Ship energy integrated system based on solid oxide fuel cell and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship energy integrated system based on a solid oxide fuel cell and a control method, and relates to the technical field of ship systems. The system comprises an upper computer, a fuel tank, a preheater, a reformer, a solid oxide fuel cell, an air compressor, a water tank, an evaporator, a combustion chamber, a harmful gas treatment unit, a concentration detection and early warning unit, a dry powder fire extinguishing unit, a generator, a storage battery, a plurality of flowmeters and a multi-way valve. Wherein the system is equipped with a variety of fuels for use by the solid oxide fuel cell. Components in the energy integrated box are few, efficient energy conversion is achieved, multi-stage heat and power combination and fuel cold energy utilization are adopted in the system, and the advantages of the solid oxide fuel cell in the ship energy field are played to the maximum extent through multi-stage energy recovery management. The method is not limited to a fuel discharge mode, and is matched with different fuel systems, so that the power supply vacancy in the starting time of the solid oxide fuel cell is made up, and the starting time is slowed down.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of marine system technology, and in particular to a marine energy integrated system and control method based on solid oxide fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] As the conflict between environmental issues and industrial development intensifies, many countries and organizations have enacted strict regulations on emissions, such as NOx emissions from ships. x Despite strict restrictions on pollutants such as diesel fuel, diesel still holds a significant market share. With increasingly frequent maritime trade between countries and regions, the need for efficient, lightweight, environmentally friendly, and convenient energy systems is imperative. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), due to their high efficiency, low emissions, and wide fuel applicability, have become a focus of energy transition.

[0003] SOFC (Solar-Oriented Fuel Cell) is a high-temperature fuel cell that does not require precious metal catalysts such as platinum, resulting in relatively lower costs. Compared to fuel-powered generators, it offers higher energy conversion efficiency, eliminates mechanical vibration, and has low maintenance costs. Fuel is introduced to the anode, while air or water is introduced to the cathode to generate electricity. It primarily relies on the migration of oxygen ions in a solid electrolyte to complete the electrochemical reaction. The operating temperature is typically between 600 and 1000°C, and decomposition or internal reforming can occur at ambient temperatures. While its exhaust gases contain relatively few harmful substances, some unreacted fuel and combustible materials still remain at the outlet; therefore, exhaust gas treatment in SOFC systems is essential. Furthermore, SOFCs have relatively long hot-start times; sulfides and C2+ compounds in the fuel can affect stack performance and lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to propose a ship energy integrated system and control method based on solid oxide fuel cells, so as to improve the efficiency and fuel utilization of solid oxide fuel cells.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of this application proposes a ship energy integrated system based on a solid oxide fuel cell. The system includes: a host computer, a fuel tank, a preheater, a reformer, a solid oxide fuel cell, an air compressor, a water tank, an evaporator, a combustion chamber, a hazardous gas treatment unit, a concentration detection and early warning unit, a dry powder fire extinguishing unit, a generator, a battery, several flow meters, and a multi-way valve. The system is equipped with a variety of fuels for use in the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0006] In some embodiments, the fuel used in the solid oxide fuel cell includes at least one of ammonia, liquefied natural gas, or methanol.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application proposes a control method for a marine integrated energy system. This control method is applied to the aforementioned marine integrated energy system based on a solid oxide fuel cell, and includes the following steps: During the initial operation of the system, a storage battery supplies power to the grid and provides heat to the preheater. Once the solid oxide fuel cell enters a stable operating state, the battery is controlled to stop supplying power, and the solid oxide fuel cell is controlled to supply power to the grid and charge the battery. When the fuel level in the integrated energy tank falls below a set threshold, the remaining fuel in the ship is used to replace the fuel in the integrated energy tank, and the corresponding control method is switched to enable the solid oxide fuel cell to supply power.

[0008] In some embodiments, controlling the solid oxide fuel cell to supply power to the power grid includes the following steps: The host computer collects the power demand for ship operation, transmits the signal command to the controller based on the power demand, and then the controller activates the drive module to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the working status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes.

