Aluminum casting waste processing equipment and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aluminum casting waste regeneration, and particularly discloses aluminum casting waste processing treatment equipment and method.The aluminum casting waste processing treatment equipment comprises a pre-crushing unit, a multi-stage impurity removal unit, a drying unit, a fine crushing unit, a quantitative feeding unit, a smelting purification unit and a waste heat recovery unit which are sequentially arranged in the waste conveying direction; all the units are connected through a sealing structure; the pre-crushing unit is a double-shaft shearing type crusher and is used for preliminarily crushing aluminum casting materials, the multi-stage impurity removal unit is used for removing impurities in the materials, the drying unit is used for drying the materials subjected to impurity removal, the fine crushing unit is used for further crushing the materials, and the drying unit is used for drying the materials subjected to impurity removal. The quantitative feeding unit is used for quantitatively conveying materials to the smelting and purifying unit, the smelting and purifying unit is used for smelting the finely crushed materials, and the waste heat recovery unit is used for guiding waste heat generated by the smelting and purifying unit to the multi-stage impurity removal unit. The method has the effect of more environment-friendly and energy-saving aluminum casting waste regeneration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum casting waste recycling technology, and in particular to a waste processing equipment and method for aluminum castings. Background Technology

[0002] In the aluminum casting manufacturing industry, the processing and treatment of waste materials is crucial. Currently, traditional aluminum casting waste processing methods suffer from numerous problems. Firstly, the crushing equipment typically used for aluminum casting waste consumes a lot of energy, increasing production costs. Secondly, the waste often lacks a preheating process before smelting, requiring more energy to raise the material temperature during the smelting process, further increasing smelting costs. Moreover, existing waste processing procedures may lack a systematic approach; each processing step is relatively independent, lacking effective coordination and integration, resulting in low efficiency in processes such as impurity removal, drying, and crushing, affecting the overall waste processing effectiveness. Furthermore, the waste heat generated during smelting is often not effectively recovered and utilized, leading to energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To make the recycling of aluminum casting waste more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient, this application provides a waste processing equipment and method for aluminum castings.

[0004] Firstly, the waste processing equipment for aluminum castings provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A waste processing device for aluminum castings includes a pre-crushing unit, a multi-stage impurity removal unit, a drying unit, a fine crushing unit, a quantitative feeding unit, a smelting and purification unit, and a waste heat recovery unit arranged sequentially along the waste conveying direction. Each unit is connected by a sealed structure. The pre-crushing unit is a twin-shaft shear crusher used for initial crushing of the aluminum casting material. The multi-stage impurity removal unit removes impurities from the material. The drying unit dries the material after impurity removal. The fine crushing unit further crushes the material. The quantitative feeding unit quantitatively feeds material to the smelting and purification unit, which then smelts the finely crushed material. The waste heat recovery unit directs the waste heat generated by the smelting and purification unit to the multi-stage impurity removal unit.

[0006] Optionally, the multi-stage impurity removal unit sequentially includes a gravity impurity removal section, a magnetic separation impurity removal section, an air separation impurity removal section, and a drum brushing impurity removal section; the gravity impurity removal section is used to receive the material crushed by the pre-crushing unit and remove large inorganic impurities such as sand and ceramic blocks from the material; the magnetic separation impurity removal section is used to receive the material conveyed by the gravity impurity removal section and remove magnetic metal impurities such as iron filings and steel sleeves from the material; the air separation impurity removal section is used to receive the material conveyed by the magnetic separation impurity removal section and remove light impurities such as oil, paint, and dust from the surface of the material by using hot air; the drum brushing impurity removal section is used to receive the material conveyed by the air separation impurity removal section and remove residual molding sand and fine dust adhering to the surface of the material.

[0007] Optionally, the gravity impurity removal section is equipped with a double-layer vibrating screen, with the upper layer having a larger aperture than the lower layer, and the double-layer vibrating screen is driven by a vibrating motor with variable frequency drive; the discharge port of the dual-shaft shear crusher is connected to an inclined discharge bin, the bottom of which extends to the feed end of the gravity impurity removal section.

[0008] Optionally, the magnetic separation and impurity removal section includes a first conveyor belt, a rotating mechanism, a mounting base, and an electromagnetic rod; one end of the first conveyor belt is disposed below the lower screen, the rotating mechanism is mounted on one side of the first conveyor belt for driving the mounting base to rotate, one end of the electromagnetic rod is mounted on the mounting base, horizontally disposed above the first conveyor belt and perpendicular to the conveying direction of the first conveyor belt, and an energized coil is wound around the end of the electromagnetic rod mounted on the mounting base, and the energization of the coil causes the electromagnetic rod to generate magnetism.

[0009] Optionally, the bottom surface of the mounting base is provided with a through groove, and two rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the through groove. Driven gears are coaxially connected to the circumference of the rotating shafts. A swing motor is mounted on the side of the mounting base. The output shaft of the swing motor passes through the mounting base and is coaxially connected to the circumference of its drive gear. The drive gear is located in the through groove and between the two driven gears and meshes with the two driven gears. There are two electromagnetic rods. The ends of the two electromagnetic rods are respectively fixedly connected to the circumference of the two rotating shafts. The two electromagnetic rods are symmetrically arranged about the output shaft of the swing motor. The driven gears are located in the pre-set notches at the ends of the electromagnetic rods.

