Rock geology civil air defense engineering anchoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock geology civil air defense engineering anchoring device which comprises an anchoring pipe, an adjusting rod is in threaded connection with the middles of two first mounting frames, first fastening assemblies are arranged at the two ends of the adjusting rod, a mounting box is fixedly connected with the middle of the anchoring pipe, and two super capacitor banks are fixedly connected with the two ends of the inner surface of the mounting box. A power generation assembly is arranged on the inner surface of the mounting box, two sliding rods are fixedly connected between the two first mounting frames, a plurality of second fastening assemblies are arranged at the right ends of the two sliding rods, a plurality of auxiliary fastening assemblies are arranged at the left ends of the two sliding rods, and a detection assembly is arranged at one end of the anchoring pipe. The first fastening assembly and the second fastening assembly are strongly mechanically anchored, stability is guaranteed, the follow-up auxiliary fastening assembly deals with dynamic impact and long-term creep deformation, the power generation assembly generates power and stores the power in the super capacitor bank, it is ensured that the device has the active response capacity, and visual early warning is conducted on the axial creep deformation slippage amount through the detection assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil defense engineering technology, specifically to anchoring devices for civil defense engineering in rock geology. Background Technology

[0002] Civil defense engineering (civil air defense engineering) is a key underground facility for ensuring the safety of personnel and materials during wartime. Anchoring devices (anchor rods), as tension members that penetrate deep into the strata, are connected to the engineering structure at one end and penetrate into the strata at the other end. As a core component for maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock and preventing the collapse of the engineering structure, their reliability is directly related to the damage resistance of civil defense engineering.

[0003] Traditional reinforced mortar anchors or mechanical expansion shell anchors are mostly rigid connections with positive Poisson's ratio characteristics (i.e., the diameter becomes thinner when under tension). Under the instantaneous strong pull-out force of the wartime explosion shock wave, the rod body is prone to the necking effect, which causes the friction between the rod and the rock wall to drop sharply, resulting in anchor detachment or brittle fracture. This cannot meet the high standard requirements of "nuclear and explosion resistant" for civil defense projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an anchoring device for civil defense engineering in rock geology, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an anchoring device for civil defense engineering in rock geology, comprising an anchoring pipe, two first mounting brackets fixedly connected to the inner walls of both ends of the anchoring pipe, an adjusting rod threadedly connected to the middle of the two first mounting brackets, two first fastening components provided at both ends of the adjusting rod, two mounting boxes fixedly connected to the middle of the anchoring pipe, a circuit board fixedly connected to the middle of the inner surface of the mounting box, two supercapacitor groups fixedly connected to both ends of the inner surface of the mounting box, a power generation component provided at the corner of the inner surface of the mounting box, two sliding rods fixedly connected between the two first mounting brackets, multiple second fastening components provided at the right end of the two sliding rods, multiple auxiliary fastening components provided at the left end of the two sliding rods, and a detection component provided at one end of the anchoring pipe.

[0006] Preferably, the first fastening assembly includes two sliders, multiple connecting rods, and two clamping blocks. The adjusting rod has two bidirectional threads at both ends. The two sliders are threaded to the two ends of the bidirectional threads. The two ends of the sliders are slidably connected to the two sliding rods. One end of the multiple connecting rods is hinged to the two ends of the two sliders. The two clamping blocks are hinged to the ends of the multiple connecting rods away from the sliders. The outer surface of the clamping blocks is provided with multiple spikes.

[0007] Preferably, the power generation component includes a support frame, stacked piezoelectric ceramics, multiple mounting plates, multiple springs, and a top cover. The support frame is fixedly connected to the corner of the inner surface of the mounting box. The stacked piezoelectric ceramics are fixedly connected to the surface of the support frame. The multiple mounting plates are arranged in an array and fixedly connected to the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramics. One end of each of the multiple springs is fixedly connected to the surface of the multiple mounting plates. The top cover is fixedly connected to the end of the multiple springs away from the mounting plates.

