Method for realizing purification and rejuvenation of peppers through isolated planting

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pepper planting, in particular to a method for achieving pepper purification and rejuvenation through isolated planting. The method comprises the following steps: collecting germplasm resources, selecting excellent single plants, planting the excellent single plants in a seed collecting field, and carrying out artificial pollination selfing under an isolation condition; a maternal line nursery is built through the steps of thinning, fertilizing, plant adjusting, impurity removing and the like after plant division planting; harvesting and selecting good maternal line seed plants with neat and consistent interlines, planting the selected good maternal line seed plants in a seed collecting field, and carrying out artificial pollination and purification under an isolation condition; fruit seeds are harvested as stock seeds according to the ripening condition of the chilies, and seed observation is carried out after production seeds are bred. According to the method, the seeds are sown under the isolation condition, the second layer of fruits and the third layer of fruits with strong character genetic advantages are selected as main selection and remaining seed peppers, the seed peppers are selected and remaining by adopting a method of firstly fixing blocks, then fixing plants and then fixing fruits, and the yield and quality of the seeds are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chili pepper cultivation technology, and more specifically, to a method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Chili peppers are annual herbaceous plants belonging to the genus Capsicum in the Solanaceae family. They have underdeveloped root systems and erect stems; their leaves are simple, alternate, and ovate. Chili peppers have high nutritional value among vegetables, containing large amounts of vitamin C and antioxidants, which can enhance the body's resistance.

[0003] Chili peppers are cross-pollinated crops, and natural hybridization between varieties, variants, or species is common. This leads to biological mixing. When there is no isolation or the isolation conditions are not strict, cross-pollinated crops are prone to biological mixing. In addition, the close kinship between different species, varieties, and variants of the same genus makes natural hybridization even more likely, especially for cross-pollinated and normally cross-pollinated crops. If they have already undergone mechanical mixing once, the heterozygotes will separate more severely, and the varietal degeneration will be more severe.

[0004] While maintaining the consistency of varietal traits as much as possible, in order to ensure the purity of the varieties, a system for original seed production and improved seed breeding is established. Combined with the elimination of impurities and inferior varieties, a method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated planting is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention aims to provide a method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect germplasm resources and select superior individual plants to be planted in the seed collection field, and carry out artificial pollination and self-pollination under isolation conditions; S2. Division and seed collection: After division and planting, a mother line nursery is established through steps such as thinning, fertilization, plant adjustment and weeding. S3. Select superior maternal line seedlings that are uniform and consistent between different lines within the lineage, transplant them to the seed collection field, and carry out artificial pollination and purification under isolation conditions; S4. Harvest the seeds of the chili peppers as the original seeds based on their maturity, and then conduct seed observation after propagating them for production.

[0007] As a further improvement to this technical solution, in S1, the seed field is a field within a 2km radius around the seed plot where no chili peppers are planted.

[0008] As a further improvement to this technical solution, in step S2, when the chili peppers have grown to 4 leaves and 1 heart, thinning is carried out in a timely manner, and 2-3 strong seedlings with consistent growth are selected for each hole.

[0009] As a further improvement to this technical solution, in step S2, after the first peppers have set, a special fertilizer for peppers is applied once in conjunction with irrigation. Before the rows close, another special fertilizer for peppers is applied once in conjunction with drip irrigation under the film. The amount of fertilizer applied each time ranges from 400-500 kg / hm². 2 .

[0010] As a further improvement to this technical solution, in S2, the specific operation of removing impurities is to promptly remove the axillary buds that occur between the leaves below the first pepper. If the axillary buds sprout lateral branches, they should be pinched off. Some old and diseased leaves should be removed in time. Plants with leaves, plant growth, or other characteristics that are different from those of this variety should be removed in time. Plants with fruits that are different from those of this variety after the peppers have set fruit should also be removed in time.

[0011] As a further improvement to this technical solution, in step S2, impurities are removed 3-4 times during the growth period according to the typical characteristics of the variety. As a further improvement to this technical solution, in step S3, during purification, the method of first determining the block, then the plant, and finally the fruit is adopted to select and retain the seed peppers.

