Vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintaining system and method

Abstract

The system comprises a fuel supply module, a combustion heating module, a waterway circulation module, a temperature control execution module, an intelligent control module and an outdoor expansion module, can be adaptive to hybrid power, fuel oil, pure electricity and other full vehicle types, and supports complete reloading of multiple fuels such as CNG, LPG and diesel oil. A large circulation mode, a small circulation mode and a water storage tank heat storage circulation mode are switched through the two three-way valves, and precise heating and temperature maintaining are achieved in combination with three-section fire grate staged combustion and two-stage temperature control. The method comprises the steps of vehicle type adaptation and fuel selection, circulation mode switching, staged combustion and temperature control, safety protection and energy consumption optimization and outdoor expansion use. The system has the advantages of compatibility of all vehicle types, multi-fuel adaptation, multiple functions, stable and reliable operation and reasonable energy consumption, can solve the problems of winter heating, battery temperature maintenance and outdoor expansion energy supply of different vehicle types, and is suitable for all scenes of commercial vehicles, motor homes, cars and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive heating equipment technology, and more specifically to an in-vehicle heating and temperature maintenance system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In winter, vehicle heating and maintaining the temperature of key components such as the battery pack are core issues affecting vehicle user experience and performance. Existing technologies have many limitations: gasoline vehicles rely on engine heat for heating, and cannot provide heating while parked after the engine is stopped; pure electric vehicles and electric heavy trucks rely on electric heating, which not only consumes a lot of electricity, leading to a significant reduction in driving range, but also suffers from decreased battery pack performance at low temperatures and increased electrical losses; traditional heating methods for hybrid vehicles are still limited by engine operating status, making it difficult to flexibly achieve parking heating and independent temperature maintenance of the battery pack.

[0003] In addition, existing vehicle heaters have limited functionality, mostly designed for heating the driver's cab, and have poor fuel adaptability, making them unsuitable for vehicles with different energy sources. Household gas water heaters are open-loop systems, which cannot meet the closed-loop circulation and multi-scenario heating needs of vehicles. At the same time, existing technologies lack compatibility with all vehicle models, failing to cover the differentiated needs of various vehicle types, including hybrid, fuel, and pure electric vehicles (including commercial vehicles and RVs), and do not consider the energy supply needs of extended scenarios such as outdoor camping, barbecuing, and bathing.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an in-vehicle heating and temperature maintenance system and method that can be adapted to all vehicle models, operate independently of the engine, take into account both heating and battery temperature maintenance, have fuel flexibility, and support outdoor expansion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a stable, reliable, multi-vehicle compatible, multifunctional, and energy-optimized vehicle heating and temperature maintenance system to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for maintaining temperature in a vehicle-mounted heating system.

[0007] This invention achieves the above objectives using the following technical solution: an on-board heating and temperature maintenance system, characterized in that it includes a fuel supply module, a combustion heating module, a water circulation module, a temperature control execution module, and an intelligent control module. The fuel supply module includes a fuel tank, a fuel valve, and a pressure regulating valve. The fuel tank is compatible with various fuel systems, including CNG, LPG, gasoline, diesel, butane, methanol, and dimethyl ether, and is fully compatible with the combustion heating module. Hybrid vehicles and fuel / gas vehicles use the original vehicle fuel tank as the fuel tank, while pure electric vehicles achieve system compatibility by adding a fuel tank.

[0008] The combustion heating module includes a burner, an air inlet, and a flue gas outlet, and adopts a three-stage combustor structure. The number of combustors that can be activated can be adjusted according to the ambient temperature and heating requirements: three stages of combustors are activated in extremely cold regions, two stages of combustors are activated in medium-temperature zones, and a single stage of combustor is activated when only the battery pack needs to be kept warm.

[0009] The water circulation module includes a water tank, a circulating water pump, a three-way valve one, and a three-way valve two. The combustion heating module and the water tank form a closed-loop water circuit through the circulating water pump. The three-way valve one and three-way valve two are used to switch between large circulation, small circulation, and water tank heat storage circulation modes. The temperature control execution module includes a battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device and a cab heating and air conditioning system. The cab heating and air conditioning system includes a heat core and a fan. The intelligent control module includes a control system integrating a temperature sensor, a water flow sensor, and a water-gas linkage valve. The temperature sensor is deployed in the battery pack, cab, and water tank. The water-gas linkage valve controls the opening and closing of the fuel passage.

