Imaging system phantom

Abstract

A retention system for calibrating a phantom of an imaging system, the retention system comprising: at least one rod holder, where the at least one rod holder comprises at least one opening, where the at least one opening is configured to secure at least one rod of the phantom in the retention system; and a fastener, wherein the fastener is configured to secure the at least one rod holder to the body of the phantom.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to phantoms, and more specifically to phantoms for calibrating photon counting computed tomography (CT) scanners. Background Technology

[0002] In a computed tomography (CT) imaging system, an electron beam generated by a cathode is directed at a target within an X-ray tube. A fan-shaped or cone-shaped X-ray beam, produced by electrons colliding with the target, is directed at the subject, such as a patient. After being attenuated by the object, the X-rays strike an array of X-ray detectors, thus generating an image. An example of a CT system is photon-counting CT (PCCT), where the X-ray detectors are photon-counting detectors, and photons are counted to provide spectral information. A calibration process can be periodically performed on a PCCT system to obtain projection data of materials simulating varying densities of human tissue. The calibration process may include performing CT imaging procedures on an object called a phantom. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In one example, a phantom holding system for calibrating an imaging system includes: at least one rod retainer, wherein the at least one rod retainer includes at least one opening, wherein the at least one opening is configured to secure at least one rod of the phantom in the holding system; and a fastener, wherein the fastener is configured to secure the at least one rod retainer to the body of the phantom.

[0004] The above-described advantages, as well as other advantages and features, will become apparent from the following detailed description, either alone or in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the above summary is provided to present a simplified version of a series of concepts further described in the detailed description. This is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is uniquely defined by the claims following the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to specific implementations that address any shortcomings pointed out above or in any part of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0005] Various aspects of this disclosure can be better understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0006] Figure 1 A drawing view of a computed tomography (CT) imaging system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0007] Figure 2 A schematic block diagram of an example CT imaging system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0008] Figure 3A side view of an example phantom including a rod retaining system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0009] Figure 4 An embodiment according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 3 The front view of the example model.

[0010] Figure 5 An embodiment according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 3 Front view of the retainer of the rod retaining system of the phantom.

[0011] Figure 6 An embodiment according to this disclosure is shown. Figure 3 A perspective view of the portion of the phantom configured as a receiving retainer.

[0012] Figure 7 A retainer for a rod coupled to a phantom is shown according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of a phantom including an end plate configured as a retaining rod according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 9 A perspective view of a phantom including another rod holding system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 10 It is a combination of one or more embodiments of this disclosure used to... Figure 9 The example rod retaining system is attached to the ring of the phantom body using the example opening in the first view.

[0016] Figure 11 It is based on one or more embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 10 Used to Figure 9 The second view shows the rod holding system attached to the opening of the phantom body.

[0017] Figure 12 It shows Figure 9 The first side view of the phantom.

[0018] Figure 13 It shows Figure 9 The second side view of the phantom.

[0019] Figure 14 yes Figure 9 The front view of the phantom.

[0020] Figure 15 It shows Figure 9 The rear view of the phantom.

[0021] Figure 16A perspective view of the rod retaining system is shown.

[0022] Figure 17 A perspective view of an example rod retaining system is shown.

[0023] Figure 18 A perspective view of a rod holding system for a phantom according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 19 A perspective view of a rod holding system for a phantom according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 20 A perspective view of a rod holding system for a phantom according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 21 A perspective view of a rod holding system for a phantom according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 22 A perspective view of a rod holding system for a phantom according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 23 A perspective view of a rod holding system for a phantom according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 24 A perspective view of a rod holding system for a phantom according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 25 A perspective view is shown of an embodiment of an iodine rod configured for use in one or more phantoms of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 26 A perspective view of another embodiment of an iodine rod including a rod retainer configured for use in one or more phantoms of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0032] This specification and embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to phantoms for calibration scans of imaging systems such as photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) systems. Imaging systems such as PCCT systems may require periodic calibration scans, such as daily or weekly, to compensate for any gain drift caused by hardware changes such as X-ray focal spot position or detector radiation reduction. Furthermore, PCCT systems acquire spectral information that can generate basic material decomposition (BMD) images. Calibrating a PCCT system may require scanning different solutions. Scanning these different solutions can be difficult and increase system costs.

[0033] Therefore, this document discloses embodiments of phantoms for calibrating imaging systems such as PCCT systems, dual-energy CT (DECT) systems, or other CT systems. The phantoms disclosed herein may include a main portion of the phantom (e.g., a phantom body) and one or more rods, each containing an iodide solution. The rods may be held or attached to the phantom body via a holding system. In one example, the phantom body is a water phantom. The holding system may include holding features shaped onto auxiliary features configured to dock with features of the water phantom. Additionally or alternatively, the holding system may include fastening devices configured to couple to the exterior of the phantom body. The material within the rods may include a single element or a mixture of fluids comprising multiple different elements, such as iodine or calcium. The material within the rods coupled to the exterior of the phantom body may differ from the material held within the phantom body.

[0034] The surface of the phantom or phantom body of this disclosure may include raised grooves or other features for receiving and retaining systems. Additionally or alternatively, the phantom may include end plates having one or more eyelets extending radially outward therefrom. The eyelets of the end plates may be aligned along the longitudinal axis of the phantom such that a rod can be retained by the eyelets. Example end plates may be attached to or integrally formed with the phantom body.

[0035] In another example, the retention system can be configured as a modification component, making it suitable for coupling to a pre-existing phantom configuration. The retention system can be configured to couple to the exterior of the phantom or phantom body. The retention system may incorporate flexible materials that simplify the coupling of the retention system and the iodide rod to the phantom body. Implementations of different retention systems are described in more detail below.

[0036] Figure 1 An exemplary PCCT system 100 (also referred to as a photon-counting X-ray imaging system) configured for CT imaging using a photon-counting detector is illustrated. Specifically, the PCCT system 100 is configured to image a subject 112 (such as a patient, inanimate object, one or more manufactured parts) and / or foreign objects (such as dental implants, stents, and / or contrast agents present in the body). The PCCT system 100 includes a gantry 102, which may further include at least one X-ray source 104 configured to project an X-ray radiation beam 106 (see [link to documentation]). Figure 2 An X-ray source 104 is configured to project an X-ray radiation beam 106 toward a detector array 108 positioned on the opposite side of the gantry 102, for imaging the subject 112 lying on the examination table 114. Specifically, the X-ray source 104 is configured to project an X-ray radiation beam 106 toward a detector array 108 positioned on the opposite side of the gantry 102. Although Figure 1A single X-ray source 104 is depicted, but in some embodiments, multiple X-ray sources and detectors may be employed to project multiple X-ray radiation beams for acquiring projection data at the same or different energy levels corresponding to the patient. In some embodiments, the X-ray source 104 can achieve dual-spectrum imaging via rapid peak kilovolt (kVp) voltage switching. In the embodiments described herein, the X-ray detector employed is a photon counting detector capable of distinguishing X-ray photons of different energies.

[0037] In some embodiments, the PCCT system 100 also includes an image processor unit 110 configured to reconstruct an image of the target volume of the subject 112 using iterative or analytical image reconstruction methods. For example, the image processor unit 110 may use analytical image reconstruction methods such as filtered back projection (FBP) to reconstruct an image of the patient's target volume. Alternatively, the image processor unit 110 may use iterative image reconstruction methods such as Advanced Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR), Conjugate Gradient (CG), Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM), Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR), etc., to reconstruct an image of the target volume of the subject 112. In some examples, in addition to iterative image reconstruction methods, the image processor unit 110 may also use analytical image reconstruction methods, such as FBP.

