Fault early warning device and method for elevator traction machine

Abstract

The invention discloses an elevator traction machine fault early warning device and method, and relates to the technical field of traction machine fault monitoring, the elevator traction machine fault early warning device comprises a traction machine and a detection assembly, the traction machine comprises a base, a gear box is fixed to the upper end face of the base, and a traction wheel is fixed to the output end of the gear box; the traction wheel is connected with an elevator car through a steel cable, a driving motor is installed at the input end of the gearbox through a connecting shaft, a brake is arranged between the gearbox and the driving motor, and the brake is installed on the connecting shaft and used for braking the traction machine. The detection assembly at least comprises an early warning assembly, the early warning assembly is installed on the upper end face of the gearbox, and the early warning assembly at least stretches across the driving end and the non-driving end of the traction machine in the length direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of elevator traction machine technology, specifically to an elevator traction machine fault early warning device and method. Background Technology

[0002] The elevator traction machine is the power equipment of the elevator, also known as the elevator main unit. Its function is to deliver and transmit power to make the elevator run. It consists of a motor, brake, coupling, gearbox, traction sheave, frame, guide wheels, and auxiliary handwheel. The guide wheels are generally mounted on the frame or the load-bearing beam under the frame. Some handwheels are fixed to the motor shaft, while others are usually hung on a nearby wall and then put on the motor shaft when in use. Common traction machine failures (such as bearing wear, gear pitting, rotor eccentricity, etc.) often show early characteristics in vibration signals before serious damage occurs.

[0003] In the existing technology, when monitoring abnormal vibration of a traction machine, sensors are independently installed at multiple points on the traction machine base for detection. However, this method cannot fully reflect the spatial coupling and transmission characteristics of the complex vibration of the traction machine, and it is easy to miss fault characteristics in certain directions. The existing sensor mounting brackets are mostly rigid connections or simple magnetic attraction, which makes it difficult to ensure a stable and consistent signal coupling interface on traction machines of different models and installation positions, and they are easily affected by local deformation of the machine casing.

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides an elevator traction machine fault early warning device and method to solve the aforementioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an elevator traction machine fault early warning device, characterized in that it includes a traction machine and a detection component, wherein the traction machine includes: a base, a gearbox fixed to its upper end face, a traction sheave fixed to the output end of the gearbox, an elevator car connected to the traction sheave by a steel cable, a drive motor mounted on the input end of the gearbox via a connecting shaft, a brake provided between the gearbox and the drive motor, the brake being mounted on the connecting shaft for braking the traction machine;

[0006] The detection component includes at least one warning component, which is mounted on the upper end face of the gearbox, and the length of the warning component spans at least across the drive end and non-drive end of the traction machine.

[0007] Further, preferably, the early warning component includes:

[0008] The substrate has a length that spans at least across the drive end and non-drive end of the traction machine, with the drive end being the end closer to the traction sheave and the non-drive end being the end closer to the brake.

[0009] The clamping components, at least two in number, are symmetrically mounted on the lower end face of the substrate;

[0010] Two monitoring components are configured and mounted on the upper surface of the substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, preferably, the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a plurality of threaded holes at equal intervals, the monitoring component is installed and adjusted using the threaded holes, and the lower surface of the substrate is flush with the lower surface of the clamping component.

[0012] Furthermore, preferably, the two monitoring components correspond to the traction sheave and the brake, respectively, and are located on the radial extension line of the traction sheave or the brake.

[0013] Further, preferably, the clamping assembly includes:

[0014] The mounting plate is detachably mounted on the lower end face of the substrate;

[0015] Two fixing blocks are configured and symmetrically fixed to the lower end face of the mounting plate;

[0016] A threaded column, threadedly connected within the fixed block;

[0017] The knobs are respectively fixed at the ends of the two threaded posts that are far apart from each other;

[0018] The clamping plate is slidably disposed on one side of the fixed blocks that are close to each other, and its middle position is rotatably connected to the threaded column;

[0019] Limiting bolts are symmetrically threaded onto the upper and lower end faces of the clamping plate.

