Use of D-ribose in improving and / or protecting cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle of cumulative exercise fatigue subject

Abstract

The invention relates to an application of D-ribose in a cumulative exercise fatigue subject, which is beneficial to improving and / or protecting the myocardial function of the subject, improving the myocardial hypoxia tolerance of the subject, improving and / or protecting the skeletal muscle function of the subject, reducing the inflammation occurrence risk of the subject, and improving the exercise performance ability and exercise tolerance of the subject. And / or accelerating exercise fatigue recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the use of D-ribose in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue. Background Technology

[0002] As a long-duration, high-intensity endurance sport, the marathon can enhance cardiopulmonary function, improve physical fitness, hone willpower, and boost self-confidence, thus attracting a large number of running enthusiasts of different ages.

[0003] However, this type of sustained high-intensity exercise can easily lead to exercise-induced myocardial and skeletal muscle damage, cause oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the body, and thus lead to exercise fatigue and affect athletic performance.

[0004] Regarding myocardial injury, studies have shown that marathon running increases pulmonary artery pressure, affecting the heart's pumping function during exercise and thus interfering with the metabolic balance of calcium in bones, muscles, and blood. Abnormal calcium metabolism can interfere with the electrical activity and contractile function of cardiomyocytes, altering cell membrane permeability, increasing the levels of cardiac blood biomarkers, and ultimately causing cell damage. These cardiac blood biomarkers mainly include cardiac troponin I and cTnT, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). Changes in these biomarkers are core indicators for detecting and assessing exercise-induced changes in myocardial function. Among them, cTnI, cTnT, and NT-proBNP have high sensitivity and cardiac specificity, and are widely used in assessing cardiac injury and cardiac load, accurately reflecting potential myocardial damage and stress levels. Multiple studies have confirmed that approximately 69% of marathon participants have elevated cTnI levels, 94% have elevated cTnT levels, and all participants have elevated NT-proBNP levels. This indicates that even without clinical symptoms of myocardial infarction, marathon exercise may lead to elevated cardiac blood markers and induce myocardial fatigue.

[0005] Repeated stretching of skeletal muscles during exercise, coupled with an ischemic and hypoxic environment, can lead to elevated levels of skeletal muscle injury markers such as creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myoglobin (Mb), causing exercise-induced muscle damage, which in turn promotes exercise-induced fatigue and reduces athletic performance.

[0006] Furthermore, due to a lack of scientific understanding of marathons and other long-distance endurance sports, the public often blindly pursues high performance, employs unscientific training systems, and fails to replenish nutrients in a timely manner. This can further reduce the body's recovery ability, affect subsequent training results, and create a vicious cycle. In the long run, this can affect normal heart function and increase the risk of sudden cardiac death and cardiac arrest during exercise. This risk is particularly pronounced among middle-aged and elderly people and runners with underlying health conditions such as cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease.

[0007] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop functional ingredients and functional foods that can protect myocardial and skeletal muscle function, prevent or reduce sports injuries, accelerate recovery from exercise fatigue, and improve sports endurance and performance in long-duration and long-distance endurance sports.

[0008] D-ribose is a natural pentose found in all cells. In living organisms, D-ribose serves as a key precursor and important structural component of genetic material RNA and DNA, various coenzymes, the cellular second messenger molecule cAMP, and the energy carrier ATP. It drives energy metabolism, genetic information transmission, and redox balance, and has important physiological functions, thus finding wide application in the field of sports nutrition.

[0009] However, to date, there have been no clinical research reports on the use of D-ribose for cumulative exercise fatigue, such as in marathon running, and there is also a lack of specific studies on the effects of D-ribose on exercise-induced myocardial injury, skeletal muscle injury, and related performance indicators in amateur marathon runners. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this application is to address the aforementioned problems by providing the use of D-ribose and its compositions in subjects experiencing cumulative fatigue caused by prolonged and / or long-distance exercise. Oral administration of 2-40g of D-ribose and its compositions daily for 1-8 weeks can reduce the secretion of cardiac blood markers and skeletal muscle injury markers after prolonged and / or long-distance exercise in middle-aged and elderly individuals and young adults, thereby reducing the degree of myocardial and skeletal muscle damage; it can also reduce the concentration of oxidative stress markers after prolonged and / or long-distance exercise in middle-aged and elderly individuals and young adults, thereby reducing oxidative stress response, improving athletic performance, accelerating the rate of blood lactate clearance after exercise, reducing average heart rate during exercise, and promoting heart rate recovery after exercise, ultimately leading to improved athletic performance and post-exercise recovery.

[0011] 1. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that improve and / or protect myocardial function in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0012] 2. According to the use described in item 1, wherein, The improvement and / or protection of myocardial function refers to reducing the concentration of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as well as one or more of these.

[0013] 3. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that enhance myocardial hypoxia tolerance in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0014] 4. According to the use described in item 3, wherein, The improvement of myocardial hypoxia tolerance is achieved through one or more of the following: increasing the anaerobic threshold, and / or increasing anaerobic threshold power, and / or accelerating lactate clearance rate, and / or decreasing the peak or average heart rate during exercise, and / or accelerating heart rate recovery after exercise. 5. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that improve and / or protect skeletal muscle function in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0015] 6. According to the use described in item 5, wherein, The improvement and / or protection of skeletal muscle function refers to reducing one or more of the following: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, creatine kinase (CK) concentration, and myoglobin (MB) concentration.

[0016] 7. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that reduce the risk of inflammation in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0017] 8. According to the use described in item 7, wherein, The reduction of the risk of inflammation refers to the reduction of oxidative stress levels, wherein the oxidative stress levels refer to one or more of the following: superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, catalase (CAT) concentration, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentration.

[0018] 9. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that improve the athletic performance, endurance, and / or accelerate fatigue recovery in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0019] 10. The use according to item 9, wherein, Improving athletic performance refers to shortening the race completion time; The improvement of exercise endurance and / or acceleration of fatigue recovery refers to one or more of the following: reducing immediate heart rate after exercise, reducing average heart rate during exercise, accelerating blood lactate clearance rate, reducing maximum heart rate, reducing average heart rate, and accelerating heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise.

[0020] 11. The use according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein, The subjects are those aged 40 and above; preferably those aged 40 to 60; more preferably those aged 45 to 55. Alternatively, the subject may be under 35 years of age; preferably, a subject aged 12 to 35 years; more preferably, a subject aged 18 to 35 years. Or the subjects mentioned are subjects aged 35-40 years.

[0021] 12. The use according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein, The effective amount of D-ribose is 0.1-100 g / day / person, preferably 2-40 g / day / person.

[0022] 13. The use according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein, The D-ribose is administered orally.

[0023] 14. According to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein, The administration of D-ribose refers to a single administration before acute or one-time long-term and / or long-distance, high-intensity exercise, and / or administration before exercise, and / or administration at different times during exercise.

