Wing-oriented while-drilling follow-up type directional hydraulic joint cutting device and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a wing-oriented while-drilling follow-up type directional hydraulic joint cutting device and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering construction equipment. The device comprises a rotating core shaft, a rotating shaft, a rotating shaft sleeve and a rotating shaft sleeve, the static sleeve coaxially sleeves the rotary mandrel through a bearing, a fluid channel is arranged in the static sleeve, a nozzle is arranged at an outlet of the channel, and a high-pressure water pipe connector is arranged at the rear end; and the directional fin is arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve and is coplanar with the nozzle. During construction, a pressurized and hardened high-pressure water pipe is used as a rigid force arm for starting orientation; and along with the drilling depth, the directional fins are embedded into the cracks cut by the water jet to realize automatic guide follow-up. According to the invention, through an inner-rotating and outer-static structure and a separated water path structure, synchronous drilling and cutting are realized, and the hole collapse risk is effectively reduced; the deformation of the drill rod is compensated through a dual orientation mechanism of water pipe rigidity and fin constraint; dynamic rotary sealing is abandoned, the hidden danger of high-pressure leakage is avoided, and the rock mass directional joint cutting precision and the construction efficiency are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering construction equipment technology, specifically to a wing-guided drilling-following directional hydraulic cutting device and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In directional fracturing control of rock masses, drilling-while-cutting technology is a crucial preliminary step for achieving directional decompression and inducing fracture propagation. Its operational quality directly determines the feasibility and final outcome of subsequent fracturing operations (such as hydraulic fracturing and blasting). However, existing drilling-while-cutting technologies and equipment face the following systemic challenges in practical applications:

[0003] Traditional processes commonly suffer from "process fragmentation," employing a step-by-step operation mode of "drilling first, then withdrawing the drill, and finally lowering the cutting tool." This method not only significantly extends the construction period but also, in soft and fractured coal and rock strata, the exposed borehole after withdrawal is prone to narrowing or collapse, making it difficult or even causing the cutting tool to be lowered again, severely disrupting the continuity of the fracturing process.

[0004] Existing devices mostly rely on manually adjusting the drill string angle at the borehole opening to set the cutting direction. As the drilling depth increases, the slender drill pipe will experience unpredictable torsional hysteresis and bending deformation when transmitting torque, causing the actual cutting orientation at the bottom of the hole to deviate significantly from the design path. This directional deviation results in the initial crack not matching the geostress field or the designed crack-inducing direction, failing to form an effective guiding weak surface and severely weakening the subsequent crack propagation effect.

[0005] In pursuit of "cutting while drilling," some existing systems attempt to integrate high-pressure water circuits within the rotary drill pipe, which relies on high-precision high-pressure rotary seal components. However, under the harsh conditions of high dust, strong vibration, and mud erosion downhole, these precision rotary seals wear out extremely quickly, frequently resulting in water leakage and pressure drop failures. This not only leads to insufficient cutting energy but also significantly increases maintenance costs due to frequent downtime for repairs, reducing the equipment's practicality and economy.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention proposes a wing-guided drilling follow-up directional hydraulic slotting device and its construction method, aiming to effectively solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems of existing drilling slitting technology, such as "inefficiency and easy hole collapse due to process interruption", "poor directional accuracy due to drill rod deformation" and "high maintenance cost due to easy failure of rotary seal", this invention provides a wing-guided drilling follow-up directional hydraulic slitting device and its construction method.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A wing-guided, follow-drilling directional hydraulic slotting device includes:

[0010] The rotating mandrel has a hollow structure design and connecting parts at both ends for connecting the drill bit and the drill rod.

[0011] A stationary sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the rotating mandrel via two sets of bearings, the bearings being configured to allow the rotating mandrel to rotate relative to the stationary sleeve.

[0012] The stationary sleeve has a fluid channel inside, and at least one nozzle is installed at the outlet of the fluid channel. The stationary sleeve has an interface that communicates with the fluid channel. The interface is configured to connect to an external high-pressure water pipe, and the other end of the high-pressure water pipe can be connected to a high-pressure water pump.

[0013] A directional vane is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the stationary sleeve near the nozzle, and the circumferential position of the directional vane corresponds to the water outlet position of the nozzle.

[0014] Preferably, the extension plane of the directional vane is coplanar with the water outlet direction of the nozzle in the high-pressure water system, ensuring that the crack cut by the nozzle corresponds precisely to the embedding path of the directional vane.

