Explosion suppression testing device and method based on multistage cooperation and intelligent discrimination

Abstract

The invention discloses an explosion suppression test device and method based on multistage cooperation and intelligent discrimination, and belongs to the technical field of safety protection. The device is composed of a gas distribution unit, an ignition unit, a detection unit, a control unit, an execution unit and a data acquisition unit. The execution unit is of a stacked structure, and a first-stage porous material fire retardant layer, a second-stage superfine dry powder spraying mechanism and a third-stage inert gas spraying mechanism are sequentially arranged in the explosion propagation direction. The control unit receives the pressure and temperature signals collected by the detection unit, intelligently judges the explosion intensity level by analyzing the pressure rising rate and the temperature rising rate, and dynamically decides the independent or combined starting strategy of the first-level explosion suppression mechanism, the second-level explosion suppression mechanism and the third-level explosion suppression mechanism. According to the invention, on-demand inhibition and multi-target synergistic inhibition of combustible gas explosion are realized, the defects of low efficiency, poor reliability and resource waste of a traditional single explosion suppression mode are overcome, and the precision and high efficiency of explosion suppression are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial safety protection technology, specifically relating to an explosion suppression testing device and method based on multi-level collaboration and intelligent discrimination. Background Technology

[0002] Combustible gas explosions pose a significant safety hazard in the petroleum, chemical, and coal mining industries. Currently, common explosion suppression devices mainly include passive explosion-proof devices and active explosion suppression systems. Passive devices, such as flame arresters, have a simple structure but are only effective under specific conditions and have limited suppression of blast shock waves. Active explosion suppression systems typically employ the spraying of chemical inhibitors or inert gases, with their core function being rapid detection and triggering.

[0003] Existing explosion suppression technologies suffer from the following shortcomings: 1) Limited functionality: Most devices employ only one explosion suppression method (such as powder spraying or inerting), making it difficult to cope with complex and ever-changing explosion scenarios. 2) Lack of intelligent discrimination: Triggers are typically based on a single threshold (such as overpressure peak), which cannot distinguish explosion intensity, leading to "over-suppression" and wasted resources for weak explosions, while potentially resulting in "insufficient suppression" for strong explosions. 3) Poor synergy: Multiple explosion suppression methods, such as physical, chemical, and inerting, have not been effectively integrated and work synergistically, resulting in insufficient explosion suppression efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly efficient explosion suppression device and method that can integrate multiple explosion suppression methods and intelligently judge and respond according to the explosion intensity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing explosion suppression technologies, this invention provides a multi-level collaborative explosion suppression testing device and method that integrates physical, chemical, and inerting multiple explosion suppression methods and can intelligently activate different explosion suppression strategies according to the explosion intensity, so as to achieve efficient, accurate, and reliable explosion suppression.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an explosion suppression testing device based on multi-level collaboration and intelligent discrimination, including an explosion pipeline, a gas distribution unit, an ignition unit, a detection unit, a control unit, an execution unit, and a data acquisition unit; the explosion pipeline is arranged horizontally along the left-right direction in the length direction; The gas distribution unit is connected to the left end of the explosion pipeline and is used to deliver a certain concentration of premixed combustible gas to the explosion pipeline; The ignition unit is located at the left end of the explosion pipe and is used to ignite the premixed combustible gas in the explosion pipe; The detection unit is arranged along the length of the exploded pipe to monitor and collect environmental parameters of the exploded pipe in real time and generate signals; The control unit signal input terminal is connected to the detection unit signal output terminal to receive and process the signals sent by the detection unit and generate control commands; The execution units are arranged at intervals along the length of the explosion pipe. The signal input terminal of the execution unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the control unit, and is used to receive control commands issued by the control unit and execute explosion suppression actions. The data acquisition unit is used to acquire images of the explosion overpressure and flame propagation inside the exploded pipeline.

[0007] The explosion-proof pipeline is made of transparent, high-temperature resistant, and high-pressure resistant quartz glass. The explosion-proof pipeline includes a left pipeline, a middle pipeline, and a right pipeline connected in series from left to right. Both ends of the left pipeline, the middle pipeline, and the right pipeline are equipped with flanges for docking. The flange at the left end of the left pipeline is connected to a left blind flange, and the flange at the right end of the right pipeline is connected to a right blind flange.

[0008] The gas distribution unit includes a vacuum pump, a vacuum gauge, a combustible gas cylinder, and a first compressed air cylinder. A gas line connector is connected to the left blind plate. The vacuum gauge is installed on the gas line connector. The vacuum pump is connected to the gas line connector through a vacuum tube, which is equipped with a first valve. The combustible gas cylinder is connected to the gas line connector through a combustible gas supply pipe, which is equipped with a second valve and a mass flow meter. The first compressed air cylinder is connected to the gas line connector through an air supply pipe, which is equipped with a third valve.

[0009] The ignition unit includes an electric spark generator and an ignition electrode. The ignition electrode is mounted on the left blind plate, and the electric spark generator is connected to the ignition electrode via a wire.

[0010] The detection unit includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor installed on the left pipe.