[0020] Furthermore, preferably, two semi-annular retaining rings are symmetrically installed at the rotatable connection between the clamping plate and the threaded column, a return spring is provided between the two semi-annular retaining rings, the limiting bolt contacts the outer wall of the annular retaining ring, and a T-shaped frustum is fixed at one end of the threaded column near the clamping plate, the T-shaped frustum being rotatably disposed within the two semi-annular retaining rings.

[0021] Further, preferably, the monitoring component includes:

[0022] The eccentric plate is a Z-shaped plate with an elongated hole at its bottom, which mates with the threaded hole for installation, and the top of the eccentric plate is configured as an installation platform.

[0023] A spherical groove is formed on the mounting platform;

[0024] The adjusting ball is hinged within the spherical groove;

[0025] The sensor is fixed to the outer wall of the adjusting ball;

[0026] The tapered sleeve is threadedly connected to the mounting platform via a threaded section, and a through hole is provided at its upper end.

[0027] Furthermore, preferably, the conical sleeve is fitted onto the adjusting ball, and the sensor passes through the through hole and is located outside the conical sleeve;

[0028] The outer wall of the adjustment sphere is wrapped with an elastic damping material, and the sensor is a three-dimensional vibration sensor.

[0029] A method for early warning of elevator traction machine failure includes the following steps:

[0030] S1: Standardized installation and calibration: Fix the device to the traction machine using the clamping assembly, pre-adjust the sensor to the approximate direction, start the equipment to run in a healthy state, and perform system self-calibration;

[0031] S2: Spatial synchronous signal acquisition: Three-dimensional vibration sensors at the driving end and non-driving end positions synchronously acquire X, Y, and Z vibration signals under a unified spatiotemporal reference.

[0032] S3: Coupling Feature Extraction: Extracting coupling features through the controller, mainly including:

[0033] Spatial characteristics: the amplitude ratio and phase difference of vibrations in the same direction at the driving end and the non-driving end;

[0034] Directional characteristics: The distribution ratio of fault characteristic frequency energy in the X, Y, and Z directions at the same measuring point;

[0035] S4: Intelligent Pattern Recognition Early Warning: The coupled features are input into the controller. The controller first determines whether the features exceed the dynamic threshold and triggers a primary early warning. Then, it analyzes the fault modes formed by the combination of multiple features and triggers a secondary early warning that points to a specific fault type.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an elevator traction machine fault early warning device and method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] In this invention, by arranging two sensors on a unified rigid reference, the measurability and accuracy of vibration spatial correlation information (amplitude ratio, phase difference) are ensured from a mechanical structure perspective.

[0038] By wrapping the outer wall of the adjustment sphere with elastic damping material, passive mechanical filtering is provided, isolating high-frequency, low-amplitude vibration interference. During installation, the adjustment sphere can be adjusted in multiple directions to make one direction of the sensor parallel to the axis of the sensing position, improving monitoring accuracy and ensuring alignment between the measurement coordinate system and the physical coordinate system. Furthermore, based on pattern recognition of coupling characteristics, fault trends can be detected earlier, and fault types can be distinguished, greatly reducing the false alarm rate of the single threshold method. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an elevator traction machine fault early warning device;

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the early warning component structure of an elevator traction machine fault early warning device;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the clamping component structure of an elevator traction machine fault early warning device;

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the monitoring component structure of an elevator traction machine fault early warning device;

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the monitoring component of an elevator traction machine fault early warning device;

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Gearbox; 3. Traction sheave; 4. Drive motor; 5. Brake; 6. Warning component; 61. Base plate; 62. Threaded hole; 63. Clamping component; 64. Monitoring component; 631. Mounting plate; 632. Fixing block; 633. Threaded post; 634. Knob; 635. Clamping plate; 636. Limit bolt; 641. Eccentric plate; 642. Mounting platform; 643. Oblong hole; 644. Spherical groove; 645. Conical sleeve; 646. Threaded section; 647. Through hole; 648. Adjusting ball; 649. Sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Reference Figures 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: an elevator traction machine fault early warning device, comprising a traction machine and a detection component, wherein the traction machine comprises: a base 1, a gearbox 2 fixed on its upper end surface, a traction sheave 3 fixed on the output end of the gearbox 2, the traction sheave 3 being connected to an elevator car by a steel cable, a drive motor 4 being mounted on the input end of the gearbox 2 via a connecting shaft, and a brake 5 being provided between the gearbox 2 and the drive motor 4, the brake 5 being mounted on the connecting shaft for braking the traction machine;

[0046] The detection component includes at least one warning component 6, which is installed on the upper end face of the gearbox 2, and the length of the warning component 6 spans at least across the drive end and non-drive end of the traction machine.

