Automatic external defibrillator

Abstract

An automatic external defibrillator is used for conducting electrocardiogram analysis and discharge processing on a detected person. The automated external defibrillator includes a detection unit configured to detect a body movement of a subject during a cardio-pulmonary resuscitation period after electrocardiogram analysis and discharge processing, and an output controller configured to output an instruction regarding chest compression on the subject to a rescuer based on the presence or absence of the body movement of the subject during the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation period. An output controller configured to output a continuation instruction for instructing continuation of the chest compression, and to output the continuation instruction again in a case where a first time has elapsed from the last output of the continuation instruction; a start command output unit that outputs a start command for instructing the start of chest compression over the continuation command when the body movement of the subject is not detected continuously for a second time or longer shorter than the first time; and outputting the start command again when a second time has elapsed from the last output of the start command.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to an automated external defibrillator.

[0002] The 2020 JRC Resuscitation Guidelines (hereinafter referred to as the "2020 JRC Resuscitation Guidelines"), published by Igaku Shoin on June 15, 2021, stipulate that after electrocardiogram analysis and electric shock by an automated external defibrillator (AED), chest compressions and artificial respiration should continue to be performed on the patient during the CPR period. Background Technology

[0003] An automated external defibrillator (hereinafter, also referred to as an "AED") is known to periodically provide voice prompts during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) based on the number of chest compressions and rescue breaths defined in the 2020 JRC Resuscitation Guidelines. However, because the AED periodically issues the chest compression continuation prompt regardless of whether the rescuer is performing chest compressions, it can take a considerable amount of time for the rescuer to understand what to do next, for example, if they do not hear the continuation prompt.

[0004] One type of AED is known to use sound and flashing lights to signal the need to continue chest compressions during CPR. However, since the light continues to flash at the same cycle regardless of whether chest compressions are being performed, there is room to provide rescuers with more effective instructions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One aspect of the non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure relates to providing an automated external defibrillator (AED) that can more appropriately support rescuers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and an AED that can issue more effective instructions to rescuers.

[0006] A non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure relates to the features discussed above and / or other features not described above. However, a non-limiting embodiment does not need to involve the above features, and a non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure may not involve the above features.

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an automated external defibrillator (AED) is provided for performing electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis and discharge treatment on a subject, the AED comprising:

[0008] A detection unit configured to detect the subject's body movements during the electrocardiogram analysis and the cardiopulmonary resuscitation period following the discharge treatment; and

[0009] An output controller is configured to, during the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) period, output instructions to rescuers regarding chest compressions on the subject based on whether the subject is moving.

[0010] The output controller is configured as follows:

[0011] Outputs a continue command to instruct the user to continue chest compressions;

[0012] If a period of time has elapsed since the last continue command was output, the continue command is output again.

[0013] If no body movement of the subject is detected for a period of time shorter than the first time, a start command to instruct the commencement of chest compressions is output, taking precedence over the continue command; and

[0014] If the second time has elapsed since the last start command was output, the start command is output again.

[0015] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an automated external defibrillator (AED) is provided for performing electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis and discharge treatment on a subject, the AED comprising:

[0016] A detection unit configured to detect whether rescue personnel have made contact with the person being tested; and

[0017] A display controller is configured to change the flashing period or illuminated color of a display unit located on the automated external defibrillator based on the detection results obtained by the detection unit. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following figures, wherein:

[0019] Figure 1 This is an external view of an AED according to a first embodiment of the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0020] Figure 2 It is shown Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates the configuration of an AED.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the output of an AED during CPR based on a comparative example;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process of guiding the output during CPR using an AED according to a first embodiment of the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 1) of the output guided by an AED during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 2) of the output guided by an AED during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 3) of the output guided by an AED during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 4) of the output guided by an AED during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 5) of the output guided by an AED during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 6) of the output guided by an AED during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 7) of the output guided by an AED during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0030] Figure 12 This is an external view of an AED according to a second embodiment of the subject matter of this disclosure;

[0031] Figure 13 It is shown Figure 12 The diagram shown illustrates the configuration of an AED.

[0032] Figure 14 It is shown Figure 13 The flowchart shows a summary of the AED's operation process.

[0033] Figure 15 It shows through Figure 13 The table shows specific examples of how the display controller controls the illumination of the disconnection notification light during the disconnection period; and

[0034] Figure 16 It shows through Figure 13 The table shows a specific example of how the display controller controls the illumination of the chest compression notification light during CPR. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Hereinafter, an automated external defibrillator according to the subject matter of this disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. For ease of description, components that have the same reference numerals as those already described in the description of embodiments will not be described again. For ease of description, the dimensions of the components shown in the drawings may differ from the actual dimensions of the components.

[0036] First Implementation Method

[0037] AED configuration

[0038] Hereinafter, an example of an automated external defibrillator (AED) 1, which is a first embodiment of the subject matter of this disclosure, will be described. Figure 1 This is an external view of AED 1 according to a first embodiment of the subject matter of this disclosure; as shown Figure 1 As shown, AED 1 can include an AED body 10, a battery pack 11, a cover 12, a cable 13, and a pair of electrode pads 14 and 15.

[0039] The battery pack 11 is configured to provide the AED body 10 with the power required to operate the AED body 10. For example, the battery pack 11 is detachably connected to the back side of the AED body 10.

[0040] The cover 12 is a structure that covers the AED body 10. When the cover 12 changes from the closed state to the open state, the main power supply of AED 1 is turned on, and AED 1 is activated. When the cover 12 changes from the open state to the closed state, the main power supply of AED 1 is turned off. AED 1 is not limited to a configuration where the main power supply is turned on / off with the opening and closing of the cover 12. For example, a power button can be provided on the AED body 10, and the power button can be configured to toggle the main power supply on / off.

