Periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device and measurement method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device and a measurement method thereof. The device comprises a conventional pulse modulation measurement module and a narrow pulse measurement module. The conventional pulse modulation measurement module is composed of a detector and an oscilloscope and is suitable for measuring pulse modulation signals with the pulse width larger than or equal to 1 s. The narrow pulse modulation measurement module is composed of a peak power probe and a peak power analyzer, and is suitable for pulse width lt; measuring a 1s pulse modulation signal; according to the invention, a conventional pulse modulation signal and a narrow pulse modulation signal can be comprehensively measured at the same time, and accurate measurement requirements of pulse modulation signals in multiple fields such as radars, communication base stations, electronic countermeasure systems and the like can be met; meanwhile, signal characteristics can be carefully captured, key parameters of pulse modulation signals can be accurately measured, meanwhile, the advanced technology and calibration method are adopted, errors are reduced, and the performance of a high-precision scene system is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of signal calibration and measurement technology, and in particular to a periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device and its measurement method. Background Technology

[0002] Periodic pulse signals are widely used in modern electronic systems. In communication systems, periodic pulse signals serve as a crucial carrier for data transmission. By modulating the parameters of the pulses, digital information can be transmitted efficiently, enabling stable long-distance communication. In radar systems, precise analysis of pulse echo signals allows for the acquisition of key information such as target distance, velocity, and azimuth, enabling target detection and location. However, during long transmission processes, signals are highly susceptible to various external noise interferences. Furthermore, unavoidable errors exist due to the aging of components and manufacturing inaccuracies. The combined effect of these factors often leads to deviations in key parameters of periodic pulse modulated signals, such as pulse width and pulse repetition period. Deviations in pulse width can affect the accuracy of radar system target distance measurement or increase the bit error rate in communication systems; changes in the pulse repetition period can interfere with the radar's target tracking capability and the synchronization performance of the communication system, thus affecting the overall system performance and accuracy.

[0003] In practical applications, measuring pulse-modulated signals presents challenges such as bandwidth limitations, noise interference, and difficulty in triggering. Narrow pulse signals possess rich high-frequency components, and the bandwidth of ordinary measuring equipment may not meet the requirements, leading to signal distortion and measurement errors. During measurement, external noise and the instrument's own noise may be superimposed on the narrow pulse signal, affecting measurement accuracy; moreover, due to the extremely short duration of narrow pulses, it is impossible to capture the complete pulse signal. Traditional measurement methods, due to limitations in their principles, cannot meet the increasingly high-precision demands of modern electronic systems. Especially in narrow pulse measurements, the pulse width is often on the nanosecond to microsecond scale, and the narrow pulse signal has a wide spectrum. Many measuring devices have limited bandwidth; if a common oscilloscope is used to measure nanosecond-level pulses, insufficient bandwidth will lead to signal distortion, measurement deviation, and an inability to fully measure its high-frequency components. Simultaneously, accurate reconstruction of narrow pulses requires a high sampling rate, which some devices cannot achieve, resulting in the loss of signal details and compromised measurement accuracy.

[0004] The patent CN 106841769A, entitled "Device and Method for Measuring Peak Power of Periodic Modulated Signals", discloses a device and method for measuring peak power of pulse modulated signals. This device differs from the one in this invention in that it is mainly used to measure the peak power of periodic pulse modulated signals below -20dBm. The hardware composition is also different, mainly consisting of a peak power meter and a signal analyzer. Furthermore, it cannot measure narrow pulse signals.

[0005] The paper "Software Design for Modulation Pulse Parameter Measurement" discloses a method for measuring modulation pulse parameters based on software radio. This method is based on the I / Q baseband signal after digital quadrature demodulation and combines software algorithms to extract parameters such as pulse width and period of the pulse modulation signal. This method has a different implementation principle than the one presented here.

