Laser cutting machine with waste gas treatment structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, and discloses a laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure, which comprises a base, a transverse moving beam is slidably connected to the base along the length direction of the base, a laser cutting assembly is arranged in the middle of the transverse moving beam, and the laser cutting machine further comprises a supporting mechanism and an air exhaust mechanism; the air exhaust mechanism is arranged on the two sides of the base and comprises two symmetrically-arranged air exhaust pipes, the side walls of the air exhaust pipes abut against the end of the flow guide bottom plate, a plurality of air exhaust openings are formed in the sides, close to the flow guide bottom plate, of the air exhaust pipes, and air opening opening assemblies are arranged on the two sides of the transverse moving beam. Through the linkage design of the air port opening assembly and the cover plate, the air exhaust ports are opened according to needs, only a small number of air exhaust ports under the cutting head are in an open state during working, effective negative pressure in the air exhaust pipe is highly concentrated in a local area where waste gas is generated, the requirement for the power of the air exhaust device is greatly lowered, and the air exhaust efficiency is improved. And the equipment investment and the operation energy consumption are obviously reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, specifically a laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure. Background Technology

[0002] In laser cutting operations, a high-intensity laser beam instantaneously strikes the material surface, causing it to rapidly melt, vaporize, or even burn. This transforms the originally solid or liquid material into gaseous fumes and harmful exhaust gases—the laser cutting exhaust gas. The treatment of this exhaust gas typically involves two key steps: efficient capture and collection of the exhaust gas, and purification of the collected exhaust gas. Gas purification is a relatively mature and conventional technique in the field, while effectively capturing the dispersed fumes generated during laser cutting becomes the main technical challenge in the laser cutting exhaust gas treatment process.

[0003] Currently, the most common method for capturing exhaust gases is to install a large-diameter extraction device on the top of the laser cutting machine, or to symmetrically set extraction ports on both sides of the machine tool. However, because the processing area of ​​laser cutting machines is usually large, in order to ensure that exhaust gases generated at all locations within the cutting area can be effectively extracted, the airflow inlet of the extraction device must be designed with a large diameter to cover the entire processing area. This large-sized extraction port structure directly leads to the need for a high-power exhaust fan to maintain sufficient negative airflow pressure for effective dust capture. This technical solution not only results in higher manufacturing costs but also makes the entire extraction system bulky, increasing the space occupied by the equipment and placing higher demands on manufacturing processes and on-site installation and commissioning, significantly increasing the overall cost. In view of this, it is indeed necessary to optimize and improve the existing exhaust gas capture structure of laser cutting machines to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure to solve the technical problem of the large size of the exhaust gas capture system in the prior art.

[0005] A laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure includes a base, a transverse beam slidably connected to the base along its length, a laser cutting assembly disposed in the middle of the transverse beam, a support mechanism, and an exhaust mechanism. The support mechanism, disposed in the middle of the base, includes multiple guide plates evenly distributed along the length of the base, with rack support plates at the ends of the guide plates. The exhaust mechanism, disposed on both sides of the base, includes two symmetrically arranged exhaust pipes, the sidewalls of which abut against the ends of the guide plates. Multiple exhaust ports are opened on the side of the exhaust pipes closest to the guide plates, each exhaust port being disposed between two adjacent guide plates. A cover plate is rotatably connected inside each exhaust port. Under gravity alone, the cover plate remains in a closed position, blocking the exhaust port. Air port opening components are disposed on both sides of the transverse beam. When the transverse beam moves above a corresponding exhaust port, the air port opening components drive the cover plate to rotate, switching the exhaust port to an open state.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotation angle of the cover plate is greater than or equal to ninety degrees, and the height of the guide plate is higher than the height of the air extraction port.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the air extraction ports is provided with multiple cover plates at vertical intervals. Under the action of gravity alone, two adjacent cover plates remain in a mutually fitted state. The side of each cover plate is provided with a synchronous rotation component for driving multiple cover plates in the same air extraction port to rotate synchronously.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous rotation assembly includes a bearing seat disposed on the inner wall of the air extraction pipe, the bearing seat is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the cover plate, and a deflecting rod is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft away from the cover plate. The ends of multiple deflecting rods corresponding to the same air extraction port are rotatably connected to the side wall of the same synchronous rod.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air vent opening assembly includes compression brackets disposed on both sides of the transverse beam, a top rod that cooperates with the compression brackets is slidably passed through the top of the suction pipe, and a lever that abuts against the top rod is disposed at the end of the cover plate located on the side away from the base.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a limiting plate is provided in the middle of the top rod, a return spring is provided between the limiting plate and the outer wall of the suction pipe, and a ball head is provided at the end of the top rod to cooperate with the extrusion bracket.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one end of each of the two exhaust pipes is a closed end, and the other end is respectively connected to the air inlet of a fixed exhaust pipe. The air outlets of the two fixed exhaust pipes are connected to the two joints of a three-way pipe, and the other joint of the three-way pipe is connected to the air inlet of a ventilation device.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser cutting assembly includes side plates disposed on both sides of the transverse beam, a sliding rod fixedly connected between the two side plates, a sliding seat slidably connected to the middle of the sliding rod, and a cutting head disposed on the side of the sliding seat near the support mechanism.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a suspension bracket is provided on the side of the sliding seat, and a suction head is provided on the suspension bracket. The opening of the suction head faces the cutting head. The end of the suction head is connected to the air inlet of the hose, the air outlet of the hose is connected to one of the connectors of the four-way pipe, the end of the suction pipe is connected to the air inlet of the fixed exhaust pipe, the air outlet of the fixed exhaust pipe is connected to the four-way pipe, and the other connector of the four-way pipe is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust device.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Significantly Reduced Energy Consumption and Equipment Costs: The linked design of the air vent opening component and cover plate enables on-demand opening of the air vents. Only a small number of air vents directly below the laser cutting head are open during operation, while the majority remain closed. This concentrates the effective negative pressure inside the exhaust pipe onto the localized area where waste gas is generated, significantly reducing the overall power requirements of the exhaust system. In other words, a smaller exhaust fan can achieve or even surpass the suction effect of traditional high-power fans paired with large-sized air vents, significantly reducing the initial investment cost and long-term operating energy consumption.

