Regional power grid system containing generalized Carnot battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power supply, in particular to a regional power grid system containing a generalized Carnot battery. The system comprises a wind-solar complementary power generation system used for supplying power to an electrolytic hydrogen production system and other equipment; the electrolytic hydrogen production system is used for producing hydrogen; the hydrogen fuel cell is used for consuming hydrogen to generate electric power; according to the supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump fused salt heat storage system, electric energy is converted into heat energy and stored in a fused salt medium through carbon dioxide heat exchange circulation driven by a compressor; the steam cycle power generation system comprises fused salt circulation and water circulation, and steam is generated through heat exchange between fused salt and feed water to drive a turbine to generate power. According to the invention, a'heat-hydrogen 'dual-path energy storage mode of wind and light surplus electric energy is adopted, and the electricity-heat conversion efficiency is improved through coupling of supercritical carbon dioxide circulation and fused salt and water dual heat storage media. The device can be further deeply coupled with a steam generator set, and multi-dimensional peak regulation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power supply technology, and in particular to a regional power grid system containing a generalized Carnot battery. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, their output is greatly affected by natural conditions and is highly volatile, leading to frequent "wind and solar curtailment" problems on the grid side. To improve the absorption of renewable energy, a common method is to configure energy storage systems to achieve peak shaving and valley filling through an "electricity-to-electricity" approach. However, these energy storage methods are generally costly and limited in scale, making it difficult to meet the flexible adjustment needs after large-scale renewable energy integration.

[0003] In recent years, heat pump energy storage technology (also known as Carnot batteries) has emerged, converting electrical energy into heat energy and storing it in an inexpensive medium through an "electricity-thermal-electricity" process, then converting it back into electrical energy as needed. This type of technology has advantages such as low cost and large-scale energy storage, but it still faces two bottlenecks: First, the single heat storage medium leads to a decrease in energy density over time, resulting in insufficient system capacity stability; second, the electricity-thermal conversion efficiency still has a significant gap with the theoretical Carnot efficiency, requiring further breakthroughs in thermodynamic cycling and the matching of the heat storage medium.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this patent proposes a novel energy storage concept for generalized Carnot batteries. It innovatively converts surplus wind and solar power into thermal and hydrogen energy for joint storage, achieving efficient energy utilization through a thermal-hydrogen "dual path" and significantly improving the absorption capacity of renewable energy. This is the first innovative aspect of this patent.

[0005] On the other hand, the efficiency of traditional Carnot batteries is highly dependent on the matching of the thermodynamic cycle and the heat storage medium. To address this key limitation, this patent proposes a second innovation: employing a dual heat storage medium scheme of water and molten salt, and introducing a supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump cycle, enabling the circulating heat to be fully coupled and exchanged with both heat storage media simultaneously. This design not only broadens the heat storage temperature range and improves the overall energy efficiency of the system, but also provides the possibility for flexible coupling of the energy storage system with conventional steam turbine units, thus possessing broader potential for grid peak shaving and coupling applications.

[0006] Furthermore, to further enhance the flexible adjustment capabilities of traditional thermal power units in high-proportion renewable energy power systems, this patent innovatively proposes a deep peak-shaving mode incorporating a "dual-path" approach. This mode extracts main steam and reheat steam from the unit, using the high-temperature steam to heat molten salt, which then serves as a high-temperature heat storage medium. This achieves deep peak shaving without affecting unit stability, while simultaneously meeting high-load heating demands. Simultaneously, the high-temperature steam also drives a solid oxide electrolyzer for efficient electrolysis. Because the high-temperature steam generated by the thermal power boiler is highly compatible with the operating conditions of the solid oxide electrolyzer, the thermoelectric coupling process becomes more efficient, achieving synergistic optimization of improved unit peak-shaving capabilities and efficient hydrogen production. This constitutes the third innovative aspect of this patent. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art and to propose a regional power grid system containing a generalized Carnot battery.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a regional power grid system incorporating a generalized Carnot battery, comprising a wind-solar hybrid power generation system, an electrolysis hydrogen production system, a hydrogen fuel cell, a supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system, and a steam cycle power generation system; The wind-solar hybrid power generation system provides electricity for the electrolysis hydrogen production system and its equipment. An electrolysis hydrogen production system is used to generate hydrogen gas. Hydrogen fuel cells obtain hydrogen from an electrolysis hydrogen production system to provide electrical power for the system equipment. The supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system has a carbon dioxide heat exchange cycle. It uses an electric compressor to compress carbon dioxide to generate heat, which is then used to heat the molten salt and store the thermal energy in the molten salt. A steam cycle power generation system has molten salt cycle and water cycle. The heat energy in the molten salt is released to the water through heat exchange to form steam. The steam is then used to generate electricity by passing through a turbine.