[0038] In some CT imaging system configurations, an X-ray source projects a cone-shaped X-ray beam, defined relative to the XYZ Cartesian coordinate system, often referred to as the "imaging volume." The X-ray beam passes through the object being imaged, such as a patient or subject. After being attenuated by the object, the X-ray beam strikes an array of detector elements. The intensity of the attenuated X-ray beam received at the detector array depends on the attenuation of the X-ray beam by the object. Each detector element in the array generates a separate electrical signal, which is a measurement of the X-ray beam attenuation at the detector location. Attenuation measurements from all detector elements are acquired individually to produce the transmission distribution.

[0039] In some CT systems, a gantry rotates the X-ray source and detector array around the object being imaged within the imaging volume, causing the angle at which the X-ray beam intersects the object to continuously change. A set of X-ray radiation attenuation measurements (e.g., projection data) from the detector array at a given gantry angle is called a "view." A "scan" of the object comprises a set of views taken at different gantry angles or viewing angles during one rotation of the X-ray source and detector.

[0040] Figure 2 Examples similar to Figure 1An exemplary imaging system 200 of a PCCT system 100. According to various aspects of this disclosure, the imaging system 200 is configured to image a subject 204 (e.g., ...). Figure 1 The subject 112 is imaged. During certain scans, the subject may be a phantom. The phantom may be an object configured to be scanned by the PCCT system as part of its calibration process. In one embodiment, the imaging system 200 includes a detector array 108 (see [link to image]). Figure 1 The detector array 108 also includes a plurality of detector elements 202 that together sense an X-ray radiation beam 106 passing through the subject 204 (such as a patient) to acquire corresponding projection data (see [link]). Figure 2 In some embodiments, the detector array 108 may be fabricated as a multi-layered configuration comprising multiple rows of units or detector elements 202, wherein one or more additional rows of detector elements 202 are arranged in a parallel configuration for acquiring projection data. Detector elements 202 may also be referred to as pixels or detector pixels.

[0041] In some embodiments, the imaging system 200 is configured to traverse different angular positions around the subject 204 to acquire desired projection data. Therefore, the gantry 102 and the components mounted thereon may be configured to rotate about a center of rotation 206 to acquire projection data, for example, at different energy levels. Alternatively, in embodiments where the projection angle relative to the subject 204 varies over time, the mounted components may be configured to move along a generally curved path rather than along a circumference.

[0042] Therefore, as the X-ray source 104 and detector array 108 rotate, detector array 108 collects data of the attenuated X-ray beam. The data collected by detector array 108 then undergoes preprocessing and calibration to adjust the data to represent the line integral of the attenuation coefficient of the scanned subject 204. The processed data is typically referred to as a projection. In some examples, individual detectors or detector elements 202 in detector array 108 may include photon counting detectors that record interactions of individual photons into one or more energy bins.

[0043] The acquired projection dataset can be used for Base Material Decomposition (BMD). During BMD, the measured projections are converted into a set of material density projections. The material density projections can be reconstructed to form a set of material density maps or images for each corresponding base material (such as bone, soft tissue, and / or contrast agent maps). The density maps or images can then be correlated to form a 3D volumetric image of the base material (e.g., bone, soft tissue, and / or contrast agent) in the imaging volume.

[0044] Once reconstructed, the base material image generated by imaging system 200 reveals the internal features of subject 204 represented by the densities of the two base materials. Density images can be displayed to illustrate these features. In traditional methods of diagnosing medical conditions (such as disease states), and more generally, medical events, radiologists or physicians will consider a hard copy or display of the density image to identify features of interest. Such features may include lesions, size, and shape of specific anatomical structures or organs, as well as other features that should be identifiable in the image based on the individual practitioner's skill and knowledge.

[0045] In one embodiment, the imaging system 200 includes a control mechanism 208 to control the movement of components, such as the rotation of the gantry 102 and the operation of the X-ray source 104. In some embodiments, the control mechanism 208 further includes an X-ray controller 210 configured to provide power and timing signals to the X-ray source 104. Additionally, the control mechanism 208 includes a gantry motor controller 212 configured to control the rotational speed and / or position of the gantry 102 based on imaging requirements.

[0046] In some embodiments, control unit 208 further includes a data acquisition system (DAS) 214 configured to sample analog data received from detector element 202 and convert the analog data into digital signals for subsequent processing. DAS 214 may be further configured to selectively aggregate a subset of data from detector element 202 into a so-called macro detector. Data sampled and digitized by DAS 214 is transmitted via collector loop 213 to a computer or computing device 216. In one example, computing device 216 stores the data in a storage device or mass storage device 218. Storage device 218 may be, for example, any type of nontransitory memory and may include hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, optical disc read / write (CD-R / W) drives, digital versatile disc (DVD) drives, flash memory drives, and / or solid-state storage drives.

[0047] Additionally, computing device 216 provides commands and parameters to one or more of the DAS 214, X-ray controller 210, and rack motor controller 212 for system operation, such as data acquisition and / or processing. In some embodiments, computing device 216 controls system operation based on operator input. Computing device 216 receives operator input, such as commands and / or scan parameters, via an operator console 220 operatively coupled to computing device 216. Operator console 220 may include a keyboard (not shown) or a touchscreen to allow the operator to specify commands and / or scan parameters.

[0048] Although Figure 2An operator console 220 is illustrated, but more than one operator console may be coupled to the imaging system 200, for example, to input or output system parameters, request checks, plot data, and / or view images. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the imaging system 200 may be connected via one or more configurable wired and / or wireless networks (such as the Internet and / or VPNs, wireless telephone networks, wireless LANs, wired LANs, wireless WANs, wired WANs, etc.) to multiple displays, printers, workstations, and / or similar devices, located locally or remotely, either within an institution or hospital or in entirely different locations.

[0049] In one implementation, for example, the imaging system 200 includes or is coupled to a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) 224. In an exemplary specific implementation, the PACS 224 is further coupled to a remote system (such as a radiology information system, a hospital information system) and / or coupled to an internal or external network (not shown) to allow operators in different locations to supply commands and parameters and / or obtain access to image data.

[0050] The computing device 216 operates the inspection table motor controller 226 using operator-provided and / or system-defined commands and parameters. This inspection table motor controller, in turn, controls the inspection table 114, which may be an electric inspection table. Specifically, the inspection table motor controller 226 can move the inspection table 114 to properly position the subject 204 within the rack 102 to acquire projection data corresponding to the target volume of the subject 204.

[0051] As previously described, the DAS214 samples and digitizes the projection data acquired by detector element 202. Subsequently, the image reconstructor 230 uses the sampled and digitized X-ray data to perform high-speed reconstruction. Although Figure 2 Image reconstructor 230 is illustrated as a separate entity, but in some embodiments, image reconstructor 230 may be part of computing device 216. Alternatively, image reconstructor 230 may not be present in imaging system 200, and alternatively, computing device 216 may perform one or more functions of image reconstructor 230. Furthermore, image reconstructor 230 may be located locally or remotely and may be operatively connected to imaging system 200 using wired or wireless networks. Specifically, one exemplary embodiment may use computing resources in a "cloud" network cluster for image reconstructor 230.

[0052] In one embodiment, image reconstructor 230 stores reconstructed images in storage device 218. Alternatively, image reconstructor 230 may send the reconstructed images to computing device 216 to generate usable patient information for diagnosis and evaluation. In some embodiments, computing device 216 may send reconstructed images and / or patient information to a display or display device 232 communicatively coupled to computing device 216 and / or image reconstructor 230. In some embodiments, reconstructed images may be sent from computing device 216 or image reconstructor 230 to storage device 218 for short-term or long-term storage.