[0009] In some embodiments, when the solid oxide fuel cell uses ammonia as fuel, the process of collecting the ship's operating power demand using a host computer, transmitting signal commands to a controller based on the power demand, and then activating the drive module through the controller to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the operating status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes includes the following steps: The host computer matches the corresponding ammonia fuel flow rate according to the required power, sends a communication signal to the controller, and controls the drive module to control the flow meter 01, so that the corresponding flow rate of ammonia flows through the cooling and dehydration unit for primary heat exchange, driving the heating wire in the preheater to start heating. Then, the ammonia flows through the preheater and is heated a second time by the cathode exhaust gas and the heating wire. Then it enters the reformer for primary cracking, and then enters the solid oxide fuel cell for secondary cracking. The multi-way valve is closed, so that the anode exhaust gas flows only to the cooling and dehydration unit, keeping the combustion chamber closed. Then the exhaust gas is introduced into the reformer to provide ambient temperature for the ammonia cracking reaction. The host computer drives the controller to control the flow rate of ammonia from flow meter 01 to the hazardous gas treatment unit, through which NO is removed. x Then it is discharged; The host computer sends a communication signal to the controller, causing the flow meter 02 to remain closed, and the air flow corresponding to the ammonia fuel flow flows through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, causing a discharge reaction.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the solid oxide fuel cell uses liquefied natural gas as fuel, the process of collecting the ship's operating power demand using a host computer, transmitting signal commands to a controller based on the power demand, and then activating the drive module through the controller to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the operating status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes includes the following steps: The host computer matches the corresponding liquefied natural gas (LNG) flow rate according to the required power and sends a communication signal to the controller. The control drive module controls the flow meter 01 to only flow to the cooling and dewatering unit, so that the corresponding flow rate of LNG flows through the cooling and dewatering unit, where a primary heat exchange occurs, condensing the water vapor in the cathode exhaust gas. The heating wire is kept closed, and then the gas flows to the preheater for a secondary heat exchange. It then flows into the reformer for cracking and reforming reactions. The hydrogen-containing gas flows to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell for secondary reforming and discharge reactions. The host computer matches the corresponding REGR rate, so that the multi-way valve opens to the set opening degree. Part of the anode exhaust gas and LNG fuel flow to the reformer, and part flows to the cooling and dewatering unit to remove water vapor. The host computer sends communication signals to the controller to maintain ignition in the combustion chamber. The combustible stream in the anode exhaust gas is burned in the combustion chamber and then flows to the reformer to provide the thermal environment for the internal reaction. The hazardous gas treatment unit only participates in the anode removal of NO produced by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen. x Exhaust gas is treated before being discharged; The host computer is used to match the required water flow rate to the liquefied natural gas fuel flow rate and control the evaporator power to turn the water into water vapor, which then flows to the preheater to be preheated together with the liquefied natural gas, and then flows through the reformer to react. The host computer matches the liquefied natural gas fuel flow rate with the corresponding air flow through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, causing a discharge reaction.

[0011] In some embodiments, when the solid oxide fuel cell uses methanol as fuel, the process of collecting the ship's operating power demand using a host computer, transmitting signal commands to the controller based on the power demand, and then activating the drive module through the controller to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the operating status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes includes the following steps: The host computer matches the corresponding methanol fuel flow rate according to the required power consumption and sends a communication signal to the controller. This controls the drive module to control the flow meter 01, causing the corresponding flow rate of methanol to flow through the cooling and dehydration unit for primary heat exchange. This drives the heating wire in the preheater to start heating. Subsequently, the methanol flows through the preheater and is reheated by the cathode exhaust gas and the heating wire, undergoing vaporization. It then enters the reformer for primary reforming, and finally enters the solid oxide fuel cell for secondary reforming. This causes the multi-way valve to close, ensuring that the anode exhaust gas flows only to the cooling and dehydration unit, keeping the combustion chamber closed. The exhaust gas then enters the reformer to provide ambient temperature for the methanol reforming and cracking reactions. The hazardous gas treatment unit only participates in the anode removal of NO generated from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen. x Exhaust gas is treated before being discharged; The host computer sends a communication signal to the controller, causing the flow meter 02 to remain closed, and the air flow rate corresponding to the ammonia fuel flow rate flows through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, causing a discharge reaction.

[0012] In some embodiments, the method includes the following steps: After the start-up phase, when the power required by the ship is within the first preset value, the flow meter 01 is adjusted to adjust the air compressor flow rate, thereby adjusting the corresponding reaction fuel equivalent and air-fuel ratio to adjust the power generation of the solid oxide fuel cell; if the reaction requires water, the flow meter 02 is adjusted simultaneously. When the power required by the ship is greater than the first preset value and less than the second preset value, the solid oxide fuel cell and the storage battery are controlled to supply power to the grid simultaneously. When the power required by the ship exceeds the second preset value, the evaporator and electric heating wire in the energy tank are shut off, and the generator is turned on to supply power to the grid at the same time. Wherein, the first preset value is less than the second preset value.

[0013] In some embodiments, the method further includes the following steps: The concentration detection and early warning unit dynamically transmits the concentration signal of harmful gases to the host computer. When the concentration of harmful gases in the integrated energy box reaches the target range, an early warning is issued. If the NO in the integrated energy box x If the CO2 exceeds the target range, the host computer sends a communication signal to the controller to drive the dry powder fire extinguishing unit to extinguish the fire.

[0014] In some embodiments, the method further includes the following steps: When components inside the integrated energy box are damaged or offline, the host computer drives the controller to shut down the devices inside the integrated energy box and start the generator to supply power to the grid.