[0024] 15. The use as described in item 14, wherein, The term "single administration before exercise" refers to a single administration given 1-120 minutes before exercise. The term "pre-exercise administration" refers to administration 1-120 minutes before exercise. The different timing of administration during exercise refers to administration 1-120 minutes after the start of exercise or when the exercise reaches 1-35 kilometers. Preferably, the D-ribose is administered in a single dose 20-40 minutes before exercise. And / or given 20-40 minutes before exercise, And / or given 60-80 minutes after the start of exercise, And / or when exercising to 8-20 kilometers.

[0025] 16. The use according to any one of items 1 to 15, wherein the D-ribose is incorporated into a tablet, a tablet or a sustained-release tablet or dissolved in water.

[0026] 17. A composition for improving and / or protecting the myocardium and skeletal muscle of subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue, comprising D-ribose as described in any one of claims 1 to 16, and optionally other nutritional components. The other nutrient components are selected from one or more of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, peptides, fats, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, dietary fiber, and other bioactive components.

[0027] 18. The composition according to claim 17, wherein, when the composition is a solid, the D-ribose is 10-960 g relative to 1 kg of the composition; or, When the composition is a liquid, the D-ribose content is 10-960g relative to 1L of the composition.

[0028] Taking 2-40g of D-ribose and its combinations daily for 1-8 weeks can reduce the secretion of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) markers of myocardial injury after prolonged and / or long-distance endurance exercise, thus reducing the degree of myocardial damage; it can also reduce the secretion of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and / or myoglobin (MB) markers of skeletal muscle injury after prolonged and / or long-distance endurance exercise, thus reducing the degree of skeletal muscle damage; and it can reduce the secretion of prolonged and / or long-distance endurance exercise markers of myocardial injury. After exercise, the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and / or glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) markers of oxidative stress are reduced, thereby improving cardiovascular function, enhancing the body's recovery ability, and increasing the body's adaptability to daily training. It can improve the competition performance of subjects in long-duration and / or long-distance endurance sports events; reduce the maximum or average heart rate during exercise, accelerate the rise in heart rate recovery rate 3 minutes after exercise, and ultimately lead to improved athletic performance and post-exercise recovery ability. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 Technical roadmap for middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 2 Results of changes in cTnT before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 3 Results of cTnI changes before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 4 Results of changes in NT-proBNP before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 5 Results of CK-MB changes before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 6 Results of LDH changes before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 7 Results of changes in Mb before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 8Results of SOD changes before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 9 Results of changes in CAT levels before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 10 Results of GSH changes before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 11 Results of GSH-PX changes before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 12 Results of changes in MDA before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 13 Results of changes in average heart rate during exercise before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 14 Results of heart rate recovery changes 3 minutes after exercise before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 15 Results of changes in race completion time before and after intervention in middle-aged and elderly subjects; Figure 16 Summary of changes in indicators in middle-aged and elderly subjects after 8 weeks of D-ribose intervention; Figure 17 Technical roadmap for young participants; Figure 18 Results of the effect of D-ribose supplementation at different times on the percentage of heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise in young subjects; Figure 19 Results of the effect of D-ribose supplementation at different times on race completion time in young participants; Figure 20 Summary of changes in indicators after acute D-ribose supplementation and different timing of supplementation in young subjects. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While similar or identical methods and materials may be applied in experimental or practical applications, materials and methods are described herein. In case of conflict, the definitions included herein shall prevail. Furthermore, materials, methods, and examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting. The present application is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but is not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0031] This application provides the use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that improve and / or protect myocardial function in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0032] In some embodiments of this application, the improvement and / or protection of myocardial function refers to reducing the concentration of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration, or two or more of these markers. When subjects exhibit abnormally elevated concentrations of the above markers due to cumulative exercise fatigue, it indicates a risk of myocardial injury, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as chest tightness, palpitations, decreased exercise tolerance, and slow recovery from exercise fatigue.

[0033] This application provides the use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that enhance the myocardial hypoxia tolerance of subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, the improvement of myocardial hypoxia tolerance is one or more of the following: increasing the anaerobic threshold and / or increasing the anaerobic threshold power and / or accelerating the lactate clearance rate, and / or decreasing the peak or average heart rate during exercise, and / or accelerating the heart rate recovery after exercise.

[0035] This application provides the use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that improve and / or protect skeletal muscle function in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the improvement and / or protection of skeletal muscle function refers to reducing one or more of the following: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, creatine kinase (CK) concentration, and myoglobin (MB) concentration. When a subject experiences abnormally elevated concentrations of the above markers due to cumulative exercise fatigue, it indicates a risk of skeletal muscle damage, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as muscle soreness, stiffness, decreased exercise endurance, and slow recovery of skeletal muscle function after exercise.

[0037] This application provides the use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that reduce the risk of inflammation in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, reducing the risk of inflammation refers to reducing oxidative stress levels, wherein the oxidative stress level refers to one or more of the following: superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, catalase (CAT) concentration, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentration. When subjects exhibit abnormally elevated concentrations of the above markers due to cumulative exercise fatigue, it indicates an oxidative-antioxidant imbalance, exacerbated oxidative damage, and an increased risk of inflammation, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as increased exercise fatigue, decreased exercise endurance, and slow post-exercise recovery.

[0039] This application provides the use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that improve the athletic performance, endurance, and / or accelerate the recovery from exercise fatigue in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

[0040] In some embodiments of this application, improving athletic performance refers to shortening the time to complete a race.

[0041] In some embodiments of this application, improving exercise endurance and / or accelerating fatigue recovery refers to one or more of the following: reducing immediate heart rate after exercise, reducing average heart rate during exercise, accelerating blood lactate clearance rate, reducing maximum heart rate, reducing average heart rate, and accelerating heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise.

[0042] In some embodiments of this application, the subject is a subject aged 40 years or older; preferably a subject aged 40 to 60 years; more preferably a subject aged 45 to 55 years; for example, the subject can be a subject aged 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 years, or any range thereof.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, the subject is a subject under 35 years of age; preferably a subject aged 12 to 35 years; more preferably a subject aged 18 to 35 years. For example, the subject can be a subject aged 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10 years, or any range thereof.

[0044] In some embodiments of this application, the effective amount of D-ribose is 0.1-100 g / day / person, preferably 2-40 g / day / person. For example, the effective amount of D-ribose is 0.1 g / day / person, 2 g / day / person, 4 g / day / person, 6 g / day / person, 8 g / day / person, 10 g / day / person, 12 g / day / person, 14 g / day / person, 16 g / day / person, 18 g / day / person, 20 g / day / person, 22 g / day / person, 24 g / day / person, 26 g / day / person, 28 g / day / person, 30 g / day / person, 32 g / day / person, 34 g / day / person, 36 g / day / person, 38 g / day / person, 40 g / day / person, 42 g / day / person, or 44 g / day / person. / day / person, 46g / day / person, 48g / day / person, 50g / day / person, 52g / day / person, 54g / day / person, 56g / day / person, 58g / day / person, 60g / day / person, 62g / day / person, 64g / day / person, 66g / day / person, 68g / day / person, 70g / day / person, 72g / day / person, 74g / day / person, 76g / day / person, 78g / day / person, 80g / day / person, 82g / day / person, 84g / day / person, 86g / day / person, 88g / day / person, 90g / day / person, 92g / day / person, 94g / day / person, 96g / day / person, 98g / day / person, 100g / day / person, or any range between them.