[0047] It should be noted that the above-mentioned traction machine is a worm gear traction machine. For permanent magnet synchronous gearless traction machines, the installation position of the warning component 6 should be adjusted and installed according to the shape of the traction machine.

[0048] In this embodiment, the early warning component 6 includes:

[0049] The substrate 61 has a length that spans at least across the drive end and non-drive end of the traction machine, with the drive end being the end closer to the traction wheel 3 and the non-drive end being the end closer to the brake 5.

[0050] Clamping components 63, at least two, are symmetrically mounted on the lower end face of the substrate 61;

[0051] Monitoring components 64 are configured in pairs and mounted on the upper surface of the substrate 61.

[0052] In addition, the upper surface of the substrate 61 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes 62 at equal intervals. The monitoring component 64 is installed and adjusted using the threaded holes 62, and the lower surface of the substrate 61 is flush with the lower surface of the clamping component 63.

[0053] It should be noted that the mounting position of the substrate 61 needs to be a large, flat processing surface on the side or top of the traction machine. In this embodiment, the substrate 61 is mounted on the processing surface of the top of the traction machine.

[0054] Preferably, the two monitoring components 64 correspond to the traction wheel 3 and the brake 5 respectively, and are located on the radial extension line of the traction wheel 3 or the brake 5.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the clamping assembly 63 includes:

[0056] Mounting plate 631 is detachably mounted on the lower end face of the substrate 61;

[0057] Two fixing blocks 632 are configured and symmetrically fixed to the lower end face of the mounting plate 631;

[0058] The threaded post 633 is threadedly connected to the fixed block 632.

[0059] The knobs 634 are respectively fixed at the ends of the two threaded posts 633 that are far apart from each other;

[0060] The clamping plate 635 is slidably disposed on one side of the fixed block 632 that is close to each other, and its middle position is rotatably connected to the threaded post 633;

[0061] The limiting bolts 636 are symmetrically threaded onto the upper and lower end faces of the clamping plate 635.

[0062] In other words, the detachable mounting plate 631 can be adjusted according to different types and sizes of traction machines, so that the length of the mounting plate 631 can be adapted to the traction machine, making it easy to install the base plate 61 on the flat processing surface of the traction machine.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, two semi-annular retaining rings are symmetrically installed at the rotatable connection between the clamping plate 635 and the threaded post 633. A return spring is provided between the two semi-annular retaining rings. The limiting bolt 636 contacts the outer wall of the annular retaining ring. A T-shaped frustum is fixed to one end of the threaded post 633 near the clamping plate 635. The T-shaped frustum is rotatably disposed within the two semi-annular retaining rings.

[0064] In other words, the clamping plate 635 is also a detachable structure, which can be adapted to the shape of the clamping position. When disassembling, by moving the two limiting bolts 636 away from the semi-circular retaining ring, the semi-circular retaining ring is reset by the return spring, so that the semi-circular retaining ring can be disengaged from the T-shaped frustum, thus allowing for quick replacement.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the monitoring component 64 includes:

[0066] The eccentric plate 641 is a Z-shaped plate with an elongated hole 643 at its bottom, which is fitted with the threaded hole 62 for installation. The top of the eccentric plate 641 is configured as an installation platform 642.

[0067] A spherical groove 644 is formed on the mounting platform 642;

[0068] The adjusting ball 648 is hinged within the spherical groove 644;

[0069] Sensor 649 is fixed to the outer wall of the adjusting ball 648;

[0070] The tapered sleeve 645 is threadedly connected to the mounting platform 642 via a threaded section 646, and a through hole 647 is provided at its upper end.