[0009] As a further preferred option, a wind-solar hybrid power generation system includes wind and solar power generation units.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the electrolytic hydrogen production system includes a steam generator, a superheater, and a solid oxide electrolyzer connected in sequence. The solid oxide electrolyzer is connected to a hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. The hydrogen fuel cell is connected to an external waste heat collector, which preheats the carbon dioxide in the supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system.

[0011] As a further preferred option, the supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system includes a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop and molten salt thermal storage pipelines. The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop includes a first compressor, a second compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a first molten salt heater, a second molten salt heater, a first turbine, and a second turbine; wherein, the pipeline circulation includes: a carbon dioxide pipeline A with the first compressor, first heat exchanger, second compressor, second molten salt heater, first heat exchanger, and second heat exchanger flowing in sequence; a carbon dioxide pipeline B with the first compressor, first molten salt heater, and second heat exchanger flowing in sequence; and a carbon dioxide pipeline C with the second heat exchanger, first turbine, third heat exchanger, second turbine, third heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, and first compressor flowing in sequence. The molten salt thermal storage pipeline includes a low-temperature molten salt tank and a high-temperature molten salt tank, forming a pipeline with the low-temperature molten salt tank, the first molten salt heater, the second molten salt heater, and the high-temperature molten salt tank flowing in sequence.

[0012] As a further preferred option, the steam cycle power generation system includes molten salt heat exchange pipelines and a Rankine cycle loop; The molten salt heat exchange pipeline includes a superheater, a reheater, an evaporator, and a heat transfer device. The high-temperature molten salt tank is connected to the superheater and the reheater through two pipelines, and the superheater and the reheater converge at the evaporator through pipelines, forming a pipeline with the evaporator, heat transfer device, and low-temperature molten salt tank flowing in sequence. The Rankine cycle includes a high-pressure turbine, a low-pressure turbine, a condenser, a cryogenic water tank, a heat exchanger, and a high-temperature water tank, forming a pipeline loop with the high-temperature water tank, heat transfer unit, evaporator, superheater, high-pressure turbine, reheater, low-pressure turbine, condenser, cryogenic water tank, heat exchanger, and high-temperature water tank flowing in sequence.

[0013] As a further preferred option, in the carbon dioxide pipeline C, the section of the pipeline flowing from the second turbine to the third heat exchanger undergoes heat exchange through the heat exchanger.

[0014] As a further preferred option, the system also includes an organic Rankine cycle system, comprising a circulation pipeline with a heat exchanger, expander, condenser, and working fluid pump as loops, and a waste heat collector connected to the heat exchanger for heat transfer.

[0015] As a further preferred option, the system also includes a peak-shaving pipeline. One end of the peak-shaving pipeline is connected to the outlet water pipes of the superheater and reheater in the Rankine cycle to extract high-temperature steam. The other end is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the solid oxide electrolyzer to generate hydrogen for storage in a hydrogen storage tank. The other path is connected to the inlet water pipe of the heat generator in the Rankine cycle. The peak-shaving pipeline has valves.

[0016] This invention has the following advantages: (1) Dual-path energy storage of surplus wind and solar energy based on generalized Carnot batteries: thermal-hydrogen This patent proposes a generalized Carnot battery unit that can simultaneously convert surplus wind and photovoltaic power into thermal and hydrogen energy for storage. During the energy release phase, the stored thermal and hydrogen energy are converted back into electrical energy, achieving efficient energy output. During the energy storage phase, the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack is used to preheat the working medium entering the compressor, significantly improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system; the electrical energy from the fuel cell can also directly power rotating equipment within the system. During the energy supply phase, the hydrogen fuel cell not only provides electricity, but its waste heat can also drive a low-temperature Rankine cycle for power generation, achieving multi-stage energy utilization and improving overall energy efficiency.