[0053] Information can be transmitted via a slip ring 213 between components residing in rack 102 and external devices such as computing device 216 and / or image reconstructor 230, the slip ring facilitating electronic communication across the rotating rack. In some examples, the rack and internal components (e.g., control mechanism 208, X-ray source 104, detector array 108) may be collectively defined as a PCCT scanner, and thus the computing device 216 and image reconstructor 230 may reside outside the scanner.

[0054] Now go to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 These illustrate a first embodiment of a phantom 300 including an example rod holding system 301. The phantom 300 may also include a body 304 made of a first material 302, which may be accommodated within the body 304. Figure 3 The side view shows a first rod retainer 312 and a second rod retainer 314 of the rod retaining system 301. A rod 316 extends from the first rod retainer 312 to the second rod retainer 314. The rod 316 extends along the outer surface of the body 304 parallel to the central axis or longitudinal axis of the body.

[0055] The first rod holder 312 and the second rod holder 314 may be identical in shape and size. The first rod holder 312 may be coupled to the outer surface of the body 304 at a first end of the mold 300. The second rod holder 314 may be coupled to the outer surface of the body 304 at a second end of the mold 300 opposite to the first end. A rod 316 may extend from the first rod holder 312 to the second rod holder 314 along the length of the body 304. In one example, the rod 316 extends for the entire length of the body 304.

[0056] In the example illustrated herein, the body 304 of the phantom may be visible in areas where the first rod holder 312 and the second rod holder 314 are not coupled to the body. In this way, the first rod holder 312 and the second rod holder 314 may cover the body 304 only in areas near the ends. In other examples, the phantom, including the body, may be covered with a protective material to prevent damage to the phantom, for example, when a technician handles it.

[0057] Figure 4 The figure shows a front view of the phantom 300. As illustrated, the first rod holder 312 may include at least one surface corresponding to the shape of the body 304. That is, in an example where the body 304 is cylindrical, the surface of the rod holder 312 that contacts the body 304 may include a curved shape matching the curvature of the body 304. As described above, the second rod holder 314 is substantially similar to the first rod holder 312. Therefore, the first rod holder 312 and the second rod holder 314 are flush with the outer surface of the body 304. In some examples, the shape of each corresponding rod holder 312, 314 may be modified based on the difference in the position of the body to which the first rod holder 312 or the second rod holder 314 is coupled, such that each rod holder 312, 314 includes at least one surface that contacts the body and corresponds to the shape of the body.

[0058] The first rod holder 312 may include an opening 318. The opening 318 may include a circular cross-sectional shape. In other examples, the opening may have another shape, including but not limited to elliptical, semi-circular, square, rectangular, or may have a combination of curved and flat surfaces corresponding to the surface of the rod. A rod 316 may be inserted through the opening 318. In one example, the opening 318 may be adjacent to the body 304. In this way, the rod 316 may be close to the body 304. In one example, the rod 316 may touch the surface of the body 304 when positioned in the opening 318. In one example, the opening 318 may form an eyelet in the first rod holder 312, wherein the eyelet is configured to receive and hold the rod 316. In one example, the body 304 may include a first material 302, and the rod 316 may include a second material, wherein the second material is different from the first material. In one example, the first material is non-iodinated, and the second material is iodinated. Therefore, the first material may not include iodine, and the second material may include iodine.

[0059] Figure 5A front view of a first rod retainer 312 is shown. The first rod retainer 312 may include a protrusion 320 extending from an opening 318. The protrusion serves as a fastener to attach the example first rod retainer 312 to the body 304 of the model 300 (i.e., in conjunction with the notch 322 described in more detail below). The example protrusion 320 may include a circular shape. In some examples, additionally or alternatively, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, the protrusion 320 may include other shapes, such as square, star, trapezoidal, or other shapes.

[0060] Figure 6 A detailed partial view of the body 304 at a location where the first rod holder 312 can be coupled to the body 304 is shown. The body 304 may include a notch 322. The notch 322 may include a circular shape complementary to the protrusion 320 of the first rod holder 312. Alternatively, the notch 322 may be shaped to correspond to any other shape corresponding to the protrusion 320. The protrusion 320 is slidable into the notch 322 such that the first rod holder 312 is coupled to the body 304.

[0061] The length of the notch 322 may be based on the length of the protrusion 320 of the first rod retainer 312. In one example, the length of the notch 322 is equal to the length of the protrusion 320, such that the first rod retainer 312 is flush with the leading edge of the first end of the mold 300. Alternatively, the length of the notch 322 corresponds to the length of the body 304 of the mold 300, such that the first rod retainer 312 and the second rod retainer 314 may be coupled to the notch at opposite ends of the body to achieve alignment of the first rod retainer 312 and the second rod retainer 314. Additionally, the notch 322 may provide a fixed position for the first rod retainer 312 to orient the first rod retainer 312 in a desired location. The protrusion 320 may be inserted into the notch 322. The protrusion 320 may interlock with the notch 322 and hold the first rod retainer 312. In some examples, the body 304 of the phantom may include a plurality of recesses 322, each of which may be coupled to a protrusion of a rod retainer such as a first rod retainer 312 and / or a second rod retainer 314, such that a plurality of rods 316 may be attached to the body 304 of the phantom 300.

[0062] exist Figures 3 to 6 In the illustrated examples, the first rod retainer 312 and the second rod retainer 314 are configured to retain a rod, such as rod 316. In some examples, additionally or alternatively, the first rod retainer 312 and the second rod retainer 314 may be configured to retain more than one rod. For example, Figure 7An example rod retainer 702 coupled to the body 704 of the phantom 700 is shown. The rod retainer 702 is shown having three openings 706, 708, 710 and coupled to three rods including a first rod 714, a second rod 716, and a third rod 718. Each rod 714, 716, 718 is positioned through one of the openings 706, 708, 710. A second rod retainer identical to the rod retainer 702 may also be coupled to the body 704 and the three rods 714, 716, 718. The rod retainer 702 may include one or more protrusions, similar to the protrusion 320 of the first rod retainer 312. The body 704 may include one or more recesses equal in number to the one or more protrusions of the rod retainer 702 and configured to receive one or more protrusions of the rod retainer. In one example, the rod retainer 702 may include only one protrusion, such that the body 704 may be identical to the body 304. By doing so, Figures 3 to 5 The rod retainers 312 and 314 depicted in the text and Figure 7 The rod retainer 702 depicted can be interchangeable without requiring modifications to the phantom body 304 and 704.

[0063] In any embodiment of the rod retainer described herein, the retained rod may comprise an iodinated material. The body of the phantom in any embodiment described herein may comprise a non-iodinated material. A phantom comprising each of an iodinated and a non-iodinated material may be used to calibrate an imaging device.

[0064] Turn now Figure 8 The diagram depicts another example phantom 800 including the example rod holding system 801. The phantom 800 may include a body 802. In some examples, the body 802 may include a cylindrical shape. The body 802 may be hollow, thus forming an internal volume of a cylinder capable of accommodating material. In one example, the material may be water. In another example, the material in the body 802 may be a different non-iodinated material.

[0065] A shaft system 899 is shown, comprising three axes: an x-axis, a y-axis orthogonal to the x-axis, and a z-axis orthogonal to both the x-axis and y-axis. The z-axis is parallel to the longitudinal length and central axis of the phantom 800. The xy-plane is parallel to the radial direction of the phantom 800.