[0071] Preferably, the conical sleeve 645 is sleeved on the adjusting ball 648, and the sensor 649 passes through the through hole 647 and is located outside the conical sleeve 645;

[0072] The outer wall of the adjusting ball 648 is wrapped with an elastic damping material, and the sensor 649 is a three-dimensional vibration sensor.

[0073] The adjustable ball 648 allows for multi-directional adjustment, aligning one direction of the sensor 649 with the axis of the sensing position, thus improving monitoring accuracy and ensuring alignment between the measurement coordinate system and the physical coordinate system. During adjustment, tightening the conical sleeve 645 presses the adjustable ball 648 into the spherical groove 644, and the rotational damping can be adjusted by the locking force. When loosened, the sensor can be adjusted in all directions. Furthermore, the elastic damping material acts as a mechanical filter, attenuating high-frequency, small-amplitude vibrations while transmitting fault characteristic vibrations.

[0074] A method for early warning of elevator traction machine failure includes the following steps:

[0075] S1: Standardized installation and calibration: Fix the device to the traction machine using the clamping assembly 63, pre-adjust the sensor 649 to the approximate direction, start the equipment to run in a healthy state, and perform system self-calibration;

[0076] S2: Spatial synchronous signal acquisition: Three-dimensional vibration sensors at the driving end and non-driving end positions synchronously acquire X (radial), Y (axial), and Z (tangential) vibration signals under a unified spatiotemporal reference.

[0077] S3: Coupling Feature Extraction: Extracting coupling features through the controller, mainly including:

[0078] Spatial characteristics: the amplitude ratio and phase difference of vibrations in the same direction (e.g., radial) at the driving end and the non-driving end;

[0079] Directional characteristics: The distribution ratio of fault characteristic frequency energy in the X, Y, and Z directions at the same measuring point;

[0080] S4: Intelligent Pattern Recognition Early Warning: The coupled features are input into the controller. The controller first determines whether the features exceed the dynamic threshold and triggers a primary early warning. Then, it analyzes the fault modes formed by the combination of multiple features and triggers a secondary early warning that points to a specific fault type.

[0081] During monitoring, for example, when a rotor imbalance fault occurs, the monitoring data will change as follows:

[0082] Amplitude change: The effective value of the radial (X-axis) vibration velocity of the driving end sensor 649 increases, and the effective value of the radial (X-axis) vibration velocity of the non-driving end sensor 649 increases synchronously.

[0083] Amplitude ratio: rises to a stable value, and the driving end is still higher than the non-driving end;

[0084] Phase difference: Calculations show that the radial vibration signals at both ends always maintain a near 0° in-phase relationship in terms of frequency;

[0085] Directional characteristics: The axial (Y-axis) and tangential (Z-axis) vibration changes of the two sensors 649 are not significant;

[0086] At this point, the radial vibration amplitude was detected to exceed the first-level threshold, triggering a first-level warning: the vibration level has increased, and attention is advised. The controller then further analyzed the data and found that the radial vibration at both ends increased significantly and synchronously, while there was no significant change in the axial vibration. This vibration pattern highly matched the fault fingerprint of rotor imbalance, triggering a second-level warning. The characteristic pattern matched, and a rotor imbalance fault was suspected. It was advised to check the traction sheave for wear or attachments, and the warning information indicating the fault type of this strip was sent. This significantly improved the accuracy of monitoring and reduced the occurrence of false alarms.

[0087] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fault early warning device for elevator traction machines, characterized in that, The traction machine includes a traction machine and a detection component. The traction machine includes a base (1) with a gearbox (2) fixed on its upper surface. A traction wheel (3) is fixed at the output end of the gearbox (2). The traction wheel (3) is connected to an elevator car by a steel cable. A drive motor (4) is mounted on the input end of the gearbox (2) via a connecting shaft. A brake (5) is provided between the gearbox (2) and the drive motor (4). The brake (5) is mounted on the connecting shaft and is used to brake the traction machine. The detection component includes at least one warning component (6), which is mounted on the upper end face of the gearbox (2), and the length of the warning component (6) spans at least across the drive end and non-drive end of the traction machine.