[0015] 2. Significantly Improved Waste Gas Capture Efficiency: On one hand, the semi-enclosed waste gas flow chamber formed by the guide plate, base, and the material to be cut forces most of the waste gas blown to the area below the material to flow orderly along the guide channel, avoiding disorderly diffusion of waste gas in the large space below the material. On the other hand, the dynamic opening mechanism of the exhaust port ensures that the capture negative pressure acts precisely on the source area of ​​the waste gas. The combined upper and lower suction method (primarily from the lower exhaust port, supplemented by the upper follow-up suction head) further captures the escaping waste gas, achieving efficient and thorough collection of waste gas, effectively preventing workshop environmental pollution and protecting the health of operators.

[0016] 3. Optimize equipment structure and reduce size: Since there is no longer a need for a large-diameter exhaust device covering the entire processing area, the size of the exhaust pipe can be designed to be relatively compact. This directly reduces the overall size and space occupied by the exhaust gas treatment system, making the overall structure of the laser cutting machine simpler and more aesthetically pleasing, while also reducing the difficulty and cost of manufacturing, transportation, and on-site installation and commissioning.

[0017] 4. Improved adaptability and reliability in processing: By incorporating multiple short cover plates within a single exhaust port and supplementing them with a synchronous rotating assembly, the problem of excessively long cover plates potentially interfering with the sheet metal is effectively solved. This allows the exhaust gas treatment structure of this invention to adapt to the processing of larger and wider sheet metals, thus broadening its applicability. Simultaneously, the detailed design of the return spring, ball joint, and top joint ensures the reliability and smoothness of mechanical movements, reducing the failure rate. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of a laser cutting machine with an exhaust gas treatment structure.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the air inlet opening component in a laser cutting machine with an exhaust gas treatment structure.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure when the exhaust port is closed.

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The front view.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laser cutting machine with an exhaust gas treatment structure when the exhaust port is open.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-way pipe in a laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the four-way pipe in a laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Horizontal beam; 3. Laser cutting assembly; 4. Support mechanism; 5. Air extraction mechanism; 6. Air extraction port; 7. Cover plate; 8. Extrusion bracket; 9. Top rod; 10. Return spring; 11. Air port opening assembly; 12. Air extraction pipe; 13. Bearing seat; 14. Rotating shaft; 15. Synchronizing rod; 16. Deflecting rod; 17. Synchronizing rotation assembly; 18. Toggle lever; 19. Top head; 20. Limiting plate; 21. Ball head; 22. Fixed exhaust pipe; 23. T-connector; 24. Side plate; 25. Sliding rod; 26. Cutting head; 27. Suction head; 28. Suspension bracket; 29. ​​Hose; 30. Four-way pipe; 31. Sliding seat; 32. Flow guide base plate; 33. Rack and pinion support plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4A laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure is disclosed. This laser cutting machine is mainly suitable for laser cutting of metal sheets, and is particularly suitable for the efficient capture and treatment of large amounts of high-temperature fumes and waste gases generated during the cutting process. It includes a base 1 serving as the mounting foundation. The base 1 has a flat plate structure. To meet the rigidity requirements of the moving parts such as the transverse beam 2 and the laser cutting assembly 3, while also considering the lightweight design of the equipment, crisscrossing reinforcing ribs (not shown in the figure) can be set at the bottom or inside of the base 1 according to stress analysis. Through the arrangement of the reinforcing ribs, the overall weight of the base 1 can be effectively reduced while ensuring the overall structural strength of the base 1, saving material costs and facilitating the transportation and installation of the equipment. Above the base 1, a transverse beam 2 is provided, which can slide along the length direction (i.e., the front-to-back direction) of the base 1. Specifically, the transverse beam 2 has a U-shaped structure with an opening facing downwards, and its left-to-right direction spans the entire working area of ​​the base 1. To achieve smooth sliding of the transverse beam 2, guide rails are fixedly installed along the front-back direction at the left and right edges of the upper surface of the base 1. Correspondingly, sliders adapted to the guide rails are fixedly installed at the lower left and right ends of the transverse beam 2. The transverse beam 2 achieves its reciprocating linear motion on the base 1 through the cooperation of the sliders and guide rails. The power driving the transverse beam 2 to move back and forth can be provided by conventional linear drive mechanisms such as lead screw transmission mechanisms, gear and rack transmission mechanisms, or linear motors. The specific structure is a conventional technical means in this field and will not be described in detail here.