[0010] Optionally, the end of the electromagnetic rod is arc-shaped, and a mounting hole is provided radially along the arc-shaped end of the electromagnetic rod. A housing is installed in the mounting hole, and a slide rod is slidably connected inside the housing. A positive electrode spring is connected to the circumference of the slide rod, and a negative electrode spring is installed on the inner wall of the end of the housing near the opening of the mounting hole. A spring is provided inside the housing, with one end of the spring pressed against the inner wall of the end away from the negative electrode spring, and the other end of the spring pressed against the side of the positive electrode spring away from the negative electrode spring. The spring and the positive electrode spring are in insulated contact. The positive electrode spring is connected to the positive terminal of the coil circuit, and the negative electrode spring is connected to the negative terminal of the coil circuit. A roller is rotatably connected to the outer end of the slide rod, and an arc-shaped groove is provided on the inner wall of the through groove for the arc-shaped end of the electromagnetic rod to rotate. The straight distance between the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove and the rotating shaft gradually increases from the vertical state of the slide rod to the horizontal state, and the roller rolls on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove. When the slide rod is in the horizontal state, the positive electrode spring and the negative electrode spring are in contact.

[0011] Optionally, the rotating mechanism includes a rotary motor, a first pulley assembly, a rotating shaft, and a support frame; a cross plate is installed on the side of the first conveyor belt, the rotary motor is installed on the top surface of the cross plate, the top of the support frame is installed on the bottom surface of the mounting base, the top end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support frame, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the top surface of the cross plate; the two synchronous pulleys of the first pulley assembly are coaxially connected to the rotating shaft and the output shaft of the rotary motor, respectively.

[0012] Optionally, the support frame includes an inner frame, an outer frame, a lifting motor, a screw, a connecting seat, and a second pulley assembly; the connecting seat is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating shaft, the outer frame is mounted on the top surface of the connecting seat, the inner frame is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer frame, and the top of the inner frame is connected to the bottom surface of the mounting seat; the bottom end of the screw is rotatably connected to the bottom of the outer frame, the screw passes through the bottom of the inner frame, and the bottom of the inner frame is threadedly driven by the screw; the lifting motor is mounted on the side of the outer frame, and the two synchronous pulleys of the second pulley assembly are coaxially connected to the output shaft of the lifting motor and the bottom end of the screw, respectively.

[0013] Optionally, the air-separation impurity removal section includes a second conveyor belt, an upper cover, and a lower cover; the second conveyor belt connects to the discharge end of the first conveyor belt, and the belt body of the second conveyor belt has a mesh structure; the upper cover is installed on the top surface of the frame of the second conveyor belt, and two negative pressure fans are installed on the top surface of the upper cover, with exhaust pipes connected to the negative pressure fans; the lower cover is installed on the bottom surface of the frame of the second conveyor belt, and an air inlet pipe is connected to the bottom surface of the lower cover, with a hot air generator installed on the air inlet pipe; the drum brushing impurity removal section includes a third conveyor belt, a fourth conveyor belt, an upper shell, and a lower shell; the third conveyor belt connects to the discharge end of the second conveyor belt. The fourth conveyor belt connects to the discharge end of the third conveyor belt, and the feed end of the fourth conveyor belt is located below the discharge end of the third conveyor belt. The upper shell is installed on the top surface of the frame of the third and fourth conveyor belts, and the lower shell is installed on the bottom surface of the frame of the third and fourth conveyor belts. Two spray pipes and a brush roller are provided above the third and fourth conveyor belts. The brush roller is located between the two spray pipes, and the brush roller is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the upper shell and driven by a motor. The spray pipes are installed on the inner wall of the upper shell and are connected to an external water channel. A drain pipe is connected to the bottom surface of the lower shell.

[0014] Secondly, the method for processing scrap aluminum castings provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0015] A method for processing scrap aluminum castings includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Pre-crushing treatment

[0017] A twin-shaft shear crusher is used to initially crush aluminum casting waste. The crushed material is then conveyed through an inclined discharge bin to the gravity removal section of a multi-stage impurity removal unit.

[0018] Step 2: Multi-stage impurity removal treatment

[0019] This step involves a four-stage linkage impurity removal process, which consists of the following operations performed sequentially:

[0020] 2.1 Gravity impurity removal: Materials are screened by a double-layer vibrating screen to retain small pieces of material and remove large inorganic impurities such as sand and ceramic blocks; at the same time, the residual heat of smelting is used to preheat the materials to reduce subsequent energy consumption;

[0021] 2.2 Magnetic separation for impurity removal: Magnetic metal impurities in the material are adsorbed by switchable electromagnetic rods. After adsorption saturation, the power is cut off and the material is unloaded, thus completing the removal of magnetic impurities.

[0022] 2.3 Air separation for impurity removal: Hot air is used to blow away oil stains and carbonized coatings from the material surface, and negative pressure adsorption is used to remove carbonized impurities and dust.

[0023] 2.4 Drum washing and impurity removal: The material is thoroughly washed twice by spraying and brushing rollers (the material is turned over), so as to completely remove residual molding sand and fine dust from the surface. Wastewater is discharged in a centralized manner.

[0024] Step 3: Drying treatment

[0025] The material after multi-stage impurity removal is sent to the drying unit to complete the drying process and remove residual moisture from the surface of the material.

[0026] Step 4: Fine crushing process

[0027] The dried material enters the fine crushing unit for further crushing, making the material particles finer and facilitating subsequent smelting operations.

[0028] Step 5: Quantitative feeding process

[0029] The finely crushed material is fed into a quantitative feeding unit for storage, and from this unit, the material is quantitatively and stably fed to the smelting and purification unit to ensure smelting efficiency and stability.

[0030] Step 6: Smelting and purification treatment

[0031] The finely crushed material is fed in a fixed quantity into the smelting and purification unit to complete the smelting process and obtain high-purity recycled aluminum liquid;

[0032] Step 7: Waste Heat Recovery and Utilization

[0033] The high-temperature airflow generated by the smelting and purification unit is guided through pipelines to the gravity removal section of the multi-stage impurity removal unit to preheat the pre-crushed material, increase the material temperature, and reduce the energy consumption of subsequent fine crushing and smelting heating.