[0010] As a further explanation of the above solution, it also includes an outdoor expansion module, which includes several outdoor expansion interfaces and outdoor function adapter components. The several outdoor expansion interfaces are respectively connected to the fuel tank and the combustion heater.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an engine-related module and a water circulation module equipped with an electronic pump, a reversing valve, a radiator, and a carburetor. The engine-related module includes the engine and the engine waste water circuit. The waste heat generated by the engine operation is introduced into the system for heating through the waste water circuit. The combustion heating module is connected to the engine waste water circuit through the reversing valve (due to the thermostat, when the heater is needed / in winter, the thermostat will block the connection with the radiator, so it does not actually go through the radiator). The electronic pump assists in regulating the water circulation flow rate, and the reversing valve is used to control the opening and closing of the engine waste water circuit and the closed-loop water circuit. The carburetor is connected to the original vehicle fuel tank (specifically referring to LNG) to assist in fuel vaporization (adapting to the fuel supply needs of the engine and combustion heater) and improve combustion efficiency.

[0012] The control system is equipped with a mode switching controller, which is used to switch between engine waste heat mode and independent combustion mode.

[0013] Furthermore, the three-way valve is installed at the burner input end, with branch one connected to the water storage tank output end, branch two connected to the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device output end, and branch three connected to the burner inlet via a circulating water pump.

[0014] The three-way valve 2 is located at the burner output end, with branch 1 connected to the burner outlet, branch 2 connected to the inlet of the cab heating and air conditioning system, and branch 3 connected to the inlet of the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device.

[0015] Furthermore, the water flow sensor employs a Hall effect sensor or a mechanical rotor structure.

[0016] Furthermore, the activation rules for the three-stage combustor segmented combustion structure are as follows: the three-stage combustor is activated in extremely cold regions below -20℃, the two-stage combustor is activated in the medium-temperature zone from -10℃ to 5℃, and the single-stage combustor is activated only when the battery pack needs to be kept at a certain temperature.

[0017] A method for vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance is characterized by including selecting the fuel tank adaptation method according to the vehicle model, selecting the fuel type according to the usage scenario, replacing the corresponding fuel tank and combustion heater components as a complete set, switching between large circulation, small circulation or water tank heat storage circulation mode through three-way valve one and three-way valve two according to heating needs, and adjusting the number of burner burners to be opened according to ambient temperature and heating needs to achieve graded adjustment of combustion power.

[0018] Furthermore, it employs a two-stage temperature control system: the first stage controls preheating before driving and heating while parking, while the second stage controls the battery pack's temperature independently; it uses a water flow sensor to detect water flow speed and adjusts the gas volume and combustion power; and it uses a water-gas linkage valve to cut off fuel when water flow is interrupted.

[0019] Furthermore, during the temperature control process, the first-level control defaults to high-power heating, and switches to medium or low-power heating after the temperature reaches the target; the second-level control defaults to low-power heating, and turns on the water in the water storage tank to heat the water when the battery pack temperature reaches the target but the cab temperature is insufficient.

[0020] Furthermore, in the large circulation mode: the first three-way valve connects the water tank to the burner, and the second three-way valve connects the burner to the cab heating and air conditioning system. The hot water flows through the cab and the battery pack and then returns to the water tank.

[0021] Small circulation mode: Three-way valve one connects the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device to the burner, and three-way valve two connects the burner to the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device, so that hot water circulates in a closed loop between the burner and the battery pack.

[0022] Water storage tank heat storage mode: Switch to a water path that only connects to the water storage tank.

[0023] Furthermore, it also includes mode switching control, which works in conjunction with the reversing valve to automatically switch between engine waste heat mode and independent combustion mode based on engine coolant temperature and battery SOC value; independent combustion mode is used when the vehicle is parked.