[0011] The execution unit includes a first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer, a second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism, and a third-stage inert gas injection mechanism; The first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer is installed between the flange at the right end of the left pipe and the flange at the left end of the middle pipe. The second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism includes a second compressed air cylinder and an ultra-fine dry powder high-pressure storage tank. The air inlet of the second compressed air cylinder and the ultra-fine dry powder high-pressure storage tank are connected through a first jet pipe. A fourth valve is provided on the first jet pipe. The outlet of the ultra-fine dry powder high-pressure storage tank is connected to an ultra-fine dry powder spray head through a first high-speed solenoid valve. The spray nozzle of the ultra-fine dry powder spray head extends into the middle pipe. The third-stage inert gas injection mechanism includes a third compressed air cylinder and an inert gas high-pressure storage tank. The inlet of the third compressed air cylinder and the inert gas high-pressure storage tank are connected through a second jet pipe. A fifth valve is provided on the second jet pipe. The outlet of the inert gas high-pressure storage tank is connected to an inert gas injection head through a second high-speed solenoid valve. The injection port of the inert gas injection head extends into the right pipe. The control unit includes a controller, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a first high-speed solenoid valve, and a second high-speed solenoid valve, which are connected to the controller via signal lines.

[0012] The data acquisition unit includes a computer, a high-speed camera, and multiple explosion pressure sensors. The high-speed camera captures images of the explosion flames inside the explosion pipe, and the multiple explosion pressure sensors are evenly distributed on the middle and right pipes. The high-speed camera and the multiple explosion pressure sensors are all connected to the computer via data acquisition cables.

[0013] The explosion suppression test method based on multi-level collaboration and intelligent discrimination, implemented using the aforementioned explosion suppression test device, includes the following steps: S1. Vacuuming the exploded pipe: Open the first valve, start the vacuum pump, and pump air out of the exploded pipe through the connecting pipeline until the vacuum gauge shows that the pressure inside the exploded pipe has dropped to the set vacuum level (e.g., -0.1 MPa). Then close the vacuum pump and the first valve to ensure that the initial environment is airless or low-air condition to avoid interference from residual air on the experimental results. S2. Inject combustible gas and air into the explosion pipeline: Open the second valve, and the combustible gas cylinder injects a predetermined volume of combustible gas into the explosion pipeline through the mass flow meter. The mass flow meter displays the amount of combustible gas entering the explosion pipeline. After the combustible gas is injected, close the second valve and open the third valve. The first compressed air cylinder injects compressed air into the explosion pipeline. The combustible gas and air are fully mixed to form a uniform premixed combustible gas environment in the explosion pipeline. After the air is injected to the predetermined amount, close the third valve. S3, Ignition: After the gas distribution unit completes the configuration of the premixed combustible gas and the concentration of the mixed gas in the explosion pipeline stabilizes, the electric spark generator is activated. The electric spark generator instantly outputs a high voltage, which is applied between the two ignition electrodes installed on the left blind plate of the explosion pipeline. The high voltage generates a high-temperature electric spark with concentrated energy, which directly ignites the combustible premixed gas around the left blind plate, forming an initial fire core. The initial fire core rapidly releases energy, ignites the adjacent combustible premixed gas, forms a self-sustaining spherical flame or planar flame front, and begins to propagate towards the right end of the explosion pipeline, while generating an explosion overpressure and a significant temperature rise, thus completely simulating the initial and development process of a combustible gas explosion. S4. The detection unit collects pressure and temperature signals and transmits them to the control unit: As the explosion flame propagates forward, the temperature sensor installed on the left pipe quickly senses the rapid temperature rise caused by the flame front and continuously converts it into a corresponding temperature analog signal T. The temperature analog signal T accurately represents the dynamic process of the flame temperature changing over time. The pressure wave generated by the explosion propagates rapidly to the right in the explosion pipe, and the pressure sensor responds immediately. The pressure change on the sensing surface of the pressure sensor is continuously converted into a corresponding pressure analog signal P. The pressure analog signal P accurately represents the dynamic process of pressure changing over time during the explosion. The pressure analog signal P and the temperature analog signal T are transmitted to the controller in real time and synchronously through a shielded signal line. S5. The controller receives analog voltage signals (pressure signal P and temperature signal T) from the detection unit in real time via a high-speed input interface. These analog signals are first converted into digital signals that can be directly processed by the processor through a built-in high-precision analog-to-digital converter. To prevent misjudgment caused by interference signals, the converted digital signals are filtered in real time to effectively eliminate high-frequency environmental noise and circuit noise, and extract the pressure and temperature change trends that truly reflect the explosion process. The pre-processed signals enter the core discrimination algorithm. The controller generates control commands through the core discrimination algorithm and sends them to the corresponding high-speed solenoid valve drive circuit in the execution unit in the form of electrical signals through the high-speed output module. The entire process, from signal reception to command output, has a total response time controlled within milliseconds, ensuring the early intervention of the explosion suppression action. S6. The first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer is a fixed passive barrier that is always in standby mode without the need for electrical control triggering; the second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism and the third-stage inert gas injection mechanism of the execution unit receive control commands from the control unit and perform explosion suppression actions. S7. While steps S3-S6 are being performed, the data acquisition unit is responsible for recording the key physical parameters and flame propagation images during the entire explosion and explosion suppression process, providing detailed and objective experimental data for evaluating the effectiveness of the explosion suppression device, verifying the accuracy of the intelligent discrimination algorithm, and studying the explosion development law. The data acquisition unit uses the ignition signal as an external trigger source to ensure that all data acquisition units start recording from the same moment (t=0) at the onset of the explosion, guaranteeing strict time alignment between different data channels. Through multiple explosion pressure sensors deployed in the middle and right pipes, the pressure-time history curves generated by the explosion are continuously and frequently acquired. These dynamic pressure data are transmitted to the computer in real time for precise analysis of the explosion overpressure peak, pressure rise rate (dP / dt), and the weakening effect of explosion suppression measures on the shock wave. At the same time, a high-speed camera records the propagation, morphological changes, and interaction with various levels of explosion suppression mechanisms of the explosion flame. These image data intuitively reflect the flame propagation speed, structural evolution, and details of suppression.

