper endplate 1 is provided with an upper endplate fixing tooth 11 for connecting and fixing with the adjacent cone; the lower endplate 3 is provided with a lower endplate fixing tooth 31; both the upper endplate 1 and the lower endplate 3 are made of medical titanium alloy (TC4).

[0047] The intervertebral disc core 2 includes annulus fibrosus 21, nucleus pulposus 22, and collagen fiber transition zone 23. The annulus fibrosus 21 serves as the outer structure of the intervertebral disc core 2, forming a closed inner cavity. The collagen fiber transition zone 23 is ring-shaped and serves as the middle layer structure of the intervertebral disc core 2, embedded in the inner cavity of the annulus fibrosus 21. The nucleus pulposus 22 is embedded inside the ring-shaped collagen fiber transition zone 23, simulating the elasticity of a natural nucleus pulposus. The nucleus pulposus 22 is prepared using a conductive hydrogel, which uses gelatin as a matrix and is doped with 0.8% graphene and 6% MFC (microfibrillated cellulose), possessing good conductivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical resilience.

[0048] The fiber ring 21 is composed of a collagen fiber matrix layer 211 and collagen fibers 212. The collagen fiber matrix layer 211 has several longitudinally inclined, staggered fiber pores. The collagen fibers 212 are cylindrical and obliquely arranged within the fiber pores of the collagen fiber matrix layer 211, with adjacent rows of collagen fibers 212 having opposite inclination directions. The collagen fibers 212 are cylindrical and obliquely arranged within the collagen fiber matrix layer 211. The collagen fibers 212, collagen fiber matrix layer 211, and collagen fiber transition zone 23 are printed in descending order of hardness, providing mechanical support for the contact and separation between the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone 23 and the nucleus pulposus 22. The collagen fiber matrix layer 211, collagen fibers 212, and collagen fiber transition zone 23 are 3D printed using soft rubber as the printing material.

[0049] The inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone 23 is provided with honeycomb-like pores for contact and separation with the nucleus pulposus 22 to generate electrical energy, thereby promoting bone tissue fusion. The honeycomb-like pores on the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone 23 are divided into three groups: the diameter and depth of the first group of pores 231, the second group of pores 232, and the third group of pores 233 decrease sequentially. The first group of pores 231 is located at the front end of the D-shaped inner wall, with a side length of 1.2 mm and a depth of 2.0 mm; the second group of pores 232 is located on both sides of the D-shaped inner wall, with a side length of 1.0 mm and a depth of 1.5 mm; and the third group of pores 233 is located at the rear end of the D-shaped inner wall, with a side length of 0.8 mm and a depth of 1.0 mm. The gradient design of the size and density of the honeycomb-like pores adapts to the differences in stress intensity in different areas of the spine, ensuring stable generation of electrical signals during movement in all directions.

[0050] When the human body is in a stable state, such as at rest, standing, or sitting, the upper endplate 1, intervertebral disc core 2, and lower endplate 3 of this invention are subjected to vertical pressure from the body's own weight, causing the intervertebral disc core 2 to undergo compression deformation, and subsequently maintain a stable structural shape. During this process, the nucleus pulposus 22 (conductive hydrogel material) within the intervertebral disc core 2 comes into slight contact with the honeycomb-like pores on the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone 23 due to pressure. Based on the principle of triboelectric nano-power generation, electron transfer occurs between the contact interface between the surface of the nucleus pulposus 22 and the inner wall of the pores, forming an initial potential difference. When the overall structure is in a stable state, the charge between the nucleus pulposus 22 and the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone 23 reaches electrostatic equilibrium. At this time, the voltage signal remains constant, providing a basic electric field environment for subsequent dynamic power generation.