[0030] A laser cutting assembly 3 is disposed on the lower surface of the middle part of the transverse beam 2. This laser cutting assembly 3 is used to perform laser cutting on the metal sheet placed in the middle of the base 1. The specific structure of the laser cutting assembly 3 will be described in detail later. To solve the problem of capturing the large amount of high-temperature fumes and exhaust gas (hereinafter referred to as exhaust gas) generated during the laser cutting process, the laser cutting machine of the present invention is also specially provided with a support mechanism 4 and an exhaust mechanism 5. These two mechanisms, together with the base 1, the transverse beam 2 and the laser cutting assembly 3, constitute a complete laser cutting equipment with exhaust gas treatment function.

[0031] The support mechanism 4 is located in the central area of ​​the base 1. Its function is not only to support the metal sheet to be cut, but also to cooperate with the exhaust mechanism 5 to form a specific exhaust gas flow channel. Specifically, the support mechanism 4 includes multiple guide plates 32 evenly distributed along the length (i.e., front-to-back direction) of the base 1. Each guide plate 32 is a long, strip-shaped structure extending in the left-right direction, with a roughly rectangular cross-section to ensure sufficient support strength. The bottom of each guide plate 32 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base 1, for example, through welding, bolting, or integral molding. At the upper end of each guide plate 32, a rack support plate 33 extending in the left-right direction is fixedly installed. The upper surface of the rack support plate 33 has multiple protruding sharp teeth or support points for direct contact with the lower surface of the metal sheet to be cut. The structural design of this rack and pinion support plate 33 can minimize the contact area between the metal sheet and the support mechanism 4, avoiding damage to the back of the sheet caused by reflected light during laser cutting. It also facilitates the downward fall of molten slag generated during cutting, preventing slag accumulation from affecting subsequent cutting accuracy. Multiple guide plates 32 are evenly spaced along the front-to-back direction, thus forming a long strip-shaped gap running through the left-to-right direction between adjacent guide plates 32, i.e., a guide channel.

[0032] The extraction mechanism 5 is located on the left and right sides of the base 1 and is used to collect and guide the exhaust gas in the aforementioned guide channel under negative pressure. Specifically, the extraction mechanism 5 includes two symmetrically arranged extraction pipes 12. The extraction pipes 12 are preferably long, hollow structures extending in the front-back direction, and their cross-sections can be rectangular, square, or circular. In this embodiment, a rectangular structure is preferred to facilitate connection and sealing with the ends of the guide plate 32. The side of the extraction pipe 12 closest to the center of the base 1 (i.e., the inner sidewall) abuts against the left and right ends of the multiple guide plates 32, and an airtight connection is achieved between them, for example, by setting a sealing strip at the connection. In this way, the upper surface of the base 1, the inner sidewalls of the two extraction pipes 12, and the two adjacent guide plates 32 together form a semi-enclosed space with an upward opening. When the metal sheet to be cut is covered on top, this semi-enclosed space becomes a relatively closed exhaust gas flow chamber. During laser cutting, the exhaust gas generated is mostly forced downwards by the high-pressure auxiliary gas (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or air) below the cutting head 26, passing through the cutting kerf and entering the flow chamber below the metal sheet. Guided by the guide plate 32, the exhaust gas entering the chamber flows only to the left and right along the guide channel between adjacent guide plates 32, ultimately flowing to the extraction pipes 12 located on both sides, forming an orderly exhaust gas flow path.

[0033] To facilitate the transfer of exhaust gas from the guide channel to the interior of the extraction pipe 12, multiple extraction ports 6, corresponding one-to-one with the guide channel, are provided on the side of the extraction pipe 12 near the guide base plate 32. Specifically, each extraction port 6 is positioned directly opposite the gap between two adjacent guide base plates 32, allowing the exhaust gas flowing out of the guide channel to directly enter the corresponding extraction port 6. The extraction port 6 is preferably a long, vertically oriented opening, allowing the internal cavity of the hollow extraction pipe 12 to communicate with the external environment (i.e., the guide channel) through the extraction port 6.