[0041] Each electrode pad 14 and 15 can contain an adhesive gel. When the AED 1 is not in use, the electrode pads 14 and 15 are stored in a bag with release paper attached to each gel. For example, the bag containing the electrode pads 14 and 15 is attached to the inside of the cap 12. The rescuer using the AED 1 removes the bag from the cap 12 and takes out the electrode pads 14 and 15 from the bag. Then, with the electrode pads 14 and 15 peeled from the release paper, the rescuer applies the gel portion to the subject's skin.

[0042] Cable 13 electrically connects the AED body 10 to electrode pads 14 and 15. With electrode pads 14 and 15 attached to the subject, the AED body 10 performs procedures on the subject such as electrocardiogram analysis and electric shock (hereinafter also referred to as "discharge treatment").

[0043] Figure 2 It is shown Figure 1 The diagram shows the configuration of AED 1. Figure 2As shown, the AED body 10 may include a sound output unit 101, a controller 103, a memory 104, a high-voltage unit 105, and an electrocardiogram analysis unit 106. The memory 104 is configured to store programs for controlling various operations of the AED 1.

[0044] When AED 1 is activated, controller 103 reads and executes programs stored in memory 104, and controls various operations of AED 1. Controller 103 may include a central processing unit (CPU), read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), and hard disk drive (HDD), etc. More specifically, controller 103 is configured to function as an output controller 131, an electrode pad controller 132, a power controller 133, and a detection unit 134.

[0045] Output controller 131 is configured to read sound data, such as voice guidance from rescue personnel and alarm tones, from memory 104 and output the read sound data to sound output unit 101. Sound output unit 101 is, for example, a speaker. Upon receiving sound data output from output controller 131, sound output unit 101 outputs voice or alarm tones based on the sound data.

[0046] The electrode pad controller 132 is configured to control the electrode pads 14 and 15 and the electrocardiogram analysis unit 106, so that the electrocardiogram analysis unit 106 performs electrocardiogram analysis. The electrocardiogram analysis unit 106 is configured to be controlled by the electrode pad controller 132 to perform electrocardiogram analysis of the subject via the electrode pads 14 and 15.

[0047] After the electrocardiogram analysis is performed by the electrode pad controller 132, the power controller 133 executes control to discharge the subject. Specifically, the power controller 133 is configured to control the battery cell 11A and the internal capacitor of the high-voltage unit 105 in the battery pack 11, so that the internal capacitor is charged by the battery cell 11A and discharged through the electrode pads 14 and 15.

[0048] The detection unit 134 is configured to detect the subject's body movements. For example, the detection unit 134 is configured to acquire the impedance between a pair of electrode pads 14 and 15 and detect the subject's body movements based on changes in impedance. More specifically, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation following electrocardiogram analysis of the subject by the electrode pad controller 132 and discharge treatment of the subject by the power controller 133, the detection unit 134 uses, for example, the amplitude and period of impedance to detect the presence of the subject's body movements at one-second intervals.

[0049] After approximately two minutes of CPR, the electrode pad controller 132 causes the electrocardiogram analysis unit 106 to perform electrocardiogram analysis again. Following the electrocardiogram analysis, the power controller 133 executes control to perform another discharge procedure on the subject.

[0050] CPR period guidance output

[0051] As described above, the output controller 131 in AED 1 is configured to output voice data to the sound output unit 101 to provide guidance to rescuers. The guidance output of an AED during CPR according to a comparative example and the guidance output of AED 1 during CPR according to a first embodiment of the subject matter of this disclosure will be described below.

[0052] Explanation of comparative examples

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the guided output of an AED during CPR based on a comparative example. For example... Figure 3 As shown, in the AED based on the comparative example, firstly, the pre-start guide D0 is output before the CPR period begins. For example, as... Figure 3 As shown, approximately 7 seconds before the start of CPR, the voice message "You can touch my body. Please begin chest compressions and artificial respiration immediately" is output as pre-start guidance D0.

[0054] When CPR begins, a "Continue" command (D1) instructing continued chest compressions is output every "first time". The comparative example AED outputs a voice message such as "Please continue chest compressions and rescue breaths" as the "Continue" command (D1). For example, the "first time" is set according to the number of chest compressions and rescue breaths defined in the 2020 JRC Resuscitation Guidelines and is approximately 25 seconds.

[0055] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the timing starts from the output time of the pre-start guidance D0, and the first continuation command D1 is output 18 seconds after the start time of the CPR period. Subsequently, the continuation command D1 is output 44 seconds, 69 seconds, and 95 seconds after the start time of the CPR period.

[0056] Based on the comparative example, the AED was used at the scheduled time before the end of the CPR period (at... Figure 3 The example shown outputs guidance 115 seconds after the start of CPR to instruct rescuers to move away from the person being treated. For example, the AED outputs the voice message "Five repetitions remaining. Please remove from the body." as guidance.

[0057] Overview of AED Voice Notifications Based on the Subject Matter of this Publication

[0058] See you again Figure 2The output controller 131 of the AED 1 according to the subject of this disclosure is configured to change the guidance provided to rescuers regarding chest compressions based on whether there are body movements of the subject during the CPR period.

[0059] More specifically, when a subject's body movement is detected, the output controller 131 outputs a continue command D1 every first time interval, which is the same as or similar to the AED in the comparative example. On the other hand, if no body movement of the subject is detected after a second time interval, the output controller 131 determines that chest compressions have not been performed on the subject and outputs a start command D2 in advance of the continue command D1 to instruct the subject to begin chest compressions.

[0060] The first time interval is, for example, 25 seconds, including time points slightly offset from 25 seconds. The second time interval is shorter than the first time interval. The second time interval is, for example, 10 seconds, including time points slightly offset from 10 seconds.

[0061] Specifically, if the detection unit 134 does not detect any body movement of the subject within the last 10 seconds, the output controller 131 outputs a start command D2 for chest compressions. For example, it outputs a voice message such as "Please begin chest compressions immediately." as the start command D2. If the situation of not detecting any body movement of the subject continues, the output controller 131 outputs a start command D2 every second time interval (approximately 10 seconds) starting from the time point of the previous start command D2 output.