[0034] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0035] 1. The pre-crushing unit crushes the aluminum castings. The crushed material is then conveyed to a multi-stage impurity removal unit, which removes non-aluminum casting impurities. The material is then conveyed to a fine crushing unit for further crushing, making the material even finer. Subsequently, the material is conveyed to a quantitative feeding unit for storage. The quantitative feeding unit then feeds the material quantitatively to the smelting and purification unit, where it is smelted again. During the smelting process, a high-temperature gas flow is generated. This high-temperature gas flow is guided through pipelines to the multi-stage impurity removal unit, where it preheats the crushed material, raising its temperature and reducing subsequent crushing and smelting heating energy consumption. This solves the problems of high energy consumption in traditional crushing and high smelting costs due to the lack of preheating.

[0036] 2. Through a four-stage linkage of gravity removal, magnetic separation, air separation, and drum brushing, impurities are removed simultaneously, including large inorganic particles, magnetic metals, oil and dust, and surface-adhered impurities, thus solving the problem of low purity of recycled aluminum liquid caused by incomplete traditional impurity removal. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the processing device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-stage cleaning unit in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the multi-stage cleaning unit in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage cleaning unit from another perspective in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic separation and impurity removal section in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the magnetic separation and impurity removal section in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the mounting base according to an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the end cross-sectional structure of the electromagnetic rod according to an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A magnified structural diagram of part B.

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0048] 01. Pre-crushing unit; 02. Multi-stage impurity removal unit; 03. Drying unit; 04. Fine crushing unit; 05. Quantitative feeding unit; 06. Smelting and purification unit; 07. Waste heat recovery unit; 1. Gravity impurity removal section; 11. Screen; 12. Vibrating motor; 13. Discharge bin; 14. Airflow branch pipe; 15. Airflow main pipe; 2. Magnetic separation impurity removal section; 21. First conveyor belt; 211. Horizontal plate; 212. Protective shell; 213. Bin body; 214. Discharge port; 22. Rotating mechanism; 221. Rotary motor; 222. First pulley assembly; 223. Rotating shaft; 224. Support frame; 2241. Inner frame; 2242. Outer frame; 2243. Lifting motor; 2244. Screw; 2245. Connecting seat; 2246. Second pulley assembly; 23. Mounting base; 231. Through groove; 232. Rotating shaft; 233. Driven gear; 234. Swing motor; 235. Drive gear; 236. Arc groove; 24. Electromagnetic rod; 241. Mounting hole; 3. Air separation and impurity removal section; 31. Second conveyor belt; 32. Upper cover; 321. Negative pressure fan; 322. Exhaust pipe; 33. Lower cover; 331. Air inlet pipe; 332. Hot air generator; 4. Drum brush cleaning and impurity removal section; 41. Third conveyor belt; 42. Fourth conveyor belt; 43. Upper shell; 44. Lower shell; 441. Drain pipe; 45. Spray pipe; 46. Brush roller; 5. Housing; 51. Slide rod; 52. Positive electrode spring; 53. Negative electrode spring; 54. Spring; 55. Roller. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-10 This application will be described in further detail.

[0050] This application discloses a waste processing equipment and method for aluminum castings. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The processing equipment includes a pre-crushing unit 01, a multi-stage impurity removal unit 02, a drying unit 03, a fine crushing unit 04, a quantitative feeding unit 05, a smelting and purification unit 06, and a waste heat recovery unit 07 arranged sequentially along the waste conveying direction. Each unit is connected by a sealed structure. The pre-crushing unit 01 is a twin-shaft shear crusher for preliminary crushing of the material, which is aluminum castings. The multi-stage impurity removal unit 02 removes impurities from the material. The drying unit 03 is used to dry the material after impurity removal. The fine crushing unit 04 is used for further crushing of the material. The quantitative feeding unit 05 is used to quantitatively feed the material to the smelting and purification unit 06. The smelting and purification unit 06 is used for smelting the finely crushed material. The waste heat recovery unit 07 is used to guide the waste heat generated by the smelting and purification unit 06 to the multi-stage impurity removal unit 02.

[0051] The pre-crushing unit 01 crushes the aluminum castings. The crushed material is then conveyed to the multi-stage impurity removal unit 02, which removes non-aluminum casting impurities. The material with impurities removed is then conveyed to the fine crushing unit 04, which further crushes the material to make it finer. The material is then conveyed to the quantitative feeding unit 05 for storage. The quantitative feeding unit 05 then quantitatively feeds the material to the smelting and purification unit 06, which remelts the material. During the smelting process, a high-temperature airflow is generated. This high-temperature airflow is guided through pipelines to the multi-stage impurity removal unit 02, where it preheats the crushed material, raising its temperature and reducing subsequent crushing and smelting heating energy consumption. This solves the problems of high energy consumption in traditional crushing and high smelting costs due to the lack of preheating.

[0052] The multi-stage impurity removal unit 02 sequentially includes a gravity impurity removal section 1, a magnetic separation impurity removal section 2, an air separation impurity removal section 3, and a drum brushing impurity removal section 4. The gravity impurity removal section 1 is used to receive the material crushed by the pre-crushing unit 01 and is used to remove large inorganic impurities such as sand and ceramic blocks from the material. The magnetic separation impurity removal section 2 is used to receive the material conveyed by the gravity impurity removal section 1 and is used to remove magnetic metal impurities such as iron filings and steel sleeves from the material. The air separation impurity removal section 3 is used to receive the material conveyed by the magnetic separation impurity removal section 2 and uses hot air to remove light impurities such as oil, paint, and dust from the surface of the material. The drum brushing impurity removal section 4 is used to receive the material conveyed by the air separation impurity removal section 3 and is used to remove residual molding sand and fine dust adhering to the surface of the material.