[0015] Preferably, the directional blade is a thin sheet structure with a thickness adapted to the width of the crack formed by high-pressure water jet cutting, and is embedded in the crack for guidance during drilling.

[0016] Preferably, the high-pressure water pipe is a multi-layer steel wire wound reinforced rubber hose, which is configured to have sufficient bending stiffness to resist sagging under its own weight after being filled with high-pressure fluid.

[0017] Preferably, the interface of the fluid channel is located at the eccentric edge of the rear end of the external stationary sleeve, so that the connected high-pressure water pipe naturally extends parallel to the axis of the rotating mandrel in the working state and maintains a certain radial separation distance from the drill rod, ensuring that the pipeline does not contact the rotating drill rod.

[0018] Preferably, the thin sheet structure of the directional wing is made of high-strength metal, and its front end is provided with a wedge-shaped inlet or inlaid with a carbide cutting edge.

[0019] Preferably, the interface of the fluid channel and the connection with the high-pressure water pipe adopt a streamlined transition design or are provided with a conical protective cover.

[0020] This invention provides a construction method for a wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Connect the rotating mandrel in series between the drill bit and the drill rod, and connect the high-pressure water pipe to the fluid channel interface of the stationary sleeve;

[0022] S2. Start the high-pressure water pump and inject high-pressure fluid into the high-pressure water pipe so that it can obtain bending stiffness under the action of internal pressure and extend in a straight state.

[0023] S3. By holding or applying external constraints to the high-pressure water pipe, the pipe is used as a rigid lever arm to apply a counter-torque to the stationary sleeve, forcing the stationary sleeve to remain stationary and stable in the predetermined initial cutting direction.

[0024] S4. While keeping the stationary sleeve in a stable orientation, the drill rod drives the rotating mandrel and drill bit to rotate and drill, while high-pressure water jets are ejected from the nozzle to directionally cut the exposed hole wall and form an initial crack.

[0025] S5. As the drilling progresses, the front end of the directional vane slides into the initial crack under the push of the drill bit. The crack wall surface constrains the vane, automatically receiving and maintaining the orientation angle of the stationary sleeve.

[0026] S6. Release the external grip or constraint on the high-pressure water pipe, and the device enters the automatic drilling orientation state; in this state, the high-pressure water pipe relies on the internal fluid pressure to maintain its rigidity and the distance between it and the rotating drill rod, and moves smoothly into the hole following the stationary sleeve, continuously performing drilling and directional hydraulic cutting operations until the predetermined length is completed.

[0027] Beneficial effects

[0028] This invention provides a wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device and its construction method, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0029] This invention, through its integrated structural design, enables simultaneous drilling and directional hydraulic cutting, completely eliminating the cumbersome traditional "drilling-retracting-downspinning tool" process. During drilling, high-pressure water jets cut the newly exposed borehole wall in real time, and the resulting initial cracks immediately provide a guiding channel for the directional blades. This operating mode not only significantly shortens the construction cycle but, more importantly, eliminates the borehole exposure period, effectively avoiding the risks of borehole narrowing and collapse caused by excessive retraction time in soft coal and rock strata, ensuring the continuity and success rate of the fracturing process.

[0030] This invention constructs a dual redirection mechanism of "initial control + drilling-while-drilling wing guidance": In the initial stage, the rigid lever arm of the pressurized high-pressure water pipe overcomes the rotational torque and precisely locks the initial direction; during the drilling stage, the mechanical constraint of the directional wing embedded in the fracture automatically maintains the cutting angle. This mechanism effectively compensates for the torsional and bending errors caused by the torque transmitted over long drill pipes, ensuring that the cutting direction is highly consistent with the design path throughout the entire hole. The precise directional fractures are highly matched with the geostress field, significantly improving the guidance of subsequent hydraulic fracturing or blasting, which is conducive to forming an ideal interconnected fracture network and expanding the pressure relief range.

[0031] This invention employs a "rotating inside, stationary outside" split structure, integrating the high-pressure water circuit onto a stationary sleeve, completely eliminating the need for easily damaged high-precision dynamic rotating sealing components. This design fundamentally eliminates the risk of seal wear and leakage caused by harsh downhole conditions (high dust, strong vibration). Simultaneously, the high-pressure water pipe is connected to the rear end of the sleeve and naturally separated from the rotating drill pipe by fluid stiffness, avoiding pipe entanglement and wear. This design significantly improves the reliability and durability of the equipment, greatly reducing the frequency of downtime and maintenance costs due to seal failure, demonstrating high practical value and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a partial sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the assembly structure of the rotating mandrel and the stationary sleeve of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction principle of the present invention during the initial drilling stage;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the directional blade embedded in the crack during the drilling follow-up stage of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 101, rotating mandrel; 102, drill rod; 103, stationary sleeve; 104, bearing section; 105, fluid channel; 106, nozzle; 107, directional vane; 108, high-pressure water pipe; 109, drill bit. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device, comprising:

[0040] The rotating mandrel 101 has a hollow structure design and has connecting parts at both ends for connecting the drill bit 109 and the drill rod 102.