[0012] As a further improvement to this technical solution, in step S4, the seeds are harvested in stages according to their maturity, with the first mature seeds being harvested first. They are then dried in the sun, threshed, and stored. The seeds harvested after 2-4 generations of this process are the original seeds.

[0013] As a further improvement to this technical solution, in step S4, when harvesting fruit seeds, the selection of seed peppers mainly focuses on the second and third layers of fruit.

[0014] As a further improvement to this technical solution, in step S4, during seed propagation, the first flower or fruit of the chili pepper is removed.

[0015] In this invention, the chili pepper variety to be cultivated is isolated from other solanaceous crops to establish a system for original seed production and improved seed breeding. Seed breeding begins from the seedling stage. Combined with the removal of impurities from the varieties, the seeds of superior chili pepper plants selected in the previous year are observed and identified under isolated conditions through mixed sowing and comparison with the original varieties in terms of traits and yield. The superior varieties are selected and the inferior varieties are eliminated to improve the purity of the varieties. Seed peppers with strong genetic advantages in the second and third layers of fruits are selected as the main seed peppers. The method of first determining the plots, then the plants, and finally the fruits is adopted for seed pepper selection to improve the quality of breeding, accelerate the purification speed, and improve the yield and quality of seeds.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this method of purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated planting, the seeds are sown under isolated conditions, and the second and third layers of fruits with strong genetic advantages are selected as the main seed peppers. The seed peppers are selected by first determining the plots, then the plants, and finally the fruits, thereby improving the yield and quality of the seeds.

[0017] 2. In this method of purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated planting, the removal of impurities can avoid interference from hybrid plants, diseased plants, deformed plants, and early-flowering plants on the cultivated varieties. Furthermore, by thinning out the first flower or fruit of the chili pepper, the seed peppers are encouraged to sprout and the upper part of the seed peppers can be fully developed, thereby improving the yield and quality of the seeds. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the purpose of this embodiment is to provide a method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation, including the following steps: S1. Collect germplasm resources and select superior single plants to be planted in the seed collection field. Artificial pollination and self-pollination are carried out under isolation conditions. Since peppers can be self-pollinated or cross-pollinated, self-pollination will not lead to a significant decrease in pepper traits. The cross-pollination rate of peppers through cross-pollination is 7.6%-36.8%. In order to avoid harvesting cross-pollinated fruits, the seed collection field is a field within 2km of the seed plot where no peppers are planted. S2. Seed collection by division: After division and planting, establish a mother plant nursery through thinning, fertilization, plant adjustment, and weeding. Thinning should be done promptly when the peppers reach the 4-leaf-1-heart stage, selecting 2-3 strong seedlings of uniform growth per hole. After the first pepper has set, apply a pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with watering. Before the canopy closes, apply another pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with drip irrigation under the mulch. The fertilizer application rate for each application is 400-500 kg / hm². 2 During the peak fruiting period, topdressing can be applied once with irrigation water, using 50 kg / hm² of urea, depending on the field growth. 2 Potassium sulfate 125 kg / hm 2 The first fruit to grow on a chili pepper plant is the first fruit to emerge. Fertilizer should be applied after the first fruit emerges. In addition, the specific operation of weeding and removing weeds is to remove the axillary buds that appear between the leaves below the first fruit in time. If the axillary buds sprout lateral branches, they can be pinched off. Some old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time. Plants with leaves, plant growth and other characteristics that are different from the characteristics of this variety should be removed in time. After the chili peppers have set fruit and formed, plants with fruits that are different from the characteristics of this variety should also be removed in time. During the growth period, weeding and removing weeds should be carried out 3-4 times according to the typical characteristics of the variety. Weeds, diseased plants, deformed plants and early flowering plants should be strictly removed. At the same time, it should be ensured that there are no other chili pepper varieties around the seed production site. By mixing and sowing under isolated conditions, observing and identifying the seeds of the superior chili pepper plants selected in the previous year, and comparing the characteristics and yields with the original variety, the superior varieties are selected and the inferior varieties are eliminated to improve the purity of the variety. S3. Harvest and select superior maternal line seedlings that are uniform and consistent between lines. Transplant them to the seed collection field and conduct artificial pollination and purification under isolation conditions. During purification, in order to improve the breeding quality and speed up the purification process, the following method is adopted for selecting and retaining seed peppers: first determine the planting plot, then the plant, and finally the fruit. First determine the planting plot by determining the planting plot based on the growth of pepper seedlings. Then determine the plant by selecting one strong seedling at the plant spacing and removing the other seedlings. Finally determine the fruit by selecting fruits with good growth, size, and shape and discarding the bad fruits. S4. Harvest the seeds of the peppers from September 15th to September 30th based on their maturity. These seeds will be used as the original seeds for propagation and production. Seed observation will be conducted afterward. The seeds will be harvested in stages according to their maturity, with the first mature seeds being harvested first. They will then be dried in the sun, threshed, and stored. The above steps will be repeated continuously for 2-4 generations. The seeds harvested after this process will be the original seeds. When harvesting the seeds, the second and third layers of peppers will be selected as the main sources of seeds, as the second and third layers of peppers have stronger genetic advantages. During propagation, the first flower or fruit of the pepper should be removed to promote seedling growth and ensure that the upper peppers develop fully, thereby improving seed yield and quality.