[0015] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a marine energy integrated system and control method based on solid oxide fuel cells. The system includes a host computer, fuel tank, preheater, reformer, solid oxide fuel cell, air compressor, water tank, evaporator, combustion chamber, hazardous gas treatment unit, concentration detection and early warning unit, dry powder fire extinguishing unit, generator, battery, several flow meters, and multi-way valves. The system is equipped with multiple fuels for use by the solid oxide fuel cell. The integrated energy tank of this application has fewer internal components but achieves high-efficiency energy conversion. The system employs multi-stage combined heat and power (CHP) and cold energy utilization of fuel, and multi-stage energy recovery management to maximize the advantages of solid oxide fuel cells in the marine energy field. This application is not limited to a single fuel discharge method. Through fuel control and discharge strategies matched with different fuel systems, multi-discharge mode coupling, battery discharge, and hot start, it facilitates practical application, compensates for the power supply gap during solid oxide fuel cell start-up, and reduces the start-up time of the solid oxide fuel cell. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a ship energy integration system based on a solid oxide fuel cell provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 An example diagram of the control system structure of a ship energy integration system based on a solid oxide fuel cell provided in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit it. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this application; they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0020] Before providing a detailed description of the embodiments of this application, some related technologies involved in the embodiments of this application will be described first, as follows: Currently, the high conversion rates of new energy ship systems largely rely on precious metal catalysts, while SOFCs can significantly reduce catalyst costs. Direct applications of SOFCs in ships are limited, primarily serving as one of the directions for realizing electric or hybrid ships. This application proposes a lightweight combined heat and power system based on SOFCs, increasing energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, a challenge in applying SOFCs as a transportation power system lies in its relatively long start-up time, making it unsuitable for variable operating conditions. This application completely overcomes this drawback, facilitating the engineering application of new energy ships.

[0021] For LNG (liquefied natural gas) fuel SOFCs, the presence of C2+ can easily lead to sintering inside the battery, and sulfides can block active sites, affecting the activity of active components and thus endangering battery life. The pre-reformer in this system can effectively decompose small amounts of C2+ and sulfides in natural gas, further improving the overall lifespan of the system.

[0022] The trend of new energy research and development is diversified. The system of this application is not limited to a single fuel. The modular energy tank integrates various fuel systems (REGR technology, ammonia cracking technology), which helps to reduce the risk of ships losing power due to emergencies. Ships can select the appropriate fuel according to market price changes and port advantages. In addition, the energy tank can be replaced at any time, reducing the time ships spend in port.

[0023] The discharge reaction of ammonia, LNG, and methanol in SOFC mainly proceeds as follows: 3H₂ + 3O₂ 2- →3H₂O + 6e - (ammonia anode)½O₂ + 2e⁻ - →O² - (Cathode) and 3H2+3O 2- →3H₂O + 6e - CO+O 2- →CO2 + 2e - Primarily based on LNG and methanol anodes, its cracking and reforming reactions are 2NH3→N2+3H2; CH4+H2O→CO+3H2 (steam reforming)CO+H2O The main reactions are CO2 + H2 (water-gas shift); CH3OH + H2O → CO2 + 3H2 (one-step complete reforming) or CH3OH → CO + 2H2 (decomposition); and CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 (water-gas shift). The harmful byproducts of these reactions are mainly CO and NO. x All of these can be removed through the hazardous gas treatment unit and the combustion chamber. The only difference between ammonia and LNG and methanol is that water is not required. Therefore, the multi-step reforming and hazardous substance treatment proposed by the system are feasible. The risk of carbon buildup may mainly exist inside the reformer, which is more convenient to treat than the internal treatment of SOFC.

[0024] This application provides a marine energy integrated system based on a solid oxide fuel cell. The system includes: a host computer, a fuel tank, a preheater, a reformer, a solid oxide fuel cell, an air compressor, a water tank, an evaporator, a combustion chamber, a hazardous gas treatment unit, a concentration detection and early warning unit, a dry powder fire extinguishing unit, a generator, a battery, several flow meters, and a multi-way valve. The system is equipped with a variety of fuels for use in the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0025] Optionally, the solid oxide fuel cell uses at least one of ammonia, liquefied natural gas, or methanol as fuel.

[0026] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application proposes a control method for a marine integrated energy system. This control method is applied to the aforementioned marine integrated energy system based on a solid oxide fuel cell, and includes the following steps: During the initial operation of the system, a storage battery supplies power to the grid and provides heat to the preheater. Once the solid oxide fuel cell enters a stable operating state, the battery is controlled to stop supplying power, and the solid oxide fuel cell is controlled to supply power to the grid and charge the battery. When the fuel level in the integrated energy tank falls below a set threshold, the remaining fuel in the ship is used to replace the fuel in the integrated energy tank, and the corresponding control method is switched to enable the solid oxide fuel cell to supply power.