[0034] At least one cover plate 7 is rotatably connected inside each air extraction port 6. The shape and size of the cover plate 7 are adapted to the air extraction port 6 to open or close the air extraction port 6. To enable the cover plate 7 to be opened as needed, air port opening components 11 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the lower surface of the transverse beam 2. The air port opening components 11 move synchronously with the back and forth movement of the transverse beam 2. When the transverse beam 2 moves the laser cutting component 3 to a certain station, the air port opening component 11 is exactly above one or more air extraction ports 6 directly below the station. At this time, the air port opening component 11 extends downward and acts on the cover plate 7 of the corresponding air extraction port 6, pushing the cover plate 7 to rotate upward against gravity (for example, from a vertical position to a near-horizontal or even oblique upward position), so that the air extraction port 6 switches to the open state. In this way, only a few air extraction ports 6 directly below the current position of the transverse beam 2 (i.e., the laser cutting operation area) are opened, while the remaining air extraction ports 6 far away from the cutting area remain closed. This on-demand opening design greatly improves the effective utilization rate of the negative pressure inside the exhaust pipe 12, allowing the limited negative pressure generated by the exhaust device to be concentrated on the cutting area where exhaust gas is being generated, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of exhaust gas capture without increasing the power of the exhaust fan.

[0035] In one instance of this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The rotatable connection between the cover plate 7 and the suction pipe 12 can be as follows: Bearing seats 13 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the suction pipe 12 at the front and rear edges of the suction port 6. A rotating shaft 14 is installed inside the bearing seats 13. One edge of the cover plate 7 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 14, allowing the cover plate 7 to rotate and swing about the central axis of the rotating shaft 14 in a vertical plane. By reasonably setting the relative relationship between the center of gravity of the cover plate 7 and the rotating shaft 14, when the cover plate 7 is only subjected to its own weight and there is no other external interference, the cover plate 7 will naturally droop and remain in a roughly vertical position. At this time, the cover plate 7 completely blocks the suction port 6, i.e., it is in the closed position. When the cover plate 7 is driven by an external force to rotate upward against gravity, the suction port 6 is opened, and it is in the open position.

[0036] To ensure that the cover plate 7 minimizes obstruction to exhaust gas flow after opening and allows exhaust gas to smoothly enter the extraction port 6, the rotation angle of the cover plate 7 can be set to be greater than or equal to ninety degrees. That is, when the cover plate 7 is pushed by the port opening assembly 11, its free end (the end furthest from the rotating shaft 14) can rotate upwards at least ninety degrees from a vertically downward position to a horizontal or slightly upward-tilted position (e.g., an angle of 0° to 30° with the horizontal plane). At this point, the cover plate 7 is almost completely parallel to the direction of exhaust gas flow and does not obstruct the airflow. Simultaneously, to ensure that exhaust gas can only enter the extraction port 6 through the guide channel and is not ineffectively sucked in from above the cover plate 7 or other locations, the upper surface of the guide plate 32 is set higher than the upper edge of the extraction port 6. In this way, the guide plate 32 itself forms a physical barrier, forcing the airflow to flow along the predetermined guide channel, increasing the negative pressure gradient within the guide channel, and further improving the extraction efficiency.

[0037] Considering the significant vertical height of a single exhaust port 6, a single elongated cover plate 7 would result in a substantial longitudinal "height." When the cover plate 7 is rotated to its horizontally open position, its free end extends a considerable distance towards the center of the base 1 (i.e., towards the bottom of the metal sheet to be cut). This extended length could interfere with the metal sheet placed on the guide plate 32, especially when the sheet being cut is wide or when cutting near the edge of the sheet. The extended cover plate 7 might press against the lower surface of the sheet, affecting its placement and potentially causing damage. Therefore, to reduce the longitudinal length of a single cover plate 7 and thus shorten its horizontal extension in the open position, this embodiment provides multiple cover plates 7 at intervals along the vertical direction (i.e., from top to bottom) at each exhaust port 6, for example, two, three, or more. When these cover plates 7 are closed, the edges of two adjacent cover plates 7 fit together or partially overlap, completely sealing the air extraction port 6. When open, each cover plate 7 rotates upward. As the length of a single cover plate 7 is shortened, its horizontal extension is also reduced accordingly, thereby increasing the width range of the cutable sheet material and effectively avoiding interference between the cover plate 7 and the sheet material.