[0014] The core discrimination algorithm in step S5 executes the following two key operations in parallel: (1) Calculate the pressure rise rate (dP / dt): Perform real-time differentiation on the continuous pressure-time digital sequence to obtain the instantaneous pressure change rate at the current moment. This parameter directly reflects the severity of the explosion development; (2) Calculate the temperature rise rate (dT / dt): Perform real-time differentiation on the continuous temperature-time digital sequence to obtain the instantaneous temperature change rate at the current moment. This parameter directly reflects the severity of the flame propagation; Compare the values of dP / dt and dT / dt calculated in real time with the thresholds (L1, L2) preset in the controller, and execute the following multi-parameter fusion discrimination logic: Ⅰ. If dP / dt < L1 and dT / dt < L2, it is discriminated as a weak-intensity explosion; Ⅱ. If dP / dt < L1 but dT / dt ≥ L2, it is discriminated as a medium-intensity explosion; Ⅲ. If dP / dt ≥ L1 (regardless of the value of dT / dt), it is discriminated as a high-intensity explosion; According to the above discrimination results, the control unit dynamically generates the optimal explosion suppression strategy and outputs the corresponding control instructions to the execution unit: ①. If it is a weak-intensity explosion: Generate and output the instruction Output_1 (logical flag, indicating to start the first-level explosion suppression mechanism); The first-level explosion suppression mechanism is the first-level porous material fire retardant layer; ②. If it is a medium-intensity explosion: Generate and output the instruction Output_1&Output_2 simultaneously (indicating to start the first-level and second-level explosion suppression mechanisms simultaneously). The second-level explosion suppression mechanism is the second-level ultrafine dry powder spraying mechanism; ③. If it is a high-intensity explosion: Generate and output the instruction Output_1&Output_2&Output_3 simultaneously (indicating to start the first-level, second-level, and third-level explosion suppression mechanisms simultaneously). The third-level explosion suppression mechanism is the third-level inert gas injection mechanism.

[0015] Output_1 in the control instruction in step S6 mainly serves as the logical flag for the system's collaborative explosion suppression; each level of explosion suppression mechanism starts according to the explosion intensity discrimination result in the following precise time sequence to form a collaborative explosion suppression chain: The first level: Physical fire retardation and quenching (instantaneous action) The explosion wave and flames first arrive at and penetrate the first-stage porous material fire-resistant layer; the first-stage porous material fire-resistant layer, through the wall effect of its numerous micropores, efficiently quenches the flame core, divides the continuous flame surface and consumes its kinetic energy, achieving preliminary physical suppression and significant deceleration of the explosion flame, creating favorable conditions for subsequent chemical and inerting suppression. Level 2: Chemical inhibition and chain reaction termination (delay < 1 ms) Following the action of the first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer, if the instruction includes Output_2, the first high-speed solenoid valve of the second-stage ultrafine dry powder spraying mechanism will immediately open. Under the action of the high-pressure airflow in the second compressed air cylinder, the ultrafine dry powder chemical inhibitor in the high-pressure storage tank is uniformly and rapidly sprayed into the slowed-down flame area in the middle pipe through the ultrafine dry powder spray head. Through its surface chemical action, the ultrafine dry powder captures and consumes a large number of free radicals necessary for the combustion chain reaction, thereby efficiently terminating the combustion reaction. Level 3: Inerting suffocation and shock wave attenuation (delay < 2ms) Almost simultaneously with the second-stage action, if the instruction includes Output_3, the second high-speed solenoid valve of the third-stage inert gas injection mechanism opens synchronously. Under the action of the high-pressure airflow in the third compressed air cylinder, the inert gas in the high-pressure inert gas storage tank is ejected at high speed through the inert gas injector, instantly forming a uniform inert gas curtain on the right pipe section. This action aims to quickly dilute and reduce the oxygen concentration in the protected area, completely suffocating any remaining ignition sources or smoldering flames. At the same time, the ejected high-speed airflow also weakens the explosion shock wave to some extent.

[0016] Using the above technical solution, the specific working process of this invention is briefly described as follows: When an explosion occurs, the detection unit captures the signal within 2ms and transmits it to the controller. The controller completes signal processing and intensity determination within 1ms. If it is determined to be a strong explosion, it immediately (total response time <5ms) simultaneously sends a start signal to the high-speed solenoid valves of the second-stage and third-stage explosion suppression mechanisms. The first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer first physically weakens the flame; then, the dry powder of the second-stage ultrafine dry powder spraying mechanism is sprayed out to chemically extinguish the flame; almost simultaneously, a large amount of inert gas (preferably nitrogen) is sprayed out of the third-stage inert gas spraying mechanism to inertize and cover the remaining combustibles and areas where reignition may occur, ultimately achieving complete explosion suppression.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Multi-level synergy, multiplying efficiency: The three mechanisms of physical flame arrest, chemical flame extinguishing and inertization suffocation work in sequence, forming a highly efficient explosion suppression barrier, which is especially suitable for suppressing rapidly developing explosions.

[0018] (2) Intelligent discrimination and suppression on demand: By using multi-parameter fusion to judge the explosion intensity, a differentiated explosion suppression strategy is realized, avoiding resource waste and insufficient suppression, and significantly improving the accuracy and economy of explosion suppression.

[0019] (3) Compact structure and high reliability: The layered integrated design facilitates installation and maintenance, and the intelligent control logic improves the system's ability to resist false alarms and its response reliability.