[0027] Optionally, controlling the solid oxide fuel cell to supply power to the power grid includes the following steps: The host computer collects the power demand for ship operation, transmits the signal command to the controller based on the power demand, and then the controller activates the drive module to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the working status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes.

[0028] Optionally, when the solid oxide fuel cell uses ammonia as fuel, the process of collecting the ship's operating power demand using a host computer, transmitting signal commands to the controller based on the power demand, and then activating the drive module through the controller to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the operating status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes includes the following steps: The host computer matches the corresponding ammonia fuel flow rate according to the required power, sends a communication signal to the controller, and controls the drive module to control the flow meter 01, so that the corresponding flow rate of ammonia flows through the cooling and dehydration unit for primary heat exchange, driving the heating wire in the preheater to start heating. Then, the ammonia flows through the preheater and is heated a second time by the cathode exhaust gas and the heating wire. Then it enters the reformer for primary cracking, and then enters the solid oxide fuel cell for secondary cracking. The multi-way valve is closed, so that the anode exhaust gas flows only to the cooling and dehydration unit, keeping the combustion chamber closed. Then the exhaust gas is introduced into the reformer to provide ambient temperature for the ammonia cracking reaction. The host computer drives the controller to control the flow rate of ammonia from flow meter 01 to the hazardous gas treatment unit, through which NO is removed. x Then it is discharged; The host computer sends a communication signal to the controller, causing the flow meter 02 to remain closed, and the air flow corresponding to the ammonia fuel flow flows through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, causing a discharge reaction.

[0029] Optionally, when the solid oxide fuel cell uses liquefied natural gas as fuel, the step of collecting the ship's operating power demand using a host computer, transmitting signal commands to the controller based on the power demand, and then activating the drive module through the controller to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the operating status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes includes the following steps: The host computer matches the corresponding liquefied natural gas (LNG) flow rate according to the required power and sends a communication signal to the controller. The control drive module controls the flow meter 01 to only flow to the cooling and dewatering unit, so that the corresponding flow rate of LNG flows through the cooling and dewatering unit, where a primary heat exchange occurs, condensing the water vapor in the cathode exhaust gas. The heating wire is kept closed, and then the gas flows to the preheater for a secondary heat exchange. It then flows into the reformer for cracking and reforming reactions. The hydrogen-containing gas flows to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell for secondary reforming and discharge reactions. The host computer matches the corresponding REGR rate, so that the multi-way valve opens to the set opening degree. Part of the anode exhaust gas and LNG fuel flow to the reformer, and part flows to the cooling and dewatering unit to remove water vapor. The host computer sends communication signals to the controller to maintain ignition in the combustion chamber. The combustible stream in the anode exhaust gas is burned in the combustion chamber and then flows to the reformer to provide the thermal environment for the internal reaction. The hazardous gas treatment unit only participates in the anode removal of NO produced by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen. x Exhaust gas is treated before being discharged; The host computer is used to match the required water flow rate to the liquefied natural gas fuel flow rate and control the evaporator power to turn the water into water vapor, which then flows to the preheater to be preheated together with the liquefied natural gas, and then flows through the reformer to react. The host computer matches the liquefied natural gas fuel flow rate with the corresponding air flow through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, causing a discharge reaction.

[0030] Optionally, when the solid oxide fuel cell uses methanol as fuel, the process of collecting the ship's operating power demand using a host computer, transmitting signal commands to the controller based on the power demand, and then activating the drive module through the controller to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the operating status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes includes the following steps: The host computer matches the corresponding methanol fuel flow rate according to the required power consumption and sends a communication signal to the controller. This controls the drive module to control the flow meter 01, causing the corresponding flow rate of methanol to flow through the cooling and dehydration unit for primary heat exchange. This drives the heating wire in the preheater to start heating. Subsequently, the methanol flows through the preheater and is reheated by the cathode exhaust gas and the heating wire, undergoing vaporization. It then enters the reformer for primary reforming, and finally enters the solid oxide fuel cell for secondary reforming. This causes the multi-way valve to close, ensuring that the anode exhaust gas flows only to the cooling and dehydration unit, keeping the combustion chamber closed. The exhaust gas then enters the reformer to provide ambient temperature for the methanol reforming and cracking reactions. The hazardous gas treatment unit only participates in the anode removal of NO generated from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen. x Exhaust gas is treated before being discharged; The host computer sends a communication signal to the controller, causing the flow meter 02 to remain closed, and the air flow rate corresponding to the ammonia fuel flow rate flows through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, causing a discharge reaction.

