Dual-core heterogeneous CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor) driving circuit of micro spectrometer

Abstract

The invention relates to a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS drive circuit of a micro spectrometer in the technical field of spectrum detection and integrated circuit design, which comprises a dual-core heterogeneous main control chip, a drive chip, an AD acquisition chip, a built-in algorithm module and a data interface module, and is characterized in that the dual-core heterogeneous main control chip comprises an ARM core and an FPGA core; the ARM core converts an instruction sent by main control equipment into a standardized control signal, the FPGA core receives the control signal output by the ARM core and generates a driving time sequence signal, and the driving chip drives the CMOS sensor to output a video signal; the AD acquisition chip is driven to carry out data acquisition on video signals, original analog signals in the video signals are converted into digital signals to obtain original data of a spectrum, the ARM core packages the original data and transmits the original data to the built-in algorithm module, and a detection result report is generated. And the ARM core transmits the original data and the detection result report back to the main control equipment through the data interface module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of driving circuit technology, and in particular to a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer. Background Technology

[0002] Spectroscopic detection methods, as one of the core tools in modern analytical technology, are a rapid, efficient, non-destructive, highly sensitive, and highly accurate detection technique for exploring the physicochemical properties and intrinsic qualities of objective substances. Utilizing the interaction (absorption, emission, scattering, etc.) between substances and different wavelength spectra (such as ultraviolet, visible, infrared, Raman, etc.), and by analyzing the characteristic information contained in the spectral signals, it can quickly obtain key physicochemical indicators such as chemical composition, content distribution, molecular structure, and physical state of substances. This eliminates the need for complex pretreatment or destructive preparation of samples, preserving sample integrity and significantly shortening the detection cycle. Furthermore, thanks to advanced optical sensing and signal processing technologies, it achieves precise capture of trace components, trace impurities, and subtle physicochemical differences. It is widely used in food and drug safety testing, environmental monitoring, industrial quality control, materials science, life sciences, and many other fields, providing scientific, efficient, and reliable technical support for scientific research and practical production.

[0003] As a core portable device in the field of modern optical detection, miniature spectrometers, with their lightweight and miniaturized design and highly integrated optical sensing architecture, have become a key tool for rapidly acquiring and accurately analyzing the spectral information of substances. By integrating miniature optical elements (such as micro-gratings and miniature detector arrays), signal conversion modules, and embedded data processing units, they can efficiently capture the interaction signals (absorption, reflection, emission, Raman scattering, etc.) between substances and specific wavelengths of light, including ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectra. They can also quickly resolve key information such as characteristic peaks and intensity distributions in the spectral curves, thereby inferring the core properties of substances, such as chemical composition, content percentage, molecular structure, and physical state. Compared to traditional large spectrometers, miniature spectrometers significantly reduce size and power consumption while maintaining core detection accuracy. They are portable, easy to use, have rapid response, and are highly adaptable to various scenarios. Requiring no complex sample pretreatment or specialized laboratory environment, they can be flexibly applied to on-site rapid detection, mobile monitoring, and online quality control, making them a core supporting device for promoting the lightweight, intelligent, and widespread development of optical detection technology. In the full-scenario application of crop quality assessment (including real-time field monitoring, on-site grading at harvest, dynamic traceability in storage, and online quality control during processing), current spectral detection equipment has significant pain points: On the one hand, the diverse data interface specifications (such as different devices supporting multiple interfaces like RS485, USB3.0, and Ethernet, lacking a unified adaptation standard) result in poor compatibility with different carriers such as agricultural robots, handheld terminals, and automated testing equipment, making application expansion interface development difficult. On the other hand, existing equipment has weak data processing capabilities, relying heavily on backend computers for offline analysis, making it difficult to achieve real-time on-site analysis of key indicators such as crop moisture, sugar content, protein, and pesticide residues. Furthermore, its ability to withstand environmental interference such as fluctuations in field light and changes in temperature and humidity is insufficient, easily affecting detection accuracy. Meanwhile, traditional spectrometers are bulky and consume a lot of power, making them unsuitable for diverse application scenarios such as handheld operation, drone mounting, and small testing terminals. Their low level of intelligence requires professional personnel for operation and data interpretation, hindering their widespread application in agricultural production. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a miniature spectrometer with high-speed response (millisecond-level spectral acquisition), high precision (narrow band resolution, low signal noise), miniaturization (lightweight design, adaptable to multiple carriers), and deep intelligence (integrated algorithms, unified standardized data interface, support for real-time analysis and automatic rating) to solve core challenges such as interface compatibility, data processing, and scene adaptation, providing an efficient, flexible, and reliable technical solution for crop quality assessment. Currently, there is relevant research on miniature spectrometers with high-speed response, high precision, miniaturization, and deep intelligence: Tong Jianping, Dong Shaobo, et al. ("Development of a Miniature Ultraviolet-Visible Fiber Optic Spectrometer", Zhejiang University of Technology, 2016) proposed a miniature fiber optic spectrometer. This miniature fiber optic spectrometer uses an S11639 driver circuit for operation, and its system block diagram is as follows: Figure 1 The scheme shown is as follows. The data acquisition of this spectrometer mainly relies on circuit design, including the reception, processing, and transmission of optical signals. The reception of optical signals mainly relies on photodetectors, which convert the optical signals into electrical signals. The electrical signals need to be adjusted for reference points and levels through circuitry. After A / D conversion, the data is stored using an external RAM chip. Then, an ARM microprocessor is used for data acquisition and transmission. The obtained data is transmitted to the main control device via USB for spectral display. In order to control the coordinated operation of various components in the circuit, a control circuit composed of CPLD logic devices is needed to generate drive pulses that match the CMOS, address encoding of the external RAM, and A / D sampling pulses.