[0062] If no bodily movement of the subject is detected before the output time of the first start command D2 during the CPR period, the output controller 131 outputs a method notification D3 instead of the first start command D2 to inform the rescuer of the method of performing chest compressions. Specifically, the method notification D3 outputs voice information such as "Place the heel of your hand in the center of the chest and place your other hand on top of it. Keep your elbows straight and press down from directly above, in rhythm with the compression, sinking at least 5 centimeters."

[0063] Operating procedures

[0064] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of output guidance during the CPR period using an AED 1 according to a first embodiment of the subject matter of this disclosure. First, the output controller 131 outputs a pre-start guidance D0 before the CPR period begins, and then the CPR period begins (step S11). During the CPR period, the detection unit 134 detects, for example, the presence of bodily movements of the subject once per second.

[0065] Next, during the CPR period, the output controller 131 checks whether it is currently in the process of any of the following commands: pre-output start guide D0, continuation instruction D1, start instruction D2, and method notification D3, and further checks whether more than 10 seconds have passed since the last output time point (step S12).

[0066] Here, it is assumed that a guide is currently being output or that no more than 10 seconds have elapsed since the last guide output time (No in step S12). In this case, the output controller 131 does not output a guide, but instead executes the determination in step S12 again after, for example, a predetermined time.

[0067] On the other hand, assume that there is currently no output guidance and more than 10 seconds have passed since the last output time of guidance ("Yes" in step S12). In this case, the output controller 131 acquires the detection results of the detection unit 134 for the most recent 10 seconds (step S13).

[0068] Next, the output controller 131 checks whether chest compressions have been performed on the subject within the past 10 seconds based on the detection results obtained by the detection unit 134 (step S14). If the subject's body movement is detected within the past 10 seconds, the output controller 131 determines that chest compressions have been performed on the subject within the past 10 seconds ("Yes" in step S14) and outputs a continuation command D1 at a predetermined time point (step S15).

[0069] On the other hand, if no body movement of the subject is detected in the past 10 seconds, the output controller 131 determines that no chest compressions have been performed on the subject in the past 10 seconds ("No" in step S14). Then, the output controller 131 determines to guide the output of either the method notification D3 or the start command D2 (step S16).

[0070] For example, if no body movement is detected after the CPR period begins and the first start command D2 is not output, the output controller 131 determines the method notification D3 as a guide to be output ("method notification D3" in step S16). Then, the output controller 131 outputs the method notification D3 (step S17).

[0071] On the other hand, suppose there is a point in time after the start of CPR that detects body movement. In this case, the output controller 131 determines the start command D2 as the guide to be output ("start command D2" in step S16). Then, the output controller 131 outputs the start command D2 (step S18). Then, the operations in step S12 and subsequent steps are repeated until the end of CPR. A specific example of the guide output by the output controller 131 will be described below.

[0072] (Specific Example 1) Situations where body movements are detected throughout the CPR process

[0073] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 1) of the output guided by the AED 1 during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure. Here, it is assumed that throughout the CPR period, the output is controlled by the detection unit 134 (see...). Figure 2 The examinee's body movements were detected. Figure 5 In the image, the area indicating the period during which the subject's body movements were detected is shaded.

[0074] In this case, firstly, in AED 1, with Figure 3 The AED shown is the same as or similar to the comparative example, and a pre-start guide D0 is output approximately 7 seconds before the start of CPR. Timing begins from the output of pre-start guide D0, and a continuation command D1 is output approximately every 25 seconds. Figure 5 In the example shown, the continuation instruction D1 is output 18 seconds, 44 seconds, 69 seconds, and 95 seconds after the start of the CPR session.

[0075] (Specific Example 2) Situations where no body movement was detected throughout the CPR session.

[0076] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 2) of the output guided by an AED 1 during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure. Here, it is assumed that the detection unit 134 (see Figure 2 No physical movements of the examinee were detected.

[0077] In this scenario, in AED 1, a pre-start instruction D0 is output before the CPR period begins. Then, timing begins from the output of pre-start instruction D0, and since no body movement of the subject is detected until approximately 10 seconds have passed, a chest compression method instruction D3 is output instead of the initial start instruction D2. Figure 6 In the example shown, the method notification D3 is output four seconds after the start of the CPR period.

[0078] Then, since no body movement of the subject has been detected from the output time point of method notification D3 until approximately 10 seconds have passed, the output time point of the next start instruction D2 is reached. Figure 6 In the example shown, the output time of the next start instruction D2 is 14 seconds after the start time of the CPR period.

[0079] Here, when the output time of the start instruction D2 is included within the output period of the method notification D3, the output controller 131 outputs the start instruction D2 after the method notification D3 has been output. Figure 6In the example shown, the output time of the next start instruction D2 (i.e., 14 seconds after the start time of the CPR period) is included in the output period of the method notification D3. Therefore, the output controller 131 outputs the next start instruction D2 after the output of the method notification D3 is completed, specifically, 19 seconds after the start time of the CPR period.

[0080] After that, the start command D2 is output approximately every 10 seconds. Figure 6 In the example shown, the start command D2 is output 29, 39, 49, 59, 69, 79, 89 and 99 seconds after the start time of the CPR period.

[0081] (Specific Example 3) A situation where body movement is detected immediately after the start of CPR and no further body movement is subsequently detected.

[0082] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 3) of the output guided by an AED 1 during the CPR period according to the subject matter of this disclosure. Here, it is assumed that from the start of the CPR period to one second later, the detection unit 134 (see...) Figure 2 The test subject's body movement was detected, but no further body movement was detected one second later. Figure 7 In the image, the area indicating the period during which the subject's body movements were detected is shaded.

[0083] In this scenario, in AED 1, a pre-start instruction D0 is output before the start of CPR, and timing begins from the output time of pre-start instruction D0. Since the subject's body movement is detected at the output time of the first start instruction D2, no output will be given. Figure 6 The method shown notifies D3. At the time point when no further body movements of the subject are detected (at... Figure 7 The example shown represents a point in time where approximately 10 seconds have elapsed since the start of CPR (1 second after the start of the CPR session). Figure 7 In the example shown, the first start instruction D2 is output 11 seconds after the start time of the CPR period.