[0031] Optionally, the method includes the following steps: After the start-up phase, when the power required by the ship is within the first preset value, the flow meter 01 is adjusted to adjust the air compressor flow rate, thereby adjusting the corresponding reaction fuel equivalent and air-fuel ratio to adjust the power generation of the solid oxide fuel cell; if the reaction requires water, the flow meter 02 is adjusted simultaneously. When the power required by the ship is greater than the first preset value and less than the second preset value, the solid oxide fuel cell and the storage battery are controlled to supply power to the grid simultaneously. When the power required by the ship exceeds the second preset value, the evaporator and electric heating wire in the energy tank are shut off, and the generator is turned on to supply power to the grid at the same time. Wherein, the first preset value is less than the second preset value.

[0032] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: The concentration detection and early warning unit dynamically transmits the concentration signal of harmful gases to the host computer. When the concentration of harmful gases in the integrated energy box reaches the target range, an early warning is issued. If the NO in the integrated energy box x If the CO2 exceeds the target range, the host computer sends a communication signal to the controller to drive the dry powder fire extinguishing unit to extinguish the fire.

[0033] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: When components inside the integrated energy box are damaged or offline, the host computer drives the controller to shut down the devices inside the integrated energy box and start the generator to supply power to the grid.

[0034] The following sections will provide a detailed description and explanation of some optional embodiments of this application, using specific application examples.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 The system in this application embodiment includes: a fuel tank, a preheater, a reformer, a solid oxide fuel cell, an air compressor, a water tank, an evaporator, a combustion chamber, a hazardous gas treatment unit, a concentration detection and early warning unit, a dry powder fire extinguishing unit, a generator, a storage battery, several flow meters, and a multi-way valve.

[0036] The working principle is described as follows: During initial operation, the SOFC starts up slowly, using batteries to directly supply power to the grid. The grid provides power and electricity to the ship and heats the preheater, shortening the SOFC start-up time. Once the SOFC is running stably, the batteries stop discharging, and the SOFC supplies power to the grid and charges the batteries. When the fuel in the integrated energy tank is insufficient to support the SOFC's operation, the ship's fuel directly replaces the fuel in the tank, and the control method is switched to the appropriate fuel to supply the SOFC for discharge. When the SOFC is damaged or in a dangerous state, the generator supplies power to the grid, the concentration detection and early warning unit starts to alarm, and the fuel supply is cut off. When the concentration of hazardous substances in the tank reaches the threshold, the dry powder fire extinguishing unit is directly activated to protect the equipment and the safety of personnel and property.

[0037] When the system operates using ammonia as fuel, the ammonia fuel flows into the cooling and dehydration unit for primary preheating, then flows into the preheater for secondary preheating by cathode exhaust gas and heating wires. It then enters the reformer for primary cracking, and finally flows to the SOFC for secondary cracking and discharge reactions. The multi-way valve is then closed, allowing the high-temperature exhaust gas from the anode to flow only to the cooling and dehydration unit. The high-temperature exhaust gas from the SOFC flows to the reformer to heat the gas inside, providing energy for the ammonia cracking reaction. Finally, it enters the hazardous gas treatment unit to remove excess NO. x The air is then discharged; the water tank flow meter remains closed, and the air flows into the evaporator after being compressed by the air compressor. It is preheated inside the evaporator and then enters the SOFC to react. The high-temperature cathode gas after the reaction enters the preheater to preheat the ammonia fuel a second time, and then is discharged.

[0038] When the system operates on LNG as fuel, the LNG fuel flows through the cooling and dehydration unit and, along with water, into the preheater for heating. It then enters the reformer for methane reforming, where sulfides and C2+ impurities are removed. Hydrogen-rich gas enters the SOFC for secondary reforming and discharge reactions. A multi-way valve opens the pipelines to the cooling and dehydration unit and the preheater. A portion of the anode exhaust gas from the SOFC, containing unreacted CH4 and H2O and CO2 produced by the reaction, is preheated with the LNG fuel and then fed into the reformer for reforming. The hydrogen-rich gas then enters the SOFC for discharge reactions. Excess anode exhaust gas, containing unreacted CH4, CO, and H2O, enters the cooling and dehydration unit, where it is cooled and dehydrated by low-temperature natural gas. It then enters the combustion chamber for combustion. The exhaust gas from combustion is fed back into the reformer to provide a reaction environment for the internal reforming reactions. The exhaust gas is relatively pollution-free. The hazardous gas treatment unit only participates in the removal of NO produced by the high-temperature reaction of nitrogen and oxygen at the anode. x Exhaust gas treatment ensures that waste gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere.

[0039] When the system operates using methanol as fuel, the methanol undergoes a first preheating in the cooling and dehydration unit, followed by vaporization with water in the preheater. After a second preheating, the methanol / water mixture enters the reformer for a first reforming process, involving steam reforming and cracking reactions. Subsequently, the hydrogen-rich material enters the SOFC for a second reforming, cracking, and discharge reactions. A multi-way valve connects only to the cooling and dehydration unit. After a single heat exchange, the anode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber to remove unreacted methanol and harmful substances such as CO. It then enters the reformer to provide ambient temperature for the reforming reaction, resulting in relatively pollution-free exhaust gas. The hazardous gas treatment unit only participates in the anode removal of NO produced by the high-temperature reaction of nitrogen and oxygen. x Exhaust gas treatment ensures that waste gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere.

