Biomass fuel blending combustion system of coal-fired unit

Abstract

The invention provides a blending combustion biomass fuel system of a coal-fired unit, belongs to the technical field of clean energy, and can at least partially solve the problems that in an existing oxygen-enriched combustion technology, the energy consumption is huge in the process of preparing high-purity oxygen, so that the net efficiency of a power plant is reduced, and the economical efficiency is poor; meanwhile, the existing energy storage technology is difficult to meet the energy storage and release requirements of the oxygen-enriched combustion system on intermittent renewable energy consumption and deep peak regulation; the system comprises a circulating energy storage system, a carbon dioxide storage and conveying system, a biomass coal mill and a coal-fired unit, redundant electric energy is used for driving a magnesium oxide electrolysis device, high-purity oxygen and magnesium particles are generated, and high energy consumption of conventional oxygen production is avoided; the circulating energy storage system is arranged, intermittent wind-light electric energy is stored in the electrolysis process, heat is released in the reactor, and the deep peak regulation requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of clean energy technology, specifically relating to a system for co-firing biomass fuel in coal-fired power units. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, coal-fired power generation, as the cornerstone of global electricity supply, is facing severe pressure to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the challenge of deep peak shaving. Traditional coal-fired units have high carbon emission intensity and limited flexible adjustment capabilities, making it difficult to adapt to the dual requirements of low carbon emissions and flexibility in new power systems. Oxy-fuel combustion technology, by replacing air with high-purity oxygen and mixing it with some flue gas, results in boiler exhaust consisting mainly of high-concentration carbon dioxide and water vapor, significantly simplifying the subsequent carbon capture process and representing one of the effective technological pathways to achieve near-zero emissions from coal-fired power plants.

[0003] However, the large-scale application of this technology is still constrained by two key bottlenecks: first, the process of producing high-purity oxygen is energy-intensive, leading to a significant decrease in the net efficiency of power plants and poor economic performance; second, existing energy storage technologies are unable to economically and efficiently meet the large-scale, long-term energy storage and release requirements of oxy-fuel combustion systems for the consumption of intermittent renewable energy and deep peak shaving. At the same time, relying solely on oxy-fuel combustion is insufficient to achieve negative carbon emissions. Biomass fuels possess near-zero carbon or negative carbon potential due to the absorption of carbon dioxide during their growth process, and co-firing them can further reduce the system's carbon footprint. However, biomass has a low calorific value and complex fuel characteristics, and large-scale co-firing in conventional coal-fired boilers easily leads to unstable combustion and low combustion efficiency. Furthermore, the ash residue in the boiler is difficult to handle. Therefore, we propose a system for co-firing biomass fuels in coal-fired units. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a system for co-firing biomass fuel in coal-fired power units.

[0005] This invention provides a system for co-firing biomass fuel in a coal-fired power unit, comprising: A circulating energy storage system includes a magnesium oxide electrolysis device for electrical connection to an external power grid to generate oxygen and magnesium during operation, and a reactor connected to the magnesium oxide electrolysis device via pipeline for converting the magnesium and carbon dioxide generated by the magnesium oxide electrolysis device into magnesium oxide and carbon and releasing heat during operation. A carbon dioxide storage and delivery system includes a carbon dioxide storage tank connected to the delivery pipeline of the reactor, and a first fan installed on the delivery pipeline for delivering carbon dioxide into the reactor during operation and transferring heat from the reactor to the biomass coal mill. The biomass pulverizer is connected to the reactor pipeline for drying biomass fuel using heat delivered by the first blower during operation; and A coal-fired unit, including a biomass burner connected to the pipeline of the biomass pulverizer.

[0006] Furthermore, the circulating energy storage system also includes a magnesium particle storage device connected to the pipeline of the magnesium oxide electrolysis device, a crushing and grinding device disposed at the discharge port of the magnesium particle storage device, and a magnesium powder storage device connected to the pipeline of the crushing and grinding device.

[0007] Specifically, the magnesium oxide electrolysis device is connected to a condenser for receiving oxygen from the magnesium oxide electrolysis device during operation and condensing and separating H2O from the oxygen.

[0008] Specifically, the condenser piping is connected to an oxygen storage tank for storing the oxygen discharged from the condenser during operation.

[0009] Preferably, the oxygen storage tank pipeline is connected to a gas mixer, and the oxygen storage tank delivery pipeline is connected to a cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator for producing nitrogen and oxygen during operation.

[0010] Specifically, the cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator pipeline is connected to a nitrogen storage tank for receiving and storing the nitrogen generated by the cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator during operation.