[0020] (4) The device of the present invention can be applied to the entrance of passages or enclosed spaces that require protection, such as coal mine roadways, chemical pipelines, and storage rooms for flammable and explosive materials, to improve safety protection performance. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the first-stage porous fire-retardant layer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the explosion suppression testing device based on multi-level collaboration and intelligent discrimination of the present invention includes an explosion pipeline, a gas distribution unit, an ignition unit, a detection unit, a control unit, an execution unit, and a data acquisition unit; the explosion pipeline is arranged horizontally along the left-right direction in the length direction; The gas distribution unit is connected to the left end of the explosion pipeline and is used to deliver a certain concentration of premixed combustible gas to the explosion pipeline; The ignition unit is located at the left end of the explosion pipe and is used to ignite the premixed combustible gas in the explosion pipe; The detection unit is arranged along the length of the exploded pipe to monitor and collect environmental parameters of the exploded pipe in real time and generate signals; The control unit signal input terminal is connected to the detection unit signal output terminal to receive and process the signals sent by the detection unit and generate control commands; The execution units are arranged at intervals along the length of the explosion pipe. The signal input terminal of the execution unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the control unit, and is used to receive control commands issued by the control unit and execute explosion suppression actions. The data acquisition unit is used to acquire images of the explosion overpressure and flame propagation inside the exploded pipeline.

[0023] The explosion-proof pipeline is made of transparent, high-temperature resistant, and high-pressure resistant quartz glass. The explosion-proof pipeline includes a left pipeline 25, a middle pipeline 26, and a right pipeline 27 connected in series from left to right. Both ends of the left pipeline 25, the middle pipeline 26, and the right pipeline 27 are equipped with flanges for docking. The flange at the left end of the left pipeline 25 is connected to a left blind flange 30, and the flange at the right end of the right pipeline 27 is connected to a right blind flange 28.

[0024] The gas distribution unit includes a vacuum pump 1, a vacuum gauge 17, a combustible gas cylinder 2, and a first compressed air cylinder 3. A gas pipe connector 31 is connected to the left blind plate 30. The vacuum gauge 17 is installed on the gas pipe connector 31. The vacuum pump 1 is connected to the gas pipe connector 31 through a vacuum tube. A first valve is provided on the vacuum tube. The combustible gas cylinder 2 is connected to the gas pipe connector 31 through a combustible gas supply pipe. A second valve and a mass flow meter 29 are provided on the combustible gas supply pipe. The first compressed air cylinder 3 is connected to the gas pipe connector 31 through an air supply pipe. A third valve is provided on the air supply pipe.

[0025] The ignition unit includes an electric spark generator 4 and an ignition electrode 16. The ignition electrode 16 is mounted on the left blind plate 30, and the electric spark generator 4 is connected to the ignition electrode 16 via a wire.

[0026] The detection unit includes a temperature sensor 18 and a pressure sensor 19 installed on the left pipe 25.

[0027] The execution unit includes a first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer 20, a second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism, and a third-stage inert gas injection mechanism; The first-stage porous fire-resistant layer 20 is installed between the flange at the right end of the left pipe 25 and the flange at the left end of the middle pipe 26. The first-stage porous fire-resistant layer 20 is made of nickel metal foam with a porosity of 95% and a pore size of 500 PPI, and is processed into a flange shape with a thickness of 50mm.

[0028] The second-stage ultrafine dry powder spraying mechanism includes a second compressed air cylinder 9 and an ultrafine dry powder high-pressure storage tank 13. The air inlet of the second compressed air cylinder 9 and the ultrafine dry powder high-pressure storage tank 13 are connected through a first jet pipe. A fourth valve is provided on the first jet pipe. The outlet of the ultrafine dry powder high-pressure storage tank 13 is connected to an ultrafine dry powder spray head 15 through a first high-speed solenoid valve 14. The spray nozzle of the ultrafine dry powder spray head 15 extends into the middle pipe 26. The ultrafine dry powder high-pressure storage tank 13 stores ABC ultrafine dry powder at a working pressure of 1.2 MPa. A 60° wide-angle nozzle (ultrafine dry powder spray head 15) is controlled by the first high-speed solenoid valve 14 for spraying.

[0029] The third-stage inert gas injection mechanism includes a third compressed air cylinder 8 and an inert gas high-pressure storage tank 10. The inlet of the third compressed air cylinder 8 and the inert gas high-pressure storage tank 10 are connected through a second jet pipe. A fifth valve is provided on the second jet pipe. The outlet of the inert gas high-pressure storage tank 10 is connected to an inert gas injection head 12 through a second high-speed solenoid valve 11. The injection port of the inert gas injection head 12 extends into the right pipe 27. The inert gas high-pressure storage tank 10 is a storage cylinder containing high-pressure nitrogen (15MPa). A fan-shaped nozzle (inert gas injection head 12) is controlled by a second high-speed solenoid valve 11 (response time <2ms).

[0030] The first-stage explosion suppression mechanism (first-stage porous material fire-resistant layer 20) is a fixed passive fire-resistant barrier that extinguishes the explosion flame instantly through physical contact, without the need for electrical triggering. The command output (Output_1) of the control unit is not used to drive the first-stage explosion suppression mechanism, but rather serves as a logical flag for the system's explosion suppression strategy, used to decide whether to activate subsequent active explosion suppression mechanisms (second-stage and third-stage explosion suppression mechanisms).

[0031] The control unit includes a controller 5, a temperature sensor 18, a pressure sensor 19, a first high-speed solenoid valve 14, and a second high-speed solenoid valve 11, which are respectively connected to the controller 5 via signal lines.

[0032] The data acquisition unit includes a computer 6, a high-speed camera 7, and four explosion pressure sensors (21, 22, 23, 24). The high-speed camera 7 captures images of the explosion flame inside the explosion pipe. The four explosion pressure sensors (21, 22, 23, 24) are evenly distributed on the middle pipe 26 and the right pipe 27. The high-speed camera 7 and the four explosion pressure sensors (21, 22, 23, 24) are all connected to the computer 6 through data acquisition cables.