[0008] Preferably, the second fastening assembly includes a negative Poisson's ratio structural frame, an extension frame, and a limiting ring. The negative Poisson's ratio structural frame is movably disposed at the right end of the two slide rods. The extension frame is fixedly connected to the outer side of the negative Poisson's ratio structural frame. The outer side of the extension frame is coated with a friction particle coating. The limiting ring is fixedly connected to the inner side of the negative Poisson's ratio structural frame.

[0009] Preferably, the auxiliary fastening assembly includes a second mounting bracket, two heating resistance layers, and a shape memory alloy plate. The second mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the left end of the two slide rods, and two heat insulation pads are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second mounting bracket. The two ends of the two heating resistance layers are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the two heat insulation pads, and the two ends of the shape memory alloy plate are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second mounting bracket.

[0010] Preferably, the detection assembly includes a threaded rod, an observation plate, and an end cap, with the observation plate fixedly connected to one end of the threaded rod and the end cap fixedly connected to one end of the anchoring pipe.

[0011] Preferably, a cone head is fixedly connected to one end of the anchoring pipe.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the adjusting rod is provided with a hexagonal head, and a threaded hole is opened in the middle of the side of the hexagonal head. A nut is threadedly connected to the end of the adjusting rod near the hexagonal head.

[0013] Preferably, a U-shaped rod is movably arranged between the plurality of limiting rings.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] 1. The device of the present invention is provided with a first fastening component, a second fastening component, and an auxiliary fastening component. The first and second fastening components provide initial strong mechanical anchoring to ensure stability in the early stage of installation. The subsequent auxiliary fastening component is responsible for dealing with dynamic impact and long-term creep. When the anchoring tube is subjected to outward pull-out impact, the negative Poisson's ratio skeleton exerts a "tensile expansion effect", expanding radially while being stretched axially, so that the friction particle coating bites firmly into the rock wall, achieving passive "tightening with pulling". When an explosive shock wave signal is detected, the shape memory alloy uses the stored electrical energy to achieve active thermal expansion locking. The combination of the two forms a "active + passive" dual fastening, avoiding the problem that traditional rigid anchor rods are prone to anchoring due to necking effect under strong impact.

[0016] 2. The present invention also includes a power generation component, which can convert the energy of minor geological vibrations in peacetime or strong explosive shock waves in wartime into electrical energy and store it in a supercapacitor bank. The device does not require an external power source, which solves the problem of equipment failure caused by power outages in wartime, ensures that the device still has active response capability in extreme environments, and can also use weak electrical energy for heating and dehumidification in peacetime, thus extending the service life of the device in humid underground environments.

[0017] 3. The invention also includes a detection component that uses the change of a three-color band (green-yellow-red) to provide a visual warning of the axial creep and slippage of the anchoring device. At the same time, it uses the change of the relative angle between the observation plate and the end cap to monitor the rotational loosening of the internal adjusting rod. This mechanism is purely mechanical and requires no power supply. Even in the event of a power outage or electronic system failure during wartime, inspection personnel can still judge the safety status of the anchor rod at a glance, greatly reducing the difficulty and risk of maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the anchoring pipe of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first fastening component structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the mounting box of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second fastening component structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary fastening component structure of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Anchor pipe; 2. First mounting bracket; 3. Adjusting rod; 4. First fastening assembly; 41. Slider; 42. Connecting rod; 43. Clamping block; 5. Mounting box; 6. Circuit board; 7. Supercapacitor group; 8. Power generation assembly; 81. Support frame; 82. Stacked piezoelectric ceramics; 83. Mounting plate; 84. Spring; 85. Top cover; 9. Slide rod; 10. Second fastening assembly; 101. Negative Poisson's ratio structural skeleton; 102. Extension frame; 103. Limiting ring; 11. Auxiliary fastening assembly; 111. Second mounting bracket; 112. Heating resistance layer; 113. Shape memory alloy plate; 12. Detection assembly; 121. Threaded rod; 122. Observation plate; 123. End cap; 13. Cone; 14. Nut; 15. U-shaped rod. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Please see Figure 1-6 This invention provides a technical solution: a rock geological civil defense engineering anchoring device, comprising an anchoring pipe 1, two first mounting brackets 2 bolted to the inner walls of both ends of the anchoring pipe 1, an adjusting rod 3 threadedly connected to the middle of the two first mounting brackets 2, two first fastening components 4 mounted at both ends of the adjusting rod 3, two first mounting grooves symmetrically distributed in the middle of the anchoring pipe 1, two mounting boxes 5 bolted to the inner side of the first mounting grooves in the middle of the anchoring pipe 1, the mounting boxes 5 being made of insulating and flame-retardant material, a circuit board 6 bolted to the middle of the inner surface of the mounting box 5, two supercapacitor groups 7 bolted to both ends of the inner surface of the mounting box 5, and a power generation component 8 mounted at the corner of the inner surface of the mounting box 5. Two sliding rods 9 are bolted between two first mounting brackets 2. The two sliding rods 9 serve as guides and supports. Multiple second fastening components 10 are installed on the right end of the two sliding rods 9, and multiple auxiliary fastening components 11 are installed on the left end of the two sliding rods 9. A detection component 12 is installed at one end of the anchoring pipe 1. A cone head 13 made of hard alloy is welded to the end of the anchoring pipe 1 away from the detection component 12. A hexagonal head is welded to the end of the adjusting rod 3 away from the cone head 13. The hexagonal head is used to tighten the adjusting rod 3. A threaded hole is opened in the middle of the side of the hexagonal head. The threaded hole is used to install the detection component 12. A nut 14 is threadedly connected to the end of the adjusting rod 3 near the hexagonal head. This is used to prevent the adjusting rod 3 from retracting after mechanical anchoring is completed.