[0040] The structural diagram of the control system involved in the integrated marine energy system is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the host computer collects the power demand for ship operation, and then transmits signal commands to the controller according to the demand. The controller then activates the drive module to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the working status of each device according to different fuel modes. The concentration detection and early warning unit transmits the concentration signal of harmful gases to the host computer in real time. When the concentration of hazardous gases in the tank reaches a certain range, it automatically issues an early warning. If the NO concentration in the tank is high... x If CO2 exceeds this range, the host computer will automatically send a communication signal to the controller to drive the dry powder fire extinguishing unit to extinguish the fire; when the components inside the integrated energy box are damaged or offline, the host computer will drive the controller to shut down the devices inside the integrated energy box and start the traditional generator to supply power to the grid.

[0041] Under stable operation, when ammonia is the fuel, the host computer matches the corresponding ammonia fuel flow rate according to the required power generation and sends a communication signal to the controller. The controller then controls the drive module to control flow meter 01, causing the corresponding flow rate of ammonia to flow through the cooling and dehydration unit for primary heat exchange. This drives the heating wire in the preheater to begin heating. The ammonia then flows through the preheater and is reheated by the cathode exhaust gas and the heating wire. It then enters the reformer for primary pyrolysis, and subsequently enters the SOFC for secondary pyrolysis. This causes the multi-way valve to close, ensuring that the anode exhaust gas flows only to the cooling and dehydration unit, keeping the combustion chamber closed. The high-temperature exhaust gas then enters the reformer to provide ambient temperature for the ammonia pyrolysis reaction. The host computer drives the controller to control the flow rate of ammonia to the hazardous gas treatment unit via flow meter 01. The ammonia then flows through the hazardous gas treatment unit to remove NO. x Harmful substances are then discharged; the host computer sends a communication signal to the controller, causing the flow meter 02 to remain closed, and the air flow corresponding to the ammonia fuel flow flows through the SOFC anode, causing a discharge reaction.

[0042] Under stable operation, when the fuel is LNG, the host computer matches the corresponding LNG fuel flow rate according to the required power generation and sends a communication signal to the controller. The control drive module controls the flow meter 01 to only flow to the cooling and dehydration unit, so that the corresponding flow rate of LNG flows through the cooling and dehydration unit, where primary heat exchange occurs, condensing the water vapor in the cathode exhaust gas. The heating wire is kept closed, and then it flows to the preheater for secondary heat exchange, flowing into the reformer for cracking and reforming reactions. The hydrogen-rich gas flows to the SOFC anode for secondary reforming and discharge reactions. The host computer matches the corresponding REGR rate, causing the multi-way valve to open to a certain degree. Part of the anode exhaust gas and LNG fuel flow to the reformer, and part flows to the cooling and dehydration unit to remove water vapor. The host computer sends a communication signal to the controller to keep the combustion chamber ignited. The combustible stream in the anode exhaust gas is burned in the combustion chamber and then flows to the reformer to provide the reaction heat environment for the internal reaction. The harmful gas treatment unit only participates in the removal of NO produced by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen at high temperature at the anode. xThe exhaust gas is treated and then discharged (since the content is small, there is no need to feed fuel into the hazardous gas treatment unit); the host computer matches the water flow required for the LNG fuel flow and controls the evaporator power to turn the water into water vapor, which then flows to the preheater to be preheated together with the LNG, and then flows through the reformer to react; the host computer matches the air flow corresponding to the LNG fuel flow and flows through the SOFC anode to produce a discharge reaction.

[0043] Under stable operating conditions, when methanol is the fuel, the host computer matches the corresponding methanol fuel flow rate according to the required power generation and sends a communication signal to the controller. The controller then controls the flow meter 01, causing the corresponding flow rate of methanol to flow through the cooling and dehydration unit for primary heat exchange. This drives the heating wire in the preheater to start heating. Subsequently, the methanol flows through the preheater and is reheated by the cathode exhaust gas and the heating wire, undergoing vaporization. It then enters the reformer for primary reforming, and then enters the SOFC for secondary reforming. This causes the multi-way valve to close, ensuring that the anode exhaust gas flows only to the cooling and dehydration unit, keeping the combustion chamber closed. The high-temperature exhaust gas then enters the reformer to provide ambient temperature for the methanol reforming and cracking reactions. The hazardous gas treatment unit only participates in the anode removal of NO produced by the high-temperature reaction of nitrogen and oxygen. x The exhaust gas is treated and then discharged (since the content is small, there is no need to feed fuel into the hazardous gas treatment unit); the host computer sends a communication signal to the controller to keep the flow meter 02 closed, and the air flow corresponding to the ammonia fuel flow flows through the SOFC anode, causing a discharge reaction.