[0051] When the human body enters an active state, and the spine undergoes multi-directional movements such as flexion, extension, lateral bending, twisting, and compression, external dynamic loads continuously act on the superior endplate 1 and inferior endplate 3, causing alternating compression and rebound deformation of the intervertebral disc core 2. This macroscopic deformation drives high-frequency contact-separation movements between the nucleus pulposus 22 and the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone 23. The three sets of honeycomb-like pores of different sizes, depths, and densities (the first set of pores 231, the second set of pores 232, and the third set of pores 233) on the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone 23 will form differentiated contact areas with the nucleus pulposus 22 as the angle and force of spinal movement change. Based on the coupling effect of triboelectricity and electrostatic induction, electrons are continuously transferred during the contact-separation process, forming a stable potential difference and outputting a continuous electrical signal. During this process, the greater the mechanical force generated by the spinal movement, the larger the contact area between the nucleus pulposus 22 and the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone 23, the more charge is transferred, and thus a stronger induced potential difference is generated. The intensity of the electrical signal is linearly proportional to the external load currently applied to the intervertebral disc.

[0052] Meanwhile, the collagen fibers 212 are arranged at an angle with adjacent rows facing opposite directions. Through an integrated 3D-printed stable support structure, this provides reliable mechanical support for the contact-separation movement of the nucleus pulposus 22 and the collagen fiber transition zone 23, preventing excessive structural deformation due to excessive spinal movement and ensuring continuous and stable triboelectric power generation during complex spinal movements. The superior endplate 1 and inferior endplate 3, made of medical-grade titanium alloy (TC4), with their excellent conductivity, become highly efficient carriers of electrical signals, rapidly transmitting the friction-generated electrical signals to the osteointegration interface between the endplate and the vertebral body. These pulsed electrical signals, as biophysical regulators, effectively activate the proliferation and differentiation activity of osteoblasts, improve the microenvironment of the osteointegration interface, thereby enhancing the connection stability between the biomimetic intervertebral disc and the vertebral body and reducing the risk of postoperative complications such as subsidence and loosening.

[0053] The electrical energy generated throughout the entire power generation process originates entirely from the mechanical energy generated during the movement of the human spine, achieving self-sufficiency in energy supply without relying on external power supply equipment or implanted batteries, thus avoiding the risk of needing a second surgery to replace the power source. The fixation teeth (upper endplate fixation teeth 11 and lower endplate fixation teeth 31) set on the surfaces of the upper endplate 1 and lower endplate 3 can further enhance the initial fixation effect of the intervertebral disc between the vertebrae, creating a stable structural foundation for electrical stimulation to promote osseointegration. The integrated printing design of collagen fibers 212, collagen fiber matrix layer 211, and collagen fiber transition zone 23 according to a hardness gradient from large to small ensures both the structural deformation flexibility required for triboelectric power generation and the overall mechanical load-bearing capacity of the intervertebral disc core 2, achieving a synergistic unity between self-powered power generation and spinal mechanical support function.

[0054] Experiment 1

[0055] Please see Figure 11 The self-powered, electrically stimulated, bionic intervertebral disc prepared in the above embodiments was placed into an artificial prosthesis, and an external load was applied. By changing the load, the peak voltage generated by the self-powered, electrically stimulated, bionic intervertebral disc was measured, and the trend of peak voltage change with load was analyzed using software fitting. The results show that the self-powered, electrically stimulated, bionic intervertebral disc can indeed generate electrical energy, and the peak voltage changes linearly with load, thereby achieving the function of promoting bone tissue closure.

[0056] Experiment 2

[0057] Please see Figure 12To compare the stability differences between the self-powered electrically stimulated bionic intervertebral disc prepared in the above embodiments and the self-detecting intelligent bionic intervertebral disc prepared according to reference document CN118902703B after implantation in the human body, the following experiment was conducted: Both intervertebral discs were placed into artificial prostheses, and repeated movements such as flexion, extension, lateral bending, torsion, and compression of the human body were simulated by applying external loads. Software fitting analysis was used to analyze the changes in the prosthesis loosening and subsidence rates over time. The results showed that the loosening rate of the self-powered electrically stimulated bionic intervertebral disc was significantly lower than that of the self-detecting intelligent bionic intervertebral disc. This experiment used a proportionality index, i.e., the proportion of samples that experienced loosening and subsidence out of the total sample size.