[0045] In some embodiments, the single dose (i.e., the content of a single agent) of the D-ribose of this application is 0.1-100 grams, for example, 2-40 grams, or 0.1 grams, 2 grams, 4 grams, 6 grams, 8 grams, 10 grams, 12 grams, 14 grams, 16 grams, 18 grams, 20 grams, 22 grams, 24 grams, 26 grams, 28 grams, 30 grams, 32 grams, 34 grams, 36 grams, 38 grams, or 40 grams.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, the D-ribose is administered orally.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, the administration of D-ribose refers to a single administration before acute or one-time long-duration and / or long-distance endurance exercise, and / or administration before exercise, and / or administration at different times during exercise.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the single administration before exercise refers to a single administration 1-120 minutes before exercise, and the administration at different times during exercise refers to administration 1-120 minutes after the start of exercise or when the exercise reaches 1-35 kilometers.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, the D-ribose is administered once 20-40 minutes before exercise, and / or 20-40 minutes before exercise, and / or 60-80 minutes after the start of exercise, and / or when exercising to 8-20 kilometers.

[0050] In this application, D-ribose and its composition are administered once before acute or one-time long-duration and / or long-distance, high-intensity exercise, and / or D-ribose and its composition are administered before exercise, and / or D-ribose and its composition are administered at different times during exercise.

[0051] In this application, D-ribose is administered continuously for 1 to 8 weeks, for example, D-ribose is administered continuously for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 weeks.

[0052] In this application, for example, D-ribose is administered 1 minute before exercise, 10 minutes before exercise, 20 minutes before exercise, 30 minutes before exercise, 40 minutes before exercise, 50 minutes before exercise, 60 minutes before exercise, 70 minutes before exercise, 80 minutes before exercise, 90 minutes before exercise, 100 minutes before exercise, 110 minutes before exercise, 120 minutes before exercise, or any range between these times.

[0053] In this application, for example, D-ribose is administered at 1 minute after the start of exercise, at 10 minutes after the start of exercise, at 20 minutes after the start of exercise, at 30 minutes after the start of exercise, at 40 minutes after the start of exercise, at 50 minutes after the start of exercise, at 60 minutes after the start of exercise, at 70 minutes after the start of exercise, at 80 minutes after the start of exercise, at 90 minutes after the start of exercise, at 100 minutes after the start of exercise, at 110 minutes after the start of exercise, at 120 minutes after the start of exercise, or any range between these times.

[0054] In this application, for example, D-ribose is administered at 1 km, 2 km, 3 km, 4 km, 5 km, 6 km, 7 km, 8 km, 9 km, 10 km, 11 km, 12 km, 13 km, 14 km, 15 km, 16 km, 17 km, and 18 km. D-ribose is administered at the following times: at 19 km, at 20 km, at 21 km, at 22 km, at 23 km, at 24 km, at 25 km, at 26 km, at 27 km, at 28 km, at 29 km, at 30 km, at 31 km, at 32 km, at 33 km, at 34 km, at 35 km, or any range between these times.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, the D-ribose is incorporated into lozenges, tablets, or sustained-release tablets or dissolved in water.

[0056] This application provides a composition for improving and / or protecting the function of myocardial and skeletal muscles in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue, comprising the above-mentioned D-ribose and optional other nutritional components, wherein the other nutritional components are selected from one or more of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, peptides, fats, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, dietary fiber, and other bioactive ingredients.

[0057] In this application, other bioactive ingredients refer to other bioactive ingredients that do not include D-ribose.

[0058] In some embodiments of this application, when the composition is solid, the D-ribose is 10-960g relative to 1kg of the composition; for example, the D-ribose can be 10g, 50g, 100g, 150g, 200g, 250g, 300g, 350g, 400g, 450g, 500g, 550g, 600g, 650g, 700g, 750g, 800g, 850g, 900g, 950g, 960g or any range thereof relative to 1kg of the composition.

[0059] In some embodiments of this application, when the composition is a liquid, the D-ribose is 10-960g relative to 1L of the composition. For example, the D-ribose can be 10g, 50g, 100g, 150g, 200g, 250g, 300g, 350g, 400g, 450g, 500g, 550g, 600g, 650g, 700g, 750g, 800g, 850g, 900g, 950g, 960g, or any range thereof, relative to 1L of the composition.

[0060] In this application, cumulative exercise fatigue refers to a condition where, after engaging in a particular sport for at least one hour, the body's physiological processes cannot be sustained at a specific level or / and the body cannot maintain a predetermined exercise intensity. The "certain sport" here includes marathons, race walking, triathlons, cross-country running, cycling, rowing, mountaineering, long-distance swimming, ski marathons, extreme endurance races, and ultra-long-distance hiking. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-mentioned sports are merely examples, and any sport or activity that results in cumulative exercise fatigue is covered within the scope of this application.

[0061] In this application, maximum heart rate refers to the maximum heart rate of a subject during a certain exercise.

[0062] In this application, post-exercise heart rate recovery refers to the recovery of a subject's heart rate within a given time period after an exercise (e.g., 3 min, 5 min, 6 min, 7 min, 8 min, or 9 min after exercise).

[0063] Example Example I The effects of 8 weeks of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on cardiac function and athletic performance in middle-aged and elderly amateur marathon runners Figure 1 The technical roadmap for middle-aged and elderly subjects is indicated; 1.1 Experimental Design 1.1.1 Experimental Subjects The inclusion criteria for subjects are as follows: 1) Age 45-55 years, 18.5 kg / m² 2≤ BMI < 24.2 kg / m 2 2) At least three years of marathon running experience, including at least one full marathon; 3) Regular running frequency of more than three times per week; 4) No use of cardiovascular disease-related medications in the three months prior to this study. Exclusion criteria are as follows: 1) Having a clear contraindication to exercise or other diseases that prevent participation in the study; 2) Currently taking D-ribose or related nutritional supplements containing D-ribose; 3) Planning to participate in a marathon during the intervention period.

[0064] The sample size was calculated using G-Power software, and the sample size in the study was 40 people.

[0065] 1.1.2 Experimental Grouping A randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo group (hereinafter referred to as group C, n=10), a low-dose group (hereinafter referred to as group LG, n=10), a medium-dose group (hereinafter referred to as group MG, n=10), and a high-dose group (hereinafter referred to as group HG, n=10).