[0022] In this invention, the chili pepper variety to be cultivated is isolated from other solanaceous crops to establish a system for original seed production and improved seed breeding. Seed breeding begins from the seedling stage. Combined with the removal of impurities from the varieties, the seeds of superior chili pepper plants selected in the previous year are observed and identified under isolated conditions through mixed sowing and comparison with the original varieties in terms of traits and yield. The superior varieties are selected and the inferior varieties are eliminated to improve the purity of the varieties. Seed peppers with strong genetic advantages in the second and third layers of fruits are selected as the main seed peppers. The method of first determining the plots, then the plants, and finally the fruits is adopted for seed pepper selection to improve the quality of breeding, accelerate the purification speed, and improve the yield and quality of seeds.

[0023] Based on the differences in process parameters, the following specific embodiments will further illustrate the method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated planting provided by the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: S1. Collect germplasm resources and select superior single plants to be planted in seed collection fields. Artificial pollination and self-pollination are carried out under isolation conditions. Seed collection fields are fields within 2km of the seed plots where no chili peppers are planted. S2. Seed collection by division: After division and planting, establish a mother plant nursery through thinning, fertilization, plant adjustment, and weeding. Thinning should be done promptly when the peppers reach the 4-leaf-1-heart stage, selecting two strong seedlings of uniform growth per hole. After the first pepper has set, apply a pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with watering. Before the canopy closes, apply another pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with drip irrigation under the mulch. The fertilizer application rate is 500 kg / hm² each time. 2 In addition, the specific operation of removing impurities is to remove the axillary buds that occur between the leaves below the first pepper in time. If the axillary buds sprout lateral branches, pinch them off. Remove some old leaves and diseased leaves in time. Plants with leaves, plant growth and other characteristics that are different from the characteristics of this variety should be removed in time. Plants with fruits that are different from the characteristics of this variety after the peppers have set fruit should also be removed in time. During the growth period, remove impurities three times according to the typical characteristics of the variety. S3. Select superior maternal line plants that are uniform and consistent between lines within and between lines, transplant them to the seed collection field, and carry out artificial pollination and purification under isolation conditions. During purification, the method of first selecting plots, then plants, and then fruits is adopted to select and retain seed peppers. S4. Harvest the seeds of the fruits according to the maturity of the peppers as the original seeds, and observe the seeds after propagation for production. The seeds are harvested in stages according to the maturity of the peppers, and the mature ones are harvested first. They are then dried in the hot sun, threshed and stored. Repeat the above steps continuously and select the seeds after 2-4 generations as the original seeds. When harvesting the fruits and seeds, the second and third layers of peppers are mainly selected for seed peppers. When propagating the seeds, the first flower or fruit of the pepper is removed.