[0006] The paper "Research on Automatic Testing Method of Pulse Width and Period Parameters of Pulse Modulated Signals Based on Spectrum Analyzer" discloses a method for measuring the pulse width and period parameters of pulse modulated signals. This method is based on the "zero bandwidth" measurement mode of a spectrum analyzer and realizes the testing of both pulse width and period parameters of pulse modulated signals. Compared with this method, the implementation principle and hardware equipment used in this invention are different. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device and its measurement method to overcome the limitations of existing pulse measurement equipment, such as performance limitations, noise interference, and signal characteristic influence.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: to provide a periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device, including a conventional pulse modulation measurement module and a narrow pulse measurement module;

[0009] The conventional pulse modulation measurement module consists of a detector and an oscilloscope, and is suitable for measuring pulse modulation signals with a pulse width ≥ 1µs. The detector performs detection processing on the pulse modulation signal, converting the high-frequency pulse modulation signal into a low-frequency signal, and extracting the pulse period and pulse width characteristics contained in the high-frequency signal to achieve preliminary detection and conversion of key parameters of the pulse modulation signal. The detected signal is transmitted to the oscilloscope, which displays the signal waveform visually and accurately measures the signal parameters. The signal waveform is analyzed and measured to accurately obtain the pulse width and repetition period parameters.

[0010] The narrow pulse modulation measurement module consists of a peak power probe and a peak power analyzer, suitable for measuring pulse modulation signals with a pulse width <1µs. The peak power probe is the front-end sensor of the entire measurement module, directly contacting the narrow pulse modulation signal under test and performing preliminary signal processing, including a signal conversion module and a signal conditioning module. The signal conversion module converts the signal into a DC or low-frequency signal, and the signal conditioning module filters and amplifies the detected signal. The peak power analyzer includes a signal acquisition and data buffering module, a trigger control module, a data processing and parameter calculation module, and a measurement result display module. The system comprises the following modules: a signal acquisition and data caching module that performs high-speed sampling of the conditioned signal, converts the analog signal into a digital signal to ensure that the key information of the narrow pulse is not lost, and temporarily stores the sampled data; a trigger control module that generates a trigger signal according to specific conditions and uses the trigger signal to lock the phase to ensure that the system works synchronously; a data processing and parameter calculation module that is responsible for filtering out noise and interference, reducing the data rate, and using algorithms and processing programs to analyze the acquired data in real time and measure the pulse repetition frequency and pulse width of the narrow pulse; and a measurement result display module that displays the measurement results in real time in graphical form.

[0011] Another technical solution of the present invention provides a measurement method using the above-described periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step S1: Select and prepare the measuring equipment:

[0013] For conventional pulse modulation signals, a detector and a broadband oscilloscope from the conventional pulse modulation measurement module are selected for measurement; where the bandwidth is ≥ 2 × pulse frequency bandwidth;

[0014] For narrow pulse modulation signals, the peak power probe and peak power analyzer in the narrow pulse modulation measurement module are selected for measurement; the bandwidth is ≥2 × pulse frequency bandwidth, the sampling rate is ≥4 times the bandwidth, the dynamic range bandwidth is ≥ signal average peak ratio +10dB, and the storage depth is ≥2 × ;

[0015] Step S2: Connect the instrument and measure the pulse waveform parameters:

[0016] For conventional pulse modulation signals, input the radio frequency narrow pulse modulation signal to the detector input terminal, set the trigger mode of the broadband oscilloscope to rising edge trigger and continuous measurement mode, adjust the sampling rate and storage depth, and observe the waveform and signal integrity on the instrument display screen. If the waveform has obvious noise or missing details, readjust to display the signal with a complete cycle, read the pulse period and pulse width measurement results and record them.

[0017] For narrow pulse modulation signals, input the RF narrow pulse modulation signal to the input terminal of the peak power probe, set the trigger mode of the peak power analyzer to rising edge trigger and continuous measurement mode, and ensure that the instrument triggers sampling at the beginning of the pulse or a specific leading edge. Adjust the sampling rate and storage depth, observe the waveform and signal integrity on the instrument display screen. If the waveform has obvious noise or missing details, readjust to display the signal of the complete cycle, read the pulse period and pulse width measurement results and record them.