[0066] The holding system 801 may include a first end plate 812 and a second end plate 814 coupled to a body 802 of the phantom 800. The first end plate 812 and the second end plate 814 may be arranged at opposite ends of the body 802. The first end plate 812 may include a substantially circular shape. A plurality of fasteners 816 may physically couple the first end plate 812 to the body 802. In some examples, the first end plate 812 and the second end plate 814 may be integrally formed with the body 802. The first end plate 812 may also include a protrusion 818. The protrusion 818 may be arranged relative to the plurality of fasteners 816 such that the plurality of fasteners 816 are located between the protrusion 818 and the circumference of the first end plate 812. However, any other location of the fasteners may be used. Example: The protrusion 818 may facilitate attachment of the phantom 800 to an imaging apparatus table or to an inspection table accessory, thereby allowing scanning of the phantom for calibration of the imaging apparatus. Therefore, the protrusion 818 may include a recess 819 in which components of the inspection table may be positioned to attach the mold 800 to the inspection table or an inspection table accessory.

[0067] In some examples, the second end plate 84 may be similar in size and shape to the first end plate 812. That is, the second end plate 814 may include features of the first end plate 812. Therefore, the second end plate 814 may include protrusions 818. The second end plate 814 may also include a plurality of fasteners that physically couple the second end plate 814 to the body 802. Additionally or alternatively, the second end plate 814 may not include protrusions, such that the phantom 800 can only be carried via protrusions 818.

[0068] The first end plate 812 and the second end plate 814 may further include a plurality of tabs integrally arranged therewith. The first end plate 812 may include a first tab 822, a second tab 824, and a third tab 826. Each of the first tab 822, the second tab 824, and the third tab 826 may be identical in shape and size. The first tab 822, the second tab 824, and the third tab 826 may extend from the circumference of the first end plate 812. In one example, the first tab 822, the second tab 824, and the third tab 826 may be spaced apart along the lower half of the first end plate 812. In one example, the arc distance between the first tab 822 and the second tab 824 is equal to the arc distance between the second tab 824 and the third tab 826. The arc distance between the first tab 822 and the third tab 826 may be twice the arc distance between the first tab 822 and the second tab 824.

[0069] The second end plate 814 may include a first tab 832 and a second tab 834. The second end plate 814 may also include a third tab, which is due to the body 802... Figure 8The first protrusion 832 is alignable with the first protrusion 822 along the z-axis. The second protrusion 834 is alignable with the second protrusion 824 along the z-axis. The third protrusion is alignable with the third protrusion 826 along the z-axis. The arc distance between the first protrusion 832 and the second protrusion 834 is equal to the arc distance between the first protrusion 822 and the second protrusion 824. The second protrusion 834 and the third protrusion (e.g., in...) Figure 8 The arc distance between the obscured parts can be equal to the arc distance between the second protrusion 824 and the third protrusion 826.

[0070] Each of the plurality of tabs in the first end plate 812 and the second end plate 814 may include a corresponding opening. That is, the first end plate 812 includes a first set of openings, and the second end plate 814 includes a second set of openings. The second set of openings corresponds to the first set of openings. An example opening is configured to receive a rod. Although each of the illustrated examples of the first end plate 812 and the second end plate 814 includes three tabs and corresponding openings, any number of tabs and corresponding openings may be used. For example, the first tab 822 of the first end plate 812 may include a first opening 823. The second tab 824 of the first end plate 812 may include a second opening 825. The third tab 826 of the first end plate 812 may include a third opening 827. The first tab 832 of the second end plate 814 may include a first opening 833. The second tab 834 of the second end plate 814 may include a second opening 835. The third tab of the second end plate 814 may include a third opening (not shown). The first opening 823 is aligned with the first opening 833. A rod can extend from the first opening 823 to the first opening 833, such that the first tabs 822 and 832 can hold the rod near the phantom 800. Similarly, the second opening 825 is aligned with the second opening 835, such that an additional rod can extend from the second opening 825 to the second opening 835, such that the second tabs 824 and 834 can hold another rod together with the phantom 800. Similarly, a third rod can extend from the third opening 827 of the first end plate 812 to the third opening of the second end plate 814.

[0071] The protrusion 818 can be positioned in a region above the centerline of the first end plate 812. In one example, the centerline bisects the first tab 822 and the third tab 826. Therefore, the protrusion 818 is closer to the outer circumference of the first end plate 812 than to the second tab 824.

[0072] Figure 9An alternative example embodiment of a phantom 900 is depicted, which includes a rod holding system 901 for use with the example phantom body and rods described herein. An axis system 999 is shown, comprising three axes: an x-axis, a y-axis orthogonal to the x-axis, and a z-axis orthogonal to each of the x-axis and y-axis. The z-axis may be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the phantom 900. The xy-plane may be parallel to the radial direction of the body. Figures 12 to 26 The shaft system 999 is also shown in the diagram.

[0073] The phantom 900 is shown as a first rod retainer 910 and a second rod retainer 911 coupled to a rod retaining system. The first rod retainer 910 and the second rod retainer 911 may be similar in shape and size to each other. In the illustrated example, the first rod retainer 910 and the second rod retainer 911 are substantially annular and coupled to opposite ends of the example phantom body 902. The first rod retainer 910 and the second rod retainer 911 may include… Figure 10 and Figure 11 One or more of the ring 1002 and the opening 1004 are described in more detail below. Now turn to Figure 10 and Figure 11 A partial view depicts a portion of a rod retaining system 901 according to an embodiment. The partial view shows a ring 1002 including an opening or slot 1004. The ring 1002 may be coupled to a first rod retainer and / or a second rod retainer or integrally formed as part of the first rod retainer and / or the second rod retainer. In one example, the first rod retainer and the second rod retainer have circumferences based on the circumference of the phantom body 902, such as... Figure 9 and Figures 12 to 15 As shown. A strip or other element may pass through the opening or slot of the ring 1002 and wrap around the first or second rod retainer. The strip may secure the rod retainer around the rod retainer and fasten the rod retainer to the mold. In this way, the rod retainer can be fastened to the mold via the strip. The ring 1002 may include a first arm 1012, a second arm 1014, and a bridging member 1016. The opening 1004 may be formed via each of the first arm 1012, the second arm 1014, and the bridging member 1016. In one example, the first arm 1012 and the second arm 1014 are substantially identical to each other in shape and size. The first arm 1012 and the second arm 1014 may include a rectangular cross-sectional shape. The bridging member 1016 may extend from the first arm 1012 to the second arm 1014.

[0074] In one example, the strip may include an adhesive. Additionally or alternatively, the strip may include interlocking materials, hook-and-loop elements, webbing, or other fastening systems for securing the strip to the mantle. In such examples, a first end of the strip may be secured to a rod retainer, and a second end of the strip may be through a loop and folded back, such that the first end of the strip is coupled to the second end of the strip (e.g., via hook-and-loop fasteners) to secure the rod retainer to the mantle body.

[0075] In some examples, the bar retaining system 901 may include a ratchet system, a turntable system, or other mechanical systems that allow the bar retainer to be secured against the outer surface of the mantle. Further examples of such additional features may be described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the bar retaining system 901 may include a perforation and a fork configured to extend through one of the perforations to secure the bar retainer to the mantle.

[0076] The first rod retainer and the second rod retainer may further include at least one lip 1008 to achieve alignment of the first rod retainer and the second rod retainer on the phantom body. The lip 1008 is described in more detail below.