[0004] The design of the S11639 driver circuit is as follows: Figure 2As shown in the diagram, the driver circuit design provides the S11639 with a CLK master clock signal and an ST signal, and utilizes its Trig signal as the clock signal for subsequent data A / D conversion and the address generation signal for data RAM storage. The A / D converter uses the AD9235 chip, capable of 12-bit parallel output; the external RAM uses the IS61LV3216L with 512 dpi and a maximum access time of 20ns; the control chip is the STM32F103 chip; the S11639 drive timing, A / D sampling timing, and RAM address generation timing are implemented using the CPLD chip EPM7064AE. Utilizing the timer function of the STM32F103 chip, a 1MHz clock signal is generated and output to the S11639 as the CLK clock through the CPLD's internal control. The Trig signal from the S11639 is acquired by the CPLD and used in conjunction with the STM32F103 chip to generate the A / D sampling timing and RAM address generation timing. The Video signal output by the S11639 is adopted by the AD9235, which outputs 12 bits of parallel data, stores it in external SRAM, reads it into the internal data buffer of the STM32F103, and finally copies it to the USB common buffer. The data is then transmitted to the host device via the internal USB interface of the STM32F103.

[0005] In summary, the main drawbacks of existing technologies are their complex design, large number of chips used, resulting in increased PCB board area and cost, and lack of external trigger signals.

[0006] Explanation of relevant terms: A. USB 3.0: Universal Serial Bus 3.0 is an external bus standard used to regulate the connection and communication between computers and external devices.

[0007] B.FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array, is a type of semiconductor integrated circuit.

[0008] C.UART: A universal serial data bus used for asynchronous communication.

[0009] D.CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the technical problems of existing micro spectrometers, such as complex design, large number of chips, increased PCB board area and cost, and lack of external trigger signals, this invention provides a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for micro spectrometers.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution, including: In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer, comprising: a dual-core heterogeneous main control chip, a driving chip, an AD acquisition chip, a built-in algorithm module, and a data interface module, wherein the dual-core heterogeneous main control chip comprises: an ARM core and an FPGA core; The ARM core receives and parses instructions from the main control device, generates standardized control signals, and transmits these signals to the FPGA core. The FPGA core receives the control signals, generates drive timing signals, and drives the CMOS sensor via a driver chip. The CMOS sensor outputs a video signal. Simultaneously, the FPGA core drives an AD acquisition chip to acquire data from the video signal, converting the original analog signal into a digital signal to obtain the raw spectral data. This raw data is transmitted from the FPGA core to the ARM core, which encapsulates the data and uses its built-in algorithm module to generate a detection result report. Finally, the raw spectral data and the detection result report are transmitted back to the main control device via a data interface module. The main control device then stores the raw spectral data and the detection result report.