[0038] To achieve synchronized and coordinated operation of multiple cover plates 7 within the same air extraction port 6, a synchronous rotation assembly 17 is provided on the side of each cover plate 7. This synchronous rotation assembly 17 ensures that all cover plates 7 can rotate synchronously with the same angular velocity and amplitude regardless of which cover plate 7 is subjected to external force, thus guaranteeing the smooth opening and reliable closing of the air extraction port 6.

[0039] The synchronous rotation assembly 17 includes multiple bearing seats 13 disposed on the inner wall of the suction pipe 12 (specifically located on the front and rear sides of the suction port 6). Each bearing seat 13 is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft 14 fixedly connected to a corresponding cover plate 7. That is, each cover plate 7 is mounted on the suction pipe 12 via its own rotating shaft 14 and can rotate independently. A deflecting rod 16 is fixedly connected to the end of each rotating shaft 14 away from the cover plate 7. The deflecting rod 16 is generally rod-shaped, with one end fixed perpendicularly to the rotating shaft 14 and the other end being a free end. The free ends of multiple deflecting rods 16 corresponding to the same suction port 6 are rotatably connected to the side wall of the same synchronous rod 15 via pins or hinges. In this way, multiple deflecting rods 16 and synchronous rod 15 together form a parallel four-bar linkage. When one of the cover plates 7 is rotated by an external force (such as the thrust from the air vent opening assembly 11), its rotating shaft 14 drives the deflection rod 16 fixed thereto to swing. The deflection rod 16 transmits power to all other deflection rods 16 in the same air vent 6 through the synchronizing rod 15, thereby driving the rotating shafts 14 of the other cover plates 7 to rotate synchronously, and finally achieving synchronous rotation of all cover plates 7.

[0040] In one instance of this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The air vent opening assembly 11 includes compression brackets 8 fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the lower surface of the transverse beam 2. The compression brackets 8 are generally elongated, extending in the front-to-back direction, and their length can be set as needed, for example, designed to cover the spacing of two or three air vents 6. To reduce the weight of the moving parts, the compression brackets 8 can be made of a hollow structure or lightweight materials such as aluminum alloy. The lower profile of the compression brackets 8 is designed as a beveled structure with guiding function; for example, its front and rear ends and lower end surface can be set as smoothly transitioned arc surfaces or trapezoidal bevels.

[0041] Corresponding to the compression bracket 8, a push rod 9 is slidably installed vertically at the top of each suction pipe 12, corresponding to the position of each suction port 6. The upper end of the push rod 9 extends out of the upper surface of the suction pipe 12, and the lower end extends into the interior of the suction pipe 12. At the uppermost end of the cover plate 7 at each suction port 6, a lever 18 is fixedly installed. The lever 18 is preferably L-shaped, with one end fixedly connected to the cover plate 7, and the other end extending upward and bending to form a lever surface that can contact the lower end of the push rod 9. When the cover plate 7 is in the closed vertical position, under the action of the cover plate 7's own weight, the bent end of the lever 18 is in a higher position, just abutting against the lower end of the push rod 9, or maintaining a small gap. When the push rod 9 is pushed downward by the compression bracket 8, the lower end of the push rod 9 applies downward pressure to the lever 18, thereby pushing the cover plate 7 to rotate upward against gravity and open the suction port 6.

[0042] To ensure that the push rod 9 can automatically reset after the external force is removed, a limiting plate 20 is provided in the middle or upper part of the push rod 9, and a return spring 10 is provided between the limiting plate 20 and the outer wall of the suction pipe 12. The return spring 10 is sleeved on the outside of the push rod 9, with its upper end abutting against the limiting plate 20 and its lower end abutting against the outer wall of the suction pipe 12. When the compression bracket 8 presses down on the push rod 9, the return spring 10 is compressed; when the transverse beam 2 moves away and the compression bracket 8 and the push rod 9 are no longer in contact, the push rod 9 quickly moves upward back to its initial high position under the elastic force of the return spring 10, and the cover plate 7 also falls back under its own weight, resealing the suction port 6. To reduce the friction between the push rod 9 and the lever 18 and to prevent jamming, a top head 19 can be provided at the lower end of the push rod 9. The top head 19 is preferably a cylindrical structure extending in the front-back direction, so that the contact between the top head 19 and the lever 18 is a line contact or a small-area arc surface contact. Similarly, a ball head 21 can be provided at the upper end of the push rod 9 to achieve smooth rolling contact with the inclined surface of the compression bracket 8, reducing wear and noise.

[0043] During operation, as the transverse beam 2 moves forward or backward, the pressing bracket 8 below it moves accordingly. When the lower inclined surface of the pressing bracket 8 contacts the ball head 21 at the upper end of one of the push rods 9, as the transverse beam 2 continues to move, the inclined surface of the pressing bracket 8 gradually presses down on the ball head 21, pushing the push rod 9 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 10 and move downward. The top head 19 at the lower end of the push rod 9 then presses down on the lever 18, driving the cover plate 7 to rotate and open. Because the pressing bracket 8 has a certain length, during the movement of the transverse beam 2, the pressing bracket 8 can simultaneously press down on two or three consecutive push rods 9, so that two or three air extraction ports 6 directly below the cutting area are simultaneously open. In this way, the exhaust gas generated during laser cutting can be simultaneously drawn in by the two or three nearest air extraction ports 6, forming a local strong negative pressure area, which greatly improves the timeliness and thoroughness of exhaust gas capture.