[0024] The beneficial effects that can be achieved by adopting the above-mentioned technical solution in this invention are:

[0025] 1. This invention employs an on-board heating and temperature maintenance system primarily composed of a fuel supply module, a combustion heating module, a water circulation module, a temperature control execution module, and an intelligent control module. Hybrid vehicles utilize the original fuel tank, while gasoline / pure electric vehicles can have a compatible fuel tank installed, requiring no major modifications. It is suitable for all scenarios, including commercial vehicles, RVs, and sedans. Pure electric vehicles maintain temperature through an independent small-cycle battery pack, avoiding conflicts between PTC heating and driving power consumption, resulting in significantly reduced range degradation in winter compared to ordinary PTC heating. Engine-powered (including hybrid) vehicles integrate core components such as an electronic pump and a reversing valve, enabling intelligent switching between waste heat and an independent combustion system. During driving, waste heat is utilized to save 30%-40% of energy, and when parked, continuous engine operation is avoided, reducing energy consumption.

[0026] 2. This invention supports the complete replacement of multiple fuels such as CNG, LPG, and diesel, adapting to different energy supply scenarios. LNG vehicle heating has the best energy efficiency, which is superior to traditional PTC heating. The fuel type can be flexibly selected according to the usage scenario. It takes into account the heating of the cab, the temperature maintenance of the battery pack, the heat storage of the water tank, the outdoor energy supply and the utilization of engine waste heat. When parked, it can continuously provide warm air to the passenger compartment, solving the pain point of "loss of heat when the engine is turned off" in traditional models, while meeting the outdoor needs such as camping and barbecuing.

[0027] 4. This invention has reliable safety performance. It utilizes a water-gas linkage valve, a water flow sensor, and a reversing valve for triple protection, completely eliminating the risks of dry burning and engine overheating. Combustion exhaust gases are discharged through a dedicated exhaust port, ensuring safety for use both inside and outside the vehicle. The closed-loop water circuit and waste heat utilization design significantly outperform existing technologies in terms of energy consumption and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle parking heating system of the engine of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Fuel supply module; 1-1. Fuel tank; 1-2. Fuel valve; 1-3. Pressure regulating valve; 2. Combustion heating module; 2-1. Burner; 2-2. Air inlet; 2-3. Exhaust port; 3. Water circulation module; 3-1. Water storage tank; 3-2. Circulating water pump; 3-3. Three-way valve one; 3-4. Three-way valve two; 3-5. Electronic pump; 3-6. Thermostat; 3-7. Radiator; 3-8. Carburetor; 3-9. Four-way reversing valve; 3-10. First solenoid valve; 3-11. Second solenoid valve; 4. Temperature control execution module; 4-1. Battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device; 4-2. Cab heating and air conditioning system; 4-21. Heat core; 4-22. Fan; 5. Engine associated module; 6. Engine. Detailed Implementation

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the directional terms such as "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation and positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of this invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features. Thus, the use of "first" and "second" to define a feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of this invention, "at least" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "assembly," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can also refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] In this invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "below," and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Above," "below," and "below" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, making the technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer and more explicit. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the present invention is a vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance system and method. Structurally, the vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance system includes a fuel supply module 1, a combustion heating module 2, a water circulation module 3, a temperature control execution module 4, an intelligent control module (not shown in the figure), an outdoor expansion module (not shown in the figure), an engine-related module 5, and an internal heat engine 6.

[0037] Fuel supply module 1: includes fuel tank 1-1 and matching fuel valve 1-2 and pressure regulating valve 1-3; the fuel tank is compatible with various fuel systems, including but not limited to CNG, LPG, gasoline, diesel, butane, methanol, and dimethyl ether, and is fully compatible with the combustion heating module; hybrid vehicles and fuel vehicles directly use the original vehicle fuel tank as the fuel tank, while pure electric vehicles achieve system compatibility by adding a fuel tank.

[0038] Combustion heating module 2 includes burner 2-1, air inlet 2-2 and exhaust port 2-3 (the air inlet provides oxygen for combustion and the exhaust port discharges combustion exhaust gas), and adopts a three-stage burner segmented combustion design, which can adjust the number of burners to be opened according to the ambient temperature and heating requirements.