[0033] The explosion suppression test method based on multi-level collaboration and intelligent discrimination, implemented using the aforementioned explosion suppression test device, includes the following steps: S1. Vacuuming the exploded pipe: Open the first valve, start the vacuum pump 1, and pump air out of the exploded pipe through the connecting pipe until the vacuum gauge 17 shows that the pressure inside the exploded pipe has dropped to the set vacuum level (e.g., -0.1 MPa). Then close the vacuum pump 1 and the first valve to ensure that the initial environment is airless or low-air condition to avoid interference from residual air on the experimental results. S2. Injecting combustible gas and air into the explosion pipeline: Open the second valve, and the combustible gas cylinder 2 injects a predetermined volume of combustible gas into the explosion pipeline through the mass flow meter 29. The mass flow meter 29 displays the amount of combustible gas introduced into the explosion pipeline. After the combustible gas is injected, close the second valve and open the third valve. The first compressed air cylinder 3 injects compressed air into the explosion pipeline. The combustible gas and air are fully mixed to form a uniform premixed combustible gas environment in the explosion pipeline. After the air is injected to the predetermined amount, close the third valve. S3, Ignition: After the gas distribution unit completes the configuration of the premixed combustible gas and the concentration of the mixed gas in the explosion pipeline stabilizes, the electric spark generator 4 is activated. The electric spark generator 4 instantly outputs a high voltage, which is applied between the two ignition electrodes 16 on the left blind plate 30 installed in the explosion pipeline. The high voltage generates a high-temperature electric spark with concentrated energy, which directly ignites the combustible premixed gas around the left blind plate 30, forming an initial fire core. The initial fire core rapidly releases energy, ignites the adjacent combustible premixed gas, forms a self-sustaining spherical flame or planar flame front, and begins to propagate towards the right end of the explosion pipeline, while generating an explosion overpressure and a significant temperature rise, thus completely simulating the initial and development process of a combustible gas explosion. S4. The detection unit collects pressure and temperature signals and transmits them to the control unit: As the explosion flame propagates forward, the temperature sensor 18 installed on the left pipe 25 quickly senses the rapid temperature rise brought by the flame front and continuously converts it into a corresponding temperature analog signal T. The temperature analog signal T accurately represents the dynamic process of the flame temperature changing over time. The pressure wave generated by the explosion propagates rapidly to the right in the explosion pipe, and the pressure sensor 19 responds immediately. The pressure change on the sensing surface of the pressure sensor 19 is continuously converted into a corresponding pressure analog signal P. The pressure analog signal P accurately represents the dynamic process of the pressure changing over time during the explosion. The pressure analog signal P and the temperature analog signal T are transmitted to the controller 5 in real time and synchronously through the shielded signal line. S5 and controller 5 receive analog voltage signals, namely pressure signal P and temperature signal T, from the detection unit in real time through a high-speed input interface. These analog signals are first converted into digital signals that can be directly processed by the processor via a built-in high-precision analog-to-digital converter. To prevent misjudgment caused by interference signals, the converted digital signals are filtered in real time to effectively eliminate high-frequency environmental noise and circuit noise, and extract the pressure and temperature change trends that truly reflect the explosion process. The pre-processed signals enter the core discrimination algorithm. The control command generated by the controller 5 through the core discrimination algorithm is sent to the corresponding high-speed solenoid valve drive circuit in the execution unit in the form of an electrical signal through the high-speed output module. The entire process, from signal reception to command output, has a total response time controlled within milliseconds, ensuring the early intervention of the explosion suppression action. S6. The first-stage porous material fire-resistant layer 20 is a fixed passive barrier that is always in standby mode without the need for electrical control triggering; the second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism and the third-stage inert gas injection mechanism of the execution unit receive control commands from the control unit and perform explosion suppression actions. S7. While steps S3 - S6 are being carried out, the data acquisition unit is responsible for recording key physical parameters and flame propagation images throughout the explosion and explosion suppression process, providing detailed and objective experimental data for evaluating the effectiveness of the explosion suppression device, verifying the accuracy of the intelligent discrimination algorithm, and studying the law of explosion development; The data acquisition unit uses the ignition signal as an external trigger source to ensure that the data acquisition unit starts recording from the same moment (t = 0) at the beginning of the explosion, ensuring strict time alignment between different data channels; through multiple explosion pressure sensors arranged in the middle pipeline 26 and the right pipeline 27, continuously and at a high frequency, it acquires the pressure - time history curve generated by the explosion. These dynamic pressure data are transmitted to the computer 6 in real time for accurate analysis of the explosion overpressure peak value, pressure rise rate (dP / dt), and the weakening effect of the explosion suppression measures on the shock wave; at the same time, the high - speed camera 7 is used to record the whole process of the propagation, morphological changes of the explosion flame, and its interaction with each level of explosion suppression mechanism; these image data visually reflect the propagation speed, structural evolution, and suppressed details of the flame.