[0077] The first rod retainer 910 and the example may include a plurality of protrusions extending radially from the circumference of the rod retainer, thereby forming an opening in the example first rod retainer. For example, each rod retainer may include a first protrusion 912, a second protrusion 914, and a third protrusion 916. The first protrusion 912, the second protrusion 914, and the third protrusion 916 may be similar to each other in size and shape. The first protrusion 912, the second protrusion 914, and the third protrusion 916 may include a substantially circular shape. Alternatively, any other shape corresponding to the shape of the rod may be suitable. The arc distance between the first protrusion 912 and the second protrusion 914 is equal to the arc distance between the second protrusion 914 and the third protrusion 916. The arc distance between the first protrusion 912 and the first end of the rod retainer adjacent to the ring including the slot is similar to the arc distance between the third protrusion 916 and the second end of the rod retainer opposite to the ring. The gap 918 can be positioned between the first and second ends of the rod retainer where the ring 1002 is arranged. The size of the gap 918 can be adjusted based on the tension of the strip or other fastening system coupled to the rod retainer. In this way, the rod retainer is an incomplete ring, so that it is not a complete circle.

[0078] The second rod retainer 911 may include a plurality of protrusions extending radially from the circumference of the rod retainer, thereby forming an opening in the example second rod retainer, similar to those protrusions described in conjunction with the first rod retainer. Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 15(As shown). Thus, the example first rod holder forms a first set of openings, and the second rod holder forms a second set of openings. The first and second rod holders are positioned on the body of the phantom such that the first set of openings and the second set of openings are aligned.

[0079] In one example, the first protrusion 912 of the first rod retainer 910 is aligned along the z-axis with the first protrusion 920 of the second rod retainer 940. The second protrusion 914 of the first rod retainer 910 is aligned along the z-axis with the second protrusion 1202 of the second rod retainer 911. Figures 12 to 15 (As shown) Alignment. The third protrusion 916 of the first rod retainer 910 is aligned with the third protrusion 922 of the second rod retainer 911.

[0080] A first rod 924 extends from a first protrusion 912 of a first rod holder 910 to a first protrusion 920 of a second rod holder 911. A second rod 926 extends from a second protrusion 914 of a first rod holder 910 to a second protrusion 1202 of a second rod holder 911. A third rod 928 extends from a third protrusion 916 of a first rod holder 910 to a third protrusion 922 of a second rod holder 911. The first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 may be substantially identical in size and shape. In one example, each of the first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 is cylindrical and contains a material of similar concentration. In one example, each of the first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 contains iodine. In some examples, additionally or alternatively, one or more of the first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 may contain an iodine concentration different from that contained in the other rods. The rod can be replaceable. The rod can be replaced with rods of different sizes and / or different iodine concentrations. In some examples, a rod of a different shape can be used with the example rod holders and rod holding systems described herein. In such examples, the opening is shaped to correspond to the shape of the rod.

[0081] Each of the first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 may be parallel to each other, parallel to the z-axis, and parallel to the length of the phantom 900. For example... Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 do not extend along the z-axis beyond the contours of the first protrusion 920, the second protrusion 1202, and the third protrusion 922 of the second rod retainer 911. Figure 12 and Figure 13Further illustration shows the first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 extending beyond the contours of the first protrusion 912, the second protrusion 914, and the third protrusion 916 of the first rod retainer 910. The extensions of the first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 may extend beyond the entire contour of the first rod retainer 910, including the lip 1008. The lip 1008 may press against the end plate of the mold. The lip 1008 facilitates alignment, thereby positioning the rod retaining system 901 in the desired position on the mold.

[0082] The first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 may contain materials different from those of the body 902. For example, the body 902 may contain a non-iodinated material, and the first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 may contain an iodinated material. The concentration of iodine in each of the first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 may be the same or different, depending on the required calibration process. The first rod 924, the second rod 926, and the third rod 928 may be in coplanar contact with or spaced apart from the body 902.

[0083] Figure 14 A front view of the first end plate 904 of the phantom 900 is shown. The lip 1008 of the first rod retainer may have a similar depth or thickness along each arc of the circumference of the first rod retainer between the corresponding protrusions 912, 914, 916, as... Figure 14 The front view further illustrates the lip of the first rod retainer 910, which includes a first segment 1402, a second segment 1404, a third segment 1406, and a fourth segment 1408. In one example, each of the first segment 1402, the second segment 1404, the third segment 1406, and the fourth segment 1408 is similar in shape and size. Each of the first segment 1402, the second segment 1404, the third segment 1406, and the fourth segment 1408 may include an arcuate shape. The first segment 1402, the second segment 1404, the third segment 1406, and the fourth segment 1408 may be arranged in a separate quadrant of the first rod retainer 910. The first segment 1402 may extend from a first end where a ring 1002 is arranged to a first protrusion 912. The second segment 1404 may extend from the first protrusion 912 to a second protrusion 914. The third section 1406 extends from the second protrusion 914 to the third protrusion 916. The fourth section 1408 extends from the third protrusion 916 to the second end 1410 of the first rod retainer 910.

[0084] The first segment 1402, the second segment 1404, the third segment 1406, and the fourth segment 1408 of the lip 1008 may be in coplanar contact with the first end plate 904. The first segment 1402, the second segment 1404, the third segment 1406, and the fourth segment 1408 may prevent the first rod retainer 910 from being positioned along the middle section of the phantom body 902. Additionally or alternatively, the first segment 1402, the second segment 1404, the third segment 1406, and the fourth segment 1408 may facilitate positioning the first rod retainer 910 in the desired position.

[0085] Figure 15 A front view of the second end plate 906 of the phantom 900 is shown. The second end plate 906 may be arranged at the opposite end of the body 902 of the phantom 900 relative to the first end plate 904. This front view further illustrates the lip 1008 of the second rod retainer 911, which includes a first segment 1502, a second segment 1504, a third segment 1506, and a fourth segment 1508. The first segment 1502, second segment 1504, third segment 1506, and fourth segment 1508 of the lip may be arranged in separate quadrants of the second rod retainer 911. For example, as... Figure 15 As depicted, the lip 908 of the second rod retainer may include additional cutouts for accommodating the protrusion 1510 of the body mold.

[0086] The first section 1502, the second section 1504, the third section 1506, and the fourth section 1508 may be in coplanar contact with the second end plate 906. The first section 1502, the second section 1504, the third section 1506, and the fourth section 1508 prevent the second rod retainer 911 from being positioned along the middle section of the phantom body 902. Additionally or alternatively, the first section 1502, the second section 1504, the third section 1506, and the fourth section 1508 may help facilitate positioning the second rod retainer 911 in the desired location.

[0087] The first segment 1502 and the fourth segment 1508 may be shaped similarly to each other. The second segment 1504 and the third segment 1506 may be shaped similarly to each other and differently from the first segment 1502 and the fourth segment 1508. The first segment 1502 and the fourth segment 1508 may be shaped complementaryly to the protrusion 1510 and the plurality of fasteners 1512. In one example, the first segment 1502 and the fourth segment 1508 may include a first recess. The first recess may be curved to match the curvature of the plurality of fasteners 1512. The first segment 1502 and the fourth segment 1508 may also include a second recess. The second recess may include linear sides that match the shape of the protrusion 1510. Thus, the second recess may follow the shape of the protrusion 1510 without contacting the protrusion 1510.

[0088] Figure 16A perspective view of a rod holding system 1600 for a phantom is shown. The rod holding system 1600 can be coupled to a body, which can be similar to the referenced above. Figures 11 to 15 The main subject of this introduction is 1102. Figure 16 In the example, the rod retaining system 1600 includes a first rod retainer 1602, a second rod retainer 1604, and a plurality of rods 1606. The first rod retainer 1602 and the second rod retainer 1604 include a plurality of protrusions 1608, which include openings 1610. Figure 16 In the example shown, each of the multiple rods can be press-fitted into the protruding opening. Similar to phantom 900, in... Figure 16 In the example shown, the first rod retainer 1602 and the second rod retainer 1604 are configured to be secured to the body of the phantom via a loop mechanism 1612. However, in other examples, other securing mechanisms may be suitable.