[0041] The stationary sleeve 103 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the rotating spindle 101 via two sets of bearing portions 104. The bearing portions 104 are configured to allow the rotating spindle 101 to rotate relative to the stationary sleeve 103.

[0042] A fluid channel 105 is provided inside the stationary sleeve 103. At least one nozzle 106 is installed at the outlet of the fluid channel 105. An interface communicating with the fluid channel 105 is provided on the stationary sleeve 103. A high-pressure water pipe 108 is connected to the interface. The other end of the high-pressure water pipe 108 is configured to be connected to a high-pressure water pump. The high-pressure water pipe 108 is made of multi-layer steel wire wound reinforced rubber hose. The hose is configured to have sufficient bending stiffness to resist its own weight sagging after being filled with high-pressure fluid.

[0043] The connection between the interface of the fluid channel 105 and the high-pressure water pipe 108 adopts a streamlined transition design or is equipped with a conical protective cover.

[0044] A directional vane 107 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the stationary sleeve 103 near the nozzle 106. The circumferential position of the directional vane 107 corresponds to the water outlet position of the nozzle 106. The extension plane of the directional vane 107 is coplanar with the water outlet direction of the nozzle 106 in the high-pressure water circuit system, ensuring that the crack cut by the nozzle 106 corresponds precisely to the embedding path of the directional vane. The directional vane 107 is a thin sheet structure, and its thickness is adapted to the width of the crack formed by the high-pressure water jet. It is embedded in the crack for guidance during drilling. The thin sheet structure of the directional vane 107 is made of high-strength metal, and its front end is provided with a wedge-shaped inlet or inlaid with a carbide cutting edge.

[0045] The interface of the fluid channel 105 is located at the eccentric edge of the rear end of the external stationary sleeve 103, so that the connected high-pressure water pipe 108 naturally extends parallel to the axis of the rotating mandrel 101 in the working state and maintains a certain radial separation distance from the drill rod 102, ensuring that the pipeline does not contact the rotating drill rod 102.

[0046] In this implementation plan: When using the wing-guided drilling follow-up directional hydraulic slotting device, according to the assembly specifications, the core component, the rotating mandrel 101, is precisely connected to the drill bit 109 and the drill rod 102 to ensure smooth connection between the rotating mandrel and its transmission, meeting the torque transmission requirements of subsequent rotary drilling. Simultaneously, one end of the high-pressure water pipe 108 is securely connected to the fluid channel 105 interface at the rear edge of the stationary sleeve 103. The connection adopts a streamlined transition design or a conical protective cover to reduce resistance loss of the high-pressure fluid at the interface and prevent damage to the pipe connection due to stress concentration.

[0047] Check the assembly status of each component of the device: confirm that the two sets of bearing sections 104 are installed in place, ensure the coaxiality between the rotating spindle 101 and the stationary sleeve 103, and ensure that the rotating spindle can rotate flexibly relative to the stationary sleeve without jamming; check the installation position of the directional vane 107, so that its extension plane is strictly coplanar with the water outlet direction of the nozzle 106, laying the foundation for subsequent directional cutting and precise matching of guidance; check the front end structure of the directional vane, ensuring that the wedge-shaped inlet is intact or the carbide cutting edge is firmly embedded, ensuring its guiding ability to smoothly embed into the crack;

[0048] Connect the other end of high-pressure water pipe 108 to the high-pressure water pump, and check the sealing of the high-pressure water system to prevent leakage and pressure drop during subsequent high-pressure fluid transportation. The high-pressure water pipe is made of multi-layer steel wire wound reinforced rubber hose, whose structural characteristics ensure it meets usage requirements under high-pressure conditions.