[0039] Engine water circulation module 3 includes a water tank 3-1, a circulating water pump 3-2, two three-way valves, an electronic pump 3-5, a thermostat 3-6, a radiator 3-7, a carburetor 3-8, and a four-way reversing valve 3-9. The opening of the engine radiator 3-7 is controlled by the thermostat. The original vehicle fuel is vaporized by the carburetor and then supplied to the engine 6 and the combustion heater. The combustion heater and the water tank form a closed-loop water circuit through the circulating water pump, and are also connected to the engine waste water circuit and the radiator through the thermostat. The electronic pump assists in regulating the water circulation flow rate. The carburetor is connected to the original vehicle fuel tank to assist in fuel vaporization and improve combustion efficiency. Two three-way valves are respectively installed at the input end (three-way valve 1 3-3) and the output end (three-way valve 2 3-4) of the burner to switch the water circulation mode. The closed-loop water circuit realizes the switching between large circulation, small circulation and water storage tank heat storage circulation through the coordinated action of the three-way valves. Among them, the three-way valve 1 3-3 adopts the form of a bypass solenoid valve. One path of the circulating water pump 3-2 is connected to the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device 4-1; the other path of the water storage tank 3-1 is connected to the circulating water pump 3-2. After the circulating water pump 3-2 stops working, the three-way valve 1 3-3 connects the water storage tank 3-1 to the battery pack temperature maintenance device.

[0040] Temperature control execution module 4: includes battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device 4-1 and cab heating and air conditioning system 4-2; the cab heating and air conditioning system 4-2 includes heat core 4-21 and fan 4-22. When the heated coolant flows through the heat core, the fan sends heat into the cab.

[0041] Engine-related module 5: includes the engine and the engine waste water circuit; the engine waste water circuit is connected to the closed-loop water circuit through a reversing valve to provide a pathway for waste heat utilization; the engine is connected to the original vehicle fuel tank, and the waste heat generated by its operation is introduced into the system through the waste water circuit to participate in heating.

[0042] Intelligent control module: This includes a control system integrating temperature sensors, water flow sensors, water-gas linkage valves, and mode switching controllers. Temperature sensors are deployed in the battery pack, cab, water tank, and engine waste heat circuit to collect temperature data in real time. Water flow sensors detect the water flow velocity in the water circuit to adjust the fuel quantity and combustion power. Water-gas linkage valves control the opening and closing of the fuel passage, and the mode switching controller is used to switch between "engine waste heat mode" and "independent combustion mode". Water flow sensors are generally Hall effect sensors or mechanical rotor structures.

[0043] Outdoor expansion module: includes outdoor expansion interface and outdoor function adapter components; the outdoor expansion interface connects to the fuel tank and combustion heater, and after configuring the outdoor function adapter components, it can realize camping, barbecue and bathing functions.

[0044] Three-way valve one has branch one connected to the water tank output, branch two connected to the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device output, and branch three connected to the burner inlet via a circulating water pump; three-way valve two has branch one connected to the burner outlet, branch two connected to the cab heating and air conditioning system inlet, and branch three connected to the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device inlet. The reversing valve is triggered as follows: when the engine waste water temperature is ≤60℃, the connection between the engine waste water circuit and the heater closed-loop water circuit is opened; when the engine water temperature is >70℃, the circuit is closed.

[0045] The triggering conditions for the water-gas linkage valve are as follows: when the water flow reaches the set pressure, the fuel passage is opened and the burner ignition program is started; when the water flow stops, the fuel passage is automatically cut off to prevent dry burning.

[0046] Vehicle compatibility and fuel selection methods:

[0047] Hybrid / Gasoline Models: The original vehicle's fuel tank is used as the system's fuel tank, with the original vehicle's fuel supplying the engine and combustion heater separately; the hybrid model's fuel tank intelligently distributes fuel according to the power mode (prioritizing the engine when driving and prioritizing the combustion heater when parked).