[0017] (2) High-efficiency coupling scheme of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle and "molten salt + water" dual heat storage medium This patent employs a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) heat pump cycle and innovatively designs a dual heat storage medium system combining molten salt and water. Molten salt is used for high-temperature heat storage, while water is used for medium- and low-temperature heat storage, achieving comprehensive coverage of the heat storage temperature range. During the electro-thermal conversion process, the sCO2 heat pump cycle releases heat to the molten salt at the high-temperature end, storing energy, and continues to exchange heat with the Rankine cycle feedwater through a heat exchanger at the low-temperature end, achieving deep recovery and utilization of the working fluid energy. This scheme significantly improves the cycle's thermal energy utilization rate and represents a key technological breakthrough in improving the overall efficiency of the Carnot battery.

[0018] (3) Deep peak shaving mode of thermal power units based on "dual path" To enhance the flexible adjustment capabilities of traditional thermal power units in high-proportion renewable energy systems, this patent proposes a "dual-path" deep peak-shaving mode. On one hand, by extracting main steam and reheat steam to heat molten salt, high-temperature heat is stored in the molten salt medium, enabling the unit to achieve deep peak shaving without compromising safety margins, while simultaneously meeting high-load heating demands. On the other hand, high-temperature steam is used to drive a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) for high-temperature hydrogen production. The high-temperature steam from the boiler and the SOEC reaction conditions are highly matched, enabling efficient coupling between the thermal power unit's thermal system and the hydrogen production process, thus achieving multi-functional synergy of "peak shaving—heating—hydrogen production." Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage mode circuit of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy release mode loop of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the deep peak-shaving mode loop of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0021] The present invention provides a microgrid system incorporating a generalized Carnot battery, comprising a wind-solar hybrid power generation system, an electrolysis hydrogen production system, a hydrogen fuel cell, an organic Rankine cycle system, a supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system, and a steam cycle power generation system. The wind-solar hybrid power generation system includes a wind-solar power generation unit 1; The electrolytic hydrogen production system includes a steam generator 2, a superheater 3, and a solid oxide electrolyzer 4. The solid oxide electrolyzer 4 is connected to a hydrogen storage tank 5. The solid oxide electrolyzer 4 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 5 and a hydrogen fuel cell 6 to store energy. The hydrogen fuel cell 6 is externally connected to a waste heat collector 7. The waste heat collector 7 preheats the carbon dioxide in the supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system and supplies heat to the heat exchanger 8. The organic Rankine cycle system includes a waste heat collector 7 that transfers waste heat to a heat exchanger 8, the heat exchanger 8 being connected to an expander 9, the expander 9 being connected to a condenser 10, and the condenser 10 being connected to a working fluid pump 11 to form a cycle.

[0022] The supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system includes a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop and molten salt thermal storage pipelines.

[0023] The supercritical carbon dioxide cycle loop includes a first compressor 12, a second compressor 13, a first heat exchanger 15, a second heat exchanger 17, a third heat exchanger 19, a first molten salt heater 16, a second molten salt heater 14, a first turbine 18, and a second turbine 20; The pipeline circulation includes a carbon dioxide pipeline A with the first compressor 12, the first heat exchanger 15, the second compressor 13, the second molten salt heater 14, the first heat exchanger 15, and the second heat exchanger 17 flowing in sequence. The carbon dioxide pipeline B consists of the first compressor 12, the first molten salt heater 16, and the second heat exchanger 17 flowing in sequence. The carbon dioxide pipeline C consists of the second heat exchanger 17, the first turbine 18, the third heat exchanger 19, the second turbine 20, the third heat exchanger 19, the second heat exchanger 17, and the first compressor 12 in sequence. The first heat exchanger 15 is for interstage heat exchange in the compressor to improve work output. The second heat exchanger 17 is for reducing the temperature before entering the expander to improve efficiency. The third heat exchanger 19 is for interstage heat exchange in the expander to improve work output.

[0024] Assuming that the first compressor 12 is the starting point, carbon dioxide pipe A and carbon dioxide pipe A combine the internal carbon dioxide to the second heat exchanger 17. The second heat exchanger 17 returns to the first compressor 12 through carbon dioxide pipe C to complete one cycle. In this embodiment, carbon dioxide pipe C has a heat exchanger that forms a heat exchange loop with waste heat collector 7, transferring the heat from waste heat collector 7 to the carbon dioxide before it enters the first compressor 12 for preheating.