[0044] Within 10 minutes of receiving the operating command, the host computer enters the startup phase, powered by a battery. The host computer matches the amount of fuel in the energy tank with the amount required for power generation, and sends a communication signal to the controller. The controller then controls the drive module to start all components. During this phase, the SOFC simultaneously supplies power to the grid and the battery. Once the current in the SOFC stabilizes, the battery is shut off, and the SOFC supplies power to the grid and charges the battery. After the startup phase, when the ship's required power is within the first preset value, flow meter 01 is adjusted (if the reaction requires water, flow meter 02 is also adjusted), the air compressor flow rate is adjusted, and consequently, the corresponding reaction fuel equivalent and air-fuel ratio are adjusted, thus adjusting the SOFC's power generation. When the ship's required power is greater than the first preset value but less than the second preset value, the SOFC and battery simultaneously supply power to the grid. When the ship's required power is greater than the second preset value, the evaporator and electric heating wire in the energy tank are shut off, and the conventional generator is turned on to supply power to the grid simultaneously.

[0045] In summary, the embodiments of this application include the following key technical solutions: (1) For the integrated energy box and system for ship functions, different fuel processing methods are coupled to discharge into the SOFC to the grid, and multi-stage heat exchange and reforming are coupled to further improve the system energy utilization rate, reduce the SOFC start-up time, and solve the power shortage during the SOFC start-up time by coupling different discharge methods.

[0046] (2) Matching control strategies are implemented to match various fuel feeding methods, energy management methods, and charging and discharging methods, thereby meeting the ship's energy needs while effectively improving energy utilization. In addition, different control methods are proposed for various unexpected situations. For the control methods of this system, a block control of emergency handling and energy management is proposed, which are relatively independent but work together.

[0047] Beneficial effects: The integrated energy tank has fewer internal components but achieves highly efficient energy conversion. The system employs multi-stage combined heat and power (CHP) and the utilization of LNG's cold energy, with multi-stage energy recovery management maximizing the advantages of SOFC in the marine energy field. The multi-fuel system integrates three green fuels: ammonia, LNG, and methanol. It is not limited to a single fuel discharge method. Through fuel control and discharge strategies matched to different fuel systems, multi-discharge mode coupling, battery discharge, and hot start, the system facilitates practical application, compensates for the power supply gap during SOFC startup, and reduces SOFC startup time.

[0048] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0049] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0050] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A marine integrated energy system based on solid oxide fuel cells, characterized in that, The system includes: a host computer, a fuel tank, a preheater, a reformer, a solid oxide fuel cell, an air compressor, a water tank, an evaporator, a combustion chamber, a hazardous gas treatment unit, a concentration detection and early warning unit, a dry powder fire extinguishing unit, a generator, a storage battery, several flow meters, and a multi-way valve. The system is equipped with a variety of fuels for use in the solid oxide fuel cell.

2. The marine integrated energy system based on solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid oxide fuel cell uses at least one of ammonia, liquefied natural gas, or methanol as fuel.

3. A control method for a ship's integrated energy system, characterized in that, The control method is applied to the ship energy integrated system based on solid oxide fuel cells as described in claim 1, and the control method includes the following steps: During the initial operation of the system, a storage battery supplies power to the grid and provides heat to the preheater. Once the solid oxide fuel cell enters a stable operating state, the battery is controlled to stop supplying power, and the solid oxide fuel cell is controlled to supply power to the grid and charge the battery. When the fuel level in the integrated energy tank falls below a set threshold, the remaining fuel in the ship is used to replace the fuel in the integrated energy tank, and the corresponding control method is switched to enable the solid oxide fuel cell to supply power.

4. The control method for a ship energy integrated system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of controlling the solid oxide fuel cell to supply power to the power grid includes the following steps: The host computer collects the power demand for ship operation, transmits the signal command to the controller based on the power demand, and then the controller activates the drive module to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the working status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes.

5. The control method for a ship energy integrated system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the solid oxide fuel cell uses ammonia as fuel, the process of collecting the ship's operating power demand using a host computer, transmitting signal commands to the controller based on the power demand, and then activating the drive module through the controller to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the operating status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes includes the following steps: The host computer matches the corresponding ammonia fuel flow rate according to the required power, sends a communication signal to the controller, and controls the drive module to control the flow meter 01, so that the corresponding flow rate of ammonia flows through the cooling and dehydration unit for primary heat exchange, driving the heating wire in the preheater to start heating. Then, the ammonia flows through the preheater and is heated a second time by the cathode exhaust gas and the heating wire. Then it enters the reformer for primary cracking, and then enters the solid oxide fuel cell for secondary cracking. The multi-way valve is closed, so that the anode exhaust gas flows only to the cooling and dehydration unit, keeping the combustion chamber closed. Then the exhaust gas is introduced into the reformer to provide ambient temperature for the ammonia cracking reaction. The host computer drives the controller to control the flow rate of ammonia from flow meter 01 to the hazardous gas treatment unit, through which NO is removed. x It is then discharged; The host computer sends a communication signal to the controller, causing the flow meter 02 to remain closed, and the air flow corresponding to the ammonia fuel flow flows through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, causing a discharge reaction.