[0089] Figure 17 A perspective view of a rod holding system 1700 for a phantom is shown. The rod holding system 1700 can be coupled to the body, such as in the reference above. Figures 11 to 15 The main body of the introduction is 902. Figure 17 In the example, the bar retaining system 1700 includes a first bar retainer 1702 and a plurality of bars 1704. The first bar retainer 1702 and subsequent bars 1704... Figures 17 to 24 Other examples of rod holders may be examples of rod holding systems configured to hold at least one rod 1704 to the outer surface of the body of a phantom. The first rod holder 1704 includes a plurality of protrusions 1706, each including an opening 1708. In some examples, at least one protrusion 1706 may include an alignment feature 1710 (e.g., a laser alignment line) that can be used with a laser alignment tool of an imaging device to align the phantom within a hole or on an inspection table. Furthermore, each protrusion 1706 may include a retaining element 1712 corresponding to a recess 1714 on at least one rod. In the figures, one rod of the rod 1704 including the recess 1714 is depicted in dashed lines, making the retaining element 1712 visible. The retaining element 1712 and the recess 1714 secure at least one rod 1704 in place within the rod holder 1702. In some examples, the latch 1712 may be a spring-loaded button that is pressed down in response to pressure to engage with a radial groove 1714 located adjacent to the end of each lever 1704. An example of a spring-loaded button is schematically shown as a circle positioned on the inner surface of the opening 1708. Figure 25Another example of a rod 1704 with a radial groove 1714 is shown. In one example, each of the plurality of rods 1704 is longitudinally slidable into an opening 1708 of one of the plurality of protrusions 1706 of a rod retainer 1702. As the rod slides into the opening 1708 of the protrusion 1706, the rod 1704 presses down a spring-loaded button 17112 until the button and the radial groove 1714 are aligned, at which point the pressure is released and the button extends into the radial groove. In this way, the rod 1704 can be held in a clamp. In some examples, the end of the rod 1704 may include a tapered portion to facilitate the pressing down of the locking member 1712 when the rod 1704 is inserted into the opening 1708 of the protrusion 1706. Furthermore, the first rod retainer 1702 includes a fastener 1716 or a hook configured to adjustably retain the first rod retainer to the body. In the illustrated example, the fastener or hook 1716 may be a screw with a locking lever 1718. That is, the lever 1718 can be turned by hand (e.g., by a technician) to secure the lever retainer 1702 around the circumference of the body. The lever 1718 can then be moved to a locked position (e.g., perpendicular to the screw) that prevents further movement of the screw, thus securing the fastener and therefore the lever retainer in place. In other examples, screws, nuts, clamps, wing nuts, or other fastening mechanisms may be suitable.

[0090] Figure 18 A perspective view of a rod holding system 1800 for a phantom is shown. The rod holding system 1800 can be coupled to a body, which can be similar to the referenced above. Figures 11 to 15 The main subject of this introduction is 902. Figure 18 In the example, the rod retaining system 1800 includes a first rod retainer 1802 and a plurality of rods 1804. The first rod retainer 1802 includes a plurality of protrusions 1806, which can be referenced above. Figure 17 The described protrusions are similarly configured, wherein each of the plurality of rods 1804 can be pressed into the opening 1808 of the protrusion 1806 via compression. In some examples, at least one protrusion 1801 may include a laser alignment line 1810, which can be used with a laser alignment tool to align the phantom. Similar to Figure 17 In the example of the rod retaining system 1700 shown, the first rod retainer 1802 is configured to be adjustably held to the body via a hook or fastener 1812. However, in other examples, other fastening mechanisms may be suitable.

[0091] Figure 19 A perspective view of a rod holding system 1900 for a phantom is shown. The rod holding system 1900 can be coupled to a body, which can be similar to the referenced above. Figures 11 to 15 The main subject of this introduction is 902. Figure 19 In the example, the bar retaining system 1900 includes a first bar retainer 1902, a second bar retainer 1904, and a plurality of bars 1906. Each of the plurality of bars 1906 includes at least one bar clip 1908, wherein the bar clip 1908 is integral with the bar 1906. Alternatively, the bar clip 1908 may be removably coupled to the bar 1906 via, for example, a press-fit connection, adhesive, magnet, etc. The bar clip 1908 is configured to be removably attached to the bar retainers 1902, 1904, for example, to clamp and release. Example bar clip 1908 is configured to fit over an opening 1910 in the first bar retainer 1902 and the second bar retainer 1904. For example, the bar clip 1908 may include a protrusion 1912 ( Figure 26 (As depicted in the image), the protrusion interlocks with a corresponding slot or orifice 1914 arranged on the rod retainers 1902, 1904. In some examples, the protrusion 1912 is shaped (e.g., with a different shape) such that the rod 1906 can only be attached in one orientation. Figure 19 In the example, each bar 1906 includes a first bar clamp 1908a and a second bar clamp 1908b, which are arranged at the end of the bar 1906. Figure 26 An example of a rod 1906 configured with a first rod clip 1908a and a second rod clip 1908b is shown. In other examples, the rod clips may be magnetically attached to a rod retainer. Similar to... Figure 9 In the example shown, the phantom 900 has its first rod retainer 1902 and second rod retainer 1904 configured to be secured to the body via a loop mechanism. However, in other examples, different securing mechanisms may be suitable.

[0092] Figure 20 A perspective view of a rod holding system 2000 for a phantom is shown. The rod holding system 2000 can be coupled to a body, which can be similar to the referenced above. Figures 11 to 15 The main subject of this introduction is 902. Figure 20 In the example, the bar retaining system 2000 includes a first bar retainer 2002 and a plurality of bars 2004. Similar to... Figure 19 For example, each of the plurality of rods 2004 includes a rod clip 2006, wherein the rod clip 2006 is integral with or otherwise coupled to the rod 2004. The rod clip 2006 is configured to be connected via a protrusion 1912 on the rod 2004. Figure 26 (Depicted in the middle) (similar to combination) Figure 19 The protrusions described, as well as the orifice 2008 of the opening 2010 adjacent to the rod retainer 2002, are removably attached to the rod retainer 2002, for example, to clamp and release. Similar to... Figure 17In the example of the rod retaining system 1700 shown, the first rod retainer 2002 is configured to be adjustably held to the body via a hook or fastener 2012. However, in other examples, other fastening mechanisms may be suitable.

[0093] Figure 21 A perspective view of a rod holding system 2100 for a phantom is shown. The rod holding system 2100 can be coupled to a body, which can be similar to the referenced above. Figures 11 to 15 The main subject of this introduction is 902. Figure 21 In the example, the bar retaining system 2100 includes a first bar retainer 2102, a second bar retainer 2104, and a plurality of bars 2106. The first bar retainer 2102 and the second bar retainer 2104 each include a hinge 2108, wherein the hinge 2108 is configured to rotate about a hinge axis parallel to the longitudinal axis or central axis of the bar retaining system 2100. Figure 21 In the example, hinge 2108 is an external hinge positioned on the outside of rod retainers 2102, 2104. As an example, the first rod retainer 2102 and the second rod retainer 2104 can be opened by rotation about hinge 2108, for example, like a clamshell, and positioned onto multiple protrusions (e.g., similar to reference ). Figures 11 to 15 The multiple rods 2106 in the described clamp can be coupled with rod clamps (such as...) Figure 19 The described rod clamp is press-fitted or otherwise attached to the rod clamp. With rod 2106 in the appropriate position, rod retainers 2102, 2104 can close around the body of the phantom, such as body 902. Similar to... Figure 21 In the example shown, the phantom 900 has its first rod retainer 2102 and second rod retainer 2104 configured to be secured to the body via a loop mechanism. However, in other examples, other securing mechanisms may be suitable.