[0048] Hybrid / Gas-powered vehicles: The original vehicle's fuel tank is used as the system's fuel tank, and the original vehicle's fuel (LNG) is sourced from the gas phase and directly supplied to the combustion heater through an independent pipeline;

[0049] Pure electric vehicles: Add compatible fuel tanks and system components, select clean fuels such as LPG and CNG, and avoid the consumption of battery range by PTC heating through an independent combustion system;

[0050] Fuel switching: When it is necessary to change the fuel type, the complete set of fuel tank, combustion heater and burner components are replaced, and the control system automatically adapts to the combustion parameters of the new fuel (such as gas volume and ignition intensity).

[0051] Loop mode switching method:

[0052] Large circulation mode: This is the parking heating mode. When the vehicle is initially started or in an extremely cold environment (below -20℃), and both the cab and battery pack require heating, the control system controls three-way valve one to connect the water tank output to the burner inlet, and three-way valve two to connect the burner outlet to the cab heating and air conditioning system inlet. The heated water flows through the heat core, and the fan sends the heat into the cab. During the return flow, it passes through the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device to complete the temperature preservation, and finally flows back to the water tank. Generally, during vehicle operation, the engine waste heat is used to heat the cab, and the vehicle heating system does not participate.

[0053] Small circulation mode: This is the battery pack temperature maintenance mode. The control system controls three-way valve one to connect the output of the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device to the burner inlet, and three-way valve two to connect the burner outlet to the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device inlet. Hot water circulates in a closed loop between the burner and the battery pack, focusing on maintaining the battery pack temperature. When the battery pack temperature reaches the set upper limit, the engine closes the battery pack heating channel and opens the water storage tank heat storage channel. If the water storage tank temperature reaches the limit value, the burner is turned off.

[0054] Water tank heat storage mode: When the battery pack and cab temperatures both reach the set value, the control system switches to a water path that only connects to the water tank, storing the heat generated by the combustion heater or the engine waste heat in the water tank, which will be released when needed, reducing the loss from frequent start-stop of the burner.

[0055] Mode switching control method:

[0056] Automatic switching logic: The intelligent control module automatically switches modes based on data from the engine coolant temperature sensor and the ambient temperature sensor;

[0057] When the engine is running (driving / idling): if the coolant temperature is ≥70℃, turn on the waste heat mode, turn off the combustion heater (or reduce to low flame), and the electronic pump assists in circulation to improve the waste heat transfer efficiency; if the coolant temperature is <60℃, turn off the waste heat circuit and start the independent combustion mode.

[0058] Parking status: If the user starts the parking heater, the system will first check the fuel level: if the fuel is sufficient, the system will activate the independent combustion mode (to avoid frequent engine starts); if the fuel is insufficient, the system will remind the user to add fuel in time.

[0059] Hybrid vehicles: Intelligent allocation based on battery SOC value: SOC≥30%→Prioritize independent combustion mode; SOC<30%→Start the engine to generate electricity, while using waste heat for heating, achieving synergy between power generation and heating.

[0060] Staged combustion and temperature control methods:

[0061] Combustion power graded adjustment: In independent combustion mode, the burner adopts three-stage independent control of the burner, and adaptively adjusts the number of burners to be opened according to the ambient temperature and heating demand: in extremely cold areas (below -20℃), all three burners are opened to output the maximum heating power; in medium-temperature areas (-10℃ to 5℃), two burners are opened to maintain medium heating power; when only battery pack temperature maintenance is required, a single burner is opened to provide continuous heating with low fire power.

[0062] Temperature graded control: Level 1 control (preheating before driving and parking heating): In independent combustion mode, the default is high flame heating, then switches to medium and low flame; Level 2 control (battery pack temperature maintenance): In residual heat mode, the battery pack temperature is maintained in the optimal operating range through a small circulation, and if insufficient, the independent combustion single-stage burner is activated; a preheating mode can also be adopted.

[0063] Engine safety protection and energy consumption optimization methods:

[0064] Water flow safety control: The water flow sensor detects the water flow speed in the main water circuit and the waste water circuit in real time, and transmits the signal to the control system to adjust the gas volume and combustion power to ensure a constant water temperature; if the water flow speed is lower than the set threshold or the water flow is interrupted (such as electronic pump failure), the control system immediately triggers the water-gas linkage valve to cut off the fuel passage and closes the reversing valve to eliminate the risk of dry burning.