[0053] The four-stage linkage of gravity impurity removal section 1, magnetic separation impurity removal section 2, air separation impurity removal section 3, and drum brushing impurity removal section 4 simultaneously removes inorganic large particles, magnetic metals, oil stains, dust, and surface-adhered impurities, solving the problem of low purity of recycled aluminum liquid caused by incomplete impurity removal in traditional methods.

[0054] The gravity impurity removal section 1 is equipped with a double-layer vibrating screen 11, with the upper layer having a larger aperture than the lower layer. The double-layer vibrating screen 11 is driven by a vibrating motor 12 via frequency conversion. The discharge port of the dual-shaft shear crusher is connected to an inclined discharge bin 13, with the bottom of the discharge bin 13 extending to the feed end of the gravity impurity removal section 1.

[0055] The vibrating motor 12 drives the double-layer vibrating screen 11 to vibrate, leaving large pieces of material in the upper layer, while small pieces of material, along with large inorganic impurities such as molding sand blocks and ceramic blocks, fall into the lower layer for further screening. The small pieces of material remain on the lower screen 11, while large inorganic impurities such as molding sand blocks and ceramic blocks are removed. The screened impurities are collected through a sealed slag discharge port.

[0056] The gravity impurity removal section 1 is connected to an airflow branch pipe 14 on its side. The airflow branch pipe 14 is located below the lower screen 11. The airflow branch pipe 14 collects the hot airflow from the smelting and purification unit 06 through the main airflow pipe 15. The hot airflow generated by the smelting and purification unit 06 is transported to the gravity impurity removal section 1 to preheat the material.

[0057] The magnetic separation and impurity removal section 2 includes a first conveyor belt 21, a rotating mechanism 22, a mounting base 23, and an electromagnetic rod 24. One end of the first conveyor belt 21 is located below the lower screen 11. The rotating mechanism 22 is installed on one side of the first conveyor belt 21 and is used to drive the mounting base 23 to rotate. One end of the electromagnetic rod 24 is installed on the mounting base 23. The electromagnetic rod 24 is horizontally located above the first conveyor belt 21 and perpendicular to the conveying direction of the first conveyor belt 21. An energized coil is wound around the end of the electromagnetic rod 24 installed on the mounting base 23. When the coil is energized, the electromagnetic rod 24 generates magnetism.

[0058] The bottom surface of the mounting base 23 is provided with a through groove 231. Two rotating shafts 232 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the through groove 231. Driven gears 233 are coaxially connected to the circumference of the rotating shafts 232. A swing motor 234 is mounted on the side of the mounting base 23. The output shaft of the swing motor 234 passes through the mounting base 23. A driving gear 235 is coaxially connected to the circumference of the output shaft of the swing motor 234. The driving gear 235 is located in the through groove 231 and between the two driven gears 233, and meshes with the two driven gears 233. There are two electromagnetic rods 24. The ends of the two electromagnetic rods 24 are respectively fixedly connected to the circumference of the two rotating shafts 232. The two electromagnetic rods 24 are symmetrically arranged about the output shaft of the swing motor 234. The driven gears 233 are located in the pre-set notches at the ends of the electromagnetic rods 24.

[0059] In the removal of magnetic metal impurities, one electromagnetic rod 24 is laid across the first conveyor belt 21, and the coil on the electromagnetic rod 24 is energized, making the electromagnetic rod 24 magnetic and adsorbing magnetic metal impurities in the material; the other electromagnetic rod 24 is set vertically downwards, and its coil is de-energized; when the electromagnetic rod 24 laid across the first conveyor belt 21 has adsorbed enough magnetic metal impurities, the rotating mechanism 22 drives the mounting base 23 to rotate 90° first, so that the horizontal electromagnetic rod 24 moves away from the first conveyor belt 21, and then the swing motor 234 immediately drives the drive gear 235. The drive gear 235 rotates, driving two driven gears 233 to rotate, which in turn rotate via the shaft 232. The shaft 232 drives the horizontal electromagnetic rod 24 to rotate downwards by 90°, making it hang vertically and de-energizing the coil, allowing the adsorbed magnetic metal impurities to fall off naturally. At the same time, another shaft 232 drives the vertical electromagnetic plate to rotate upwards by 90°, immediately energizing the coil. The rotating mechanism 22 drives the mounting base 23 to rotate another 90°, so that the electromagnetic rod 24 spans across the first conveyor belt 21, continuing to adsorb magnetic metal impurities from the conveyed material.

[0060] The end of the electromagnetic rod 24 is arc-shaped, and a mounting hole 241 is provided radially along the arc-shaped end of the electromagnetic rod 24. A housing 5 is installed in the mounting hole 241, and a slide rod 51 is slidably connected inside the housing 5. A positive electrode spring 52 is connected to the circumference of the slide rod 51. A negative electrode spring 53 is installed on the inner wall of the end of the housing 5 near the opening of the mounting hole 241. A spring 54 is provided inside the housing 5. One end of the spring 54 is pressed against the inner wall of the end away from the negative electrode spring 53, and the other end of the spring 54 is pressed against the side of the positive electrode spring 52 away from the negative electrode spring 53. The positive electrode spring 52 is insulated from the positive electrode spring 53, which is connected to the positive terminal of the coil circuit. The negative electrode spring 53 is connected to the negative terminal of the coil circuit. A roller 55 is rotatably connected to the outer end of the slide rod 51. An arc-shaped groove 236 is provided on the inner wall of the through groove 231 to allow the arc-shaped end of the electromagnetic rod 24 to rotate. The straight distance between the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove 236 and the rotating shaft 232 gradually increases from the vertical state of the slide rod 51 to the horizontal state. The roller 55 rolls on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove 236. When the slide rod 51 is in the horizontal state, the positive electrode spring 52 and the negative electrode spring 53 are in contact.