[0027] The first fastening assembly 4 includes two sliders 41, multiple connecting rods 42, and two clamping blocks 43. The adjusting rod 3 has two bidirectional threads at both ends. The two sliders 41 are threaded to the two ends of the bidirectional threads. The two ends of the sliders 41 are slidably connected to the two sliding rods 9. One end of the multiple connecting rods 42 is hinged to the two ends of the two sliders 41 by a pin. The two clamping blocks 43 are hinged to the ends of the multiple connecting rods 42 away from the sliders 41 by a pin. The outer surface of the clamping blocks 43 is integrally formed with multiple high-hardness spikes. The anchoring tube 1 has multiple second mounting grooves at both ends. The clamping blocks 43 can pass through the second mounting grooves to exit the anchoring tube 1.

[0028] The power generation component 8 includes a support frame 81, stacked piezoelectric ceramics 82, multiple mounting plates 83, multiple springs 84, and a top cover 85. The support frame 81 is bolted to the corner of the inner surface of the mounting box 5. The stacked piezoelectric ceramics 82 are bonded to the surface of the support frame 81. The multiple mounting plates 83 are distributed in an array and bonded to the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramics 82. One end of the multiple springs 84 is welded to the surface of the multiple mounting plates 83. The top cover 85 is welded to the end of the multiple springs 84 away from the mounting plates 83.

[0029] The second fastening assembly 10 includes a negative Poisson's ratio structural frame 101, an extension frame 102, and a limiting ring 103. The negative Poisson's ratio structural frame 101 adopts an arrow-shaped negative Poisson's ratio design (expands when under tension). The negative Poisson's ratio structural frame 101 is movably installed on the right end of the two slide rods 9. The extension frame 102 is welded to the outer side of the negative Poisson's ratio structural frame 101. The outer side of the extension frame 102 is coated with a friction particle coating. The limiting ring 103 is welded to the inner side of the negative Poisson's ratio structural frame 101. U-shaped rods 16 are inserted between multiple limiting rings 103. Multiple third mounting slots are opened at the right end of the anchoring pipe 1. The extension frame 102 can pass through the third mounting slots to exit the anchoring pipe 1.