[0094] Figure 22 A perspective view of a rod holding system 2200 for a phantom is shown. The rod holding system 2200 can be coupled to a body, which can be similar to the referenced above. Figures 11 to 15 The main subject of this introduction is 902. Figure 22 In the example, the bar retaining system 2200 includes a first bar retainer 2202 and a plurality of bars 2204. The first bar retainer 2202 includes bars similar to those described in the reference above. Figure 21 The hinge 2108 described is a hinge 2206, for example, an external hinge. Similar to... Figure 22 In the example of the rod retaining system 1600 shown, the first rod retainer 2202 is configured to be adjustably held to the body via a hook or fastener 2208. However, in other examples, other fastening mechanisms may be suitable.

[0095] Figure 23A perspective view of a rod holding system 2300 for a phantom is shown. The rod holding system 2300 can be coupled to a body, which can be similar to the referenced above. Figures 11 to 15 The main subject of this introduction is 902. Figure 23 In the example, the bar retaining system 2300 includes a first bar retainer 2302, a second bar retainer 2304, and a plurality of bars 2306. The first bar retainer 2302 and the second bar retainer 2304 each include a hinge 2308, which is configured to... (refer to above) Figures 21 to 22 The hinges 2108 and 2206 described work in a similar manner. However, in Figure 23 In the example, hinge 2308 is an external hinge. Similar to... Figure 23 In the example shown, the phantom 900 has its first rod retainer 2302 and second rod retainer 2304 configured to be secured to the body via a loop mechanism. However, in other examples, other securing mechanisms may be suitable.

[0096] Figure 24 A perspective view of a rod holding system 2400 for a phantom is shown. The rod holding system 2400 can be coupled to a body, which can be similar to the referenced above. Figures 11 to 15 The main subject of this introduction is 902. Figure 24 In the example, the bar retaining system 2400 includes a first bar retainer 2402 and a plurality of bars 2404. The first bar retainer 2402 includes bars similar to those described in the reference above. Figure 23 The hinge 2308 described is a hinge 2406, for example, an internal hinge. Similar to... Figure 24 In the example of the rod retaining system 1600 shown, the first rod retainer 2402 is configured to be adjustably held to the body via a hook or fastener 2408. However, in other examples, other fastening mechanisms may be suitable. Although Figures 22 to 24 Various types of hinges are depicted, but it is understandable that the position of the hinges can vary. For example, in Figure 22 In this configuration, the hinge is positioned opposite the hook or fastener (e.g., at a 180-degree angle to the fastener). Alternatively, the hinge is positioned at different points around the circumference of the rod retainer. For example, Figure 23 An example hinge is depicted with a second protrusion positioned adjacent to the rod retainer, which is positioned relative to a fastener or hook. Other positions of the hinge may be suitable.

[0097] Figure 25 and Figure 26 Examples of rods, such as iodide rods, are shown respectively. First, turn... Figure 25The image shows a lever 1704. Lever 1704 is an example of a lever 1704 including a radial groove 1714. The lever 1704 with the radial groove 1714 can be configured to slide into a protrusion in a lever retainer, which includes a corresponding spring-loaded button, such as the one referenced above. Figure 17 As described. Figure 26 A rod 1906 is shown. Rod 1906 is an example of a rod including at least one rod clip 1908, wherein the rod clip 1908 is integral with the rod 1906. In this example, the rod 1906 includes a first rod clip 1908a disposed at a first end and a second rod clip 1908b disposed at the opposite second end. The rod clips 1908 are configured to be removably attached to a rod retainer, for example, to clamp and release, as described above. Figures 19 to 20 As described. As shown in the example, the bar clip 1908 may include a protrusion 1912 or a bulge that interlocks with a corresponding slot or orifice on the bar retainer.

[0098] In this manner, at least a first rod retainer is included in a rod retaining system configured to retain an iodide rod. The first rod retainer, and in some examples a second rod retainer or multiple rod retainers, can interlock with features of the phantom body. Additionally or alternatively, the first and second rod retainers can be integrally arranged with the first and second end plates of the phantom body. Additionally or alternatively, at least the first rod retainer, and in some examples the second rod retainer, can be bound or physically coupled to the outer surface of the phantom without interlocking with features of the phantom. Therefore, the first and second rod retainers (when the second rod retainer is included) can be modified according to a pre-existing phantom without modifying the phantom design.

[0099] At least the first rod holder may comprise a flexible and / or rigid material. In one example, the rod holder or multiple rod holders may receive one or more iodinated rods from a plurality of iodinated rods before being coupled to the phantom. Additionally or alternatively, at least the first rod holder may be coupled to the phantom and then receive one or more iodinated rod holders from a plurality of iodinated rod holders. Each of the plurality of iodinated rod holders may slide through a corresponding eyelet of at least the first rod holder.

[0100] At least one rod holder may include an eyelet and / or opening shaped to receive an iodine rod. The eyelet may extend away from the body. Thus, the rod may be positioned radially outward of the outer surface of the body. In some examples, a gap may be arranged between the outer surface of the body and the plurality of iodine rod holders, such that the iodine rod holders do not physically contact the body. In other embodiments, additionally or alternatively, the gap may be omitted, and the plurality of rods may physically contact the body.

[0101] In some examples, the body may be a main cylinder, and the multiple rods may be smaller cylinders positioned around the body. The spacing between the multiple rods may be fixed. In some embodiments, the multiple rods may be held within the same quadrant of the phantom. In other embodiments, the multiple rods may be held within the same half of the phantom. In some applications, one or more eyelets of the multiple rod holders may not be used, such that the rod holders are held by only some, rather than all, of the eyelets. If the multiple iodide rod holders are not required, the multiple rod holders may be decoupled from the phantom. In some examples, decoupling may include sliding, loosening, or untying at least the first rod holder.

[0102] This disclosure also provides support for a holding system for a phantom used in calibrating an imaging system, the holding system comprising: at least one rod retainer, wherein the at least one rod retainer includes at least one opening configured to secure at least one rod of the phantom within the holding system; and fasteners configured to secure the at least one rod retainer to a body of the phantom. In a first example of the system, the at least one rod retainer includes a plate coupled to an end of the body of the phantom, wherein at least one opening is integrally formed with the plate. In a second example of the system, optionally including the first example, the at least one rod retainer includes a ring for coupling around an outer surface of the body of the phantom. In a third example of the system, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples, the fastener of the at least one rod retainer includes a locking member that interlocks with a groove in the body of the phantom. In a fourth example of the system, optionally including one or more of the first to third examples, the fastener of the at least one rod retainer includes a screw. In a fifth example of a system that optionally includes one or more of the first to fourth examples, the screw includes a locking member for facilitating tightening and locking the screw. In a sixth example of a system that optionally includes one or more of the first to fifth examples, the fastener includes a slot configured to receive a strip to secure at least one rod retainer around the outer surface of the body. In a seventh example of a system that optionally includes one or more of the first to sixth examples, at least one rod retainer includes at least one orifice for receiving at least one locking member of a clip coupled to a rod, wherein the clip enables removable coupling of the rod to at least one rod retainer. In an eighth example of a system that optionally includes one or more of the first to seventh examples, at least one rod retainer includes a hinge. In a ninth example of a system that optionally includes one or more of the first to eighth examples, at least one rod retainer includes at least one locking member corresponding to a recess on at least one rod, wherein the at least one locking member and the at least one recess secure at least one rod in place within the rod retainer.