[0018] The beneficial effects achieved by the periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device and measurement method provided by this invention are:

[0019] (1) Comprehensive and compatibility advantages: This invention can simultaneously measure both conventional pulse modulation signals and narrow pulse modulation signals, and can meet the accurate measurement needs of pulse modulation signals in multiple fields such as radar, communication base stations, and electronic countermeasures systems.

[0020] (2) Improved measurement precision and accuracy: This invention can capture signal features precisely and measure key parameters of pulse modulation signals accurately. At the same time, it adopts advanced technologies and calibration methods to reduce errors and ensure the performance of high-precision scene systems.

[0021] (3) High efficiency and real-time performance: The present invention has a fast measurement response capability, can complete the measurement and analysis of pulse modulation signals in a short time, and presents the measurement results in real time in the form of graphics and numbers through an intuitive display interface. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A block diagram illustrating the measurement principle of narrow pulse modulation signals provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the measurement process for narrow pulse modulation signals provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 The measurement result of a conventional pulse modulation signal (pulse width 200µs) is provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is the measurement result of the narrow pulse modulation signal (pulse width 100ns) provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device and its measurement method proposed in this invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of this invention will become clearer from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise ratios, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of this invention.

[0029] This invention provides a high-precision, high-reliability pulse modulation signal measurement device and method to meet the complex signal analysis needs of modern radar and communication fields. The periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device provided by this invention includes a conventional pulse modulation measurement module (pulse width ≥ 1µs) and a narrow pulse measurement module (pulse width < 1µs), which can measure pulse modulation signals with specific frequencies, pulse widths, and waveform characteristics.

[0030] The conventional pulse modulation measurement module consists of a detector and an oscilloscope, suitable for measuring pulse modulation signals with pulse widths in the microsecond range and above. The detector and oscilloscope work together to effectively measure conventional pulse modulation signals. The detector processes the pulse modulation signal, converting the high-frequency signal into a low-frequency signal and extracting characteristic information such as the pulse period and pulse width contained in the high-frequency signal. This allows for the preliminary detection and conversion of key parameters of the pulse modulation signal, preparing for subsequent precise measurements. The processed signal is then transmitted to the oscilloscope, which provides a visual display of the signal waveform and precise measurement of signal parameters. Through analysis and measurement of the signal waveform, important parameters such as pulse width and repetition period can be accurately obtained, ensuring a certain level of accuracy and reliability for the pulse modulation signal.

[0031] The narrow pulse modulation measurement module consists of a peak power probe and a peak power analyzer, suitable for measuring nanosecond to microsecond-level pulse modulation signals. The peak power probe is the front-end sensor of the entire measurement module, responsible for direct contact with the narrow pulse modulation signal under test and for preliminary signal processing. It mainly includes a signal conversion module and a signal conditioning module. The signal conversion module converts the signal into a DC or low-frequency signal, while the signal conditioning module performs filtering, amplification, and other operations on the detected signal to improve signal quality.

[0032] The peak power analyzer mainly comprises a signal acquisition and data buffer module, a trigger control module, a data processing and parameter calculation module, and a measurement result display module. The signal acquisition and data buffer module is responsible for high-speed sampling of the conditioned signal, converting the analog signal into a digital signal to ensure no critical information of the narrow pulse is lost, and temporarily storing the sampled data. The trigger control module generates a trigger signal based on specific conditions and uses this trigger signal to lock the phase, ensuring synchronized system operation. The data processing and parameter calculation module is responsible for filtering out noise and interference, reducing the data rate, and using advanced algorithms and processing programs to perform real-time analysis of the acquired data, measuring the pulse repetition frequency, pulse width, etc., of the narrow pulse. The measurement result display module displays the measurement results graphically in real time. Working in conjunction with a peak power probe, it provides an effective solution for the accurate measurement of narrow pulse modulated signals.