[0066] Baseline information of four groups of subjects (LG group, MG group, HG group, and C group) before nutritional intervention was collected and recorded: age (years), height (m), weight (kg), and BMI (kg / m²). 2 Resting heart rate (beats / minute). As shown in Table 1 below, there were no significant differences among the groups in terms of age, height, weight, BMI, resting heart rate, and average weekly and monthly training volume.

[0067] Table 1 Basic Information of Subjects

[0068] 1.1.3 Nutritional Supplementation Plan The D-ribose supplementation regimen is as follows: The LG group received daily supplementation of 6g D-ribose + 12g placebo; The MG group received daily supplementation of 12g D-ribose + 6g placebo; The HG group supplemented with 18g of D-ribose daily.

[0069] Group C (placebo group, also known as control group) was supplemented with 18g of placebo daily. The placebo consisted of sorbitol and β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 1:1. Each group should take the supplement with 200ml of warm water 30 minutes before training each day, for a total of 7 days / week, for 8 weeks.

[0070] 1.1.4 Simulated Half Marathon Program Participants participated in a simulated half-marathon (21.1 km) race before (week 0) and after (week 8) the nutritional intervention. The simulated half-marathon races were conducted at the same time each day before and after the intervention. Heart rate was monitored using a Polar V800 heart rate monitor during the exercise to assess the participants' exercise intensity. Participants were required to maintain an average heart rate of at least 80% of their maximum heart rate (HRmax = 208 - 0.7 × age) during both simulated half-marathon races. A 150 ml sports drink was administered every 5 km during the simulated races. Participants were also required to have not engaged in marathon training for at least 48 hours prior to the test and to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and other substances that could potentially affect the results.

[0071] 1.1.5 Test Indicators and Methods 1.1.5.1 Basic Indicators Before the formal experiment began, the subjects' height, weight, and resting heart rate were collected.

[0072] 1.1.5.2 Cardiac physiological indicators Echocardiography was performed on subjects before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after a simulated half-marathon race. Heart rate during post-exercise recovery was also recorded.

[0073] Morphological parameters of the left ventricle include: left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV), diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSD), systolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSS), diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWD), and systolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWS).

[0074] Left ventricular function indicators include: myocardial composite index (MPI), ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), early diastolic peak velocity (E), late diastolic peak velocity (A), and E / A ratio.

[0075] 1.1.5.3 Blood Biochemical Indicators 1.1.5.3.1 Blood indicators related to cardiac function Participants underwent venous blood collection before, immediately after, 4 hours after, and 24 hours after a simulated half-marathon race. Five ml of blood was collected each time using yellow procoagulant tubes containing separating gel. After collection, the blood samples were centrifuged using a benchtop centrifuge to further separate the serum, which was then stored at -80°C. The samples were analyzed after the experiment.

[0076] Cardiac function-related blood indicators, including cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), were all measured using an ELISA kit.

[0077] 1.1.5.3.2 Muscle Injury Indicators Participants underwent venous blood collection before, immediately after, and 24 hours after a simulated half-marathon race. Five ml of blood was collected each time using yellow procoagulant tubes containing separating gel. After collection, the blood samples were centrifuged using a benchtop centrifuge to further separate the serum, which was then stored at -80°C. The samples were analyzed after the experiment.

[0078] Indicators of muscle damage include lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (MB). LDH and CK were measured using a colorimetric method, and MB was measured using an ELISA kit.

[0079] 1.1.5.3.3 Oxidative stress indicators Participants underwent venous blood collection immediately before and after a simulated half-marathon race, with 5 ml collected each time in yellow anticoagulant tubes containing separating gel. After collection, the blood samples were centrifuged using a benchtop centrifuge to further separate red blood cells. The samples were then analyzed at the end of the experiment.

[0080] Oxidative stress indicators, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured using an ELISA kit.

[0081] 1.1.5.4 Athletic Performance Indicators The Polar V800 heart rate monitor (Polar Electro, Suomi, Finland) was used to record the time it took for the subjects to complete a simulated half marathon (simulated race), the average heart rate after the simulated race, the immediate heart rate after the simulated race, and the heart rate recovery status 3 minutes after the simulated race.

[0082] 1.2 Experimental Results 1.2.1 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on myocardial function indicators 1.2.1.1 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on cTnT levels From Table 2 and Figure 2 As can be seen, intragroup comparisons show that, compared with before intervention, the LG group (p=0.008, ηp) 2 =0.333), MG group (p<0.001, ηp 2 =0.507), HG group (p<0.001, ηp 2 =0.668) cTnT levels showed a significant decrease, with the HG group exhibiting the largest effect size. No interaction effect was found between groups after 8 weeks of intervention (p=0.93, ηp).2 =0.029), indicating a statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.003, ηp). 2 =0.321). Intergroup intervention results showed that after 8 weeks of intervention, the pre-exercise cTnT level in the LG group was significantly lower than that in the C group (p<0.05). The pre-exercise (p<0.05), immediate post-exercise (p<0.05), and 4 hours post-exercise (p<0.05) levels in the MG group were all lower than those in the C group. The pre-exercise (p<0.01), immediate post-exercise (p<0.05), and 4 hours post-exercise (p<0.05) levels in the HG group were all lower than those in the C group.

[0083] Table 2 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on cTnT (ng / L)

[0084] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.05), ** indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.01).

[0085] 1.2.1.2 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on cTnI levels From Table 3 and Figure 3 As can be seen, intragroup comparisons show that, compared with before intervention, the MG group (p=0.004, ηp) 2 =0.375), HG group (p=0.012, ηp 2 =0.304) cTnI levels showed a significant decrease, with the MG group exhibiting the largest effect size.

[0086] Table 3 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on cTnI (ng / L)

[0087] 1.2.1.3 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on NT-proBNP levels From Table 4 and Figure 4 As can be seen from the intragroup comparison, the NT-proBNP level in the HG group (p=0.021, ηp2=0.262) decreased significantly compared with that before the intervention.

[0088] Table 4. Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on NT-proBNP (ng / L)

[0089] 1.2.1.4 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on CK-MB levels From Table 5 and Figure 5As can be seen from the intragroup comparison, compared with before the intervention, the CK-MB level in group C increased significantly (p=0.005, ηp2=0.368), while the CK-MB levels in the low, medium and high dose ribose groups did not increase significantly, indicating that D-ribose intervention can inhibit the increase of CK-MB caused by exercise.

[0090] Table 5. Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on CK-MB (ng / ml)

[0091] In summary, 8 weeks of D-ribose supplementation can reduce the levels of myocardial injury markers cTnT, cTnI, and NT-proBNP, inhibit exercise-induced increases in CK-MB, alleviate myocardial injury, and improve myocardial function.

[0092] 1.2.2 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on muscle injury markers 1.2.2.1 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on LDH levels From Table 6 and Figure 6 As can be seen, intragroup comparisons show that, compared with before intervention, the HG group (p=0.041, ηp) 2 =0.211) The LDH level showed a significant decrease, indicating that 8 weeks of high-dose D-ribose intervention can significantly reduce LDH level.