[0025] The molten salt thermal storage pipeline includes a low-temperature molten salt tank 22 and a high-temperature molten salt tank 23, forming a pipeline with the low-temperature molten salt tank 22, the first molten salt heater 16, the second molten salt heater 14, and the high-temperature molten salt tank 23 flowing in sequence. The molten salt in the low-temperature molten salt tank 22 is heated into high-temperature molten salt by the first molten salt heater 16 and the second molten salt heater 14 to achieve energy storage.

[0026] The steam cycle power generation system includes molten salt heat exchange pipelines and Rankine cycle loops.

[0027] The molten salt heat exchange pipeline includes a superheater 24, a reheater 25, an evaporator 26, and a heat transfer device 27. The high-temperature molten salt tank 23 is connected to the superheater 24 and the reheater 25 through two pipelines. The superheater 24 and the reheater 25 are connected to the evaporator 26 through pipelines, forming a pipeline with the evaporator 26, the heat transfer device 27, and the low-temperature molten salt tank 22 flowing in sequence. The heat in the high-temperature molten salt is transferred to the evaporator 26 and the heat transfer device 27 to heat the water in the Rankine loop, thus realizing heat transfer.

[0028] The Rankine cycle includes a high-pressure turbine 36, a low-pressure turbine 35, a condenser 34, a cryogenic water tank 32, a heat exchanger 31, and a high-temperature water tank 30, forming a pipeline loop with the high-temperature water tank 30, heat exchanger 27, evaporator 26, superheater 24, high-pressure turbine 36, reheater 25, low-pressure turbine 35, condenser 34, cryogenic water tank 32, and high-temperature water tank 30 flowing in sequence; wherein, the steam from the superheater 24 enters the high-pressure turbine 36. The exhaust steam from the outlet of the high-pressure turbine 36 is reheated into high-temperature steam by the reheater 25 and enters the low-pressure turbine 35 to expand and do work. The low-pressure turbine 35 is connected to the condenser 34, which is connected to the second feed water pump 33. The second feed water pump 33 is connected to the low-temperature water tank 32, which is connected to the heat exchanger 31. The heat exchanger 31 is connected to the high-temperature water tank 30, which is connected to the first feed water pump 29, which is then connected to the heat exchanger 27.

[0029] In the carbon dioxide pipeline C, the section of the pipeline flowing from the second turbine 20 to the third heat exchanger 19 undergoes heat exchange through heat exchanger 31. The heat carried by the carbon dioxide can also be used to preheat the water in the Rankine cycle, improving efficiency. This achieves heat exchange between carbon dioxide and water, corresponding to the heat exchange with two media (molten salt and water) mentioned earlier.

[0030] The molten salt thermal storage pipeline and the molten salt heat exchange pipeline form a complete molten salt heat exchange loop.

[0031] System diagram as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes three operating modes: energy storage mode, energy release mode, and deep peak shaving mode.

[0032] Cycle route in energy storage mode: like Figure 2 As shown, after the wind and solar power generation unit 1 meets the load, the excess electricity drives the steam generator 2 to generate steam, which then enters the electric heater 3 to superheat the steam. The superheated steam enters the solid oxide electrolyzer 4 to generate hydrogen, which is given to the hydrogen fuel cell 6, and the rest is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 5. In the charging cycle, the supercritical carbon dioxide medium is first preheated by the waste heat collector 7, and then enters the first compressor 12. The excess electricity from wind and solar power and the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell can be used to drive the compressor. The first compressor 12 is divided into two paths. In one path, the supercritical carbon dioxide medium enters the second compressor 13 through the interstage heat exchanger 15, then passes through the second molten salt heater 14, then returns to the interstage heat exchanger 15, and then flows through the second heat exchanger 17. In the other path, the supercritical carbon dioxide medium flows through the first molten salt heater 16, then flows through the second heat exchanger 17. The two paths of supercritical carbon dioxide medium merge in the second heat exchanger 17, then enter the first turbine 18, then flow through the third heat exchanger 19, and then enter the second turbine 20. The flow through the first turbine 18 and the second turbine 20 is to achieve multi-stage expansion, which increases the work done and thus reduces the temperature, completing the cycle. The outflowing carbon dioxide medium passes through the heat exchanger 31, then returns to the third heat exchanger 19, then returns to the second heat exchanger 17, and finally reaches the first compressor 12, completing the energy storage cycle.