[0033] For conventional pulse modulation signals (pulse width ≥ 1µs), a detector + high-precision oscilloscope measurement method is used. When the pulse width is less than 1µs (narrow pulse modulation signal), a wide bandwidth, high sampling rate and short rise time hardware design is adopted to ensure accurate capture of narrow pulse signal characteristics. For the influence of signal characteristics, advanced signal processing algorithms such as filtering and downsampling are used to reduce noise, improve time resolution and response speed, and accurately measure pulse parameters.

[0034] Another technical solution of the present invention provides a measurement method using the above-described periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Select and prepare the measuring equipment.

[0036] Pulse signals typically consist of high and low voltage levels and are used to represent binary information; baseband pulse sequences... The definition is as follows:

[0037] (1)

[0038] In the formula: The pulse signal width, The interval between pulses is called the pulse period. The duty cycle of a pulse signal is called its width; a narrow pulse signal has a duty cycle of less than 50%. The narrower the pulse width, the wider the corresponding frequency band; The wider the width, the narrower the corresponding frequency band. This is a time parameter.

[0039] Pulse modulation signals are baseband pulse sequences Modulated to carrier The pulse modulation signal is obtained from the above.

[0040] (2)

[0041] in, For carrier frequency.

[0042] The detection process is the reverse of the modulation process, using analog multipliers and low-pass filters to achieve spectrum shifting and envelope capture of the signal. Detector output signal:

[0043] (3)

[0044] in, For local carrier frequency, This refers to the local carrier phase.

[0045] After low-pass filtering, the low-frequency components are retained:

[0046] (4)

[0047] If the local carrier generated by the phase-locked loop is in phase and frequency with the received signal carrier, then...

[0048] (5)

[0049] It can be recovered with appropriate gain. .

[0050] Based on the above principles, for conventional pulse modulation signals (pulse width at the microsecond level or above), a detector and a broadband oscilloscope (bandwidth ≥ 2 × pulse frequency bandwidth) are selected for measurement.

[0051] For narrow pulse modulation signals (pulse width below microseconds), select a peak power probe and a peak power analyzer (bandwidth ≥ 2 × pulse frequency bandwidth, sampling rate ≥ 4 times bandwidth, dynamic range bandwidth ≥ signal average peak ratio + 10dB; storage depth ≥ 2 × ) to perform the measurement.

[0052] Step 2: Connect the instrument and measure the pulse waveform parameters.

[0053] For conventional pulse modulation signals, such as Figure 1 As shown, input the RF narrow pulse modulation signal to the detector input terminal, set the trigger mode of the broadband oscilloscope to rising edge trigger and continuous measurement mode, adjust the sampling rate and storage depth, and observe the waveform and signal integrity on the instrument display screen. If the waveform has obvious noise or missing details, readjust to display the signal with a complete cycle, read the pulse period and pulse width measurement results and record them.

[0054] For narrow pulse modulation signals, such as Figure 1As shown, input the RF narrow pulse modulation signal to the input terminal of the peak power probe, set the trigger mode of the peak power analyzer to rising edge trigger and continuous measurement mode, ensure that the instrument triggers sampling at the beginning of the pulse or a specific leading edge, adjust the sampling rate and storage depth, observe the waveform and signal integrity on the instrument display screen interface, if the waveform has obvious noise or missing details, readjust to display the signal of the complete cycle, read the pulse period and pulse width measurement results and record them.

[0055] Figure 4 and Figure 5 These are test data from an example.

[0056] Table 1 provides the validation results for different pulse widths (duty cycles of 10% to 20%).