[0093] Table 6. Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on LDH (U / L)

[0094] 1.2.2.2 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on Mb From Table 7 and Figure 7 As can be seen, intragroup comparisons show that, compared with before intervention, the HG group (p=0.033, ηp) 2 Mb levels showed a significant decrease (p=0.228). No interaction effect was found between groups after 8 weeks of intervention (p=0.50, ηp). 2 =0.069), indicating a significant statistical difference between groups (p<0.001, ηp). 2 =0.397). Intergroup intervention results showed that the Mb level in the LG group before exercise was significantly lower than that in the C group (p<0.05). The Mb level in the MG group before exercise (p<0.001), immediately after exercise (p<0.05), and 24 hours after exercise (p<0.001) was lower than that in the C group. The Mb level in the HG group before exercise (p<0.01) and 24 hours after exercise (p<0.05) was lower than that in the C group.

[0095] Table 7 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on Mb (ng / ml)

[0096] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.05), ** indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.01).

[0097] In summary, 8 weeks of D-ribose supplementation can reduce the levels of skeletal muscle injury markers LDH and Mb to varying degrees, with the highest dose showing the most significant effect.

[0098] 1.2.3 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on oxidative stress indicators 1.2.3.1 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on SOD levels From Table 8 and Figure 8 As can be seen from the intragroup comparison, compared with before the intervention, the SOD level in the HG group (p=0.03, ηp2=0.236) was significantly reduced, indicating that 8 weeks of high-dose D-ribose intervention can significantly reduce SOD level.

[0099] Table 8. Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on SOD (pg / ml)

[0100] 1.2.3.2 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on CAT levels From Table 9 and Figure 9 As can be seen, intragroup comparisons show that, compared with before the intervention, group C (p=0.001, ηp) 2 CAT levels were significantly elevated (p=0.458). No interaction effect was found between groups after 8 weeks of intervention (p=0.59, ηp). 2 =0.052), indicating a statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.001, ηp). 2 =0.455). Intergroup intervention results showed that the CAT levels in the LG group were significantly lower than those in the C group before exercise (p<0.05) and immediately after exercise (p<0.01). The MG group also showed significantly lower CAT levels before exercise (p<0.01) and immediately after exercise (p<0.01) than the C group. Similarly, the HG group showed significantly lower CAT levels before exercise (p<0.01) and immediately after exercise (p<0.01) than the C group.

[0101] Table 9. Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on CAT (ng / L)

[0102] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.05), ** indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.01).

[0103] 1.2.3.3 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on GSH levels From Table 10 and Figure 10 As can be seen, intragroup comparisons show that, compared with before intervention, the MG group (p=0.015, ηp) 2 =0.287), HG group (p=0.003, ηp 2 =0.397) GSH levels showed a significant decrease, with a larger effect size in the HG group. No interaction effect was found between groups after 8 weeks of intervention (p=0.28, ηp). 2 =0.099), indicating a statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.001, ηp2=0.388). Intervention results showed that the GSH level in the LG group before exercise (p<0.05) was significantly lower than that in the C group. The GSH level in the MG group before exercise (p<0.01) and immediately after exercise (p<0.01) was significantly lower than that in the C group. The GSH level in the HG group before exercise (p<0.01) was significantly lower than that in the C group.

[0104] Table 10 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on GSH (ng / L)

[0105] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.05), ** indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.01).

[0106] 1.2.3.4 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on GSH-PX levels From Table 11 and Figure 11 As can be seen, intragroup comparisons show that, compared with before intervention, the LG group (p<0.001, ηp) 2 =0.709), MG group (p=0.002, ηp 2 =0.430), HG group (p=0.004, ηp 2 =0.373) GSH-PX levels showed a significant decrease, with a larger effect size in the LG group. No interaction effect was found between groups after 8 weeks of intervention (p=0.08, ηp). 2 =0.169), but there was a significant statistical difference between groups (p<0.001, ηp). 2 =0.397). Intergroup intervention results showed that the GSH-PX level in the LG group immediately after exercise (p<0.01) was significantly lower than that in the C group. In the MG group, the GSH-PX level before exercise (p<0.01) and immediately after exercise (p<0.01) was significantly lower than that in the C group. In the HG group, the GSH-PX level before exercise (p<0.05) and immediately after exercise (p<0.05) was significantly lower than that in the C group.

[0107] Table 11 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on GSH-PX (pmol / ml)

[0108] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.05), ** indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.01).

[0109] 1.2.3.5 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on MDA levels From Table 12 and Figure 12 As can be seen, intragroup comparisons show that, compared with before intervention, the MG group (p=0.002, ηp) 2 =0.422), HG group (p=0.006, ηp 2 =0.349) MDA levels showed a significant decrease, with a larger effect size in the MG group. Intergroup comparisons after 8 weeks of intervention revealed an interaction effect (p=0.02, ηp). 2 =0.229), and there was also a significant statistical difference between groups (p<0.001, ηp). 2 =0.638). Intergroup intervention results showed that the MDA levels in the LG group were significantly lower than those in the C group before exercise (p<0.05) and immediately after exercise (p<0.01). The MDA levels in the MG group were significantly lower than those in the C group before exercise (p<0.01) and immediately after exercise (p<0.01). The MDA levels in the HG group were significantly lower than those in the C group before exercise (p<0.01) and immediately after exercise (p<0.01).

[0110] Table 12 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on MDA (nmol / ml)

[0111] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.05), ** indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.01).

[0112] In summary, 8 weeks of D-ribose supplementation can reduce the levels of oxidative stress markers SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-PX to varying degrees, thereby reducing oxidative stress response.

[0113] 1.2.4 Effects of Different Doses of D-ribose Supplementation on Exercise Performance 1.2.4.1 Effects of Different Doses of D-ribose Supplementation on Mean Heart Rate During Exercise From Table 13 and Figure 13 As can be seen from the intragroup comparison, compared with before the intervention, the average heart rate of the MG group (p=0.039) decreased significantly, indicating that the 8-week medium-dose D-ribose intervention can significantly reduce the average heart rate during exercise and keep the heart rate stable during exercise.

[0114] Table 13 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on average heart rate (beats / minute) during exercise

[0115] Note: # indicates a significant difference compared to before the intervention (p<0.05).

[0116] 1.2.4.2 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise From Table 14 and Figure 14 As can be seen, intra-group comparisons showed significant improvements in the LG group (p<0.001), MG group (p=0.008), and HG group (p<0.001) compared to pre-intervention levels. Inter-group comparisons showed that after 8 weeks of intervention, the MG group (p<0.05) and HG group (p<0.05) exhibited significantly improved heart rate recovery at 3 minutes post-exercise compared to the C group.

[0117] Table 14 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on heart rate recovery at 3 minutes after exercise

[0118] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the control group (p<0.05).