[0084] Subsequently, since no physical movement of the subject was detected, the start command D2 was output approximately every 10 seconds. Figure 7 In the example shown, the start command D2 is output 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, and 101 seconds after the start time of the CPR period.

[0085] (Specific Example 4) A situation where no body movement was detected until the middle of the CPR session, and then body movement was subsequently detected.

[0086] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 4) of the output guided by an AED 1 during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure. Here, it is assumed that unit 134 (see [reference]) is detected within 60 seconds after the start of CPR. Figure 2 No body movement was detected in the subject, but body movement was detected after 60 seconds. Figure 8 In the image, the area indicating the period during which the subject's body movements were detected is shaded.

[0087] In this scenario, in AED 1, a pre-start instruction D0 is output before the start of CPR. Then, during the period from the start of CPR to 59 seconds later, a method notification D3 is output 4 seconds after the start time of CPR, and a start instruction D2 is output at 19 seconds, 29 seconds, 39 seconds, 49 seconds, and 59 seconds later. Figure 6 The specific example shown is the same as or similar to Example 2.

[0088] Because body movements of the subject were detected 60 seconds after the start of CPR, therefore, compared with Figure 5 The situation is the same or similar to that in the specific example 1 shown, where the continue instruction D1 is output at a predetermined time point approximately every 25 seconds. Figure 8 In the example shown, the continuation instruction D1 is output 69 seconds and 95 seconds after the start of the CPR session.

[0089] (Specific Example 5) The case where the start instruction D2 is output at the output time of the continuation instruction D1.

[0090] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 5) of the output guided by an AED 1 during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure. Here, it is assumed that body movement of the subject is detected immediately after the start of CPR, then no body movement is detected for up to 42 seconds, and then body movement is detected again after 42 seconds. Figure 9 In the image, the area indicating the period during which the subject's body movements were detected is shaded.

[0091] In this case, output the pre-start guidance D0 before the start of CPR, and at the time point when no further body movements of the subject are detected ( Figure 9 In the example shown, approximately 10 seconds have elapsed since the start of CPR (2 seconds after the start time). Figure 9 In the example shown, the first start command D2 is output 12 seconds after the start time of the CPR session. Thereafter, the command is output approximately every 10 seconds. Figure 9 The example shown outputs the start command D2 once at 22, 32, and 42 seconds after the start time of the CPR period.

[0092] Since the subject's body movement is detected 42 seconds after the start of CPR, the continuation instruction D1 is output at predetermined time points approximately every 25 seconds thereafter. Here, it is assumed that 44 seconds after the start of CPR is the next output point for the continuation instruction D1. However, the output points for the continuation instruction D1 are included within the output period of the start instruction D2.

[0093] In this case, for example, Figure 9 As shown, the output controller 131 does not output the continuation instruction D1. This prevents the output of the continuation instruction D1 during the output of the start instruction D2. The output controller 131 can output the continuation instruction D1 after the output of the start instruction D2 has been completed.

[0094] (Specific Example 6) Case where body movement is detected during the output of the start instruction D2

[0095] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 6) of the output guided by an AED 1 during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure. Here, it is assumed that body movement of the subject is detected immediately after the start of CPR, then no further body movement is detected for up to 34 seconds, and then body movement is detected again after 34 seconds. Figure 10 In the image, the area indicating the period during which the subject's body movements were detected is shaded.

[0096] In this case, with Figure 9 The specific example shown is the same or similar to 5, outputting the pre-start guidance D0 before the CPR period begins, and at the time point when no more body movements of the subject are detected ( Figure 10 In the example shown, approximately 10 seconds have elapsed since the start of CPR (2 seconds after the start time). Figure 10 In the example shown, the first start command D2 is output 12 seconds after the start time of the CPR session. Thereafter, the command is output approximately every 10 seconds. Figure 10 The example shown outputs a start command D2 22 seconds and 32 seconds after the start time of the CPR period.

[0097] Since the subject's body movement is detected 35 seconds after the start of the CPR period, a continuation command D1 is output at predetermined time points approximately every 25 seconds thereafter. Here, it is assumed that 44 seconds after the start of the CPR period is the next output time point for the continuation command D1. It is also assumed that the output time point for the continuation command D1 is not included within the output period of the start command D2. In this case, the output controller 131 outputs the continuation command D1 at a time point 44 seconds after the start of the CPR period.

[0098] (Specific Example 7) The case where the continuous instruction D1 is output at the output time of the start instruction D2.

[0099] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example (specific example 7) of the output guided by an AED 1 during CPR according to the subject matter of this disclosure. Here, it is assumed that body movements of the subject were detected until 60 seconds after the start of CPR, and no further body movements of the subject were detected after 60 seconds. Figure 11 In the image, the area indicating the period during which the subject's body movements were detected is shaded.

[0100] In this scenario, a pre-start guide D0 is output before the CPR period begins. The timer starts from the output of pre-start guide D0, and a continuation command D1 is output approximately every 25 seconds. Figure 11 In the example shown, the continuation instruction D1 is output 18 seconds, 44 seconds, and 69 seconds after the start of the CPR session.

[0101] Since no further body movements were detected from the subject 60 seconds after the start of CPR, the time point approximately 10 seconds after the point when no further body movements were detected (in...) Figure 11 In the example shown, after 70 seconds from the start of the CPR period, the start command D2 is output approximately every 10 seconds.

[0102] However, in Figure 11 In the example shown, the output time of the next start instruction D2 ( Figure 11 In the example shown, 70 seconds after the start time of the CPR period is included in the output period of the continuation instruction D1. In this case, the output controller 131 causes the output of the start instruction D2 to wait until the output of the continuation instruction D1 is completed, and after the output of the continuation instruction D1 is completed ( Figure 11 In the example shown, the start instruction D2 is output 73 seconds after the start time of the CPR period. This prevents the simultaneous output of the continue instruction D1 and the start instruction D2.