[0012] Preferably, the data interface module includes: a USB interface, an Ethernet port, and a serial port, and the data interface module is equipped with a USB main control chip, an Ethernet main control chip, and a serial port main control chip; Furthermore, the USB host control chip uses the CYUSB3014 chip; The Ethernet main control chip uses the KSZ9031 chip; The serial port controller chip is the MAX3485 chip.

[0013] Preferably, the data interface module has a built-in intelligent adaptation algorithm to select different transmission modes based on the transmission characteristics of different interfaces: When the USB interface is connected, the data interface module automatically switches to batch transfer mode; When using the Ethernet port, the data interface module enables a stable transmission mode based on the TCP / IP protocol; When the serial port is enabled, the data interface module matches the industrial-grade asynchronous communication mode.

[0014] Preferably, the built-in algorithm module processes the raw data through spectral baseline correction, characteristic peak extraction, and multivariate analysis to complete the qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of the target substance and generate a test result report.

[0015] Preferably, the dual-core heterogeneous main control chip uses the ZYNQ7020 chip, with the ARM core and FPGA core integrated on the ZYNQ7020 chip; The driver chip used is the 74H14 chip; The AD acquisition chip used is the AD9826 chip.

[0016] Preferably, the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit of the miniature spectrometer further includes: Flash memory: used to pre-store the default operating parameters of the CMOS sensor, including the spectral acquisition mode, integration time, data sampling rate, and target temperature for temperature control; Power module: Used to provide power to various functional modules of the circuit. The power module adopts a low-noise voltage regulation design to ensure the power supply stability of CMOS sensor, ARM core and FPGA core during high-precision acquisition; at the same time, it supports a wide voltage input range to adapt to various field power supply environments and improve the system's adaptability. TEC module: Used to receive the operating temperature of the CMOS sensor in real time, and dynamically output TEC+ and TEC- signals in combination with PWM temperature control algorithm to regulate the temperature of the CMOS sensor.

[0017] Preferably, the ARM core encapsulates the raw spectral data in a standard data format, and the raw data includes: device number, acquisition time, and parameter configuration.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention also proposes a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driver chip for a micro spectrometer, which is packaged from the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driver circuit of the micro spectrometer described in the first aspect.

[0019] Thirdly, the present invention also proposes a miniature spectrometer, comprising: A dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer; CMOS sensor: used to capture monochromatic light signals after they have been split by the optical path, and convert light energy into weak analog electrical signals; CMOS sensor control circuit: Operational amplifier: Used to buffer and amplify the weak analog electrical signals converted by CMOS sensors to obtain standard analog electrical signals; Signal processing module: used to filter out environmental electromagnetic interference and high-frequency noise in standard analog electrical signals to obtain video signals; Built-in temperature sensor: used to monitor the operating temperature of the CMOS sensor in real time.

[0020] Preferably, the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit and CMOS sensor control circuit of the micro spectrometer work independently and collaboratively, and the two achieve signal interaction and command transmission through a standardized interface to ensure the accuracy, real-time performance and stability of spectral acquisition.

[0021] The advantages of this invention are: 1. This invention solves the technical problems of existing micro spectrometers being complex in design and using a large number of chips, which leads to increased PCB board area and cost, by constructing a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a micro spectrometer and integrating the ARM core and FPGA core on the ZYNQ7020 chip.

[0022] 2. This invention overcomes the performance bottleneck of traditional acquisition platforms by employing a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit, achieving high-speed real-time acquisition of CMOS image sensors. It meets the acquisition requirements of high dynamic range and low noise, solving the technical problem of existing miniature spectrometers lacking external trigger signals.