[0044] In one instance of this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7During laser cutting, the cutting head 26 sprays high-pressure oxygen, nitrogen, or air downwards. This downward flow of high-pressure air forces the molten metal and vaporized fumes downwards, preventing the exhaust gas from rising. The exhaust gas is blown into the cutting kerf, thus most of it remains below the metal sheet being cut. This lower exhaust gas is effectively discharged through the extraction pipes 12 on both sides. The extraction pipe 12 is hollow, with one end (e.g., the front end) closed and the other end (e.g., the rear end) open, each connected to one end (inlet) of a fixed exhaust pipe 22. The other ends (outlets) of the two fixed exhaust pipes 22 are connected to two ports of a three-way pipe 23. The third port (e.g., the rear port) of the three-way pipe 23 serves as the main exhaust port, connected to the inlet of a ventilation device (a conventional device not shown in the attached diagram). The exhaust system typically consists of a high-power centrifugal fan and a corresponding drive motor. Its outlet can be connected to subsequent waste gas purification equipment (such as a bag filter, activated carbon adsorption tower, etc.) as needed to achieve harmless discharge of waste gas. This centralized exhaust pipeline layout is compact in structure and easy to connect, and can effectively collect the waste gas collected by the two side exhaust pipes 12 and discharge it uniformly.

[0045] In one instance of this embodiment, please refer to Figure 8 The laser cutting assembly 3 includes side plates 24 fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the lower surface of the transverse beam 2. At least one sliding rod 25 extending in the left-right direction is fixedly connected between the two side plates 24; these are typically two parallel round or square rods. A sliding seat 31 is slidably connected to the middle of the sliding rod 25. The sliding seat 31 is equipped with a linear bearing or slider that cooperates with the sliding rod 25, allowing the sliding seat 31 to slide smoothly along the sliding rod 25 in the left-right direction. The power to drive the sliding seat 31 to move left and right can be provided by a servo motor-driven lead screw mechanism, synchronous belt mechanism, etc. A cutting head 26 is mounted on the lower surface of the sliding seat 31. The cutting head 26 can be a fiber laser cutting head, a CO2 laser cutting head, etc., and typically includes a focus adjustment mechanism that can drive the cutting head 26 to move up and down in the vertical direction, thereby automatically adjusting the distance between the cutting head 26 and the upper surface of the sheet metal according to its thickness, ensuring the laser focus is always at the optimal cutting position. By moving the transverse beam 2 back and forth (Y-axis) and the sliding seat 31 left and right (X-axis), the cutting head 26 can be precisely positioned at any position in the horizontal plane, thus completing the cutting and processing of complex shapes.

[0046] Although during laser cutting, due to the downward blowing effect of the high-pressure auxiliary gas, most of the exhaust gas (approximately 80%-90%) is blown into the cutting kerf below the sheet metal along with the molten slag and then captured by the lower suction mechanism 5, a small amount of exhaust gas still splashes or escapes from the top of the sheet metal, especially at the cutting starting point or when the sheet metal is thin. To further improve the overall capture rate of exhaust gas and prevent this small amount of exhaust gas from diffusing into the workshop environment and polluting the air, this embodiment adds an upper auxiliary dust collection structure based on the above embodiment.

[0047] A suspension bracket 28 is fixedly mounted on the side of the sliding seat 31, and a suction head 27 is fixedly mounted on the suspension bracket 28. The opening of the suction head 27 faces the cutting area below the cutting head 26, and is used to extract a small amount of exhaust gas escaping from above the plate at close range. The tail end of the suction head 27 (i.e., the end away from the opening) is connected to one end of a flexible hose 29 via a pipe connector. The flexible hose 29 has a certain flexibility and length, and can bend freely as the sliding seat 31 moves left and right. The other end of the flexible hose 29 is connected to one of the connectors (e.g., the front connector) of a four-way pipe 30. At the same time, the end of the suction pipe 12 (e.g., the rear end) is connected to one end of a fixed exhaust pipe 22, and the other end of the fixed exhaust pipe 22 is connected to one of the left and right connectors of the four-way pipe 30. Thus, the remaining two connectors of the four-way pipe 30 are connected to the fixed exhaust pipe 22 of the left suction pipe 12 and the fixed exhaust pipe 22 of the right suction pipe 12, respectively. The last connector of the four-way pipe 30 (e.g., the rear connector) is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust device.