[0119] 1.2.4.3 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on race completion time From Table 15 and Figure 15 As can be seen from the intragroup comparison, there were significant differences in finishing time before and after the intervention in both the MG group (p=0.002) and the HG group (p=0.025), indicating that both medium-dose and high-dose D-ribose intervention over 8 weeks can effectively improve finishing time.

[0120] Table 15 Effects of different doses of D-ribose supplementation on race completion time (minutes)

[0121] Note: * indicates a significant difference compared to before the intervention (p<0.05). ** indicates a significant difference compared to before the intervention (p<0.01).

[0122] A summary of the research findings is provided below. Figure 16 .

[0123] Example II The effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on cardiac function and athletic performance in young amateur marathon runners after acute high-intensity exercise. Figure 17 The technology roadmap for young participants is shown.

[0124] 2.1 Implementation Plan 2.1.1 Experimental Subjects The inclusion criteria for participants are as follows: (1) Age between 18 and 30 years old, 18.5 kg / m 2≤BMI<23.9kg / m 2 ; (2) The training period for endurance events is less than 3 years, the average weekly running volume in the past three months is less than 50 kilometers / week, and the participant has participated in and completed at least one marathon race. (3) No other cardiovascular disease or sports nutrition supplements were taken in the three months prior to this study.

[0125] The exclusion criteria for subjects are as follows: (1) Having clear contraindications to exercise or other diseases that affect the exercise plan; (2) Currently taking D-ribose or related nutritional supplements containing D-ribose; (3) Expected to participate in a marathon during the intervention period.

[0126] The ANOVA within-subjects repeated measures design using the F-test in G*power software was calculated. The sample size in the actual study was 20 participants. The basic information of the participants is shown in Table 16.

[0127] Table 16 Basic Information of Subjects

[0128] 2.1.2 Experimental Grouping The study recruited 20 young amateur marathon runners (10 men and 10 women) as shown in Table 16. They were randomly assigned to four different supplementation regimens, which were designated as the placebo group (PLA group, n=20) 30 minutes before exercise, the placebo group (PLA+PLA group, n=20) 30 minutes before exercise and during exercise, the D-ribose group (DR group, n=20) 30 minutes before exercise, and the D-ribose group (DR+DR group, n=20) 30 minutes before exercise and during exercise.

[0129] 2.1.3 Nutritional Supplementation Plan The specific supplementary plan is as follows: The PLA group received a 12g placebo (6g sorbitol + 6g β-cyclodextrin) 30 minutes before exercise and a 3g placebo (1.5g sorbitol + 1.5g β-cyclodextrin) when they reached 12 kilometers. The PLA+PLA group received a 6g placebo (3g sorbitol + 3g β-cyclodextrin) 30 minutes before exercise and a 9g placebo (4.5g sorbitol + 4.5g β-cyclodextrin) when exercising to 12km. The DR group supplemented with 12g D-ribose 30 minutes before exercise and 3g placebo (1.5g sorbitol + 1.5g β-cyclodextrin) when exercising to 12 kilometers. The DR+DR group supplemented with 6g of D-ribose 30 minutes before exercise, and supplemented with 6g of D-ribose + 3g of placebo (1.5g sorbitol + 1.5g β-cyclodextrin) when exercising to 12 kilometers.

[0130] Each group should take the medicine with 200mL of warm water before exercise and 100mL of warm water during exercise.

[0131] 2.1.4 Half Marathon Training Program Participants were required to complete four half-marathon (21.1 km) sessions. Before each session, all participants were required to warm up for 10-15 minutes, and their average heart rate during exercise was expected to reach at least 81% of their maximum heart rate (HRmax = 208 - 0.7 × age), completing the race as quickly as possible. During the exercise, heart rate was monitored using a Polar V800 heart rate monitor to assess exercise intensity, and participants were given 150 mL of sports drink every 5 km. A 14-day washout period was maintained between each exercise session to exclude any interference from previous supplement intake. Participants were also required to have not engaged in marathon training for at least 48 hours prior to the test and to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and other substances that could affect the results.

[0132] 2.1.5 Test Indicators and Methods 2.1.5.1 Basic Indicators Before the formal experiment began, the subjects' height, weight, and resting heart rate were collected.

[0133] 2.1.5.2 Cardiac physiological indicators Echocardiography was performed on the subjects before and immediately after the half marathon.

[0134] Morphological parameters of the left ventricle include: ① left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV); ② left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV).

[0135] Left ventricular function indicators include: ① cardiac output (CO); ② ejection fraction (LVEF); ③ stroke volume (SV); ④ peak early diastolic velocity (E); ⑤ peak late diastolic velocity (A); ⑥ E / A ratio.

[0136] 2.1.5.3 Hematological parameters related to cardiac function Participants underwent venous blood collection before, immediately after, 4 hours after, and 24 hours after the half-marathon. Five ml of blood was collected each time using yellow procoagulant tubes containing separating gel. After collection, the blood samples were centrifuged using a benchtop centrifuge to further separate the serum, which was then stored at -80°C. The samples were analyzed after the experiment.

[0137] Cardiac blood biomarkers mainly include cardiac troponin (cTnT and cTnI), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), all of which were measured using ELISA kits.

[0138] 2.1.5.4 Athletic Performance Indicators The Polar V800 heart rate monitor (Polar Electro, Suomi, Finland) was used to record the subject's resting heart rate before exercise, the time to complete a simulated half marathon, the average heart rate during exercise, the maximum heart rate, and the percentage of heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise (3-minute heart rate recovery percentage = (resting heart rate / 3-minute heart rate) * 100%).

[0139] 2.2 Experimental Results 2.2.1 Effects of D-ribose supplementation at different times on cardiac physiological indicators The results showed that, in both male and female subjects, no significant inter-group main effects (p>0.05) or time-group interaction effects (p>0.05) were observed in LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, SV, CO, and E / A after acute D-ribose supplementation. However, all indicators showed significant time main effects (p<0.05), indicating that half-marathon exercise significantly altered cardiac physiological parameters. Notably, early diastolic peak flow velocity (E) showed a significant time-group interaction effect in both male and female subjects (male: p=0.01, η2=0.263; female: p=0.001, η2=0.355), but its inter-group main effect was not significant (p>0.05), while the time main effect was highly significant (p<0.001).

[0140] 2.2.2 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on hematological parameters related to cardiac function 2.2.2.1 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on cTnT levels As shown in Tables 17 and 18, significant time-dependent main effects were observed in cTnT levels for both male and female subjects (male: p < 0.001, η < 0.001). 2 =0.777; Female: p<0.001, η 2 =0.843), indicating that a single half-marathon run can lead to a significant increase in cTnT levels, and this increase persists until 24 hours post-exercise. A significant group-based main effect was observed in male subjects after acute D-ribose supplementation (male: p<0.001, η0.843). 2=0.423). Post-hoc tests showed that, compared with the PLA group, the cTnT levels of male subjects in the DR group were significantly lower immediately after exercise and 4 hours after exercise; compared with the PLA+PLA group, the cTnT levels of male subjects in the DR+DR group were significantly lower 4 hours after exercise.