[0065] Engine energy consumption optimization and control: By reducing heat dissipation loss through closed-loop water circuit design, and combining the linkage of three-stage burner and circulation mode, the energy consumption of diesel under the temperature maintenance condition is reduced by 10%, and the energy consumption increase under the LNG / LPG high-fire condition is controlled within 13%; according to the energy efficiency characteristics of different fuels, high-efficiency fuels such as LNG (85%-90% energy efficiency across the entire chain) and LPG (80%-85%) are given priority to reduce the impact on range; when hybrid / gasoline vehicles are in operation, the engine waste heat is used first, which saves 30%-40% energy compared to independent combustion mode.

[0066] Outdoor Extension Usage Instructions: When outdoor camping, barbecuing, or showering is required, connect the outdoor function adapter component (such as a camping stove or shower head) through the outdoor extension interface; the control system switches the fuel supply path, directing the fuel in the fuel tank to the outdoor function adapter component, while maintaining the basic operating parameters of the combustion heater to ensure a stable power supply for the outdoor function; after use, turn off the outdoor function adapter component and switch the control system back to the vehicle's regular fuel supply path for heating / maintaining temperature; at this time, the engine-related module is in the off state to avoid interference from residual heat.

[0067] Based on the above system, the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0068] Application in gasoline-powered vehicles:

[0069] Driving status: In winter driving mode, the radiator does not work (the thermostat has blocked the flow); the engine waste heat passes through the first solenoid valve 3-10 and then through the heater core 4-21 to heat the cab. At this time, the combustion heater 2-1 is turned off and only waste heat is used for heating.

[0070] Applications in gas-powered vehicles:

[0071] Driving status: The waste water circuit of the gas engine includes two circuits. One circuit passes through the first solenoid valve 3-10 and then through the heater core 4-21 to heat the cab. The other circuit passes through the four-way reversing valve 3-9 and the carburetor 3-8 to supply heat for LNG vaporization. Then it flows back to the engine water tank through the second solenoid valve 3-11.

[0072] Parking status: After starting the parking heater, the control system prioritizes checking the fuel level. When the fuel is sufficient, it starts the independent combustion mode (three-stage / two-stage / single-stage burner selected according to the ambient temperature) and provides heating through a closed-loop water circuit.

[0073] Applications of hybrid vehicles:

[0074] Driving status (SOC≥30%): The engine starts as needed. When the water temperature is ≥60℃, it switches to waste heat mode and charges the battery pack at the same time. When the water temperature is <50℃, the combustion heater starts the second stage burner to assist in heating, so as to achieve charging and heating in tandem.

[0075] Parking status (SOC < 30%): The engine is started to generate electricity, and the waste heat is used to heat the main water circuit to heat the cab and battery pack. The power generation efficiency and heating efficiency are improved simultaneously. When SOC ≥ 30%, the engine is turned off and switched to independent combustion small circulation mode to maintain the battery pack temperature.

[0076] Applications in pure electric vehicles:

[0077] The engine-associated module is in a dormant state. It forms an independent system with the added LNG fuel tank 1-1 and combustion heater 2-1. It starts the small circulation mode to maintain the battery pack temperature (15-25℃) and the large circulation mode to heat the cab. Compared with the traditional PTC heating, the range reduction is reduced by 5 percentage points.

[0078] In vehicle-mounted scenarios, the energy conversion chain is longer (involving losses in power generation, energy storage, fuel storage / transmission, etc.). LNG (liquefied natural gas) offers the best onboard heating efficiency, followed by LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) and diesel, while PTC heating (relying on onboard self-generated electricity) has the lowest efficiency. The following is a rigorous comparison considering losses throughout the entire chain:

[0079] 1) Comparison Table of Energy Efficiency of Vehicle-Mounted End-to-End Systems

[0080]

[0081] Energy efficiency index: Actual vehicle heating efficiency = Effective heat ultimately used for vehicle interior heating / Heat of original energy consumed (fuel / gas / electricity). Unified link assumption: All methods are based on "vehicle's own energy supply" (no external power grid / pipeline), which is consistent with the actual vehicle scenarios of commercial vehicles / RVs, etc.