2. The elevator traction machine fault early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The early warning component (6) includes: The base plate (61) has a length that spans at least across the drive end and non-drive end of the traction machine, with the drive end being the end closer to the traction wheel (3) and the non-drive end being the end closer to the brake (5). Clamping components (63), at least two, are symmetrically mounted on the lower end face of the substrate (61); Monitoring components (64) are configured in two and mounted on the upper surface of the substrate (61).

3. The elevator traction machine fault early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper surface of the substrate (61) is provided with a plurality of threaded holes (62) at equal intervals. The monitoring component (64) is installed and adjusted using the threaded holes (62). The lower surface of the substrate (61) is flush with the lower surface of the clamping component (63).

4. The elevator traction machine fault early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two monitoring components (64) correspond to the traction wheel (3) and the brake (5) respectively, and are located on the radial extension line of the traction wheel (3) or the brake (5).

5. The elevator traction machine fault early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping assembly (63) includes: Mounting plate (631) is detachably mounted on the lower end face of the substrate (61); Two fixing blocks (632) are configured and symmetrically fixed to the lower end face of the mounting plate (631); A threaded column (633) is threadedly connected within the fixed block (632); The knobs (634) are respectively fixed at the ends of the two threaded posts (633) that are far apart from each other; The clamping plate (635) is slidably disposed on one side of the fixed block (632) that are close to each other, and its middle position is rotatably connected to the threaded column (633); The limiting bolt (636) is symmetrically threaded to the upper and lower end faces of the clamping plate (635).

6. The elevator traction machine fault early warning device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Two semi-annular retaining rings are symmetrically installed at the rotatable connection between the clamping plate (635) and the threaded column (633). A return spring is provided between the two semi-annular retaining rings. The limiting bolt (636) contacts the outer wall of the annular retaining ring. A T-shaped frustum is fixed at one end of the threaded column (633) near the clamping plate (635). The T-shaped frustum is rotatably arranged inside the two semi-annular retaining rings.

7. The elevator traction machine fault early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The monitoring component (64) includes: The eccentric plate (641) is a Z-shaped plate with an elongated hole (643) at its bottom, which is fitted with the threaded hole (62) for installation, and the top of the eccentric plate (641) is configured as an installation platform (642). A spherical groove (644) is formed on the mounting platform (642); The adjusting ball (648) is hinged within the spherical groove (644); The sensor (649) is fixed to the outer wall of the adjusting ball (648); A tapered sleeve (645) is threadedly connected to the mounting platform (642) by a threaded section (646), and a through hole (647) is provided at its upper end.

8. The elevator traction machine fault early warning device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The conical sleeve (645) is fitted onto the adjusting ball (648), and the sensor (649) passes through the through hole (647) and is located outside the conical sleeve (645); The outer wall of the adjusting sphere (648) is wrapped with an elastic damping material, and the sensor (649) is a three-dimensional vibration sensor.

9. A method for early warning of elevator traction machine faults, using an elevator traction machine fault warning device as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Standardized installation and calibration: Fix the device to the traction machine using the clamping assembly (63), pre-adjust the sensor (649) to the approximate direction, start the equipment to run in a healthy state, and perform system self-calibration; S2: Spatial synchronous signal acquisition: Three-dimensional vibration sensors at the driving end and non-driving end positions synchronously acquire X (radial), Y (axial), and Z (tangential) vibration signals under a unified spatiotemporal reference. S3: Coupling Feature Extraction: Extracting coupling features through the controller, mainly including: Spatial characteristics: the amplitude ratio and phase difference of vibrations in the same direction at the driving end and the non-driving end; Directional characteristics: The distribution ratio of fault characteristic frequency energy in the X, Y, and Z directions at the same measuring point; S4: Intelligent Pattern Recognition Early Warning: The coupled features are input into the controller. The controller first determines whether the features exceed the dynamic threshold and triggers a primary early warning. Then, it analyzes the fault modes formed by the combination of multiple features and triggers a secondary early warning that points to a specific fault type.

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