[0141] Table 17 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on cTnT (pg / mL) levels in male subjects

[0142] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the PLA group (p<0.05), ** indicates a significant difference from the PLA group (p<0.01), and # indicates a significant difference from the PLA+PLA group (p<0.05).

[0143] Table 18 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on cTnT (pg / mL) levels in female subjects

[0144] 2.2.2.2 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on cTnI levels As shown in Tables 19 and 20, a significant time-dependent main effect was observed in cTnI levels in both male and female subjects (male: p < 0.001, η < 0.001). 2 =0.791; Female: p<0.001, η 2 =0.769), indicating that a single half-marathon run can lead to a significant increase in cTnI levels, and this increase persists until 24 hours post-exercise. Significant group and time interaction effects were observed in male subjects after acute D-ribose supplementation (male: p=0.007, η0.769). 2 =0.197), and there was a significant group main effect on cTnI levels in both male and female subjects (male: p<0.001, η = 0.197). 2 =0.547; Female: p<0.001, η 2 =0.343). Post-hoc tests showed that, compared with the PLA group, male subjects in the DR group had significantly lower cTnI levels immediately after exercise; compared with the PLA group, both male and female subjects in the DR group had significantly lower cTnI levels 4 hours after exercise; compared with the PLA+PLA group, male subjects in the DR+DR group had significantly lower cTnI levels 4 hours after exercise.

[0145] Table 19 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on cTnI (pg / mL) levels in male subjects

[0146] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the PLA group (p<0.05), ## indicates a significant difference from the PLA+PLA group (p<0.01).

[0147] Table 20 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on cTnI (pg / mL) levels in female subjects

[0148] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the PLA group (p<0.05).

[0149] 2.2.2.3 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on NT-proBNP levels As shown in Tables 21 and 22, NT-proBNP levels exhibited a significant main effect over time in both male and female subjects (male: p < 0.001, η < 0.001). 2 =0.823; Female: p<0.001, η 2 =0.841), indicating that a single half-marathon run can lead to a significant increase in NT-proBNP levels, and this increase persists until 24 hours post-exercise. Following acute D-ribose supplementation, there was a significant group-based main effect on NT-proBNP levels in male subjects (p<0.001, η0.841). 2 =0.507) and interaction (p=0.006, η 2 =0.186). Post-hoc tests showed that, compared with the PLA group, the NT-proBNP level in male subjects in the DR group was significantly lower 4 hours after exercise. Compared with the PLA+PLA group, the NT-proBNP level in male subjects in the DR+DR group was significantly lower 4 hours after exercise.

[0150] Table 21 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on NT-proBNP (pg / mL) levels in male subjects

[0151] Note: ** indicates a significant difference from the PLA group (p<0.01), and ## indicates a significant difference from the PLA+PLA group (p<0.01).

[0152] Table 22 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on NT-proBNP (pg / mL) levels in female subjects

[0153] In summary, the analysis of hematological indicators related to myocardial function revealed gender differences in the effectiveness of D-ribose in improving myocardial function. In male subjects, acute D-ribose supplementation significantly reduced the elevation levels of myocardial injury markers cTnT, cTnI, and NT-proBNP after a half-marathon, with pre-exercise supplementation showing better results than both pre- and intra-exercise supplementation. In female subjects, pre-exercise D-ribose supplementation significantly reduced the elevation level of the myocardial injury marker cTnI after a half-marathon.

[0154] 2.2.3 Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on athletic performance 2.2.3.1 Effect of different timing of D-ribose supplementation on the percentage of heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise From Table 23, Table 24 and Figure 18 As shown, there were significant differences in the percentage of heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise between groups, regardless of whether the subjects were male or female (male: p = 0.006, η). 2 =0.362; Female: p= 0.003, η 2 =0.393). Post-hoc tests showed that, compared with the PLA+PLA group, both male and female subjects in the DR+DR group had significantly higher percentages of heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise.

[0155] Table 23 Effects of different timing of D-ribose supplementation on the percentage of heart rate recovery (%) 3 minutes after exercise in male subjects

[0156] Note: # indicates a significant difference from the PLA+PLA group (p<0.05).

[0157] Table 24 Effects of different timing of D-ribose supplementation on the percentage of heart rate recovery (%) 3 minutes after exercise in female subjects

[0158] Note: # indicates a significant difference from the PLA+PLA group (p<0.05).

[0159] 2.2.3.2 The impact of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on race completion time As shown in Table 25, Table 26 and Figure 19 As shown, there were significant differences in finishing times between groups regardless of whether the participants were male or female (male: p < 0.001, η). 2 =0.647; Female: p<0.001, η 2=0.498). Post-race comparisons revealed that, compared to the PLA group, both male and female participants in the DR group had significantly improved finishing times. Compared to the PLA+PLA group, male participants in the DR+DR group had significantly improved finishing times.

[0160] Table 25. Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on race completion time (minutes) in male subjects.

[0161] Note: ** indicates a significant difference from the PLA group (p < 0.01), # indicates a significant difference from the PLA+PLA group (p < 0.05). Table 26. Effects of different timings of D-ribose supplementation on race completion time (minutes) in female participants.

[0162] Note: * indicates a significant difference from the PLA group (p<0.05).

[0163] Analysis of the performance results showed that, regarding the percentage of heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise, D-ribose supplementation before and during exercise significantly improved heart rate recovery in both male and female participants, with women showing better improvement than men. Regarding completion time, for male participants, acute D-ribose intervention significantly shortened their completion time in a half-marathon, with pre-exercise supplementation being more effective than both pre- and during-exercise supplementation. For female participants, pre-exercise D-ribose supplementation significantly shortened their completion time in a half-marathon.

[0164] A summary of the research findings is provided below. Figure 20 .

[0165] Example 3 Effects of D-ribose on aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity 3.1 Experimental Subjects Twenty healthy professional male athletes with 3-4 years of specialized training were recruited and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group based on their weight and specialty. Before the experiment, there were no significant differences in height, weight, and age between the two groups. During the experiment, both groups underwent normal training. Immediately after each training session, the experimental group received one packet of D-ribose (12g / packet), while the control group received one packet of glucose (12g / packet), for four consecutive weeks. During the experiment, one athlete from each group suffered an injury that affected their training, preventing them from completing the experiment. A total of 18 athletes actually completed the experiment: 9 from the experimental group and 9 from the control group.

[0166] 3.2 Experiment Content 3.2.1 Body Composition Analysis On the mornings before and after the exercise tests, participants emptied their bladder and bowels, wore only underwear (the clothing was the same for both tests), and underwent body composition analysis on an empty stomach and at rest. The analysis instrument was an InBody-3.0 body composition analyzer (made in South Korea).