[0034] The core discrimination algorithm in step S5 performs the following two key operations in parallel: (1) Calculate the pressure rise rate (dP / dt): Perform real - time differential operation on the continuous pressure - time digital sequence to obtain the instantaneous pressure change rate at the current moment. This parameter directly reflects the severity of the explosion development; (2) Calculate the temperature rise rate (dT / dt): Perform real - time differential operation on the continuous temperature - time digital sequence to obtain the instantaneous temperature change rate at the current moment. This parameter directly reflects the intensity of the flame propagation; Compare the values of dP / dt and dT / dt calculated in real time with the thresholds (L1, L2) preset in the controller 5, and execute the following multi - parameter fusion discrimination logic: Ⅰ. If dP / dt < L1 and dT / dt < L2, it is discriminated as a weak - intensity explosion; Ⅱ. If dP / dt < L1 but dT / dt ≥ L2, it is discriminated as a medium - intensity explosion; Ⅲ. If dP / dt ≥ L1 (regardless of the value of dT / dt), it is discriminated as a high - intensity explosion; According to the above discrimination results, the control unit dynamically generates the optimal explosion suppression strategy and outputs the corresponding control instructions to the execution unit: ②. If it is a weak - intensity explosion: Generate and output the instruction Output_1 (a logical flag indicating the activation of the first - level explosion suppression mechanism); The first - level explosion suppression mechanism is the first - level porous material fire - blocking layer 20; ② If it is a medium-intensity explosion: Generate and output the commands Output_1 & Output_2 simultaneously (instructing the simultaneous activation of the first-stage explosion suppression mechanism and the second-stage explosion suppression mechanism), the second-stage explosion suppression mechanism being the second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism; ③ In the case of a high-intensity explosion: Generate and simultaneously output the commands Output_1&Output_2&Output_3 (instructing the simultaneous activation of the first-stage explosion suppression mechanism, the second-stage explosion suppression mechanism, and the third-stage explosion suppression mechanism). The third-stage explosion suppression mechanism is the third-stage inert gas injection mechanism.

[0035] In step S6, Output_1 in the control command mainly serves as a logical flag for system-wide coordinated explosion suppression; based on the explosion intensity determination results, each level of explosion suppression mechanism is activated according to the following precise timing sequence to form a coordinated explosion suppression chain: Level 1: Physical flame arrest and quenching (instantaneous action) The explosion wave and flame first arrive at and penetrate the first-stage porous material fire-resistant layer 20; the first-stage porous material fire-resistant layer 20, through the wall effect of its numerous micropores, efficiently quenches the flame core, divides the continuous flame surface and consumes its kinetic energy, achieving preliminary physical suppression and significant deceleration of the explosion flame, creating favorable conditions for subsequent chemical and inerting suppression. Level 2: Chemical inhibition and chain reaction termination (delay < 1 ms) Following the action of the first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer 20, if the instruction includes Output_2, the first high-speed solenoid valve 14 of the second-stage ultrafine dry powder spraying mechanism will immediately open. Under the action of the high-pressure airflow in the second compressed air cylinder 9, the ultrafine dry powder chemical inhibitor in the ultrafine dry powder high-pressure storage tank 13 will be uniformly and rapidly sprayed into the slowed-down flame area in the central pipe 26 through the ultrafine dry powder spray head 15. Through its surface chemical action, the ultrafine dry powder will capture and consume a large number of free radicals necessary for the combustion chain reaction, thereby efficiently terminating the combustion reaction. Level 3: Inerting suffocation and shock wave attenuation (delay < 2ms) Almost simultaneously with the second-stage action, if the instruction includes Output_3, the second high-speed solenoid valve 11 of the third-stage inert gas injection mechanism opens synchronously; under the action of the high-pressure airflow in the third compressed air cylinder 8, the inert gas in the high-pressure inert gas storage tank 10 is ejected at high speed through the inert gas injection head 12, instantly forming a uniform inert gas curtain at the cross-section of the right pipe 27; this action aims to quickly dilute and reduce the oxygen concentration in the protected area, and completely suffocate any remaining fire sources or smoldering flames. At the same time, the ejected high-speed airflow also weakens the explosion shock wave to a certain extent.

[0036] The above embodiments illustrate the basic principles and features of the present invention, but are merely preferred embodiments and are not limited to these embodiments. Those skilled in the art, inspired by this patent, can make many modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of this patent and its protection should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An explosion suppression testing device based on multi-level collaboration and intelligent discrimination, characterized in that: It includes an explosion pipeline, a gas distribution unit, an ignition unit, a detection unit, a control unit, an execution unit, and a data acquisition unit; the explosion pipeline is arranged horizontally along its length in the left-right direction; The gas distribution unit is connected to the left end of the explosion pipeline and is used to deliver a certain concentration of premixed combustible gas to the explosion pipeline; The ignition unit is located at the left end of the explosion pipe and is used to ignite the premixed combustible gas in the explosion pipe; The detection unit is arranged along the length of the exploded pipe to monitor and collect environmental parameters of the exploded pipe in real time and generate signals; The control unit signal input terminal is connected to the detection unit signal output terminal to receive and process the signals sent by the detection unit and generate control commands; The execution units are arranged at intervals along the length of the explosion pipe. The signal input terminal of the execution unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the control unit, and is used to receive control commands issued by the control unit and execute explosion suppression actions. The data acquisition unit is used to acquire images of the explosion overpressure and flame propagation inside the exploded pipeline.

2. The explosion suppression testing device based on multi-stage cooperation and intelligent discrimination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion-proof pipeline is made of transparent, high-temperature resistant, and high-pressure resistant quartz glass. The explosion-proof pipeline includes a left pipeline, a middle pipeline, and a right pipeline connected in series from left to right. Both ends of the left pipeline, the middle pipeline, and the right pipeline are equipped with flanges for docking. The flange at the left end of the left pipeline is connected to a left blind flange, and the flange at the right end of the right pipeline is connected to a right blind flange.