[0023] 3. This invention enables the entire process of spectral data acquisition, feature extraction, model inference, and result calibration to be performed locally through a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit.

[0024] 4. This invention optimizes the platform's hardware and software architecture, taking into account miniaturization, low power consumption, and high stability, and is suitable for multiple application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of a miniature fiber optic spectrometer mentioned in the prior art.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the S11639 drive circuit in a miniature fiber optic spectrometer mentioned in the prior art.

[0027] Figure 3 This is an overall block diagram of the miniature spectrometer of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a timing diagram of the drive of the G11475 CMOS sensor of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "installed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it may be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly fixed to the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] This embodiment provides a miniature spectrometer, which includes a CMOS sensor, a CMOS sensor control circuit, and a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the CMOS sensor is used to capture monochromatic light signals after optical path splitting, converting light energy into weak analog electrical signals; the CMOS sensor control circuit and the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit are used to drive the CMOS sensor to work. The CMOS sensor control circuit and the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit work independently and collaboratively. The two achieve signal interaction and command transmission through a standardized interface to ensure the accuracy, real-time performance and stability of spectral acquisition.

[0033] In this embodiment, the CMOS sensor used is the G11475 CMOS sensor. The G11475 CMOS sensor is a high-sensitivity CMOS linear array detector manufactured by Hamamatsu Corporation, which contains 256 pixels per row. Figure 4 As shown, the G11475 CMOS sensor contains 5 core drive timing signals, which include: clock signal (CLK), reset signal (Reset), sampling signal (AD-sp), trigger signal (AD-Tring), and video data signal (Video). Their specific functions are as follows: (1) CLK.

[0034] CLK is an external clock input. Its function is to provide clock input to the internal clock generator of the CMOS sensor. The CLK clock frequency is the output pixel clock frequency.

[0035] (2) Reset.

[0036] Reset is an externally input asynchronous control signal whose function is to restore the photosensitive unit and part of the readout circuit of each pixel in the CMOS sensor to a known, uniform initial electrical state.

[0037] (3) AD-sp.

[0038] AD-sp is a key control signal in CMOS / CCD sensors used to control the "sample and hold" circuit. Its function is to control when the sensor "locks" the analog voltage value to be converted.

[0039] (4) AD-Tring.

[0040] AD-Tring is a digital control signal in CMOS / CCD sensors used to directly trigger the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to start working. Its function is to issue a "start conversion" command.

[0041] (5) Video.

[0042] Video is the video signal output by the CMOS sensor. The video signal needs to be filtered, amplified, and impedance matched. In addition, the video signal is accompanied by a 1.2V voltage bias, which requires further processing.

[0043] The CMOS sensor control circuit includes: an operational amplifier, a signal processing module, and a built-in temperature sensor.

[0044] An operational amplifier buffers and amplifies the weak analog electrical signal converted from the CMOS sensor to obtain a standard analog electrical signal. A signal processing module filters out environmental electromagnetic interference and high-frequency noise from the standard analog electrical signal to obtain a video signal. A built-in temperature sensor monitors the operating temperature of the CMOS sensor in real time. The CMOS sensor control circuit converts the weak analog electrical signal output by the CMOS sensor into a video signal, and transmits the operating temperature of the CMOS sensor to the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driver circuit in real time.

[0045] The CMOS sensor control circuit is a customized front-end signal processing module, specially installed in the optical cavity at the end of the device's optical path, close to the spectral receiving window. Its core function is to complete the efficient reception, photoelectric conversion, and preliminary preprocessing of spectral signals: on the one hand, it captures the monochromatic light signal after optical path splitting through the G11475 CMOS sensor (matching the 900-1700nm spectral response range, supporting high frame rate and low noise sampling), converting the light energy into a weak analog electrical signal; on the other hand, it buffers and amplifies the analog signal through an operational amplifier, and works with the signal processing module to filter out environmental electromagnetic interference and high-frequency noise, outputting a video signal.