[0061] When the electromagnetic rod 24 is in a horizontal state, the slide bar 51 is also in a horizontal state. Under the action of the spring 54 pushing the positive electrode spring 52, the positive electrode spring 52 and the negative electrode spring 53 are in contact, realizing the circuit conduction. The roller 55 is always in contact with the inner wall of the arc groove 236. When the driving electromagnetic plate rotates from horizontal to vertical, the roller 55 rolls on the inner wall of the arc groove 236. Under the pressure of the inner wall of the arc groove 236, the roller 55 pushes the slide bar 51. The slide bar 51 pushes the positive electrode spring 52 and compresses the spring 54, causing the positive electrode spring 52 and the negative electrode spring 53 to separate, thus realizing the circuit disconnection. When the electromagnetic rod 24 rotates from vertical to horizontal again, under the action of the spring 54, the positive electrode spring 52 and the negative electrode spring 53 are in contact, realizing the circuit conduction.

[0062] The rotating mechanism 22 includes a rotary motor 221, a first pulley assembly 222, a rotating shaft 223, and a support frame 224. A horizontal plate 211 is installed on the side of the first conveyor belt 21. The rotary motor 221 is installed on the top surface of the horizontal plate 211. The top of the support frame 224 is installed on the bottom surface of the mounting base 23. The top end of the rotating shaft 223 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support frame 224, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft 223 is rotatably connected to the top surface of the horizontal plate 211. The two synchronous pulleys of the first pulley assembly 222 are coaxially connected to the rotating shaft 223 and the output shaft of the rotary motor 221, respectively.

[0063] The support frame 224 includes an inner frame 2241, an outer frame 2242, a lifting motor 2243, a screw 2244, a connecting seat 2245, and a second pulley assembly 2246. The connecting seat 2245 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating shaft 223. The outer frame 2242 is installed on the top surface of the connecting seat 2245. The inner frame 2241 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer frame 2242, and the top of the inner frame 2241 is connected to the bottom surface of the mounting seat 23. The bottom end of the screw 2244 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the outer frame 2242. The screw 2244 passes through the bottom of the inner frame 2241, and the bottom of the inner frame 2241 is threadedly driven by the screw 2244. The lifting motor 2243 is installed on the side of the outer frame 2242. The two synchronous pulleys of the second pulley assembly 2246 are coaxially connected to the output shaft of the lifting motor 2243 and the bottom end of the screw 2244, respectively.

[0064] The rotary motor 221 drives the rotating shaft 223 to rotate via the first pulley assembly 222. The rotating shaft 223 drives the support frame 224 to rotate, and the support frame 224 can drive the mounting base 23 to rotate. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the electromagnetic rod 24, the lifting motor 2243 drives the screw 2244 to rotate via the second pulley assembly 2246. The screw 2244 drives the inner frame 2241 to slide up and down within the outer frame 2242. The inner frame 2241 drives the mounting base 23 to rise and fall, and the mounting base 23 drives the electromagnetic rod 24 to rise and fall, thus adjusting the distance between the electromagnetic rod 24 and the material.

[0065] A protective shell 212 is installed on the frame of the first conveyor belt 21 to cover the first conveyor belt 21. A chamber 213 for vertical placement of the electromagnetic rod 24 is provided on the side of the protective shell 212 near the electromagnetic rod 24. The bottom of the chamber 213 is inclined and a discharge port 214 is provided on the bottom end face of the chamber 213.

[0066] After the coil of the electromagnetic rod 24 is de-energized, the magnetic metal impurities on the electromagnetic rod 24 fall to the bottom of the bin 213 and are discharged from the discharge port 214 along the bottom slope of the bin 213.

[0067] The air separation and impurity removal section 3 includes a second conveyor belt 31, an upper cover 32, and a lower cover 33. The second conveyor belt 31 is connected to the discharge end of the first conveyor belt 21, and the belt body of the second conveyor belt 31 has a mesh structure. The upper cover 32 is installed on the top surface of the frame of the second conveyor belt 31, and two negative pressure fans 321 are installed on the top surface of the upper cover 32. The negative pressure fans 321 are connected to an exhaust pipe 322. The lower cover 33 is installed on the bottom surface of the frame of the second conveyor belt 31, and an air inlet pipe 331 is connected to the bottom surface of the lower cover 33. A hot air generator 332 is installed on the air inlet pipe 331.

[0068] Start the hot air generator 332 and the negative pressure fan 321. Fresh air enters through the air inlet pipe 331. The hot air generator 332 heats the fresh air. The hot air passes through the mesh second conveyor belt 31. The hot air blows away the oil and coating on the surface of the material, causing it to carbonize and fall off. The negative pressure airflow discharges carbonized oil, dust and other light impurities from the exhaust pipe and sucks them into the externally installed bag dust collector, achieving simultaneous removal of oil and dust.

[0069] The drum brush cleaning and impurity removal section 4 includes a third conveyor belt 41, a fourth conveyor belt 42, an upper shell 43, and a lower shell 44. The third conveyor belt 41 is connected to the discharge end of the second conveyor belt 31, and the fourth conveyor belt 42 is connected to the discharge end of the third conveyor belt 41, with the inlet end of the fourth conveyor belt 42 located below the discharge end of the third conveyor belt 41. The upper shell 43 is installed on the top surface of the frame of the third conveyor belt 41 and the fourth conveyor belt 42, and the lower shell 44 is installed on the bottom surface of the frame of the third conveyor belt 41 and the fourth conveyor belt 42. Two spray pipes 45 and a brush roller 46 are provided above the third conveyor belt 41 and the fourth conveyor belt 42. The brush roller 46 is located between the two spray pipes 45, and the brush roller 46 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the upper shell 43 and driven by a motor. The spray pipes 45 are installed on the inner wall of the upper shell 43 and are connected to an external water channel. A drain pipe 441 is connected to the bottom surface of the lower shell 44.