[0167] 3.2.2 Aerobic exercise capacity test An incremental load exercise test was conducted, once before and once after the experiment. The test was performed on an Ergotest (JAEGER, Germany) power bike. An incremental load method was used, starting at 120W, increasing by 40W in each increment to 240W; each load increment lasted 3 minutes, for a total of 12 minutes. Lactate levels were measured by ear blood collection at the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th minutes of exercise (using a YSI-23L lactate analyzer from Goldspring, USA), used to calculate the anaerobic threshold power. Heart rate during and after exercise was recorded using a PE4000 telemetry heart rate monitor (POLAR ELECTRO OY, Finland), continuously for up to 15 minutes after exercise.

[0168] 3.2.3 Anaerobic exercise capacity test The Wingate method (resistance = body weight x 0.09 kg) was used, with tests conducted before and after the experiment. The tests were performed on a MONARK-818E power bicycle (MONARK, Sweden). Subjects were instructed to pedal at full power for 30 seconds, and maximum anaerobic power, average anaerobic power, and rate of power loss were measured. Blood samples were collected from the ear at 6, 8, and 10 minutes post-exercise to measure lactate levels (using a YSI-23L lactate analyzer from Golden Springs, USA) to analyze lactate recovery after anaerobic exercise.

[0169] 3.2.4 Statistical Methods All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. For general subjects, the between-group t-test was used to compare differences between two groups; paired t-tests were used to compare differences in results before and after the experiment.

[0170] 3.3 Experimental Results 3.3.1 General Information of the Subjects Before the experiment, there were no significant differences in age, height, and weight between the two groups of subjects, indicating that the randomization of the subjects was reasonable.

[0171] Table 27. General Information of the Subjects

[0172] 3.3.2 Body Composition Testing There were no significant differences in body weight, lean body mass, fat mass, and fat percentage between the two groups of subjects after the experiment and before the experiment.

[0173] Table 28 Effects of D-ribose administration on body composition of subjects

[0174] 3.3.3 Results of Anaerobic Threshold Power Test The experimental results showed that there was no significant difference in lactate anaerobic threshold power before and after the experiment in the control group, while the lactate anaerobic threshold power in the experimental group was significantly higher after the experiment compared with before the experiment, indicating that taking D-ribose has a certain effect on improving the aerobic exercise capacity of the subjects.

[0175] Table 29 Effect of D-ribose administration on lactate anaerobic threshold power in subjects (w)

[0176] 3.3.4 Anaerobic Power Test The experimental results showed that there were no significant differences in the maximum anaerobic power (absolute value and relative value to body weight) and power decline rate between the two groups of subjects after the experiment and before the experiment. However, the average anaerobic power (absolute value and relative value to body weight) of the experimental group was significantly higher after the experiment compared with before the experiment, indicating that taking D-ribose has a certain effect on improving the anaerobic exercise capacity of the subjects.

[0177] Table 30 Effects of D-ribose administration on subjects' 30-second maximum anaerobic power and mean anaerobic power.

[0178] 3.3.5 Blood lactate test after anaerobic exercise The experimental results showed that there were no significant differences in blood lactate levels at 6 and 10 minutes after exercise between the two groups and before the experiment. The blood lactate level at 8 minutes in the experimental group was significantly lower than before the experiment, while there was no significant difference in the control group. After the intervention, the peak value of the lactate curve in the experimental group shifted to the right compared to before the intervention, while the peak value of the lactate curve in the control group did not shift to the right. This indicates that taking D-ribose can enhance aerobic metabolic capacity, accelerate lactate clearance rate, and improve exercise endurance.

[0179] Table 31. Effects of D-ribose on blood lactate levels after anaerobic exercise (mmol / L)

[0180] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that improve and / or protect myocardial function in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein, The improvement and / or protection of myocardial function refers to reducing the concentration of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as well as one or more of these.

3. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that enhance myocardial hypoxia tolerance in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

4. The use according to claim 3, wherein, The improvement of myocardial hypoxia tolerance is achieved by one or more of the following: increasing the anaerobic threshold and / or increasing the anaerobic threshold power and / or accelerating the lactate clearance rate, and / or decreasing the peak or average heart rate during exercise, and / or accelerating the heart rate recovery after exercise.

5. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that improve and / or protect skeletal muscle function in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

6. The use according to claim 5, wherein, The improvement and / or protection of skeletal muscle function refers to reducing one or more of the following: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, creatine kinase (CK) concentration, and myoglobin (MB) concentration.

7. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that reduce the risk of inflammation in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

8. The use according to claim 7, wherein, The reduction of the risk of inflammation refers to the reduction of oxidative stress levels, wherein the oxidative stress levels refer to one or more of the following: superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, catalase (CAT) concentration, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentration.

9. Use of D-ribose in the preparation of products that improve the athletic performance, endurance, and / or accelerate fatigue recovery in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue.

10. The use according to claim 9, wherein, Improving athletic performance refers to shortening the race completion time; The improvement of exercise endurance and / or acceleration of fatigue recovery refers to one or more of the following: reducing immediate heart rate after exercise, reducing average heart rate during exercise, accelerating blood lactate clearance rate, reducing maximum heart rate, reducing average heart rate, and accelerating heart rate recovery 3 minutes after exercise.

11. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The subjects are those aged 40 and above; preferably those aged 40 to 60; more preferably those aged 45 to 55. Alternatively, the subject may be under 35 years of age; preferably, a subject aged 12 to 35 years; more preferably, a subject aged 18 to 35 years. Or the subjects mentioned are subjects aged 35-40 years.

12. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The effective amount of D-ribose is 0.1-100 g / day / person, preferably 2-40 g / day / person.

13. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The D-ribose is administered orally.

14. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The administration of D-ribose refers to a single administration before acute or one-time long-term and / or long-distance, high-intensity exercise, and / or administration before exercise, and / or administration at different times during exercise.

15. The use according to claim 14, wherein, The term "single administration before exercise" refers to a single administration given 1-120 minutes before exercise. The term "pre-exercise administration" refers to administration 1-120 minutes before exercise. The different timing of administration during exercise refers to administration 1-120 minutes after the start of exercise or when the exercise reaches 1-35 kilometers. Preferably, the D-ribose is administered in a single dose 20-40 minutes before exercise. And / or given 20-40 minutes before exercise, And / or given 60-80 minutes after the start of exercise, And / or when exercising to 8-20 kilometers.

16. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, The D-ribose is incorporated into lozenges, tablets, or sustained-release tablets, or dissolved in water.

17. A composition for improving and / or protecting the function of myocardial and skeletal muscles in subjects with cumulative exercise fatigue, comprising D-ribose as described in any one of claims 1 to 16, and optionally other nutritional components. The other nutrient components are selected from one or more of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, peptides, fats, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, dietary fiber, and other bioactive components.

18. The composition of claim 17, wherein, When the composition is in solid form, the D-ribose content is 10-960 g relative to 1 kg of the composition; or, When the composition is a liquid, the D-ribose content is 10-960g relative to 1L of the composition.

Images