[0046] In this embodiment, the operational amplifier uses an onboard low-noise operational amplifier LT1801 to buffer and amplify the analog signal; the signal processing module includes a signal filtering unit and an amplitude modulation unit, which filter out environmental electromagnetic interference and high-frequency noise and output a video signal; the built-in temperature sensor includes a negative temperature coefficient thermistor NTC, the resistance value of which decreases significantly as the temperature of the CMOS sensor increases, and the NTC is built into the CMOS sensor, forming a thermal coupling with the CMOS sensor, thereby monitoring the temperature change of the CMOS sensor in real time and converting the temperature change of the CMOS sensor into a resistance signal. The built-in temperature sensor converts the resistance signal generated by the NTC into a sensing signal (Vntc) and transmits the Vntc signal to the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit.

[0047] The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driver circuit includes: a data interface module, a dual-core heterogeneous main control chip, a driver chip, an AD acquisition chip, a TEC module, a built-in algorithm module, an expansion interface, a Flash memory, and a power supply module.

[0048] The data interface module includes: a USB interface main control chip, an Ethernet port main control chip, a serial port main control chip, a USB interface, an Ethernet port, and a serial port.

[0049] The USB interface main control chip is connected to the USB interface, and the USB interface main control chip is connected to the main control ARM core via the GPIF II interface; the Ethernet port main control chip is connected to the Ethernet port, and the Ethernet port main control chip is connected to the main control ARM core via the RGMII interface; the serial port main control chip is connected to the serial port, and the serial port main control chip is connected to the main control ARM core via the UART interface.

[0050] In this embodiment, the USB interface main control chip is the CYUSB3014 chip; the Ethernet port main control chip is the KSZ9031 chip; the serial port main control chip is the MAX3485 chip; and the USB interface is a USB 3.0 interface.

[0051] The data interface module is used to receive spectral acquisition parameters (such as sampling frequency and data transmission format), start / stop commands and other control signals sent by the main control device, transmit them to the dual-core heterogeneous main control chip, and synchronously send back the complete raw spectral data and interpretation result report output by the dual-core heterogeneous main control chip to the main control device.

[0052] The data interface module has a built-in intelligent adaptation algorithm to select different transmission modes based on the transmission characteristics of different interfaces. When connected to the USB interface, the data interface module automatically switches to batch transmission mode, with a theoretical transmission rate of 5Gbps, which meets the needs of rapid export of massive spectral data. When using the Ethernet port, the data interface module enables stable transmission based on the TCP / IP protocol, enabling multi-device networking and remote data uploading; When the serial port is enabled, the data interface module matches the industrial-grade asynchronous communication mode to ensure data transmission stability in harsh environments.

[0053] The dual-core heterogeneous main control chip includes a main control ARM core and an FPGA core. In this embodiment, the dual-core heterogeneous main control chip uses the ZYNQ7020 chip, with the main control ARM core and FPGA core integrated on the ZYNQ7020 chip. Wherein: The main ARM core of the controller primarily performs the following tasks: 1. Parse the instructions issued by the main control device.

[0054] The main control ARM core receives spectral acquisition parameters (such as sampling frequency and data transmission format) and start / stop commands from the main control device transmitted by the data transmission module. At the same time, the main control ARM core starts the command parsing process, verifies the integrity of the command, then extracts the acquisition parameters (such as integration time and number of samplings), generates standardized control signals, and sends the standardized control signals to the FPGA core through the high-speed interconnect bus.

[0055] 2. Send the raw data into the built-in algorithm module.

[0056] After receiving the raw data transmitted back from the FPGA core, the main control ARM core encapsulates the raw data according to the industry standard data format and sends the encapsulated raw data into the built-in algorithm module. The standard data format includes metadata such as device number, acquisition time, and parameter configuration.

[0057] 3. Return the raw spectral data and test result report.

[0058] The main control ARM core receives the detection result report generated by the built-in algorithm module, and synchronously transmits the complete raw spectral data and the detection result report back to the main control device according to the previously selected data interface.

[0059] The FPGA core mainly performs the following tasks: 1. Drive signal generation.