6. The control method for a ship energy integrated system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the solid oxide fuel cell uses liquefied natural gas as fuel, the process of collecting the ship's operating power demand using a host computer, transmitting signal commands to the controller based on the power demand, and then activating the drive module through the controller to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the operating status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes includes the following steps: The host computer matches the corresponding liquefied natural gas (LNG) flow rate according to the required power and sends a communication signal to the controller. The control drive module controls the flow meter 01 to only flow to the cooling and dewatering unit, so that the corresponding flow rate of LNG flows through the cooling and dewatering unit, where a primary heat exchange occurs, condensing the water vapor in the cathode exhaust gas. The heating wire is kept closed, and then the gas flows to the preheater for a secondary heat exchange. It then flows into the reformer for cracking and reforming reactions. The hydrogen-containing gas flows to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell for secondary reforming and discharge reactions. The host computer matches the corresponding REGR rate, so that the multi-way valve opens to the set opening degree. Part of the anode exhaust gas and LNG fuel flow to the reformer, and part flows to the cooling and dewatering unit to remove water vapor. The host computer sends communication signals to the controller to maintain ignition in the combustion chamber. The combustible stream in the anode exhaust gas is burned in the combustion chamber and then flows to the reformer to provide the thermal environment for the internal reaction. The hazardous gas treatment unit only participates in the anode removal of NO produced by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen. x Exhaust gas is treated before being discharged; The host computer is used to match the required water flow rate to the liquefied natural gas fuel flow rate and control the evaporator power to turn the water into water vapor, which then flows to the preheater to be preheated together with the liquefied natural gas, and then flows through the reformer to react. The host computer matches the liquefied natural gas fuel flow rate with the corresponding air flow through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, causing a discharge reaction.

7. The control method for a ship energy integrated system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the solid oxide fuel cell uses methanol as fuel, the process of collecting the ship's operating power demand using a host computer, transmitting signal commands to the controller based on the power demand, and then activating the drive module through the controller to control the flow rate of each flow meter and the operating status of each device in the system according to different fuel modes includes the following steps: The host computer matches the corresponding methanol fuel flow rate according to the required power consumption and sends a communication signal to the controller. This controls the drive module to control the flow meter 01, causing the corresponding flow rate of methanol to flow through the cooling and dehydration unit for primary heat exchange. This drives the heating wire in the preheater to start heating. Subsequently, the methanol flows through the preheater and is reheated by the cathode exhaust gas and the heating wire, undergoing vaporization. It then enters the reformer for primary reforming, and finally enters the solid oxide fuel cell for secondary reforming. This causes the multi-way valve to close, ensuring that the anode exhaust gas flows only to the cooling and dehydration unit, keeping the combustion chamber closed. The exhaust gas then enters the reformer to provide ambient temperature for the methanol reforming and cracking reactions. The hazardous gas treatment unit only participates in the anode removal of NO generated from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen. x Exhaust gas is treated before being discharged; The host computer sends a communication signal to the controller, causing the flow meter 02 to remain closed, and the air flow corresponding to the ammonia fuel flow flows through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, causing a discharge reaction.

8. The control method for a ship energy integrated system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: After the start-up phase, when the power required by the ship is within the first preset value, the flow meter 01 is adjusted to adjust the air compressor flow rate, thereby adjusting the corresponding reaction fuel equivalent and air-fuel ratio to adjust the power generation of the solid oxide fuel cell; if the reaction requires water, the flow meter 02 is adjusted simultaneously. When the power required by the ship is greater than the first preset value and less than the second preset value, the solid oxide fuel cell and the storage battery are controlled to supply power to the grid simultaneously. When the power required by the ship exceeds the second preset value, the evaporator and electric heating wire in the energy tank are shut off, and the generator is turned on to supply power to the grid at the same time. Wherein, the first preset value is less than the second preset value.

9. The control method for a ship energy integrated system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes the following steps: The concentration detection and early warning unit dynamically transmits the concentration signal of harmful gases to the host computer. When the concentration of harmful gases in the integrated energy box reaches the target range, an early warning is issued. If the NO in the integrated energy box x If the CO2 exceeds the target range, the host computer sends a communication signal to the controller to drive the dry powder fire extinguishing unit to extinguish the fire.

10. A control method for a ship energy integrated system according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that, The method further includes the following steps: When components inside the integrated energy box are damaged or offline, the host computer drives the controller to shut down the devices inside the integrated energy box and start the generator to supply power to the grid.

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