3. The explosion suppression testing device based on multi-stage cooperation and intelligent discrimination according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas distribution unit includes a vacuum pump, a vacuum gauge, a combustible gas cylinder, and a first compressed air cylinder. A gas line connector is connected to the left blind plate. The vacuum gauge is installed on the gas line connector. The vacuum pump is connected to the gas line connector through a vacuum tube, which is equipped with a first valve. The combustible gas cylinder is connected to the gas line connector through a combustible gas supply pipe, which is equipped with a second valve and a mass flow meter. The first compressed air cylinder is connected to the gas line connector through an air supply pipe, which is equipped with a third valve.

4. The explosion suppression testing device based on multi-stage cooperation and intelligent discrimination according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ignition unit includes an electric spark generator and an ignition electrode. The ignition electrode is mounted on the left blind plate, and the electric spark generator is connected to the ignition electrode via a wire.

5. The explosion suppression testing device based on multi-stage cooperation and intelligent discrimination according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection unit includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor installed on the left pipe.

6. The multi-stage cooperative and intelligent discrimination based explosion suppression testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The execution unit includes a first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer, a second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism, and a third-stage inert gas injection mechanism; The first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer is installed between the flange at the right end of the left pipe and the flange at the left end of the middle pipe. The second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism includes a second compressed air cylinder and an ultra-fine dry powder high-pressure storage tank. The air inlet of the second compressed air cylinder and the ultra-fine dry powder high-pressure storage tank are connected through a first jet pipe. A fourth valve is provided on the first jet pipe. The outlet of the ultra-fine dry powder high-pressure storage tank is connected to an ultra-fine dry powder spray head through a first high-speed solenoid valve. The spray nozzle of the ultra-fine dry powder spray head extends into the middle pipe. The third-stage inert gas injection mechanism includes a third compressed air cylinder and an inert gas high-pressure storage tank. The inlet of the third compressed air cylinder and the inert gas high-pressure storage tank are connected through a second jet pipe. A fifth valve is provided on the second jet pipe. The outlet of the inert gas high-pressure storage tank is connected to an inert gas injection head through a second high-speed solenoid valve. The injection port of the inert gas injection head extends into the right pipe. The control unit includes a controller, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a first high-speed solenoid valve, and a second high-speed solenoid valve, which are connected to the controller via signal lines.

7. The multi-stage cooperative and intelligent discrimination based explosion suppression testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The data acquisition unit includes a computer, a high-speed camera, and multiple explosion pressure sensors. The high-speed camera captures images of the explosion flames inside the explosion pipe, and the multiple explosion pressure sensors are evenly distributed on the middle and right pipes. The high-speed camera and the multiple explosion pressure sensors are all connected to the computer via data acquisition cables.

8. The explosion suppression testing method based on multi-stage cooperation and intelligent discrimination, which is implemented by using the explosion suppression testing device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Vacuuming the exploded pipe: Open the first valve, start the vacuum pump, and pump air out of the exploded pipe through the connecting pipeline until the vacuum gauge shows that the pressure inside the exploded pipe has dropped to the set vacuum level (e.g., -0.1MPa). Then close the vacuum pump and the first valve to ensure that the initial environment is airless or low-air condition to avoid interference from residual air on the experimental results. S2. Inject combustible gas and air into the explosion pipeline: Open the second valve, and the combustible gas cylinder injects a predetermined volume of combustible gas into the explosion pipeline through the mass flow meter. The mass flow meter displays the amount of combustible gas entering the explosion pipeline. After the combustible gas is injected, close the second valve and open the third valve. The first compressed air cylinder injects compressed air into the explosion pipeline. The combustible gas and air are fully mixed to form a uniform premixed combustible gas environment in the explosion pipeline. After the air is injected to the predetermined amount, close the third valve. S3, Ignition: After the gas distribution unit completes the configuration of the premixed combustible gas and the concentration of the mixed gas in the explosion pipeline stabilizes, the electric spark generator is activated. The electric spark generator instantly outputs a high voltage, which is applied between the two ignition electrodes installed on the left blind plate of the explosion pipeline. The high voltage generates a high-temperature electric spark with concentrated energy, which directly ignites the combustible premixed gas around the left blind plate, forming an initial fire core. The initial fire core rapidly releases energy, ignites the adjacent combustible premixed gas, forms a self-sustaining spherical flame or planar flame front, and begins to propagate towards the right end of the explosion pipeline, while generating an explosion overpressure and a significant temperature rise, thus completely simulating the initial and development process of a combustible gas explosion. S4. The detection unit collects pressure and temperature signals and transmits them to the control unit: As the explosion flame propagates forward, the temperature sensor installed on the left pipe quickly senses the rapid temperature rise caused by the flame front and continuously converts it into a corresponding temperature analog signal T. The temperature analog signal T accurately represents the dynamic process of the flame temperature changing over time. The pressure wave generated by the explosion propagates rapidly to the right in the explosion pipe, and the pressure sensor responds immediately. The pressure change on the sensing surface of the pressure sensor is continuously converted into a corresponding pressure analog signal P. The pressure analog signal P accurately represents the dynamic process of pressure changing over time during the explosion. The pressure analog signal P and the temperature analog signal T are transmitted to the controller in real time and synchronously through a shielded signal line. S5. The controller receives analog voltage signals, namely pressure signal P and temperature signal T, from the detection unit in real time through a high-speed input interface. These analog signals are first converted into digital signals that can be directly processed by the processor through the built-in high-precision analog-to-digital converter. In order to prevent interference signals from causing misjudgment, the converted digital signals are filtered in real time to effectively eliminate high-frequency environmental noise and circuit noise, and extract the pressure and temperature change trends that truly reflect the explosion process. The pre-processed signal enters the core discrimination algorithm. The controller generates control commands through the core discrimination algorithm and sends them to the corresponding high-speed solenoid valve drive circuit in the execution unit in the form of electrical signals through the high-speed output module. The entire process, from signal reception to command output, has a total response time controlled in milliseconds, ensuring the early intervention of the explosion suppression action. S6. The first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer is a fixed passive barrier that is always in standby mode without the need for electrical control triggering; the second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism and the third-stage inert gas injection mechanism of the execution unit receive control commands from the control unit and perform explosion suppression actions. S7. While steps S3-S6 are being performed, the data acquisition unit is responsible for recording the key physical parameters and flame propagation images during the entire explosion and explosion suppression process, providing detailed and objective experimental data for evaluating the effectiveness of the explosion suppression device, verifying the accuracy of the intelligent discrimination algorithm, and studying the explosion development law. The data acquisition unit uses the ignition signal as an external trigger source to ensure that all data acquisition units start recording from the same moment (t=0) at the start of the explosion, ensuring strict time alignment between different data channels; Multiple explosion pressure sensors deployed in the middle and right pipes continuously and at high frequency collect the pressure-time history curves generated by the explosion. These dynamic pressure data are transmitted to a computer in real time for precise analysis of the explosion overpressure peak, pressure rise rate (dP / dt), and the weakening effect of explosion suppression measures on the shock wave. At the same time, high-speed cameras are used to record the propagation, morphological changes, and interaction with explosion suppression mechanisms at all levels of the explosion flame. These image data intuitively reflect the flame propagation speed, structural evolution, and details of suppression.