[0060] As the core of real-time signal processing, the FPGA core quickly generates precise driving timing signals after receiving control commands from the main control ARM core. It drives the CMOS sensor to work through the driver chip and synchronously drives the AD acquisition chip to collect data. This ensures that the AD acquisition chip completes data acquisition during the peak period of the CMOS sensor's video signal output, maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0061] 2. Sensor gain mode selection.

[0062] While generating drive signals (such as CLK, RESET, etc.), the FPGA core also generates a Cf-Slt signal to select the gain mode of the CMOS sensor, which can be either the low gain mode or the high gain mode of the CMOS sensor.

[0063] 3. Processing digital signals.

[0064] The FPGA core receives the digital signal acquired by the AD acquisition chip, performs preliminary filtering (removing high-frequency noise) and format regularization on the digital signal through the internal AXI4 high-speed bus to obtain the raw spectral data, and then sends the raw data back to the ARM core in batches.

[0065] The driver chip is used to drive the CMOS sensor to start working through the driving timing signals generated by the FPGA core.

[0066] The AD acquisition chip is used to acquire the video signal output by the CMOS sensor.

[0067] The TEC module includes an ADC unit and a TEC unit. The ADC unit receives the resistance signal representing the operating temperature of the CMOS sensor transmitted by the negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC), converts the resistance signal into a digital temperature value, and transmits the digital temperature value to the ARM core. The ARM core dynamically outputs temperature control commands to the TEC unit according to the PWM temperature control algorithm, so that the TEC unit dynamically outputs TEC+ and TEC- signals to adjust the temperature of the CMOS sensor.

[0068] The built-in algorithm module is used to perform in-depth processing of raw data through core algorithms such as spectral baseline correction, characteristic peak extraction, and multivariate analysis, to complete the qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of target substances, and finally generate a test result report.

[0069] The expansion interface is an external signal expansion interface, which can be customized to adapt to the input and output signals of the miniature spectrometer.

[0070] The Flash memory is used to pre-store the default operating parameters of the miniature spectrometer, including core configurations such as spectral acquisition mode, integration time, data sampling rate, and temperature control target temperature.

[0071] The power module is used to power the miniature spectrometer. The power module adopts a low-noise voltage regulation design to ensure the power supply stability of the CMOS image sensor and FPGA core processor during high-precision acquisition. At the same time, it supports a wide voltage input range to adapt to various field power supply environments and improve the system's adaptability.

[0072] The driver chip used is the 74H14 chip; The AD acquisition chip used is the AD9826 chip; The built-in algorithm module uses DDR3 memory chips.

[0073] The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driver circuit receives spectral acquisition parameters (such as sampling frequency and data transmission format) and start / stop commands from the main control device via a data interface module. After dual-core collaborative processing, it generates precise drive commands. Simultaneously, it receives spectral data transmitted from the G11475 sensor control circuit in real time, performs data verification, buffering, and format encapsulation, and then transmits it to the main control device at high speed via USB or Ethernet interface. Furthermore, the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driver circuit also features sensor temperature control and fault diagnosis functions, monitoring the sensor's operating status and communication link integrity, and triggering alarm signals in case of abnormalities.

[0074] The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit also includes a high-precision voltage reference generation module, which is used to simultaneously generate a reference voltage (Fvref) and an excitation power supply (VCC), and transmits the Fvref and VCC to the CMOS sensor through an interface; the built-in temperature sensor that drives the CMOS sensor generates a temperature-related sensing signal (Vntc), which is processed and fed back to the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit.

[0075] In this embodiment, the miniature spectrometer performs power-on initialization after being powered on. After initialization, it automatically executes a comprehensive peripheral device self-test mechanism, covering the circuit connectivity, functional integrity, and status validity of core peripherals such as the data interface module, power management unit, and CMOS sensor. Multi-dimensional signal verification ensures that each component is free of potential faults. If an abnormality is detected during the self-test, the device will trigger an alarm mechanism and record a fault code for subsequent troubleshooting. After the self-test is passed, the dual-core heterogeneous main control chip quickly reads the default operating parameters pre-stored in the Flash memory. These parameters include core configurations such as the spectral acquisition mode, integration time, data sampling rate, and target temperature for temperature control. Simultaneously, a reference voltage and excitation power supply are generated to drive the CMOS sensor temperature control system to start working. The CMOS sensor's built-in temperature sensor monitors the operating temperature of the CMOS sensor in real time and transmits the operating temperature to the TEC module. The TEC module dynamically outputs TEC+ and TEC- signals to regulate the temperature of the CMOS sensor, stabilizing it within the optimal operating range of ±0.1℃ to avoid temperature drift affecting detection accuracy.