[0049] Start the high-pressure water pump to continuously inject high-pressure fluid into the high-pressure water pipe 108. The internal pressure generated by the high-pressure fluid in the water pipe acts on the pipe wall, giving the originally flexible high-pressure water pipe sufficient bending stiffness, gradually changing from a natural drooping state to a straight extension state. Continuously monitor the pressure parameters of the high-pressure water circuit system to ensure that the system pressure is stable within the design working pressure range, so that the bending stiffness of the high-pressure water pipe reaches the preset standard, which can serve as a rigid lever for applying counter-torque, while ensuring that it can maintain the radial separation distance from the rotating drill rod 102.

[0050] The operator applies a precise counter-torque to the stationary sleeve 103 by holding or using an external constraint mechanism on the high-pressure water pipe 108, utilizing its established bending stiffness as a rigid lever arm. By adjusting the magnitude and direction of the external force, the stationary sleeve 103 is forced to remain stationary, while simultaneously calibrating and stabilizing it in the preset initial cutting direction. During this process, the orientation of the stationary sleeve must be monitored in real time using professional measuring tools to ensure that the initial cutting direction is completely consistent with the designed crack-inducing path.

[0051] While maintaining the stable orientation of the stationary sleeve 103, the drill drive system is activated, driving the rotating mandrel 101 to rotate the drill rod 102 and the matching drill bit at high speed. Simultaneously, the drill system applies axial feed force to achieve drilling operations. The high-pressure water system continuously supplies high-pressure fluid to the fluid channel 105. After being guided through the fluid channel, the high-pressure fluid is ejected at high speed from the nozzle 106 in the form of a high-pressure water jet. The high-pressure water jet precisely acts on the exposed borehole wall during drilling, directionally cutting the rock or coal seam. Because the direction of the nozzle 106 is consistent with the orientation angle of the stationary sleeve 103, and the high-pressure water jet has extremely strong impact cutting capability, initial cracks that meet design requirements are formed on the borehole wall.

[0052] As the drilling system continues to drill, the drill rod 102 extends into the hole, driving the entire device to move synchronously into the hole. Under the thrust of the device's forward movement, the wedge-shaped inlet or carbide cutting edge of the directional vane 107 contacts the initial crack. With the guidance of the wedge structure and the auxiliary cutting function of the cutting edge, the directional vane smoothly slides into the initial crack. The thickness of the directional vane 107 is adapted to the width of the crack formed by the high-pressure water jet cutting. After being embedded in the crack, the crack wall exerts a constraint and limiting effect on the directional vane. This constraint force is transmitted to the stationary sleeve 103 through the directional vane, automatically receiving and maintaining the orientation angle of the stationary sleeve, ensuring that it will not deviate in direction due to factors such as drill rod rotation and complex stress in the hole.

[0053] Once the directional vane 107 is fully embedded in the initial fracture and achieves stable guidance, the external grip or constraint on the high-pressure water pipe 108 is released, and the device officially enters the automatic drilling and directional state. In the automatic drilling state, the high-pressure water pipe 108 relies on the pressure of the internal high-pressure fluid to continuously maintain its own bending stiffness, while maintaining a radial separation distance from the rotating drill rod 102 to avoid contact friction with the rotating drill rod, which could cause pipeline damage or affect the rotation of the drill rod. The drilling tool system continuously drives the rotating mandrel 101 to rotate and drill. The stationary sleeve 103 maintains directional stability under the guidance and constraint of the directional vane 107. The high-pressure water jet continues to be ejected from the nozzle 106 to perform directional cutting on the newly exposed borehole wall. The fracture extends synchronously with the drilling depth. The device follows the drilling tool system and moves smoothly into the hole, continuously and synchronously performing drilling and directional hydraulic cutting operations until the construction tasks of the preset drilling length and cutting length are completed, ultimately forming a continuous and directional fracture channel.

[0054] This invention provides a construction method for a wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1. Connect the rotating mandrel 101 in series between the drill bit 109 and the drill rod 102, and connect the high-pressure water pipe 108 to the fluid channel 105 interface of the stationary sleeve 103.

[0056] S2. Start the high-pressure water pump and inject high-pressure fluid into the high-pressure water pipe 108 so that it can obtain bending stiffness under the action of internal pressure and extend in a straight state.

[0057] S3. By holding or applying external constraints to the high-pressure water pipe 108, the pipe is used as a rigid lever arm to apply a counter-torque to the stationary sleeve 103, forcing the stationary sleeve 103 to remain stationary and stable in the predetermined initial cutting direction.

[0058] S4. While keeping the stationary sleeve 103 oriented and stable, the drill rod 102 drives the rotating mandrel 101 and drill bit 109 to rotate and drill. At the same time, high-pressure water jet is ejected from the nozzle 106 to perform directional cutting on the exposed hole wall and form an initial crack.