[0033] Molten salt flows out of the low-temperature molten salt tank 22 and is pumped by the molten salt pump 21 to the first molten salt heater 16 for heating. Then it flows through the second molten salt heater 14 and enters the heat storage tank 23 after being heated a second time, thus completing the energy storage flow of the molten salt.

[0034] Cycle route in the energy release mode: like Figure 3 As shown, the high-temperature molten salt working medium in the high-temperature molten salt tank 23 enters the superheater 24 and reheater 25 through the molten salt pump 38 to transfer heat. After the molten salt releases heat, it merges and releases heat to the feed water through the evaporator 26 and the heat supply 27, and then enters the low-temperature molten salt tank 22 through the molten salt pump 28 to complete the energy release flow of the molten salt. Combined with the energy storage flow of the molten salt, the energy storage-energy release cycle of the molten salt is formed.

[0035] Water from the low-temperature water tank 32 exchanges heat with the third heat exchanger 19 in the supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump heat storage through the heat exchanger 31 to obtain heat, and then enters the high-temperature water tank 30. The water from the outlet enters the heat exchanger 27 through the feed water pump 29 for preheating, and then generates high-temperature steam through the evaporator 26. The high-temperature steam passes through the superheater 24 to generate superheated steam, which enters the high-pressure turbine 36 to do work and generate electricity. The steam from the high-pressure cylinder is reheated through the reheater 25, and the reheated steam enters the low-pressure turbine 35 to do work again. The steam flowing out of the low-pressure cylinder is condensed through the condenser 34, and then enters the low-temperature water tank 32 through the feed water pump 33, completing the water vapor energy release cycle.

[0036] Simultaneously, hydrogen from hydrogen storage tank 5 is released to hydrogen fuel cell 6 to generate electricity. In this mode, the stored thermal energy and hydrogen energy are converted back into electrical energy to meet power demand and peak shaving. It should be noted that when the above power generation is still insufficient to meet load demand, a bypass cryogenic Rankine cycle is initiated. The waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is collected by heat collector 7 and exchanges heat with heat exchanger 8 in the cryogenic Rankine cycle. The heated working fluid enters expander 9 to generate electricity, and after doing work, it enters condenser 10 for condensation. It is then pumped by working fluid pump 11 back to heat exchanger 8, completing one cryogenic Rankine cycle.

[0037] Deep peak shaving mode: like Figure 4 The deep peak shaving mode shown aims to consume high-temperature steam, thereby reducing the unit's output.

[0038] The system also includes a peak-shaving pipeline, the main body of which is a steam extraction pipe 37. The steam extraction pipe 37 is equipped with valves and a gas pump. In the deep peak-shaving mode, the low-temperature molten salt in the low-temperature molten salt tank 22 is reverse-transported to the high-temperature molten salt tank 23. Specifically, high-temperature steam is extracted through the steam extraction pipe 37, and the other end is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the solid oxide electrolyzer 4 to generate hydrogen for storage in the hydrogen storage tank 5. The other path is connected to the inlet pipe of the heat exchanger 27 in the Rankine cycle loop. After passing through the heat exchanger 27 and the evaporator 26, the heat is transferred to the low-temperature molten salt flowing in the opposite direction. After heat exchange, the high-temperature steam becomes liquid and enters the evaporator 26. The low-temperature molten salt tank 22 is pumped by the molten salt pump 28 and flows sequentially through the heat exchanger 27, the evaporator 26, the superheater 24, and the reheater 25. The cold molten salt is heated by the steam and becomes high-temperature hot molten salt, which is then input into the high-temperature molten salt tank 23 for storage through the high-temperature molten salt pump 38.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A regional power grid system containing generalized Carnot batteries, characterized by: This includes wind-solar hybrid power generation systems, electrolysis hydrogen production systems, hydrogen fuel cells, supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage systems, and steam cycle power generation systems. The wind-solar hybrid power generation system provides electricity for the electrolysis hydrogen production system and its equipment. An electrolysis hydrogen production system is used to generate hydrogen gas. Hydrogen fuel cells obtain hydrogen from an electrolysis hydrogen production system to provide electrical power for the system equipment. The supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system has a carbon dioxide heat exchange cycle. It uses an electric compressor to compress carbon dioxide to generate heat, which is then used to heat the molten salt and store the thermal energy in the molten salt. A steam cycle power generation system has molten salt cycle and water cycle. The heat energy in the molten salt is released to the water through heat exchange to form steam. The steam is then used to generate electricity by passing through a turbine.