[0058] R² is an indicator used to measure the goodness of fit of linear regression, with a value between 0 and 1. The closer the value is to 1, the closer the data points are to the fitted straight line, the stronger the explanatory power of the independent variable (implantation time) on the dependent variable (loosening rate), and the more significant the linear trend. The closer the value is to 0, the more scattered the data points are and the weaker the linear relationship.

[0059] In Experiment 1, the closer the value is to 1, the closer the data points are to the fitted straight line, the stronger the explanatory power of the independent variable (load) on the dependent variable (voltage), and the more significant the linear trend; the closer the value is to 0, the more dispersed the data points are, and the weaker the linear relationship.

[0060] In Experiment 2, the closer the value is to 1, the closer the data points are to the fitted straight line, the stronger the explanatory power of the independent variable (implantation time) on the dependent variable (loosening rate), and the more significant the linear trend; the closer the value is to 0, the more scattered the data points are, and the weaker the linear relationship.

Claims

1. A self-powered, electrically stimulated, bionic intervertebral disc, comprising a superior endplate (1), a disc core (2), and a inferior endplate (3), characterized in that: The upper end plate (1) is provided with upper end plate fixing teeth (11); The intervertebral disc core (2) includes annulus fibrosus (21), nucleus pulposus (22), and collagen fiber transition zone (23); the annulus fibrosus (21) serves as the outer structure of the intervertebral disc core (2) and forms a closed inner cavity; the collagen fiber transition zone (23) is ring-shaped and serves as the middle layer structure of the intervertebral disc core (2) and is embedded in the inner cavity of the annulus fibrosus (21); the nucleus pulposus (22) is embedded inside the ring-shaped collagen fiber transition zone (23) and simulates the elasticity of the natural nucleus pulposus; The fiber ring (21) is composed of a collagen fiber matrix layer (211) and collagen fibers (212); the collagen fiber matrix layer (211) has several interlaced fiber pores opened longitudinally at an angle; the collagen fibers (212) are cylindrical and are arranged at an angle in the fiber pores of the collagen fiber matrix layer (211); the inclination directions of adjacent rows of collagen fibers (212) are opposite. The inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone (23) is provided with honeycomb-shaped pores, which are used to generate electrical energy by contacting and separating from the nucleus pulposus (22), thereby promoting bone tissue fusion. The collagen fiber matrix layer (211), collagen fiber (212) and collagen fiber transition region (23) are 3D printed. The lower end plate (3) is provided with a lower end plate fixing tooth (31); The cross-sections of the upper endplate (1), intervertebral disc core (2) and lower endplate (3) are "D" shaped.

2. The self-powered electrostimulation bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 1, characterized in that: The honeycomb-shaped pores on the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone (23) are divided into three groups. The first group of pores (231) is opened at the front end of the D-shaped inner wall, the second group of pores (232) is opened on both sides of the D-shaped inner wall, and the third group of pores (233) is opened at the rear end of the D-shaped inner wall. The diameters of the first group of pores (231), the second group of pores (232) and the third group of pores (233) decrease sequentially, and their depths decrease sequentially.

3. The self-powered electrostimulation bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collagen fibers (212), collagen fiber matrix layer (211) and collagen fiber transition zone (23) are printed in order of decreasing hardness, providing mechanical support for the contact separation between the inner wall of the collagen fiber transition zone (23) and the nucleus pulposus (22).

4. The self-powered electrostimulation bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end plate (1) and lower end plate (3) are made of electrically rigid materials.

5. The self-powered electrostimulation bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper endplate (1) and lower endplate (3) are made of medical titanium alloy.

6. The self-powered electrostimulation bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first group of holes (231) has a side length of 1.2 mm and a depth of 2.0 mm; the second group of holes (232) has a side length of 1.0 mm and a depth of 1.5 mm; and the third group of holes (233) has a side length of 0.8 mm and a depth of 1.0 mm.

7. The self-powered electrostimulation bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collagen fiber matrix layer (211), collagen fiber (212) and collagen fiber transition region (23) are prepared using polymer materials.

8. The self-powered electrostimulation bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nucleus pulposus (22) is prepared using a conductive hydrogel material.

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