[0059] S5. As the drilling progresses, the front end of the directional vane 107 slides into the initial fracture under the push of the drill string. Utilizing the constraint effect of the fracture wall on the vane, it automatically receives and maintains the orientation angle of the stationary sleeve 103.

[0060] S6. Release the external grip or constraint on the high-pressure water pipe 108, and the device enters the automatic drilling orientation state. In this state, the high-pressure water pipe 108 maintains its rigidity and distance from the rotating drill rod 102 by relying on the internal fluid pressure, and moves smoothly into the hole following the stationary sleeve 103, continuously performing drilling and directional hydraulic cutting operations until the predetermined length is completed.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wing-guided, follow-up directional hydraulic slotting device, characterized in that, include: The rotating mandrel (101) has a hollow structure design and connecting parts at both ends for connecting the drill bit (109) and the drill rod (102); A stationary sleeve (103) is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the rotating mandrel (101) via two sets of bearing portions (104), the bearing portions (104) being configured to allow the rotating mandrel (101) to rotate relative to the stationary sleeve (103); The stationary sleeve (103) has a fluid channel (105) inside, and at least one nozzle (106) is installed at the outlet of the fluid channel (105). The stationary sleeve (103) has an interface that communicates with the fluid channel (105), and the interface is configured to connect to an external high-pressure water pipe (108). A directional blade (107) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the stationary sleeve (103) near the nozzle (106), and the circumferential position of the directional blade (107) corresponds to the water outlet position of the nozzle (106).

2. The wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extended plane of the directional vane (107) is coplanar with the water outlet direction of the nozzle (106) in the high-pressure water system, ensuring that the crack cut by the nozzle (106) corresponds precisely to the embedding path of the directional vane.

3. The wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The directional blade (107) is a thin sheet structure configured to adapt to the width of the crack formed by high-pressure water jet cutting, thereby embedding itself into the crack for guidance during drilling.

4. The wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device is connected to a high-pressure water pipe (108) in use. The high-pressure water pipe (108) is a multi-layer steel wire wound reinforced rubber hose, which is configured to have sufficient bending stiffness to resist its own weight when filled with high-pressure fluid.

5. The wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interface of the fluid channel (105) is located at the eccentric edge of the rear end of the external stationary sleeve (103), so that the connected high-pressure water pipe (108) naturally extends parallel to the axis of the rotating mandrel (101) in the working state and maintains a certain radial separation distance from the drill rod (102), ensuring that the pipeline does not contact the rotating drill rod (102).

6. The wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The directional wing (107) has a thin sheet structure made of high-strength metal, and its front end is provided with a wedge-shaped inlet or inlaid with a carbide cutting edge.

7. The wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interface of the fluid channel (105) is equipped with a streamlined transition design or a conical protective cover to accommodate the connection of the high-pressure water pipe (108).

8. A construction method for a wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device, comprising the wing-guided, drilling-following directional hydraulic slotting device as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Connect the rotating mandrel (101) in series between the drill bit (109) and the drill rod (102), and connect the high-pressure water pipe (108) to the fluid channel (105) interface of the stationary sleeve (103); S2. Start the high-pressure water pump and inject high-pressure fluid into the high-pressure water pipe (108) so that it can obtain bending stiffness under the action of internal pressure and extend in a straight state. S3. By holding or applying external constraints to the high-pressure water pipe (108), the pipe is used as a rigid lever arm to apply a counter-torque to the stationary sleeve (103), forcing the stationary sleeve (103) to remain stationary and stable in the predetermined initial cutting direction. S4. While keeping the stationary sleeve (103) oriented and stable, the drill rod (102) drives the rotating mandrel (101) and drill bit (109) to rotate and drill. At the same time, a high-pressure water jet is ejected from the nozzle (106) to directionally cut the exposed hole wall and form an initial crack. S5. As the drilling progresses, the front end of the directional vane (107) slides into the initial crack under the push of the drill bit's forward movement. Utilizing the constraint effect of the crack wall on the vane, it automatically receives and maintains the orientation angle of the stationary sleeve (103). S6. Release the external grip or constraint on the high-pressure water pipe (108), and the device enters the automatic drilling orientation state. In this state, the high-pressure water pipe (108) maintains its rigidity and distance from the rotating drill rod (102) by relying on the internal fluid pressure, and moves smoothly into the hole following the stationary sleeve (103) to continuously carry out drilling and orientation hydraulic cutting operations until the predetermined length is completed.

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