2. A regional power grid system containing generalized Carnot batteries as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The wind-solar hybrid power generation system includes wind and solar power generation units (1).

3. The regional power grid system containing generalized Carnot batteries of claim 1, wherein: The electrolytic hydrogen production system includes a steam generator (2), a superheater (3), and a solid oxide electrolyzer (4) connected in sequence. The solid oxide electrolyzer (4) is connected to a hydrogen storage tank (5) and a hydrogen fuel cell (6). The hydrogen fuel cell (6) is connected to an external waste heat collector (7). The waste heat collector (7) preheats the carbon dioxide in the supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system.

4. The regional power grid system containing generalized Carnot batteries of claim 3, wherein: The supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump molten salt thermal storage system includes a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop and molten salt thermal storage pipelines. The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop includes a first compressor (12), a second compressor (13), a first heat exchanger (15), a second heat exchanger (17), a third heat exchanger (19), a first molten salt heater (16), a second molten salt heater (14), a first turbine (18), and a second turbine (20); wherein, the pipeline circulation includes: a carbon dioxide pipeline A with the first compressor (12), first heat exchanger (15), second compressor (13), second molten salt heater (14), first heat exchanger (15), and second heat exchanger (17) flowing in sequence; a carbon dioxide pipeline B with the first compressor (12), first molten salt heater (16), and second heat exchanger (17) flowing in sequence; and a carbon dioxide pipeline C with the second heat exchanger (17), first turbine (18), third heat exchanger (19), second turbine (20), third heat exchanger (19), second heat exchanger (17), and first compressor (12) flowing in sequence; The molten salt heat storage pipeline includes a low-temperature molten salt tank (22) and a high-temperature molten salt tank (23), forming a pipeline with the low-temperature molten salt tank (22), the first molten salt heater (16), the second molten salt heater (14), and the high-temperature molten salt tank (23) flowing in sequence.

5. A regional power grid system containing generalized Carnot batteries as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The steam cycle power generation system includes molten salt heat exchange pipelines and a Rankine cycle loop; The molten salt heat exchange pipeline includes a superheater (24), a reheater (25), an evaporator (26), and a heat transfer device (27); the high-temperature molten salt tank (23) is connected to the superheater (24) and the reheater (25) through two pipelines respectively, and the superheater (24) and the reheater (25) are connected to the evaporator (26) through pipelines, forming a pipeline with the evaporator (26), the heat transfer device (27), and the low-temperature molten salt tank (22) flowing in sequence; The Rankine cycle includes a high-pressure turbine (36), a low-pressure turbine (35), a condenser (34), a low-temperature water tank (32), a heat exchanger (31), and a high-temperature water tank (30), forming a pipeline loop with the high-temperature water tank (30), the heat exchanger (27), the evaporator (26), the superheater (24), the high-pressure turbine (36), the reheater (25), the low-pressure turbine (35), the condenser (34), the low-temperature water tank (32), the heat exchanger (31), and the high-temperature water tank (30) flowing in sequence.

6. A regional power grid system containing generalized Carnot batteries as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In the carbon dioxide pipeline C, the section of the pipeline flowing from the second turbine (20) to the third heat exchanger (19) undergoes heat exchange through the heat exchanger (31).

7. The regional power grid system containing generalized Carnot batteries of claim 5, wherein: The system also includes an organic Rankine cycle system, which includes a circulation pipeline with a heat exchanger (8), an expander (9), a condenser (10), and a working fluid pump (11) as the loop, and a waste heat collector (7) connected to the heat exchanger (8) for heat transfer.

8. A regional power grid system incorporating a generalized Carnot battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system also includes a peak-shaving pipeline. One end of the peak-shaving pipeline is connected to the outlet pipes of the superheater (24) and reheater (25) in the Rankine cycle loop to extract high-temperature steam. The other end is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the solid oxide electrolyzer (4) to generate hydrogen and store it in the hydrogen storage tank (5). The other path is connected to the inlet pipe of the heat generator (27) in the Rankine cycle loop.

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