[0070] The material is first sprayed and washed on the third conveyor belt 41, but only the side facing upwards can be sprayed and washed. During the process of conveying the material from the third conveyor belt 41 to the fourth conveyor belt 42, due to the height difference between the third conveyor belt 41 and the fourth conveyor belt 42, the material will roll during the fall and then be washed by the spray pipe 45 and brush roller 46 above the fourth conveyor belt 42. The brush roller 46 rotates and rubs the surface of the material to remove the attached residual molding sand and fine dust.

[0071] The processing method includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Pre-crushing treatment

[0073] A dual-shaft shear crusher is used to initially crush aluminum casting waste. The crushed material is then conveyed through the inclined discharge bin 13 to the gravity removal section 1 of the multi-stage removal unit 02.

[0074] Step 2: Multi-stage impurity removal treatment

[0075] This step involves a four-stage linkage impurity removal process, which consists of the following operations performed sequentially:

[0076] 2.1 Gravity Impurity Removal: After the material enters the gravity impurity removal section 1, it is screened by a double-layer vibrating screen 11 driven by frequency conversion (the upper screen 11 has a larger aperture than the lower screen). Large pieces of material remain on the upper screen 11, while small pieces of material and large inorganic impurities such as sand and ceramic blocks fall into the lower screen 11 for further screening. The lower screen 11 retains small pieces of material, while the large inorganic impurities removed are collected through a sealed slag discharge port. At the same time, the hot airflow generated by the smelting and purification unit 06 is introduced into the gravity impurity removal section 1 through the main airflow pipe 15 and the branch airflow pipe 14 to preheat the material.

[0077] 2.2 Magnetic Separation for Impurity Removal: After gravity impurity removal, the material is conveyed by the first conveyor belt 21. The horizontally positioned electromagnetic rods 24 are energized to generate magnetism, adsorbing magnetic metal impurities such as iron filings and steel sleeves in the material. When the horizontal electromagnetic rods 24 are saturated, the rotating mechanism 22 drives the mounting base 23 to rotate, and the swing motor 234 drives the two electromagnetic rods 24 to switch states. The original horizontal electromagnetic rods 24 rotate downwards to vertical and are de-energized, and the adsorbed magnetic impurities fall off naturally. The original vertical electromagnetic rods 24 rotate upwards to horizontal and are energized to continue adsorbing impurities. The energization and de-energization of the electromagnetic rods 24 are automatically controlled by the arc groove 236 pressing the slide bar 51. When horizontal, the slide bar 51 pushes the positive and negative pole springs 53 to come into contact and energize. When vertical, the slide bar 51 is squeezed to separate the springs and de-energize. The height of the electromagnetic rods 24 can be adjusted by the lifting motor 2243 to adapt to the material conveying height. The fallen magnetic impurities fall into the bin 213 and are discharged from the discharge port 214 along the bottom slope.

[0078] 2.3 Air separation for impurity removal: The material after magnetic separation for impurity removal enters the mesh second conveyor belt 31. The hot air generator 332 heats the fresh air and blows it upward through the air inlet pipe 331 of the lower cover 33. The hot air causes the oil stains and coating layers on the surface of the material to carbonize and fall off. The negative pressure fan 321 sucks the carbonized oil stains, dust and other light impurities into the external bag dust collector through the exhaust pipe 322 of the upper cover 32, thus completing the simultaneous removal of oil stains and dust.

[0079] 2.4 Drum washing and impurity removal: After air separation and impurity removal, the material first passes through the third conveyor belt 41, where it is sprayed by the upper spray pipe 45 and the brush roller 46 rotates and rubs to wash away the residual molding sand and fine dust on the upper surface of the material. When the material falls from the third conveyor belt 41 to the fourth conveyor belt 42, it rolls over due to the height difference and is then washed a second time by the spray pipe 45 and brush roller 46 above the fourth conveyor belt 42 to thoroughly remove the surface impurities. The wastewater generated by washing is discharged through the drain pipe 441 of the lower shell 44.

[0080] Step 3: Drying treatment

[0081] The material after multi-stage impurity removal is sent to drying unit 03 to complete the drying process and remove residual moisture from the surface of the material.

[0082] Step 4: Fine crushing process

[0083] The dried material enters the fine crushing unit 04 for further crushing, making the material particles finer and facilitating subsequent smelting operations.

[0084] Step 5: Quantitative feeding process

[0085] The finely crushed material is fed into the quantitative feeding unit 05 for storage, and from this unit, the material is quantitatively and stably fed to the smelting and purification unit 06 to ensure smelting efficiency and stability.

[0086] Step 6: Smelting and purification treatment

[0087] The finely crushed material is fed in a fixed quantity and enters the smelting and purification unit 06 to complete the smelting process and obtain high-purity recycled aluminum liquid.

[0088] Step 7: Waste Heat Recovery and Utilization

[0089] The high-temperature airflow generated by the smelting and purification unit 06 is guided through pipelines to the gravity removal section 1 of the multi-stage impurity removal unit 02 to preheat the pre-crushed material, increase the material temperature, and reduce the energy consumption of subsequent fine crushing and smelting heating.

[0090] The implementation principle of the waste processing equipment and method for aluminum castings in this application is as follows:

[0091] The core purpose of preheating is not to keep the material warm until melting, but to soften / carbonize the oil and coating on the surface of the waste material through low-temperature preheating, so that the attached molding sand can expand and fall off, which greatly improves the efficiency of subsequent cleaning and impurity removal, and solves the problem of incomplete cleaning and impurity removal of traditional cold materials.

[0092] Overall process objective: Although the temperature drops slightly after preheating and cleaning, the material can quickly regain its temperature after being dried with hot air. This retains the core value of preheating in "cleaner removal of impurities" and reduces the energy consumption of subsequent smelting by using the residual heat from drying. Ultimately, it achieves thorough removal of impurities, energy-saving drying / smelting, and high purity of recycled aluminum liquid, while taking into account both environmental protection and recycling efficiency.