[0082] Key loss parameters (referencing automotive industry standards):

[0083] Onboard generator (diesel / gas generator) efficiency: 35%-40%; Onboard battery charge / discharge efficiency: 85%-90% (lithium battery level); PTC heating efficiency (resistive type): 95% (electrical energy → heat energy, circuit loss about 5%); Fuel storage loss: diesel ≈1%, LPG ≈3%, LNG ≈3%; Onboard burner efficiency: diesel ≈75%–80%, LPG ≈80%–85%, LNG ≈85%–90%.

[0084] 2) Calculation table of energy efficiency and range loss of onboard heating methods for commercial vehicles

[0085]

[0086] Energy efficiency calculation logic: Effective heating capacity = Original energy heat × Overall energy efficiency; Original energy heat = Energy consumption × Unit calorific value (can be verified by national standard GB / T 2589-2020).

[0087] Calculation of range impact: Range impact = (1 hour heating energy consumption ÷ energy consumption per 100 kilometers) × 100km (based on the conventional energy consumption per 100 kilometers for each model, which can be adjusted according to the specific model parameters).

[0088] Loss superposition rule: Full-link energy efficiency = storage loss × transmission loss × conversion loss × terminal heating efficiency (e.g., LNG: 95% storage × 98% transmission × 90% burner × 98% heat dissipation = 88%).

[0089] Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution has the following advantages:

[0090] 1. Full Vehicle Compatibility Upgrade: Hybrid vehicles utilize the original fuel tank, while gasoline / pure electric vehicles can be equipped with an adapted fuel tank without significant modifications, covering all scenarios including commercial vehicles, RVs, and sedans. Pure Electric Vehicle Adaptation Upgrade: Patented battery packs feature independent small-cycle temperature control, avoiding conflicts between PTC heating and driving power consumption. Winter range degradation is reduced by 5 percentage points compared to ordinary PTC systems, and heating power consumption is reduced by 10% per hour. Engine (including hybrid) models integrate a waste heat recovery module, achieving 30%-40% energy savings during driving, and eliminating the need for continuous engine operation when parked.

[0091] 2. Reduced energy consumption with closed-loop water system: The patented closed-loop recirculation design (unlike the open-loop system in household systems) allows hot water to be recirculated and reheated after heat exchange, reducing heat loss from 98% to 99% and improving energy efficiency by 1-2 percentage points across the entire process.

[0092] 3. Precise energy consumption control: The segmented design of large fire in extremely cold regions, medium fire in temperate zones, and small fire for maintaining a temperate zone allows energy consumption to be more precisely matched with demand. The energy consumption of diesel under the temperate zone is reduced by 10%, and the energy consumption increase of LNG / LPG under the large fire zone is controlled within 13%. The engine waste heat and independent combustion work together to further optimize energy consumption.

[0093] 4. Multi-fuel compatibility optimization: Supports complete fuel replacement for CNG, methanol, butane and other fuels, supplementing the core parameters of the corresponding fuels - CNG direct combustion heating consumes 2.0m³ per hour, with an overall energy efficiency of 85% and a range impact of -11km, making it suitable for CNG vehicles used in urban delivery.

[0094] 5. Safety and Function Upgrades: Triple protection with water-gas linkage valve, water flow sensor, and reversing valve completely eliminates the risks of dry burning and engine overheating; it also covers cab heating, battery pack temperature maintenance, and outdoor expansion. The range reduction of pure electric vehicles is better than the industry average, and the parking heating experience of engine vehicles is greatly improved.