[0048] With this piping connection method, the negative pressure generated by the exhaust device during operation acts simultaneously on both the lower extraction pipe 12 and the upper suction head 27. When the extraction port 6 is open, its negative pressure mainly draws out the exhaust gas below the sheet metal; at the same time, a continuous negative pressure exists at the suction head 27, which precisely extracts the small amount of exhaust gas escaping above the cutting point. This combined upper and lower suction method achieves three-dimensional and all-round capture of laser cutting exhaust gas, minimizing exhaust gas leakage and significantly improving environmental protection.

[0049] In this embodiment, the operator first connects the exhaust outlet of the exhaust device to the subsequent waste gas purification equipment (such as a spray tower, activated carbon adsorption box, etc.) through a pipe and starts the exhaust device. The exhaust device begins operation, generating a strong negative pressure at its inlet. This negative pressure is transmitted to the suction pipes 12 on both sides and the suction head 27 through the four-way pipe 30 and the fixed exhaust pipe 22. At this time, because the covers 7 of all suction ports 6 are in a vertically closed position under their own weight, blocking the suction ports 6, although there is negative pressure inside the suction pipe 12, it cannot effectively suction the external environment.

[0050] Next, the metal sheet to be cut is placed horizontally on the multiple rack support plates 33 of the support mechanism 4 using hoisting equipment or other methods. The lower surface of the metal sheet is in contact with the tip of the rack support plate 33.

[0051] Subsequently, the laser cutting machine is started, and the CNC system controls the transverse beam 2 to move along the Y-axis and the sliding seat 31 to move along the X-axis, quickly positioning the cutting head 26 to the cutting starting point. During the movement, the extrusion bracket 8 on the lower surface of the transverse beam 2 moves synchronously.

[0052] When the transverse beam 2 moves the cutting head 26 to a certain position for cutting, the compression bracket 8 is positioned precisely on either side of that position. The lower inclined surface of the compression bracket 8 begins to contact the ball heads 21 at the upper ends of the several push rods 9 directly below it. As the transverse beam 2 continues to move or precisely stops, the compression bracket 8 presses against the ball heads 21, pushing the push rods 9 downwards against the elastic force of the return spring 10. The lower end of the push rod 9 then presses down on the corresponding lever 18, which causes the uppermost cover plate 7 fixed to it to rotate upwards around the pivot 14. Due to the action of the synchronous rotation assembly 17, all the cover plates 7 inside the air extraction port 6 rotate upwards synchronously until they reach a horizontal or near-horizontal position, at which point the air extraction port 6 is fully opened.

[0053] With the exhaust port 6 open, the negative pressure inside the exhaust pipe 12 immediately acts on the connected guide channel. At this moment, laser cutting begins, and the cutting head 26 emits a high-energy-density laser beam while simultaneously spraying high-pressure auxiliary gas downwards. Under the action of the laser beam, the metal sheet is instantly melted, vaporized, and even burned, forming high-temperature smoke and exhaust gas. The strong airflow generated by the high-pressure auxiliary gas forces this smoke and exhaust gas downwards, causing it to pass through the cutting gap and enter the enclosed space below the metal sheet, formed by the base 1, the guide plate 32, and the sidewalls of the exhaust pipe 12. The exhaust gas entering this space, attracted by the negative pressure inside the exhaust pipe 12, flows rapidly to the left and right sides along the guide channel between adjacent guide plates 32, and directly enters the open exhaust port 6, ultimately being drawn into the exhaust pipe 12.

[0054] Meanwhile, a small amount of exhaust gas escaping from above the plate is captured by the local negative pressure formed at the opening of the suction head 27 fixed on the side of the sliding seat 31, and is sucked into the exhaust device through the hose 29 and the four-way pipe 30.

[0055] The exhaust gas drawn into the extraction pipe 12 is collected through the fixed exhaust pipe 22 and the four-way pipe 30, enters the exhaust device, and is forcibly sent to the subsequent exhaust gas purification equipment for purification treatment. After reaching the emission standards, it is discharged at high altitude.

[0056] When the transverse beam 2 moves the cutting head 26 away from the current cutting area and to the next position, the compression bracket 8 also moves away. The previously pressed-down push rod 9 quickly returns to its original position under the elastic force of the return spring 10, and the lower end of the push rod 9 disengages from the lever 18. At this time, the corresponding cover plate 7, under its own weight and controlled by the synchronous rotation component 17, smoothly rotates downward and falls back until it returns to the vertical closed position, completely sealing the air extraction port 6. As the transverse beam 2 moves to the new position, the new compression bracket 8 will press down on another set of push rods 9 below the new position, opening the corresponding other set of air extraction ports 6.