[0103] If the start command D2 is output immediately after the continuation command D1 is completed, rescuers may have difficulty understanding the command content. Therefore, the output controller 131 can output the start command D2 after a predetermined time has elapsed since the continuation command D1 was output. This prevents the continuous output of the continuation command D1 and the start command D2, and avoids confusion for rescuers.

[0104] Output controller 131 may not output start instruction D2 immediately after consecutive instruction D1 (in Figure 11 In the example shown, the output of the start instruction D2 occurs 73 seconds after the start time of the CPR period.

[0105] When the output time of the start command D2 falls within the output period of the continue command D1, the output controller 131 can interrupt the output of the continue command D1 and output the start command D2. In this configuration, if no body movement has been detected in the last approximately 10 seconds, the start command D2 is output first without waiting for the output of the continue command D1 to complete, and thus more clearly prompts rescuers to resume chest compressions.

[0106] As described above, in AED 1, the detection unit 134 detects the subject's body movements during the CPR period after electrocardiogram analysis and discharge processing. During the CPR period, the output controller 131 issues instructions to rescuers to perform chest compressions on the subject based on the presence or absence of body movements. The output controller 131 outputs a continuation instruction D1 instructing continued chest compressions, and outputs the continuation instruction D1 again after a first time has elapsed since the previous continuation instruction D1 was output. If no body movements of the subject are continuously detected for a second time shorter than the first time, the output controller 131 outputs a start instruction D2 instructing the start of chest compressions, taking priority over the continuation instruction D1, and outputs the start instruction D2 again after a second time has elapsed.

[0107] This configuration prompts rescuers to begin chest compressions if no further chest compressions are performed on the subject, thus providing more appropriate support for rescuers' actions during the CPR period.

[0108] Since it is possible to determine whether chest compressions have been performed within a second time period, which is shorter than the first time period of the output period of the continuation instruction D1 for chest compressions, and to output the start instruction D2 when chest compressions have not been performed, the interruption time when chest compressions are interrupted can be shortened.

[0109] In AED 1, if no body movement of the subject is detected before the output time of the first start instruction D2 during the CPR period, the output controller 131 outputs a method notification D3 to inform the rescuer of the method of performing chest compressions.

[0110] With this configuration, since the method of chest compressions is explained before CPR begins, even if rescuers do not know how to perform chest compressions, they can still learn and perform them.

[0111] In AED 1, before the start of CPR, the output controller 131 outputs a pre-start guidance D0 for the subject's cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The output controller 131 starts timing from the output time of the pre-start guidance D0 to determine the output time of the first continuation command D1 and the first start command D2 during the CPR period.

[0112] This configuration allows the first continue command (D1) or the first start command (D2) to be output earlier after the start of CPR. When the chest compression method notification (D3) is output at the same time as the first start command (D2), the method notification (D3) can be output even earlier.

[0113] In AED 1, at the output time of one instruction, D1, and D2, while another instruction is being output, the output controller 131 outputs the first instruction after the output of the second instruction is completed.

[0114] This configuration prevents multiple commands from being output simultaneously.

[0115] In AED 1, the output controller 131 outputs the instruction after a predetermined time has elapsed since the output of another instruction was completed.

[0116] This configuration prevents multiple commands from being output consecutively and avoids confusing rescuers.

[0117] In AED 1, when the start instruction D2 is being output at the output time of the continue instruction D1, the output controller 131 can output the continue instruction D1 after the output of the start instruction D2 is completed. Also, when the continue instruction D1 is being output at the output time of the start instruction D2, the output controller 131 can interrupt the output of the continue instruction D1 and output the start instruction D2.

[0118] This configuration prevents the continue command D1 from being output during the output of the start command D2, and prioritizes the start command D2 over the continue command D1 if chest compressions on the subject are interrupted for more than a second time. Therefore, it more clearly prompts rescuers to resume chest compressions.

[0119] In AED 1, when the method notification D3 is being output at the output time of the start instruction D2, the output controller 131 outputs the start instruction D2 after the method notification D3 has been output.

[0120] This configuration prevents the start command D2 from being output during the output of the method notification D3. Since rescuers only hear the start command D2 after hearing the chest compression method, they can begin chest compressions even if they don't know the method.

[0121] Second Implementation Method

[0122] AED configuration

[0123] Hereinafter, an AED 11 will be described as an example of an automated external defibrillator according to the subject matter of this disclosure. Figure 12This is an external view of the AED 11 according to a second embodiment of the subject matter of this disclosure. (See image) Figure 12 As shown, the AED 11 may include an AED body 110, a battery pack 111, a cover 112, a cable 113, and a pair of electrode pads 114 and 115.

[0124] The battery pack 111 is configured to provide the AED body 110 with the power required to operate the AED body 110. For example, the battery pack 111 is detachably connected to the back side of the AED body 110.

[0125] The cover 112 is a structure that covers the AED body 110. When the cover 112 changes from the closed state to the open state, the main power of the AED 11 is turned on, and the AED 11 is activated. When the cover 112 changes from the open state to the closed state, the main power of the AED 11 is turned off. The AED 11 is not limited to a configuration where the main power is turned on / off with the opening and closing of the cover 112. For example, a power button can be provided on the AED body 110, which is configured to toggle the main power on / off.

[0126] Each electrode pad 114 and 115 can contain an adhesive gel. When the AED 11 is not in use, the electrode pads 114 and 115 are stored in a bag with release paper attached to each gel. For example, the bag containing the electrode pads 114 and 115 is attached to the inside of the cap 112. Rescuers using the AED 11 remove the bag from the cap 112 and take out the electrode pads 114 and 115 from the bag. The rescuers then apply the gel portion to the skin of the person being treated, with the electrode pads 114 and 115 peeled off from the release paper.

[0127] Cable 113 electrically connects the AED body 110 to electrode pads 114 and 115. With electrode pads 114 and 115 attached to the subject, the AED body 110 performs procedures on the subject such as electrocardiogram analysis and electric shock (hereinafter also referred to as "discharge treatment").