[0093] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A waste processing device for aluminum castings, characterized in that, The system includes a pre-crushing unit (01), a multi-stage impurity removal unit (02), a drying unit (03), a fine crushing unit (04), a quantitative feeding unit (05), a smelting and purification unit (06), and a waste heat recovery unit (07) arranged sequentially along the waste conveying direction. Each unit is connected by a sealed structure. The pre-crushing unit (01) is a twin-shaft shear crusher used for preliminary crushing of aluminum castings. The multi-stage impurity removal unit (02) is used to remove impurities from the material. The drying unit (03) is used to dry the material after impurity removal. The fine crushing unit (04) is used to further crush the material. The quantitative feeding unit (05) is used to quantitatively feed the material to the smelting and purification unit (06). The smelting and purification unit (06) is used to smelt the finely crushed material. The waste heat recovery unit (07) is used to guide the waste heat generated by the smelting and purification unit (06) to the multi-stage impurity removal unit (02).

2. The waste processing equipment for aluminum castings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage impurity removal unit (02) includes a gravity impurity removal section (1), a magnetic separation impurity removal section (2), an air separation impurity removal section (3), and a drum brushing impurity removal section (4) in sequence. The gravity impurity removal section (1) is used to receive the material after crushing by the pre-crushing unit (01) and remove large inorganic impurities such as sand and ceramic blocks from the material. The magnetic separation impurity removal section (2) is used to receive the material conveyed by the gravity impurity removal section (1) and remove magnetic metal impurities such as iron filings and steel sleeves from the material. The air separation impurity removal section (3) is used to receive the material conveyed by the magnetic separation impurity removal section (2) and remove light impurities such as oil stains, coating layers, and dust from the surface of the material by hot air. The drum brushing impurity removal section (4) is used to receive the material conveyed by the air separation impurity removal section (3) and remove residual molding sand and fine dust attached to the surface of the material.

3. The waste processing equipment for aluminum castings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gravity impurity removal section (1) is equipped with a double-layer vibrating screen (11), with the upper layer having a larger aperture than the lower layer. The double-layer vibrating screen (11) is driven by a vibrating motor (12) via frequency conversion. The discharge port of the dual-shaft shear crusher is connected to an inclined discharge bin (13), with the bottom end of the discharge bin (13) extending to the feed end of the gravity impurity removal section (1).

4. The waste processing equipment for aluminum castings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The magnetic separation and impurity removal section (2) includes a first conveyor belt (21), a rotating mechanism (22), a mounting base (23), and an electromagnetic rod (24). One end of the first conveyor belt (21) is located below the lower screen (11). The rotating mechanism (22) is installed on one side of the first conveyor belt (21) to drive the mounting base (23) to rotate. One end of the electromagnetic rod (24) is installed on the mounting base (23), horizontally positioned above the first conveyor belt (21) and perpendicular to the conveying direction of the first conveyor belt (21). The end of the electromagnetic rod (24) is mounted on the mounting base (23) and has an energized coil wound around it. When the coil is energized, the electromagnetic rod (24) generates magnetism.

5. The waste processing equipment for aluminum castings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting base (23) has a through groove (231) on its bottom surface. Two rotating shafts (232) are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the through groove (231). Driven gears (233) are coaxially connected to the circumference of the rotating shafts (232). A swing motor (234) is mounted on the side of the mounting base (23). The output shaft of the swing motor (234) passes through the mounting base (23) and is coaxially connected to the circumference of the shaft. The drive gear (235) is located in the through groove (231) and between the two driven gears (233), and meshes with the two driven gears (233). There are two electromagnetic rods (24). The ends of the two electromagnetic rods (24) are respectively fixedly connected to the circumference of the two rotating shafts (232). The two electromagnetic rods (24) are symmetrically arranged about the output shaft of the swing motor (234). The driven gears (233) are located in the pre-set notches at the ends of the electromagnetic rods (24).

6. The waste processing equipment for aluminum castings according to claim 5, characterized in that, The end of the electromagnetic rod (24) is arc-shaped, and a mounting hole (241) is provided radially along the arc-shaped end of the electromagnetic rod (24). A housing (5) is installed in the mounting hole (241), and a slide rod (51) is slidably connected in the housing (5). A positive electrode spring (52) is connected to the circumference of the slide rod (51). A negative electrode spring (53) is installed on the inner wall of the end of the housing (5) near the opening of the mounting hole (241). A spring (54) is provided in the housing (5). One end of the spring (54) is pressed against the inner wall of the end away from the negative electrode spring (53), and the other end of the spring (54) is pressed against the side of the positive electrode spring (52) away from the negative electrode spring (53). 54) Insulated contact with the positive electrode spring (52); the positive electrode spring (52) is connected to the positive terminal of the coil circuit, and the negative electrode spring (53) is connected to the negative terminal of the coil circuit; the outer end of the slide rod (51) is rotatably connected to a roller (55), and the inner wall of the through groove (231) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (236) for the arc-shaped end of the electromagnetic rod (24) to rotate. The straight distance between the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove (236) and the rotating shaft (232) gradually increases from the vertical state of the slide rod (51) to the horizontal state, and the roller (55) rolls on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove (236); when the slide rod (51) is in the horizontal state, the positive electrode spring (52) and the negative electrode spring (53) are in contact.

7. The waste processing equipment for aluminum castings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism (22) includes a rotary motor (221), a first pulley assembly (222), a rotating shaft (223), and a support frame (224); a horizontal plate (211) is installed on the side of the first conveyor belt (21), the rotary motor (221) is installed on the top surface of the horizontal plate (211), the top of the support frame (224) is installed on the bottom surface of the mounting base (23), the top end of the rotating shaft (223) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support frame (224), and the bottom end of the rotating shaft (223) is rotatably connected to the top surface of the horizontal plate (211); the two synchronous pulleys of the first pulley assembly (222) are coaxially connected to the rotating shaft (223) and the output shaft of the rotary motor (221).