[0057] This process repeats itself continuously. Throughout the laser cutting process, only a few exhaust ports 6 located directly below the cutting head 26 are open, while the vast majority of exhaust ports 6 remain closed. This dynamic opening and on-demand distribution of negative pressure ensures that the limited negative pressure within the exhaust pipe 12 is concentrated to the maximum extent for the cutting area that needs suction, achieving efficient and precise waste gas capture.

[0058] This invention provides a laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure. Through the linkage design of the air inlet opening component 11 and the cover plate 7, the air extraction port 6 can be opened on demand. Only a small number of air extraction ports 6 directly below the cutting head 26 are open during operation, allowing the effective negative pressure inside the extraction pipe 12 to be highly concentrated in the local area where waste gas is generated. This significantly reduces the power requirements of the exhaust device, resulting in substantial reductions in equipment investment and operating energy consumption. Simultaneously, through the semi-enclosed waste gas flow chamber formed by the guide plate 32, the base 1, and the material to be cut, the waste gas blown by the auxiliary gas to the area below the material is forcibly guided to flow orderly along the guide channel. Combined with the auxiliary suction of the upper follow-up suction head 27 for the escaped waste gas, a three-dimensional and efficient capture of the cutting waste gas is achieved, effectively preventing environmental pollution. Furthermore, the compact design of the extraction pipe 12 and the multi-segment cover plate 7 structure reduce the equipment size and avoid interference with the material, achieving a balance between energy consumption, efficiency, and structural optimization while improving processing adaptability.

[0059] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Claims

1. A laser cutting machine with exhaust gas treatment structure, comprising a base, a cross beam is slidingly connected to the base along the length direction of the base, and a laser cutting assembly is arranged in the middle of the cross beam, characterized in that, It also includes support mechanisms and air extraction mechanisms; A support mechanism is provided in the middle of the base, including a plurality of guide plates evenly distributed along the length of the base, and a rack support plate is provided at the end of the guide plate; An air extraction mechanism is provided on both sides of the base, including two symmetrically arranged air extraction pipes. The sidewalls of the air extraction pipes abut against the ends of the guide plate. Multiple air extraction ports are provided on the side of the air extraction pipes near the guide plate. Each air extraction port is located between two adjacent guide plates. A cover plate is rotatably connected inside the air extraction port. Under the action of gravity alone, the cover plate remains in the closed position, blocking the air extraction port. Air port opening components are provided on both sides of the transverse beam. When the transverse beam moves above the corresponding air extraction port, the air port opening components drive the cover plate to rotate, so that the air extraction port switches to the open state.

2. The laser cutting machine having exhaust treatment structure according to claim 1, wherein, The cover plate has a rotation angle of 90 degrees or more, and the height of the guide plate is higher than the height of the air extraction port.

3. The laser cutting machine having exhaust treatment structure according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the air extraction ports is provided with multiple cover plates at vertical intervals. Under the action of gravity alone, two adjacent cover plates remain in a close-fitting state. The side of each cover plate is provided with a synchronous rotation component for driving multiple cover plates in the same air extraction port to rotate synchronously.

4. The laser cutting machine having exhaust treatment structure according to claim 1, wherein, The synchronous rotation assembly includes a bearing seat disposed on the inner wall of the air extraction pipe. The bearing seat is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft that is fixedly connected to the cover plate. A deflecting rod is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft away from the cover plate. The ends of multiple deflecting rods corresponding to the same air extraction port are rotatably connected to the side wall of the same synchronous rod.

5. A laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air vent opening assembly includes compression brackets disposed on both sides of the transverse beam, a top rod that cooperates with the compression brackets is slidably passed through the top of the air extraction pipe, and a lever that abuts against the top rod is disposed at the end of the cover plate located on the side away from the base.

6. A laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, A limiting plate is provided in the middle of the top rod, and a return spring is provided between the limiting plate and the outer wall of the suction pipe. A ball head that cooperates with the extrusion bracket is provided at the end of the top rod.

7. A laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of each of the two suction pipes is a closed end, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of a fixed exhaust pipe. The air outlets of the two fixed exhaust pipes are connected to the two joints of a three-way pipe, and the other joint of the three-way pipe is connected to the air inlet of a ventilation device.

8. A laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser cutting assembly includes side plates disposed on both sides of the transverse beam, a sliding rod fixedly connected between the two side plates, a sliding seat slidably connected to the middle of the sliding rod, and a cutting head disposed on the side of the sliding seat near the support mechanism.

9. A laser cutting machine with a waste gas treatment structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sliding seat is provided with a suspension bracket on its side, and a suction head is provided on the suspension bracket. The opening of the suction head faces the cutting head. The end of the suction head is connected to the air inlet of the hose, and the air outlet of the hose is connected to one of the connectors of the four-way pipe. The end of the suction pipe is connected to the air inlet of the fixed exhaust pipe, and the air outlet of the fixed exhaust pipe is connected to the four-way pipe. The other connector of the four-way pipe is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust device.

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