[0057] Table 1 Pulse signal calibration results

[0058] Serial Number Pulse width nominal value Measured pulse width error 1 50 ns 50.02 ns 0.04% 2 100 ns 100.4ns 0.4% 3 200 ns 198.2 ns -0.9% 4 500 ns 499.9 ns -0.02% 5 1us 0.9978 us -0.22% 6 2us 1.997 US -0.15% 7 10 us 10.00 US 0.0% 8 200us 200.5 US 0.25%

[0059] Experimental results show that the device and method provided by this invention can measure pulse modulation signals with pulse widths of 50ns to 200us (or even wider), with a measurement error of less than 1%, and have high accuracy.

[0060] The contents not described in detail in this specification are prior art known to those skilled in the art. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device, characterized in that, Includes a conventional pulse modulation measurement module and a narrow pulse measurement module; The conventional pulse modulation measurement module consists of a detector and an oscilloscope, and is suitable for measuring pulse modulation signals with a pulse width ≥ 1µs. The detector performs detection processing on the pulse modulation signal, converting the high-frequency pulse modulation signal into a low-frequency signal, and extracting the pulse period and pulse width characteristics contained in the high-frequency signal to achieve preliminary detection and conversion of key parameters of the pulse modulation signal. The detected signal is transmitted to the oscilloscope, which displays the signal waveform visually and accurately measures the signal parameters. The signal waveform is analyzed and measured to accurately obtain the pulse width and repetition period parameters. The narrow pulse modulation measurement module consists of a peak power probe and a peak power analyzer, and is suitable for measuring pulse modulation signals with a pulse width <1µs. The peak power probe is the front-end sensor of the entire measurement module, directly contacting the narrow pulse modulation signal under test and performing preliminary signal processing, including a signal conversion module and a signal conditioning module. The signal conversion module converts the signal into a DC or low-frequency signal, and the signal conditioning module filters and amplifies the detected signal. The peak power analyzer includes a signal acquisition and data buffer module, a trigger control module, a data processing and parameter calculation module, and a measurement result display module. The signal acquisition and data buffer module performs high-speed sampling of the conditioned signal, converting the analog signal into a digital signal to ensure that the key information of the narrow pulse is not lost, and temporarily stores the sampled data. The trigger control module generates a trigger signal based on specific conditions and uses the trigger signal to lock the phase, ensuring that the system works synchronously. The data processing and parameter calculation module is responsible for filtering out noise and interference, reducing the data rate, and using algorithms and processing programs to analyze the collected data in real time, measuring the pulse repetition frequency and pulse width of the narrow pulse. The measurement result display module displays the measurement results in real time in graphical form.

2. A measurement method using the periodic pulse modulation signal calibration device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Select and prepare the measuring equipment: For conventional pulse modulation signals, a detector and a broadband oscilloscope from the conventional pulse modulation measurement module are selected for measurement; where the bandwidth is ≥ 2 × pulse frequency bandwidth; For narrow pulse modulation signals, the peak power probe and peak power analyzer in the narrow pulse modulation measurement module are selected for measurement; the bandwidth is ≥2 × pulse frequency bandwidth, the sampling rate is ≥4 times the bandwidth, the dynamic range bandwidth is ≥ signal average peak ratio +10dB, and the storage depth is ≥2 × ; Step S2: Connect the instrument and measure the pulse waveform parameters: For conventional pulse modulation signals, input the radio frequency narrow pulse modulation signal to the detector input terminal, set the trigger mode of the broadband oscilloscope to rising edge trigger and continuous measurement mode, adjust the sampling rate and storage depth, and observe the waveform and signal integrity on the instrument display screen. If the waveform has obvious noise or missing details, readjust to display the signal with a complete cycle, read the pulse period and pulse width measurement results and record them. For narrow pulse modulation signals, input the RF narrow pulse modulation signal to the input terminal of the peak power probe, set the trigger mode of the peak power analyzer to rising edge trigger and continuous measurement mode, and ensure that the instrument triggers sampling at the beginning of the pulse or a specific leading edge. Adjust the sampling rate and storage depth, observe the waveform and signal integrity on the instrument display screen. If the waveform has obvious noise or missing details, readjust to display the signal of the complete cycle, read the pulse period and pulse width measurement results and record them.

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