[0076] After completing its initial preparations, the miniature spectrometer enters a low-power standby state, continuously listening for control commands from the main control device. When the data interface module in the miniature spectrometer receives the "start acquisition" command from the main control device, it transmits the command to the dual-core heterogeneous main control chip. The main control ARM core in the dual-core heterogeneous main control chip receives the "start acquisition" command from the main control device transmitted by the data transmission module and immediately initiates the command parsing process. It verifies the integrity of the command, then extracts the acquisition parameters (such as integration time, number of samples, etc.), generates standardized control signals, and sends these standardized control signals to the FPGA core via a high-speed interconnect bus. As the real-time signal processing core, the FPGA core quickly generates precise drive timing signals upon receiving the control commands from the main control ARM core. These signals drive the CMOS sensor through the driver chip and simultaneously drive the AD acquisition chip to acquire the video signal output by the CMOS sensor.

[0077] After receiving the drive signal, the CMOS sensor starts working, converting light energy into a weak analog electrical signal. The operational amplifier buffers and amplifies the weak analog electrical signal converted by the CMOS sensor to obtain a standard analog electrical signal. The signal processing module filters out environmental electromagnetic interference and high-frequency noise in the standard analog electrical signal to obtain the video signal and output it.

[0078] The AD acquisition chip acquires the video signal output from the CMOS sensor and converts it into a digital signal, which is then transmitted back to the FPGA core. The FPGA core performs preliminary filtering (removing high-frequency noise) and format regularization on the digital signal acquired by the AD acquisition chip via its internal AXI4 high-speed bus to obtain the raw spectral data. This raw spectral data is then sent back in batches to the ARM core. The ARM core encapsulates the data returned from the FPGA core according to industry-standard data formats and sends the encapsulated raw data to the built-in algorithm module. The built-in algorithm module performs in-depth processing on the raw data using core algorithms such as spectral baseline correction, characteristic peak extraction, and multivariate analysis to complete the qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of the target substance, ultimately generating a detection result report. The ARM core, through the data interface module, synchronously transmits the complete raw spectral data and detection result report back to the main control device. Upon receiving the data, the main control device performs data storage, curve display, and report generation.

[0079] To adapt to the overall mechanical structure and industrial-grade reliability requirements of the equipment, both the CMOS sensor control circuit and the dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driver circuit use FR-4 material circuit boards (1.6mm thick). These are fixed to the pre-defined planes of the equipment housing with screws, and thermally conductive silicone pads are attached to the mounting surfaces to improve heat dissipation efficiency. High-reliability pin terminals are used for circuit connections, with pin assignments covering power supply, communication, and control. All pin terminals are soldered with ESD protection devices and resettable fuses to effectively resist electrostatic discharge and short-circuit risks during insertion and removal, ensuring connection stability and module safety in harsh industrial environments.

[0080] In summary, the core advantages of this invention are: 1. This invention solves the technical problems of existing micro spectrometers being complex in design and using a large number of chips, which leads to increased PCB board area and cost, by constructing a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a micro spectrometer and integrating the ARM core and FPGA core on the ZYNQ7020 chip.

[0081] 2. This invention overcomes the performance bottleneck of traditional acquisition platforms by employing a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit, achieving high-speed real-time acquisition of CMOS image sensors. It meets the acquisition requirements of high dynamic range and low noise, solving the technical problem of existing miniature spectrometers lacking external trigger signals.

[0082] 3. This invention enables the entire process of spectral data acquisition, feature extraction, model inference, and result calibration to be performed locally through a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit.