[0011] Furthermore, the gas mixer is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank pipeline to receive carbon dioxide during operation and mix it with oxygen supplied from the oxygen storage tank.

[0012] Furthermore, the gas mixer is connected to the air preheater in the coal-fired unit via a gas delivery pipeline, and a second fan is installed on the gas delivery pipeline to deliver the mixed gas to the air preheater of the coal-fired unit during operation.

[0013] Furthermore, the coal-fired unit also includes a dust collector installed at the flue gas outlet and a carbon dioxide separator connected to the dust collector via pipeline, the carbon dioxide separator being connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank via pipeline.

[0014] Specifically, the circulating energy storage device further includes a separator and a magnesium oxide storage tank connected to the separator via piping. The separator is connected to the reactor via piping to receive magnesium oxide and carbon from the reactor during operation and to separate the carbon from the magnesium oxide.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The system utilizes redundant electricity from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power to drive a magnesium oxide electrolysis unit, simultaneously producing high-purity oxygen and magnesium particles, thus avoiding the high energy consumption of conventional oxygen production. Energy is recovered through the exothermic reaction of magnesium and carbon dioxide, and the heat is used for biomass drying, further reducing auxiliary energy consumption and improving overall thermal efficiency and economics. A circulating energy storage system is incorporated to store intermittent wind and solar energy during the electrolysis process, releasing heat in the reactor to meet deep peak-shaving requirements. Compared to traditional energy storage technologies, this chemical energy storage method is low-cost, has a large capacity, and a long storage time, effectively addressing the volatility of renewable energy sources and ensuring stable system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of a biomass fuel co-firing system in a coal-fired unit according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; The components include: 1. Magnesium oxide electrolysis unit; 2. Condenser; 3. Magnesium particle storage tank; 4. Oxygen storage tank; 5. Magnesium powder storage tank; 6. Reactor; 7. Separator; 8. Magnesium oxide storage tank; 9. Gas mixer; 10. Second blower; 11. Cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator; 12. Nitrogen storage tank; 13. Air preheater; 14. Dust collector; 15. Carbon dioxide separator; 16. Carbon dioxide storage tank; 17. First blower; 18. Biomass coal mill; 19. Biomass burner; and 20. Coal-fired unit. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a coal-fired unit co-firing biomass fuel system, comprising: a circulating energy storage system, including a magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 electrically connected to an external power grid for generating oxygen and magnesium during operation, and a reactor 6 connected to the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 via pipeline for converting the magnesium and carbon dioxide generated by the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 into magnesium oxide and carbon and releasing heat during operation; a carbon dioxide storage and transportation system, including a carbon dioxide storage tank 16 connected to the transportation pipeline of the reactor 6, and a first fan 17 disposed on the transportation pipeline for transporting carbon dioxide into the reactor 6 during operation and transporting the heat in the reactor 6 to the biomass coal mill 18; a biomass coal mill 18 connected to the reactor 6 via pipeline for drying biomass fuel using the heat transported by the first fan 17 during operation; and a coal-fired unit 20, including a biomass burner 19 connected to the biomass coal mill 18 via pipeline.

[0019] Specifically, the magnesium oxide electrolysis unit 1 uses redundant electricity generated by wind and photovoltaic power generation to electrolyze magnesium oxide, producing magnesium and oxygen.

[0020] Furthermore, in reactor 6, magnesium (MgO) reacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce magnesium oxide (MgO) and carbon (C), as shown in the following chemical reaction formula: 2Mg + CO2 → 2MgO + C.

[0021] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 16 is introduced into the biomass coal mill 18 by the first blower 17, which carries out a large amount of heat released in the reactor. This heat is then used to transport and dry the biomass fuel pulverized by the biomass coal mill 18, and finally sent to the coal-fired unit 20 for combustion through the biomass burner 19.

[0022] Based on the above basic implementation method, the circulating energy storage system also includes a magnesium particle storage device 3 connected to the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 via a pipeline, a crushing and grinding device disposed at the discharge port of the magnesium particle storage device 3, and a magnesium powder storage device 5 connected to the crushing and grinding device via a pipeline.

[0023] Specifically, the magnesium pellet fuel produced by the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 is stored in the magnesium pellet storage tank 3, and then pulverized and ground by the pulverizing and grinding device to prepare magnesium powder, which is collected and stored in the magnesium powder storage tank 5. The magnesium powder in the magnesium powder storage tank 5 reacts with the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 16 in the reactor 6.

[0024] In one specific embodiment, the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 is connected to a condenser 2 that receives oxygen from the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 during operation and condenses and separates H2O from the oxygen. The condenser 2 is connected to an oxygen storage tank 4 for storing the oxygen discharged from the condenser during operation.