[0103] This disclosure also provides support for a phantom for an imaging system, the phantom comprising: a body, one or more rods, and a rod holding system coupled to an outer surface of the body of the phantom, wherein the rod holding system includes a plurality of openings, each of the plurality of openings for receiving one rod, and each of the plurality of openings including a central axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body. In a first example of the system, the one or more rods comprise an iodinated material, and wherein the body comprises a non-iodinated fluid. In a second example of the system, optionally including the first example, the rod holding system includes a fastener for coupling the rod holding system to the body. In a third example of the system, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples, the plurality of openings of the rod holding system include a first set of openings and a second set of openings positioned adjacent to opposite ends of the body, wherein each opening in the first set of openings is aligned with an opening in the second set of openings. In a fourth example of the system, optionally including one or more of the first to third examples, each of the one or more rods includes a first end positioned through one opening in the first set of openings and a second end positioned through a corresponding opening in the second set of openings.

[0104] This disclosure also provides support for a rod holding system for a phantom used in calibrating an imaging system, the rod holding system comprising: at least one rod holder configured to be removably coupled to a phantom body; and at least one rod configured to be removably coupled to the at least one rod holder, wherein the at least one rod includes an integrated locking mechanism. In a first example of the system, the at least one rod holder includes at least one orifice, and wherein the integrated locking mechanism includes at least one locking member for engaging with the at least one orifice to couple at least one rod to the rod holder. In a second example of the system, optionally including the first example, at least one locking member is positioned on a clamp of at least one rod. In a third example of the system, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples, at least one rod holder includes at least one locking member corresponding to a groove on at least one rod, wherein the at least one locking member and the at least one groove secure at least one rod in a proper position within the rod holder. In a fourth example of the system, optionally including one or more of the first to third examples, at least one rod holder includes at least one alignment feature.

[0105] Figures 1 to 26Example configurations for the relative positioning of various components are shown. In at least one example, such components may be referred to as being in direct contact or directly coupled, respectively, if shown as being in direct contact or directly coupled. Similarly, in at least one example, components shown as being adjacent to or next to each other may be referred to as being adjacent to or next to each other, respectively. For example, components placed in coplanar contact with each other may be referred to as being in coplanar contact. As another example, in at least one example, components positioned to be spaced apart from each other and having only space between them without other components may be described as such. As yet another example, components shown as being above / below each other, on opposite sides of each other, or on the left / right side of each other may be described relative to each other. Furthermore, as shown, in at least one example, the topmost component or point of the component may be referred to as the “top” of the component, and the bottommost component or point of the component may be referred to as the “bottom” of the component. As used herein, top / bottom, upper / lower, above / below may be relative to the vertical axis of the figure and may be used to describe the position of the components in the figure relative to each other. Thus, in one example, a component shown as being above other components is vertically positioned above the other components. For example, the shape of the elements depicted in the figure may be described as having those shapes (e.g., such as circular, straight, planar, curved, rounded, chamfered, angled, etc.). Furthermore, in at least one example, elements shown intersecting each other may be described as intersecting elements or intersecting each other. Additionally, in one example, an element shown as being inside or outside another element may be described as such. It should be understood that one or more parts described as "substantially similar and / or identical" differ from each other according to manufacturing tolerances (e.g., within a deviation of 1% to 5%). Figures 3 to 26 This is shown approximately to scale, but other sizes may be used if desired.

[0106] When describing elements of various embodiments of this disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to indicate the presence of one or more such elements. The terms “first,” “second,” etc., do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are used to distinguish one element from another. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and indicate that additional elements may exist in addition to the listed elements. As used herein, the terms “connected to,” “coupled to,” etc., indicate that an object (e.g., a material, element, structure, component, etc.) may be connected to or coupled to another object, regardless of whether the one object is directly connected to or coupled to the other object, or whether one or more intervening objects exist between the one object and the other object. Furthermore, it should be understood that references to “an embodiment” or “an embodiment” of this disclosure are not intended to be construed as excluding the existence of additional embodiments also incorporating the referenced features.

[0107] In addition to any modifications previously indicated, many other variations and alternative arrangements can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this specification, and the appended claims are intended to cover such modifications and arrangements. Therefore, although the information has been described in particular and detail above in conjunction with what is now considered to be the most practical and preferred aspects, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications can be made without departing from the principles and concepts set forth herein, including but not limited to changes in form, function, mode of operation, and purpose. Likewise, as used herein, embodiments and implementations are intended to be illustrative only in all respects and should not be construed as limiting in any way.

Claims

1. A phantom holding system for calibrating an imaging system, the holding system comprising: At least one rod retainer, wherein the at least one rod retainer comprises: At least one opening, wherein the at least one opening is configured to secure at least one rod of the phantom to the holding system; and Fasteners, wherein the fasteners are configured to secure the at least one rod retainer to the body of the mold.

2. The retaining system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rod retainer comprises a plate coupled to an end of the body of the phantom, wherein the at least one opening is integrally formed with the plate.

3. The retaining system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rod retainer includes a ring, wherein the ring is used to couple around the outer surface of the body of the phantom.

4. The retaining system of claim 1, wherein the fastener of the at least one rod retainer includes a locking member that interlocks with a groove in the body of the mold.

5. The retaining system of claim 1, wherein the fastener includes a slot configured to receive a strip to secure the at least one rod retainer around the outer surface of the body.

6. The retaining system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rod retainer includes at least one aperture for receiving at least one locking member of a clamp coupled to the rod, wherein the clamp enables the rod to be removably coupled to the at least one rod retainer.

7. The retaining system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rod retainer includes at least one locking member corresponding to a groove on the at least one rod, wherein the at least one locking member and the at least one groove secure the at least one rod in a suitable position within the rod retainer.

8. A phantom for an imaging system, the phantom comprising: main body; One or more rods; as well as A rod holding system coupled to the outer surface of the body of the phantom, wherein the rod holding system includes a plurality of openings, each of the plurality of openings for receiving one of the rods, and each of the plurality of openings includes a central axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body.

9. The phantom of claim 8, wherein the one or more rods comprise an iodinated material, and wherein the body comprises a non-iodinated fluid.

10. The phantom of claim 8, wherein the rod retaining system includes fasteners for coupling the rod retaining system to the body.

11. The phantom of claim 8, wherein the plurality of openings of the rod holding system comprises a first set of openings and a second set of openings located adjacent to opposite ends of the body, wherein each opening in the first set of openings is aligned with an opening in the second set of openings.

12. A rod holding system for a phantom used to calibrate an imaging system, the rod holding system comprising: At least one rod retainer, the at least one rod retainer being configured to be removably coupled to the phantom body; as well as At least one lever, configured to be removably coupled to the at least one lever retainer, wherein the at least one lever includes an integrated locking mechanism.

13. The rod retaining system of claim 12, wherein the at least one rod retainer includes at least one orifice, and wherein the integrated locking mechanism includes at least one locking member for engaging with the at least one orifice to couple the at least one rod to the rod retainer.

14. The rod retaining system of claim 13, wherein the at least one locking member is positioned on the clamp of the at least one rod.

15. The rod retaining system of claim 12, wherein the at least one rod retainer includes at least one locking member corresponding to a groove on the at least one rod, wherein the at least one locking member and the at least one groove secure the at least one rod in a suitable position within the rod retainer.

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