[0095] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance system, characterized in that, It includes a fuel supply module, a combustion heating module, a water circulation module, a temperature control execution module, and an intelligent control module. The fuel supply module includes a fuel tank, a fuel valve, and a pressure regulating valve. The fuel tank and the combustion heating module are replaced and adapted as a set. The combustion heating module includes a burner, an air inlet and a flue gas outlet. The burner adopts a three-stage burner segmented combustion structure. The number of burners activated is adjusted according to the ambient temperature and heating requirements: three burners are activated in extremely cold regions, two burners are activated in medium-temperature zones, and a single burner is activated when only battery pack temperature maintenance is required. The water circulation module includes a water tank, a circulating water pump, a three-way valve one, and a three-way valve two. The combustion heating module and the water tank form a closed-loop water circuit through the circulating water pump. The three-way valve one and three-way valve two are used to switch between large circulation, small circulation, and water tank heat storage circulation modes. The temperature control execution module includes a battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device and a cab heating and air conditioning system. The cab heating and air conditioning system includes a heat core and a fan. The intelligent control module includes a control system integrating a temperature sensor, a water flow sensor, and a water-gas linkage valve. The temperature sensor is deployed in the battery pack, cab, and water tank. The water-gas linkage valve controls the opening and closing of the fuel passage.

2. The vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an outdoor expansion module, which includes several outdoor expansion interfaces and outdoor function adapter components. The several outdoor expansion interfaces are connected to the fuel tank and the combustion heater, respectively.

3. The vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an engine-related module, a water circulation module equipped with an electronic pump, a reversing valve, a radiator, and a carburetor; the engine-related module includes an engine and an engine waste water circuit, with the engine connected to the original vehicle's fuel tank; the combustion heating module is connected to the engine waste water circuit and the radiator via a reversing valve; the electronic pump assists in regulating the water circulation flow rate; the reversing valve is used to control the on / off state of the engine waste water circuit and the closed-loop water circuit; and the carburetor is connected to the original vehicle's fuel tank. The control system is equipped with a mode switching controller, which is used to switch between engine waste heat mode and independent combustion mode.

4. The vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-way valve is located at the burner input end, with branch one connected to the water storage tank output end, branch two connected to the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device output end, and branch three connected to the burner inlet via a circulating water pump. The three-way valve 2 is located at the burner output end, with branch 1 connected to the burner outlet, branch 2 connected to the inlet of the cab heating and air conditioning system, and branch 3 connected to the inlet of the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device.

5. The vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water flow sensor uses a Hall sensor or a mechanical rotor structure.

6. The vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The activation rules for the three-stage combustor structure are as follows: in extremely cold regions below -20℃, the three-stage combustor is activated; in the medium-temperature zone from -10℃ to 5℃, the two-stage combustor is activated; and when only the battery pack needs to be kept at a certain temperature, the single-stage combustor is activated.

7. A vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance method compatible with the vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It includes selecting the appropriate fuel tank type based on the vehicle model and the fuel type based on the usage scenario; replacing the fuel tank and combustion heater components with the corresponding ones; switching between large circulation, small circulation, or water tank heat storage circulation modes via three-way valve one and three-way valve two according to heating requirements; and adjusting the number of burner burners to be opened according to ambient temperature and heating requirements to achieve graded adjustment of combustion power.

8. The vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance method according to claim 7, characterized in that, It employs a two-stage temperature control system. The first stage controls preheating before driving and heating while parking, while the second stage maintains the temperature of the battery pack independently. A water flow sensor detects the water flow rate and adjusts the gas volume and combustion power accordingly. A water-gas linkage valve cuts off the fuel supply when the water flow is interrupted. During temperature control, the first stage defaults to high-power heating and switches to medium or low-power heating once the target temperature is reached. The second stage defaults to low-power heating and heats the water in the water tank when the battery pack temperature is up to standard but the cab temperature is insufficient.

9. The vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Large circulation mode: Three-way valve one connects the water storage tank and the burner, and three-way valve two connects the burner and the cab heating and air conditioning system. Hot water flows through the cab and battery pack and then flows back to the water storage tank. Small circulation mode: Three-way valve one connects the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device to the burner, and three-way valve two connects the burner to the battery pack heating and temperature maintenance device, so that hot water circulates in a closed loop between the burner and the battery pack. Water storage tank heat storage mode: Switch to a water path that only connects to the water storage tank.

10. The vehicle-mounted heating and temperature maintenance method according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes mode switching control, which works in conjunction with the reversing valve to automatically switch between engine waste heat mode and independent combustion mode based on engine coolant temperature and battery SOC value; independent combustion mode is prioritized when the vehicle is parked.

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