[0025] Example 2: S1. Collect germplasm resources and select superior single plants to be planted in seed collection fields. Artificial pollination and self-pollination are carried out under isolation conditions. Seed collection fields are fields within 2km of the seed plots where no chili peppers are planted. S2. Seed collection by division: After division and planting, a mother plant nursery is established through thinning, fertilization, plant adjustment, and weeding. Thinning is carried out promptly when the peppers reach the 4-leaf-1-heart stage, selecting two strong seedlings of uniform growth per hole. After the first pepper has set, apply a pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with watering. Before the canopy closes, apply another pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with drip irrigation under the mulch. The fertilizer application rate is 450 kg / hm² each time. 2 In addition, the specific operation of removing impurities is to remove the axillary buds that occur between the leaves below the first pepper in time. If the axillary buds sprout lateral branches, pinch them off. Remove some old leaves and diseased leaves in time. Plants with leaves, plant growth and other characteristics that are different from the characteristics of this variety should be removed in time. Plants with fruits that are different from the characteristics of this variety after the peppers have set fruit should also be removed in time. During the growth period, remove impurities 4 times according to the typical characteristics of the variety. S3. Select superior maternal line plants that are uniform and consistent between lines within and between lines, transplant them to the seed collection field, and carry out artificial pollination and purification under isolation conditions. During purification, the method of first selecting plots, then plants, and then fruits is adopted to select and retain seed peppers. S4. Harvest the seeds of the fruits according to the maturity of the peppers as the original seeds, and observe the seeds after propagation for production. The seeds are harvested in stages according to the maturity of the peppers, and the mature ones are harvested first. They are then dried in the hot sun, threshed and stored. Repeat the above steps continuously and select the seeds after 3 generations. The seeds harvested are the original seeds. When harvesting the fruits and seeds, the second and third layers of peppers are mainly selected for seed peppers. When propagating the seeds, the first flower or fruit of the pepper is removed.

[0026] Example 3 S1. Collect germplasm resources and select superior single plants to be planted in seed collection fields. Artificial pollination and self-pollination are carried out under isolation conditions. Seed collection fields are fields within 2km of the seed plots where no chili peppers are planted. S2. Seed collection by division: After division and planting, a mother plant nursery is established through thinning, fertilization, plant adjustment, and weeding. Thinning is carried out promptly when the peppers reach the 4-leaf-1-heart stage, selecting 3 strong, uniformly growing seedlings per hole. After the first pepper has set, apply a pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with watering. Before the canopy closes, apply another pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with drip irrigation under the mulch. The fertilizer application rate is 400 kg / hm² each time. 2In addition, the specific operation of removing impurities is to remove the axillary buds that occur between the leaves below the first pepper in time. If the axillary buds sprout lateral branches, pinch them off. Remove some old leaves and diseased leaves in time. Plants with leaves, plant growth and other characteristics that are different from the characteristics of this variety should be removed in time. Plants with fruits that are different from the characteristics of this variety after the peppers have set fruit should also be removed in time. During the growth period, remove impurities 4 times according to the typical characteristics of the variety. S3. Select superior maternal line plants that are uniform and consistent between lines within and between lines, transplant them to the seed collection field, and carry out artificial pollination and purification under isolation conditions. During purification, the method of first selecting plots, then plants, and then fruits is adopted to select and retain seed peppers. S4. Harvest the seeds of the fruits according to the maturity of the peppers as the original seeds, and observe the seeds after propagation for production. The seeds are harvested in stages according to the maturity of the peppers, and the mature ones are harvested first. They are then dried in the hot sun, threshed and stored. Repeat the above steps continuously and select the seeds after two generations. The seeds harvested are the original seeds. When harvesting the fruits and seeds, the second and third layers of peppers are mainly selected for seed peppers. When propagating the seeds, the first flower or fruit of the pepper is removed.

[0027] Table 1. Comparison of parameters in Examples 1-3; Comparative Example 1: This comparative example uses the method of Example 1, with the number of seedlings selected per hole set to 1, and the rest remaining unchanged. The specific steps are similar to those of Example 1, and will not be repeated in this comparative example.

[0028] Comparative Example 2: This comparative example uses the method of Example 2, setting the fertilizer application rate to 600 kg / hm². 2 The rest remains unchanged, and the specific steps are similar to those in Example 2. This comparative example will not be repeated here.