[0025] In this embodiment, the oxygen obtained from electrolysis in the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 is fed into the condenser 2 for condensation, and the resulting H2O is collected as boiler feedwater.

[0026] Furthermore, the dry oxygen is introduced into oxygen storage tank 4 for storage.

[0027] In another specific embodiment, the oxygen storage tank 4 is connected to a gas mixer 9 via a pipeline, and the oxygen storage tank 4 is connected to a cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator 11 for preparing nitrogen and oxygen during operation via a delivery pipeline.

[0028] Specifically, the cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator 11 separates high-purity nitrogen from the air using cryogenic technology. The core principle of cryogenic air separation nitrogen generation is to utilize the difference in boiling points between nitrogen and oxygen in the air to achieve separation through the following steps: the air passes through filters, compressors, and molecular sieves to remove impurities such as moisture, carbon dioxide, and acetylene; the purified air is cooled to below -196°C by a cooling system to liquefy it, and then fractionated through a distillation column to separate liquid nitrogen and oxygen by utilizing the difference in boiling points; the liquid nitrogen is heated by a vaporizer to convert it into gaseous nitrogen.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, the cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator 11 is connected to a nitrogen storage tank 12 that receives and stores the nitrogen generated by the cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator 11 during operation; the gas mixer 9 is connected to a carbon dioxide storage tank 16 for receiving carbon dioxide during operation and mixing the carbon dioxide with the oxygen supplied by the oxygen storage tank 4.

[0030] In this embodiment, the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 4 and the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 16 are both introduced into the gas mixer 9 as the primary air, secondary air and burnout air for combustion in the coal-fired unit 20.

[0031] Specifically, the gas mixer 9 first mixes carbon dioxide and oxygen in a set ratio to obtain an "oxygen-rich mixture"; then the downstream air distribution system (damper, baffle, fan, air box, nozzle, etc.) distributes this mixture into three air ducts with different functions, flow rates, and flow velocities according to the burner's graded air distribution requirements—namely, primary air, secondary air, and burnout air.

[0032] In another specific embodiment, the gas mixer 9 is connected to the air preheater 13 in the coal-fired unit 20 via a gas delivery pipeline. The gas delivery pipeline is equipped with a second fan 10 for delivering the mixed gas to the air preheater 13 in the coal-fired unit 20 during operation. The coal-fired unit 20 also includes a dust collector 14 installed at the flue gas outlet and a carbon dioxide separator 15 connected to the dust collector 14 via a pipeline for separating carbon dioxide from the flue gas during operation. The carbon dioxide separator 15 is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank 16 via a pipeline.

[0033] Furthermore, the circulating energy storage device also includes a separator 7 connected to the reactor 6 via pipeline for receiving magnesium oxide and carbon from the reactor 6 during operation and separating the carbon from the magnesium oxide, and a magnesium oxide storage tank 8 connected to the separator 7 via pipeline.

[0034] Furthermore, the magnesium powder in the magnesium powder storage tank 5 and the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 16 are fed into the reactor 6 to undergo a chemical reaction. The resulting mixture is then fed into the separator 7 for separation to obtain elemental carbon. The flue gas generated by the coal-fired unit 20 is first fed into the dust collector 14 for dust removal, and then into the carbon dioxide separator 15 for carbon dioxide enrichment. Finally, it is stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 16.

[0035] To aid in a better understanding of the invention, a more comprehensive and specific embodiment is described. In this embodiment, the invention provides a coal-fired unit co-firing biomass fuel system, comprising: a circulating energy storage system, including a magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 connected to an external power grid for generating oxygen and magnesium during operation; a reactor 6 connected to the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 via pipeline for converting the magnesium and carbon dioxide generated by the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 into magnesium oxide and carbon and releasing heat during operation; a carbon dioxide storage and transportation system, including a carbon dioxide storage tank 16 connected to the transportation pipeline of the reactor 6; a first fan 17 disposed on the transportation pipeline for supplying carbon dioxide to the reactor 6 during operation and transporting the heat from the reactor 6 to a biomass mill 18; a biomass mill 18 connected to the reactor 6 via pipeline for drying biomass fuel using the heat supplied by the first fan 17 during operation; and a coal-fired unit 20, including a biomass burner 19 connected to the biomass mill 18 via pipeline.