[0128] AED main body configuration

[0129] Next, the configuration of the AED body 110 will be described. Figure 13 It is shown Figure 12 The diagram shows the configuration of the AED 11. Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the AED body 110 may include a sound output unit 1101, a chest compression notification light (example of a display unit) 1102, and a release notification light (example of a display unit) 1103. Figure 13As shown, the AED body 110 may also include a memory 1104, a high-voltage unit 1105, an electrocardiogram analysis unit 1106, and a controller 1107. The memory 1104 is configured to store programs for controlling various operations of the AED 11.

[0130] When the AED 11 is activated, the controller 1107 reads and executes programs stored in the memory 1104, and controls various operations of the AED 11. The controller 1107 may include a central processing unit (CPU), read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive (HDD), etc. More specifically, the controller 1107 is configured to function as an output controller 1131, an electrode pad controller 1132, a power controller 1133, and a detection unit 1134. The output controller 1131 may include a display controller 1141 and a sound controller 1142.

[0131] The display controller 1141 is configured to control the illumination or flashing of the chest compression notification light 1102 and the disengagement notification light 1103.

[0132] The sound controller 1142 is configured to read sound data, such as voice guidance and alarm tones from the memory 1104, and output the read sound data to the sound output unit 1101. The sound output unit 1101 is, for example, a speaker. Upon receiving the sound data output from the output controller 1142, the sound output unit 1101 outputs voice guidance or alarm tones according to the sound data.

[0133] The electrode pad controller 1132 is configured to control the electrode pads 114 and 115 and the electrocardiogram analysis unit 1106, so that the electrocardiogram analysis unit 1106 performs electrocardiogram analysis. That is, the electrocardiogram analysis unit 1106 is configured to be controlled by the electrode pad controller 132 to perform electrocardiogram analysis on the subject through the electrode pads 114 and 115.

[0134] After the electrocardiogram analysis is performed by the electrode pad controller 1132, the power controller 1133 executes control to discharge the subject. Specifically, the power controller 1133 is configured to control the internal capacitors of the battery cell 111A and the high-voltage unit 1105 in the battery pack 111, so that the internal capacitors are charged by the battery cell 111A and discharged through the electrode pads 114 and 115.

[0135] The detection unit 1134 is configured to detect whether a rescuer is in contact with the subject. For example, the detection unit 1134 is configured to acquire the impedance between a pair of electrode pads 114 and 115 and detect whether the rescuer is in contact with the subject based on the change in impedance.

[0136] Details of the notification from the output controller

[0137] Operation Overview

[0138] Figure 14 It is shown Figure 13 The flowchart shown outlines the operation procedure of AED 11. (Refer to...) Figure 13 and Figure 14 First, assuming the main power supply of AED 11 is turned on (step S111), and electrode pads 114 and 115 are attached to the subject (step S112). In this case, the electrode pad controller 1132 controls the electrocardiogram analysis unit 1106 to perform electrocardiogram analysis, and the electrocardiogram analysis begins. That is, the weaning period begins (step S113).

[0139] When the disengagement period begins, the voice controller 1142 causes the voice output unit 1101 to output a voice guidance D1, such as "Please leave the body" (step S114).

[0140] Then, during the disengagement period from the start of the electrocardiogram analysis to the start of the discharge process described later, the display controller 1141 controls the flashing or illumination of the disengagement notification light 1103 (hereinafter referred to as "illumination control") to visually notify rescuers of the disengagement of the subject (step S115). At this time, the display controller 1141 changes, for example, the flashing cycle of the disengagement notification light 1103 based on the detection results obtained by the detection unit 1134 regarding whether the rescuers have made contact with the subject. This illumination control of the disengagement notification light 1103 is continuously executed from the beginning to the end of the disengagement period (step S115), which is the period from the start of the electrocardiogram analysis (step S113) to the start of the discharge process described later (step S118). Details of the illumination control of the disengagement notification light 1103 during the disengagement period will be described later.

[0141] Next, when the electrocardiogram analysis is completed, the power controller 1133 determines whether the subject needs to be subjected to a discharge procedure based on the results of the electrocardiogram analysis (step S116). Here, it is assumed that the power controller 1133 determines that a discharge procedure is required. In this case, the display controller 1141 causes the sound output unit 1101 to output a voice guidance D2, such as "An electric shock will be performed" (step S117).

[0142] Next, the electrode pad controller 1132 executes control to perform a discharge procedure on the subject (step S118). Then, while the subject is being discharged, the CPR period begins (step S119). If it is determined in step S116 that a discharge procedure is not required, the CPR period begins without performing a discharge procedure (step S118). When the CPR period begins, the voice controller 1142 in the output controller 1131 causes the voice output unit 1101 to output a voice guidance D3, such as "Please begin chest compressions and artificial respiration" (step S120).

[0143] Then, the display controller 1141 in the output controller 1131 controls the flashing or illumination of the chest compression notification light 1102 (hereinafter referred to as "illumination control") to visually notify rescuers to perform chest compressions on the subject during CPR (step S121). At this time, the display controller 1141 changes, for example, the flashing cycle of the chest compression notification light 1102 based on the detection results obtained by the detection unit 1134 regarding whether the rescuer is in contact with the subject. This illumination control of the chest compression notification light 1102 is continuously executed from the start of the CPR phase (step S119) to the end of the CPR phase (step S122), which will be described later (step S121). Details of the illumination control of the chest compression notification light 1102 during the CPR phase will be described later.

[0144] When the predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the CPR period, the CPR period ends (step S122). Then, the weaning period begins again, and the operations after S113 are repeated.

[0145] Disengage the notification light illumination control during the disengagement period.

[0146] Figure 15 It shows through Figure 13 The display controller 1141 shown controls the illumination of the disconnection notification light 1103 during the disconnection period. Figure 14 A table showing specific examples of step S115 is provided. (Refer to...) Figure 13 and Figure 15 During the disengagement period, the display controller 1141 performs control such that, for example, the flashing cycle of the disengagement notification light 1103 is shorter when contact with the subject is detected than when contact with the subject is not detected.