[0029] Comparative Example 3: This comparative example uses the method of Example 3, with the number of impurity removal cycles set to 2, and the rest remaining unchanged. The specific steps are similar to those of Example 3, and will not be repeated here.

[0030] Comparative Example 4: This comparative example uses the method of Example 2, setting the number of repetitions to 1 generation, while keeping the rest unchanged. The specific steps are similar to those of Example 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0031] Table 2 Comparison of parameters in Comparative Examples 1-4; Experimental example: Chili varieties were cultivated according to the method of purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated planting provided in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, respectively. The obtained chili pepper seeds were sown, and the plant type (plant height, spread, and main stem height), fruit (fruit length, transverse diameter, flesh thickness, and fruit weight) and yield data of mature chili peppers were detected and entered into Table 3.

[0032] Table 3 Comparison of mature chili peppers in the examples and comparative examples; Table 3 shows that, compared with Comparative Examples 1-4, the chili peppers cultivated in Examples 1-3 had higher plant height, spreading, main stem height, fruit length, transverse diameter, flesh thickness, fruit weight, and yield than those cultivated in the Comparative Examples. Furthermore, the chili peppers cultivated in Examples all had plant heights greater than 70.0 cm, spreading greater than 44.20 cm × 46.00 cm, main stem height greater than 22.3 cm, fruit length greater than 12.0 cm, transverse diameter greater than 2.20 cm, flesh thickness greater than 0.25 cm, and fruit weight greater than 20.0 g, with yields all exceeding 2004 kg / 667 m². 2 However, the plant height, spread, main stem height, fruit length, transverse diameter, flesh thickness, fruit weight, and yield of chili peppers cultivated using different process parameters were all reduced. Therefore, the method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated planting provided by this invention can cultivate chili pepper varieties with better quality and higher yield.

[0033] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect germplasm resources and select superior individual plants to be planted in the seed collection field, and carry out artificial pollination and self-pollination under isolation conditions; S2. Division and seed collection: After division and planting, a mother line nursery is established through steps such as thinning, fertilization, plant adjustment and weeding. S3. Select superior maternal line seedlings that are uniform and consistent between different lines within the lineage, transplant them to the seed collection field, and carry out artificial pollination and purification under isolation conditions; S4. Harvest the seeds of the chili peppers as the original seeds based on their maturity, and then conduct seed observation after propagating them for production.

2. The method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the seed field is a field within a 2km radius of the seed plot where no chili peppers are grown.

3. The method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, when the chili peppers have grown to 4 leaves and 1 heart, thinning should be carried out in a timely manner, and 2-3 strong seedlings with uniform growth should be selected for each hole.

4. The method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, after the first peppers have set, apply a pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with irrigation. Before the rows close, apply another pepper-specific fertigation fertilizer along with drip irrigation under the mulch. The amount of fertilizer applied each time ranges from 400-500 kg / hm². 2 .

5. The method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the specific operation of removing impurities is to promptly remove the axillary buds that occur between the leaves below the first pepper. If the axillary buds sprout lateral branches, pinch them off. Remove old and diseased leaves in a timely manner. Plants with leaves, plant growth, or other characteristics that are different from those of this variety should be removed in a timely manner. Plants with fruits that are different from those of this variety after the peppers have set fruit should also be removed in a timely manner.

6. The method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S2, impurities are removed 3-4 times during the growth period based on the typical characteristics of the variety.

7. The method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, during purification, the method of first determining the block, then the plant, and finally the fruit is adopted to select and retain the pepper seeds.

8. The method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the seeds are harvested in stages according to their maturity. The first mature seeds are harvested first, then dried in the sun, threshed and stored. The above steps are repeated continuously, and the seeds harvested after 2-4 generations are the original seeds.

9. The method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, when harvesting fruit seeds, the selection of seed peppers mainly focuses on the second and third layers of fruit.

10. The method for purifying and rejuvenating chili peppers through isolated planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, during propagation, the first flower or fruit of the chili pepper is removed.

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