9. The multi-stage cooperation and intelligent discrimination based explosion suppression test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The core discrimination algorithm in step S5 performs the following two key operations in parallel: (1) Calculate the rate of pressure rise (dP / dt): Perform real-time differential operation on the continuous pressure-time digital sequence to obtain the instantaneous rate of change of pressure at the current moment. This parameter directly reflects the intensity of the explosion development. (2) Calculate the rate of temperature rise (dT / dt): Perform real-time differential operation on the continuous temperature-time digital sequence to obtain the instantaneous rate of temperature change at the current moment. This parameter directly reflects the intensity of flame propagation. The real-time calculated dP / dt and dT / dt values ​​are compared with the pre-set thresholds (L1, L2) in the controller, and the following multi-parameter fusion discrimination logic is executed: Ⅰ. If dP / dt < L1 and dT / dt < L2, then it is determined to be a weak-intensity explosion; II. If dP / dt < L1 but dT / dt ≥ L2, then it is determined to be a medium-intensity explosion; III. If dP / dt ≥ L1 (regardless of the value of dT / dt), then it is determined to be a high-intensity explosion; Based on the above judgment results, the control unit dynamically generates the optimal explosion suppression strategy and outputs corresponding control commands to the execution unit: If it is a weak explosion: Generate and output the command Output_1 (logic flag, indicating the activation of the first-stage explosion suppression mechanism). The first-level explosion suppression mechanism is the first-level porous material fire-resistant layer; ② If it is a medium-intensity explosion: Generate and simultaneously output the commands Output_1 & Output_2 (instructing the simultaneous activation of the first-stage explosion suppression mechanism and the second-stage explosion suppression mechanism), the second-stage explosion suppression mechanism being the second-stage ultra-fine dry powder spraying mechanism; ③ In the case of a high-intensity explosion: generate and simultaneously output the commands Output_1 & Output_2 & Output_3 (instructing the simultaneous activation of the first-stage explosion suppression mechanism, the second-stage explosion suppression mechanism, and the third-stage explosion suppression mechanism), the third-stage explosion suppression mechanism being the third-stage inert gas injection mechanism.

10. The multi-stage cooperation and intelligent discrimination based explosion suppression test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S6, Output_1 in the control command mainly serves as a logical flag for system-wide coordinated explosion suppression; based on the explosion intensity determination results, each level of explosion suppression mechanism is activated according to the following precise timing sequence to form a coordinated explosion suppression chain: Level 1: Physical flame arrest and quenching (instantaneous action) The explosion wave and flames first arrive at and penetrate the first-stage porous material fire-resistant layer; the first-stage porous material fire-resistant layer, through the wall effect of its numerous micropores, efficiently quenches the flame core, divides the continuous flame surface and consumes its kinetic energy, achieving preliminary physical suppression and significant deceleration of the explosion flame, creating favorable conditions for subsequent chemical and inerting suppression. Level 2: Chemical inhibition and chain reaction termination (delay < 1 ms) Following the action of the first-stage porous material fire-retardant layer, if the instruction includes Output_2, the first high-speed solenoid valve of the second-stage ultrafine dry powder spraying mechanism will immediately open. Under the action of the high-pressure airflow in the second compressed air cylinder, the ultrafine dry powder chemical inhibitor in the high-pressure storage tank is uniformly and rapidly sprayed into the slowed-down flame area in the middle pipe through the ultrafine dry powder spray head. Through its surface chemical action, the ultrafine dry powder captures and consumes a large number of free radicals necessary for the combustion chain reaction, thereby efficiently terminating the combustion reaction. Level 3: Inerting suffocation and shock wave attenuation (delay < 2ms) Almost simultaneously with the second-stage action, if the instruction includes Output_3, the second high-speed solenoid valve of the third-stage inert gas injection mechanism opens synchronously. Under the action of the high-pressure airflow in the third compressed air cylinder, the inert gas in the high-pressure inert gas storage tank is ejected at high speed through the inert gas injector, instantly forming a uniform inert gas curtain on the right pipe section. This action aims to quickly dilute and reduce the oxygen concentration in the protected area, completely suffocating any remaining ignition sources or smoldering flames. At the same time, the ejected high-speed airflow also weakens the explosion shock wave to some extent.

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