[0036] In this embodiment, the circulating energy storage system further includes a magnesium particle storage tank 3 connected to the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 via a pipeline, a crushing and grinding device disposed at the discharge port of the magnesium particle storage tank 3, and a magnesium powder storage tank 5 connected to the crushing and grinding device via a pipeline; the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 is connected to a condenser 2 that receives oxygen from the magnesium oxide electrolysis device 1 during operation and condenses and separates H2O from the oxygen; the condenser 2 is connected to an oxygen storage tank 4 for storing the oxygen discharged from the condenser 2 during operation; the oxygen storage tank 4 is connected to a gas mixer 9 via a pipeline, and the oxygen storage tank 4 is connected to a cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator 11 for preparing nitrogen and oxygen during operation; the cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator 11 is connected to a nitrogen storage tank 12 for receiving and storing the nitrogen produced by the cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator 11 during operation; the gas mixer 9 and the carbon dioxide storage tank 11 are connected to a nitrogen storage tank 12. Tank 16 is connected by pipelines to receive carbon dioxide during operation and mix it with oxygen supplied from oxygen storage tank 4; gas mixer 9 is connected to air preheater 13 in coal-fired unit 20 via gas supply pipeline, and a second fan 10 is provided on the gas supply pipeline to supply the mixed gas to air preheater 13 in coal-fired unit 20 during operation; coal-fired unit 20 also includes a dust collector 14 installed at the flue gas outlet and a carbon dioxide separator 15 connected to the dust collector 14 by pipeline to separate carbon dioxide from flue gas during operation, and carbon dioxide separator 15 is connected to carbon dioxide storage tank 16 by pipeline; the circulating energy storage device also includes a separator 7 connected to reactor 6 by pipeline to receive magnesium oxide and carbon from the reactor during operation and separate carbon from magnesium oxide, and a magnesium oxide storage tank 8 connected to the separator 7 by pipeline.

[0037] Furthermore, the operating method of this system is as follows: The redundant power generated by new energy wind and photovoltaic power generation provides electricity to the magnesium oxide electrolysis unit 1 to produce magnesium particles and oxygen. The oxygen is condensed in the condenser 2, and the resulting H2O is collected as boiler feedwater, while the dried oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage tank 4. The nitrogen and oxygen generated by the cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator 11 are stored in the nitrogen storage tank 12 and oxygen storage tank 4, respectively. The oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 4 and the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 16 are both fed into the gas mixer 9 as the primary air, secondary air, and burnout air for combustion in the coal-fired unit 20, and then fed into the air preheater 13 in the coal-fired unit 20 through the second fan 10 for preheating. The magnesium particle fuel produced by the magnesium oxide electrolysis unit 1 is stored in the magnesium particle storage tank 3. Magnesium powder is then prepared through crushing and other processes and collected and stored in magnesium powder storage tank 5. The magnesium powder in magnesium powder storage tank 5 reacts with carbon dioxide in carbon dioxide storage tank 16 in reactor 6. The resulting mixture is then separated in separator 7 to obtain carbon. Carbon dioxide in carbon dioxide storage tank 16 is introduced into biomass coal mill 18 by first fan 17, which carries away a large amount of heat released in reactor 6. This heat is then used to transport and dry the biomass fuel crushed by biomass coal mill 18, and finally sent to coal-fired unit 20 for combustion through biomass burner 19. The flue gas generated by coal-fired unit 20 is first passed to dust collector 14 for dust removal, then to carbon dioxide separator 15 for carbon dioxide enrichment, and finally stored in carbon dioxide storage tank 16.

[0038] In summary, the embodiments disclosed herein have at least the following technical effects: Significantly reducing oxygen production energy consumption and improving system economy: Traditional oxygen-enriched combustion relies on energy-intensive air separation for oxygen production, leading to a decrease in the net efficiency of power plants. This system utilizes redundant electricity from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power to drive the magnesium oxide electrolysis unit 1, simultaneously producing high-purity oxygen and magnesium particles, avoiding the high energy consumption of conventional oxygen production. Energy is recovered through the exothermic reaction of magnesium and carbon dioxide, and the heat is used for biomass drying, further reducing auxiliary energy consumption and improving overall thermal efficiency and economy.

[0039] Achieving large-scale, long-term energy storage and efficient renewable energy utilization: The system uses magnesium / magnesium oxide as a chemical energy storage carrier, utilizing an electrolysis process to store intermittent wind and solar power, and releasing heat in reactor 6 to meet deep peak shaving requirements. Compared with traditional energy storage technologies, this chemical energy storage method is low-cost, has a large capacity, and a long storage time, effectively coping with the volatility of renewable energy and ensuring stable system operation.

[0040] Promoting negative carbon emissions and a closed-loop carbon cycle: Simple oxygen-enriched combustion is unlikely to achieve negative carbon emissions, but this system, by co-firing "near-zero carbon" or "negative carbon" biomass fuels, combined with the capture, storage, and reuse of carbon dioxide in flue gas (which is then fed into the reactor to generate carbon), forms a closed-loop carbon dioxide cycle. The carbon produced by the reaction can be further utilized or stored, reducing the overall carbon footprint and even achieving net negative carbon emissions.