[0083] 4. This invention optimizes the platform's hardware and software architecture, taking into account miniaturization, low power consumption, and high stability, and is suitable for multiple application scenarios.

[0084] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0085] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer, characterized in that, include: The system includes a dual-core heterogeneous main control chip, a driver chip, an AD acquisition chip, a built-in algorithm module, and a data interface module. The dual-core heterogeneous main control chip includes an ARM core and an FPGA core. The ARM core receives and parses instructions from the main control device, generates standardized control signals, and transmits these signals to the FPGA core. The FPGA core receives the control signals, generates drive timing signals, and drives the CMOS sensor via a driver chip. The CMOS sensor then outputs a video signal. Simultaneously, the FPGA core drives an AD acquisition chip to acquire data from the video signal, converting the original analog signal into a digital signal to obtain the raw spectral data. This raw data is transmitted from the FPGA core to the ARM core, which encapsulates the data and uses its built-in algorithm module to generate a detection result report. Finally, the raw spectral data and the detection result report are transmitted back to the main control device via a data interface module. The main control device then stores the raw spectral data and the detection result report.

2. The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data interface module includes: USB interface, Ethernet port, and serial port, and is equipped with USB main control chip, Ethernet main control chip, and serial port main control chip. And / or, The USB host control chip uses the CYUSB3014 chip; The Ethernet main control chip uses the KSZ9031 chip; The serial port controller chip is the MAX3485 chip.

3. The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data interface module has a built-in intelligent adaptation algorithm to select different transmission modes based on the transmission characteristics of different interfaces. When the USB interface is connected, the data interface module automatically switches to batch transfer mode; When using the Ethernet port, the data interface module enables a stable transmission mode based on the TCP / IP protocol; When the serial port is enabled, the data interface module matches the industrial-grade asynchronous communication mode.

4. The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The built-in algorithm module processes the raw data through spectral baseline correction, characteristic peak extraction, and multivariate analysis to complete the qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of the target substance and generate a test result report.

5. The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-core heterogeneous main control chip uses the ZYNQ7020 chip, with the ARM core and FPGA core integrated on the ZYNQ7020 chip; The driver chip used is the 74H14 chip; The AD acquisition chip used is the AD9826 chip; The built-in algorithm module uses DDR3 memory chips.

6. The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit of the miniature spectrometer also includes: Flash memory: used to pre-store the default operating parameters of the CMOS sensor, including the spectral acquisition mode, integration time, data sampling rate, and target temperature for temperature control; Power module: Used to provide power to various functional modules of the circuit. The power module adopts a low-noise voltage regulation design to ensure the power supply stability of CMOS sensor, ARM core and FPGA core during high-precision acquisition; at the same time, it supports a wide voltage input range to adapt to various field power supply environments and improve the system's adaptability. TEC module: Used to receive the operating temperature of the CMOS sensor in real time, and dynamically output TEC+ and TEC- signals in combination with PWM temperature control algorithm to regulate the temperature of the CMOS sensor.

7. The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ARM core encapsulates the raw spectral data in a standard data format, and the raw data includes: device number, acquisition time, and parameter configuration.

8. A dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driver chip for a miniature spectrometer, characterized in that, It is packaged from a dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit of a micro spectrometer as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A miniature spectrometer, characterized in that, It includes: A dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit for a miniature spectrometer; CMOS sensor: used to capture monochromatic light signals after they have been split by the optical path, and convert light energy into weak analog electrical signals; CMOS sensor control circuit: Operational amplifier: Used to buffer and amplify the weak analog electrical signals converted by CMOS sensors to obtain standard analog electrical signals; Signal processing module: used to filter out environmental electromagnetic interference and high-frequency noise in standard analog electrical signals to obtain video signals; Built-in temperature sensor: used to monitor the operating temperature of the CMOS sensor in real time.

10. A miniature spectrometer according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dual-core heterogeneous CMOS driving circuit and CMOS sensor control circuit of the miniature spectrometer are independent yet work together. They interact and transmit signals through a standardized interface to ensure the accuracy, real-time performance, and stability of spectral acquisition.

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