8. The waste processing equipment for aluminum castings according to claim 7, characterized in that, The support frame (224) includes an inner frame (2241), an outer frame (2242), a lifting motor (2243), a screw (2244), a connecting seat (2245), and a second pulley assembly (2246); the connecting seat (2245) is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating shaft (223), the outer frame (2242) is installed on the top surface of the connecting seat (2245), the inner frame (2241) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer frame (2242), and the top of the inner frame (2241) is connected to... The bottom surface of the mounting base (23); the bottom end of the screw (2244) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the outer frame (2242), the screw (2244) passes through the bottom of the inner frame (2241), the bottom of the inner frame (2241) is threadedly driven with the screw (2244), the lifting motor (2243) is installed on the side of the outer frame (2242), and the two synchronous pulleys of the second pulley assembly (2246) are coaxially connected to the output shaft of the lifting motor (2243) and the bottom end of the screw (2244).

9. The waste processing equipment for aluminum castings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air separation and impurity removal section (3) includes a second conveyor belt (31), an upper cover (32), and a lower cover (33); the second conveyor belt (31) is connected to the discharge end of the first conveyor belt (21), and the belt body of the second conveyor belt (31) is a mesh structure; the upper cover (32) is installed on the top surface of the frame of the second conveyor belt (31), and two negative pressure fans (321) are installed on the top surface of the upper cover (32), and an exhaust pipe (322) is connected to the negative pressure fans (321); the lower cover (33) is installed on the bottom surface of the frame of the second conveyor belt (31), and an air inlet pipe (331) is connected to the bottom surface of the lower cover (33), and a hot air generator (332) is installed on the air inlet pipe (331); the drum brushing and impurity removal section (4) includes a third conveyor belt (41), a fourth conveyor belt (42), an upper shell (43), and a lower shell (44); the third conveyor belt (41) is connected to the discharge end of the second conveyor belt (31), and the belt body of the second conveyor belt (31) is a mesh structure; the upper cover (32) is installed on the first conveyor belt (31), and the lower cover (33) is a mesh structure; the upper cover (32) is installed on the first conveyor belt (31), and the lower cover (34) is a mesh structure; the upper cover (31) is installed on the first conveyor belt (31), and the lower cover (34) is a mesh structure; the upper cover (31) is installed on the first conveyor belt (31), and the lower cover (35 ... 1) The discharge end of the fourth conveyor belt (42) is connected to the discharge end of the third conveyor belt (41), and the feed end of the fourth conveyor belt (42) is located below the discharge end of the third conveyor belt (41); the upper shell (43) is installed on the top surface of the frame of the third conveyor belt (41) and the fourth conveyor belt (42), and the lower shell (44) is installed on the bottom surface of the frame of the third conveyor belt (41) and the fourth conveyor belt (42); two spray pipes (45) and a brush roller (46) are provided above the third conveyor belt (41) and the fourth conveyor belt (42); the brush roller (46) is located between the two spray pipes (45), the brush roller (46) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the upper shell (43) and driven by a motor; the spray pipes (45) are installed on the inner wall of the upper shell (43) and the spray pipes (45) are connected to the external water passage; the bottom surface of the lower shell (44) is connected to a drain pipe (441).

10. A method for processing scrap aluminum castings, applicable to the scrap processing equipment for aluminum castings as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-crushing treatment A dual-shaft shear crusher is used to initially crush aluminum casting waste. The crushed material is then conveyed to the gravity removal section (1) of the multi-stage removal unit (02) through the inclined discharge bin (13). Step 2: Multi-stage impurity removal treatment This step involves a four-stage linkage impurity removal process, which consists of the following operations performed sequentially: 2.1 Gravity removal: The material is screened by a double-layer vibrating screen (11), small pieces of material are retained and large inorganic impurities such as sand and ceramic blocks are removed; at the same time, the residual heat of smelting is used to preheat the material to reduce subsequent energy consumption; 2.2 Magnetic separation for impurity removal: Magnetic metal impurities in the material are adsorbed by a switchable electromagnetic rod (24). After the adsorption is saturated, the power is cut off and the material is unloaded, thus completing the removal of magnetic impurities. 2.3 Air separation for impurity removal: Hot air is used to blow away oil stains and carbonized coatings from the material surface, and negative pressure adsorption is used to remove carbonized impurities and dust. 2.4 Roller brushing for impurity removal: The residual molding sand and fine dust on the surface are thoroughly removed by two brushing processes (material tumbling and turning over) using spraying and brush rollers (46), and the wastewater is discharged in a concentrated manner. Step 3: Drying treatment The material after multi-stage impurity removal is sent to the drying unit (03) to complete the drying process and remove residual moisture from the surface of the material. Step 4: Fine crushing process The dried material enters the fine crushing unit (04) for further crushing to make the material particle size finer, which is convenient for subsequent smelting operations. Step 5: Quantitative feeding process The finely crushed material is sent to the quantitative feeding unit (05) for storage, and from this unit, the material is quantitatively and stably fed to the smelting and purification unit (06) to ensure smelting efficiency and stability. Step 6: Smelting and purification treatment The finely crushed material is fed in a fixed quantity and enters the smelting and purification unit (06) to complete the smelting process and obtain high-purity recycled aluminum liquid; Step 7: Waste Heat Recovery and Utilization The high-temperature airflow generated by the smelting and purification unit (06) is guided through the pipeline to the gravity removal section (1) of the multi-stage impurity removal unit (02) to preheat the pre-crushed material, increase the material temperature, and reduce the energy consumption of subsequent fine crushing and smelting heating.

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