[0041] Improving biomass fuel utilization efficiency and combustion stability: Biomass has a low calorific value and high moisture content, which can easily lead to instability and low efficiency when co-fired in conventional boilers. This system utilizes the heat released from reactor 6 (heat is transferred through the first blower 17) to dry and transport the fuel in the biomass coal mill 18, improving the calorific value and uniformity of biomass and ensuring combustion efficiency and stability during large-scale co-firing. At the same time, it reduces the difficulty of ash and slag disposal and improves the overall performance of the boiler.

[0042] Optimized gas supply and flue gas treatment: A precisely proportioned mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide is provided as combustion air through oxygen storage tank 4, nitrogen storage tank 12, and gas mixer 9, supporting oxygen-enriched combustion mode and reducing NOx generation. After being treated by dust collector 14 and carbon dioxide separator 15, the flue gas is enriched with carbon dioxide and reused in the system, forming a high-efficiency cycle and reducing environmental pollution.

[0043] Enhanced system integration and flexibility: The system seamlessly connects to the external power grid, utilizing redundant electrical energy; simultaneously, the crushing, storage, and separation processes of magnesium particles ensure material recycling. Condenser 2 recovers H2O as boiler feedwater, further conserving resources. The overall design supports modular expansion, making it suitable for retrofitting existing coal-fired units and improving the sustainability and adaptability of the energy system.

[0044] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for co-firing biomass fuel in a coal-fired power unit, characterized in that, include: A circulating energy storage system includes a magnesium oxide electrolysis device for electrical connection to an external power grid to generate oxygen and magnesium during operation, and a reactor connected to the magnesium oxide electrolysis device via pipeline for converting the magnesium and carbon dioxide generated by the magnesium oxide electrolysis device into magnesium oxide and carbon and releasing heat during operation. A carbon dioxide storage and delivery system includes a carbon dioxide storage tank connected to the delivery pipeline of the reactor, and a first fan installed on the delivery pipeline for delivering carbon dioxide into the reactor during operation and transferring heat from the reactor to the biomass coal mill. The biomass pulverizer is connected to the reactor pipeline for drying biomass fuel using the heat delivered by the first blower during operation. as well as A coal-fired unit, including a biomass burner connected to the pipeline of the biomass pulverizer.

2. The biomass fuel co-firing system for coal-fired power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulating energy storage system also includes a magnesium particle storage device connected to the pipeline of the magnesium oxide electrolysis device, a crushing and grinding device disposed at the discharge port of the magnesium particle storage device, and a magnesium powder storage device connected to the pipeline of the crushing and grinding device.

3. The biomass fuel co-firing system for coal-fired power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnesium oxide electrolysis device is connected to a condenser for receiving oxygen from the device during operation and condensing and separating H2O from the oxygen.

4. The biomass fuel co-firing system for coal-fired power units according to claim 3, characterized in that, The condenser piping is connected to an oxygen storage tank for storing the oxygen discharged from the condenser during operation.

5. The biomass fuel co-firing system for coal-fired power units according to claim 4, characterized in that, The oxygen storage tank pipeline is connected to a gas mixer, and the oxygen storage tank delivery pipeline is connected to a cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator for producing nitrogen and oxygen during operation.

6. The biomass fuel co-firing system for coal-fired power units according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator is connected to a nitrogen storage tank for receiving and storing the nitrogen generated by the cryogenic air separation nitrogen generator during operation.

7. The biomass fuel co-firing system for coal-fired power units according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gas mixer is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank pipeline to receive carbon dioxide during operation and mix it with oxygen supplied from the oxygen storage tank.

8. The biomass fuel co-firing system for coal-fired power units according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gas mixer is connected to the air preheater in the coal-fired unit via a gas delivery pipeline, and a second fan is installed on the gas delivery pipeline to deliver the mixed gas to the air preheater of the coal-fired unit during operation.

9. The biomass fuel co-firing system for coal-fired power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coal-fired unit also includes a dust collector installed at the flue gas outlet and a carbon dioxide separator connected to the dust collector via pipeline, wherein the carbon dioxide separator is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank via pipeline.

10. The biomass fuel co-firing system for coal-fired power units according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The circulating energy storage device also includes a separator and a magnesium oxide storage tank connected to the separator via piping. The separator is connected to the reactor via piping to receive magnesium oxide and carbon from the reactor during operation and to separate the carbon from the magnesium oxide.

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