[0147] Specifically, when no contact with the subject is detected during the disengagement period, the disengagement notification light 1103 is controlled such that, for example, both the on-time and off-time are 160 ms and the flashing period is 320 ms. Conversely, when contact with the subject is detected during the disengagement period, the disengagement notification light 1103 is controlled such that, for example, both the on-time and off-time are 60 ms and the flashing period is 120 ms. In the following text, this control for shortening the flashing period is referred to as "accelerated flashing control".

[0148] Thus, during the evacuation period, when contact with the person being examined is detected, the flashing cycle of the evacuation notification light 1103 is shortened to approximately one-third compared to the case where no contact with the person being examined is detected. Therefore, the evacuation notification light 1103 becomes more conspicuous and easily visually noticeable, and thus more effectively alerts rescuers to evacuate the person being examined.

[0149] The display controller 1141 is not limited to controlling the flashing cycle of the detachment notification light 1103 to be different between the detection of contact with the subject and the absence of contact with the subject. For example, the display controller 1141 may change the illumination color of the detachment notification light 1103 between the detection of contact with the subject and the absence of contact with the subject.

[0150] Control of the chest compression notification light during CPR

[0151] Figure 16 It shows through Figure 13 The display controller 1141 shown controls the illumination of the chest compression notification light 1102 during CPR. Figure 14 A table showing specific examples of step S121) is provided. (Refer to...) Figure 13 and Figure 16 During the CPR period, if the detection unit 1134 does not detect contact between the rescuer and the person being treated, chest compressions may not be performed on the person being treated. Therefore, during the CPR period, the display controller 1141 performs control such that, for example, the flashing cycle of the chest compression notification light 1102 is shorter when no contact with the person being treated is detected than when contact with the person being treated is detected.

[0152] Specifically, when contact with the subject is detected during CPR, the chest compression notification light 1102 is controlled such that, for example, both the on and off times are 300 ms and the flashing period is 600 ms.

[0153] When contact with the person being treated is detected during CPR, the flashing cycle of the chest compression notification light 1102 is set based on the chest compression cycle defined in the 2020 JRC Resuscitation Guidelines. That is, the flashing of the chest compression notification light 1102 serves to notify the user of the timing of chest compressions. The user can set the on / off time, flashing cycle of the chest compression notification light 1102 when contact with the person being treated is detected during CPR.

[0154] On the other hand, it is assumed that no contact with the subject was detected during CPR. In this case, the chest compression notification light 1102 is controlled to flash faster, such that, for example, both the on and off times are 100 ms and the flashing period is 200 ms.

[0155] Thus, during CPR, when no contact with the person is detected, the flashing cycle of the chest compression notification light 1102 is shortened to approximately one-third compared to when contact with the person is detected. Therefore, the chest compression notification light 1102 becomes more conspicuous and easily visually noticed, thus more effectively prompting rescuers to perform chest compressions on the person.

[0156] Here, the disengagement instructions given to rescuers during the disengagement phase are more urgent and require extremely high visibility than the instructions given to rescuers for chest compressions during the CPR phase. Therefore, the flashing cycle (in...) when the disengagement notification light 1103 is activated by accelerating its flashing control... Figure 15 The example shown is 120ms, which is set to be shorter than the flashing period when the accelerated flashing controller of the chest compression notification light 1102 is executed (in Figure 16 The example shown is 200ms.

[0157] The display controller 1141 is not limited to controlling the flashing cycle of the chest compression notification light 1102 to be different between situations where contact with the subject is detected and situations where contact with the subject is not detected. For example, the display controller 1141 may change the illumination color of the chest compression notification light 1102 between situations where contact with the subject is detected and situations where contact with the subject is not detected.

[0158] Notifications via display

[0159] Refer again Figure 12 The AED body 110 may have a display (example of a display unit) 1110 installed at a location indicated by a dotted line or similar marking. In this case, Figure 13 The display controller 1141 shown causes the display 1110 to display characters such as "Please remove from body" during the disengagement period. The display controller 1141 causes the display 1110 to display characters such as "Please begin chest compressions and artificial respiration" during the CPR period.

[0160] Assuming that during the withdrawal period, the detection unit 1134 detects the subject's body movements. In this case, compared to the case where no body movements of the subject are detected, the display controller 1141 can change the display mode of the display 1110. For example, in addition to displaying characters, the display controller 1141 may also perform at least one of changing the background color of the display 1110, changing the background pattern of the display 1110, and changing the character color, or flashing the background or characters of the display 1110.

[0161] Therefore, when rescuers come into contact with the subject during the detachment period, the display 1110 becomes prominent and easily noticeable, thus enabling rescuers to more effectively detach from the subject.

[0162] Suppose that during CPR, the detection unit 1134 does not detect any body movements of the subject. In this case, compared to the case where body movements of the subject are detected, the display controller 1141 can change the display mode of the display 1110. For example, in addition to displaying characters, the display controller 1141 may also perform at least one of changing the background color of the display 1110, changing the background pattern of the display 1110, and changing the character color, or flashing the background or characters of the display 1110.

[0163] Therefore, when rescuers are not in contact with the person being treated during CPR, i.e. when chest compressions are not being performed, the display 1110 becomes more visible and easily noticeable, thus more effectively prompting rescuers to perform chest compressions on the person being treated.

[0164] As described above, in the AED 11 according to the second embodiment of the subject matter of this disclosure, the detection unit 1134 detects whether the rescuer has made contact with the person being tested. The display controller 1141 changes the flashing period or illuminated color of the display units such as the chest compression notification light 1102, the release notification light 1103, and the display 1110 provided in the AED 11 based on the detection result obtained by the detection unit 1134.

[0165] In this way, by changing the flashing cycle or illuminated color of the display unit according to whether the rescuer is in contact with the person being examined, the rescuer can be more effectively instructed.

[0166] In AED 11, display controller 1141 performs control to flash or turn on display units such as the disengagement notification light 1103 and display 1110 during the disengagement period, from the start of electrocardiogram analysis of the subject to the start of discharge treatment. Display controller 1141 controls the flashing period or illuminated color of the display units during the disengagement period to differentiate between situations where contact with the subject is detected and situations where contact with the subject is not detected.

[0167] With this configuration, when rescuers come into contact with the person being examined during the detachment period, the flashing cycle or the illuminated color of display units such as the detachment notification light 1103 and the display 1110 changes, thus enabling rescuers to more effectively alert the person being examined.

[0168] In AED 11, the display controller 1141 performs control to flash the disengagement notification light 1103 during the disengagement period. During the disengagement period, the display controller 1141 performs control such that when contact with the subject is detected, the flashing period of the disengagement notification light 1103 is shorter than when no contact with the subject is detected during the disengagement period.

[0169] In this way, when rescuers come into contact with the person being examined during the detachment period, by shortening the flashing cycle of the detachment notification light 1103 and making the detachment notification light 1103 more conspicuous, the rescuers can easily notice that the rescuers are about to detach from the person being examined.

[0170] In AED 11, display controller 1141 performs control to flash or turn on display units such as chest compression notification light 1102 and display 1110 during the CPR period following the discharge of the subject. Display controller 1141 performs control such that the flashing period or illuminated color of the display units differs between situations where no contact with the subject is detected and situations where contact with the subject is detected during the CPR period.

[0171] With this configuration, when rescuers are not in contact with the person being treated during CPR, i.e., when chest compressions are not being performed, the flashing cycle or illuminated color of display units such as the chest compression notification light 1102 and the display 1110 changes, thus more effectively prompting rescuers to perform chest compressions.

[0172] In AED 1, the display controller 1141 performs control to flash the chest compression notification light 1102 during the CPR period. During the CPR period, the display controller 1141 performs control such that when no contact with the subject is detected, the flashing period of the chest compression notification light 1102 is shorter than when contact with the subject is detected.

[0173] In this way, when rescuers are not in contact with the person being treated during CPR, i.e. when chest compressions are not being performed, by shortening the flashing cycle of the chest compression notification light 1102 and making the chest compression notification light 1102 more conspicuous, rescuers can easily notice that chest compressions are needed.

[0174] The foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Numerous modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Embodiments have been selected and described to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, and thus to enable others skilled in the art to understand the various embodiments of the invention and the various modifications suitable for the intended particular use. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automated external defibrillator (AED) for performing electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis and discharge processing on a subject, the AED comprising: A detection unit configured to detect the subject’s body movements during the electrocardiogram analysis and the cardiopulmonary resuscitation period following the discharge treatment; as well as An output controller is configured to, during the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) period, output instructions to rescuers regarding chest compressions on the subject, based on whether the subject is moving. The output controller is configured as follows: Outputs a continue command to instruct the user to continue chest compressions; If a period of time has elapsed since the last continue command was output, the continue command is output again. If no body movement of the subject is detected for a period of time shorter than the first time, a start command to instruct the commencement of chest compressions is output, taking precedence over the continue command; and If the second time has elapsed since the last start command was output, the start command is output again.

2. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 1, in, The output controller is configured to output a method notification for conveying the method of chest compressions to the rescuers if no physical movement of the subject is detected during the cardiopulmonary resuscitation period until the output time of the first start command.

3. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 1 or 2, in, The output controller is configured as follows: Before the start of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) period, provide guidance related to CPR for the subject; and The timing is used to determine the output time of the first continue command and the first start command during the cardiopulmonary resuscitation period, starting from the output time point of the guidance.

4. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 1 or 2, in, If one of the continue instruction and the start instruction is being output at the same time point as the other instruction in the continue instruction and the start instruction, the output controller is configured to output the other instruction after the output of the first instruction is completed.

5. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 4, in, The output controller is configured to output the other instruction after a predetermined time has elapsed after the output of the first instruction is completed.

6. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 1 or 2, in, The output controller is configured as follows: If the start instruction is being output at the time the continue instruction is being output, the continue instruction is output after the start instruction has been completed. If the continue instruction is being output at the time when the start instruction is being output, interrupt the output of the continue instruction and output the start instruction instead.

7. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 2, in, The output controller is configured to output the start command after the output of the method notification is completed, provided that the method notification is being output at the time when the start command is being output.

8. An automated external defibrillator (AED) for performing electrocardiogram analysis and discharge processing on a subject, the AED comprising: A detection unit configured to detect whether rescue personnel have made contact with the person being tested; as well as A display controller is configured to change the flashing period or illuminated color of a display unit located on the automated external defibrillator based on the detection results obtained by the detection unit.

9. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 8, in, The display controller is configured as follows: During the disengagement period from the start of the electrocardiogram analysis of the subject to the start of the discharge process, control is performed to make the display unit flash or turn on. as well as During the disengagement period, control is performed such that the blinking period or illuminated color of the display unit differs between the case where the contact is detected and the case where the contact is not detected.

10. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 9, in, The display unit is a light located on the automated external defibrillator, and The display controller is configured as follows: During the disengagement period, control is performed to make the light flash; and During the disengagement period, control is performed such that the flashing period of the lamp is shorter when the contact is detected than when the contact is not detected.

11. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 8, in, The display controller is configured as follows: During the cardiopulmonary resuscitation period following the discharge treatment of the subject, control is executed to make the display unit flash or turn on. as well as During the cardiopulmonary resuscitation period, control is executed such that the flashing period or illuminated color of the display unit differs between the case where the contact is not detected and the case where the contact is detected.

12. The automated external defibrillator according to claim 11, in, The display unit is a light located on the automated external defibrillator, and The display controller is configured as follows: During the cardiopulmonary resuscitation period, control is executed to make the light flash; and During the cardiopulmonary resuscitation period, control is executed such that the flashing period of the light is shorter when the contact is not detected than when the contact is detected.

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