[0030] The auxiliary fastening assembly 11 includes a second mounting bracket 111, two heating resistance layers 112, and a shape memory alloy plate 113. The second mounting bracket 111 is bolted to the left end of the two slide rods 9. Two heat insulation pads are bonded to the surface of the second mounting bracket 111 to prevent heat conduction inside the heat box. The two ends of the heating resistance layer 112 are bonded to the surface of the heat insulation pads. The heating resistance layer 112 is preferably made of flexible polyimide electric heating film, with etched constantan alloy heating circuits embedded in the film. The circuits are evenly distributed in a continuous S-shaped meandering pattern, which has the characteristics of rapid heating and uniform heating. The two ends of the shape memory alloy plate 113 are bolted to the outer surface of the second mounting bracket 111. The inner surfaces of the heating resistance layer 112 and the shape memory alloy plate 113 are tightly attached. Multiple fourth mounting slots are opened at the left end of the anchoring pipe 1. The second mounting bracket 111 abuts against the second mounting slots. The shape memory alloy plate 113 can pass through the fourth mounting slots to exit the anchoring pipe 1.

[0031] The detection assembly includes a threaded rod 121, an observation plate 122, and an end cap 123. The observation plate 122 is welded to one end of the threaded rod 121, and the other end of the threaded rod 121 is threaded into a threaded hole in the middle of the side of the hexagonal head. The end cap 123 is installed on the end of the anchoring pipe 1 away from the cone head 13 by bolts. The side of the observation plate 122 is coated with green (safety), yellow (warning), and red (danger) color stripes, and angle scale lines are opened on the side edge of the observation plate 122. An observation hole is opened at the upper end of the side of the end cap 123, and a longitudinal reference line is opened on the side of the end cap 123. The observation plate 122 is located inside the end cap 123, and the internal color and scale can be directly read through the observation hole.

[0032] Circuit board 6 is manufactured using a multilayer PCB process. Circuit board 6 is connected to the supercapacitor group 7, the stacked piezoelectric ceramic 82, and the heating resistor layer 112 via wires. It mainly integrates the following components:

[0033] Rectification management module: includes a full-bridge rectifier signal conditioning circuit (filter and amplifier) ​​used to separate the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric ceramic from the vibration signal;

[0034] Energy storage management module: includes voltage monitoring circuit, overvoltage protection circuit and power balancing circuit;

[0035] Central logic control unit: includes low-power microcontroller and timers;

[0036] Dual-mode power drive module: includes a PWM modulation circuit (using MOSFET) and a high-energy release switch (using high-power thyristor) connected in parallel.

[0037] Working principle: When using this invention, the construction personnel first drill anchor holes in the rock wall, and then insert the anchoring pipe 1 into the hole. At this time, the U-shaped rod 15 is inserted into the limiting ring 103 to ensure that the second fastening component 10 does not expand unexpectedly. After the anchoring pipe 1 is in place, the construction personnel use a tool to rotate the hexagonal head at the end of the adjusting rod 3. When the adjusting rod 3 rotates, the two sliders 41 are driven to move relative to each other along the sliding rod 9 by the bidirectional threads at both ends. The sliders 41 push the two clamping blocks 43 outward through the connecting rod 42, passing through the second mounting groove on the anchoring pipe 1, so that the high hardness spikes on the surface of the clamping block 43 are deeply embedded in the inner wall of the rock hole. Then tighten the nut 13 to complete the initial positioning and mechanical pre-tightening anchoring of the device.

[0038] Before the device is inserted, the negative Poisson's ratio structure skeleton 101 is restricted to a compressed and closed state by the U-shaped rod 16 so that it can be smoothly sent into the hole. After the first fastening component 4 is locked, the U-shaped rod 16 is pulled out from the limiting ring 103. At this time, the negative Poisson's ratio structure skeleton 101 is unrestrained. Under the action of elastic force, the compressed negative Poisson's ratio structure skeleton 101 opens up, driving the extension frame 102 on the surface to expand outward through the third mounting groove, so that the friction particle coating abuts against the rock wall, thereby generating a greater mechanical biting force. At this time, the second fastening component 10 is in the "defense" state. Once the subsequent anchor rod is subjected to outward pulling force, the negative Poisson's ratio structure will exert its "tension effect", and while being stretched axially, it will expand radially, further biting the rock wall tightly. The greater the pulling force, the greater the locking force, preventing the anchor from falling off.

[0039] Then screw the threaded rod 121 into the threaded hole in the middle of the side of the hexagonal head, and install the end cap 123 at the end of the anchoring pipe 1 with bolts. During subsequent maintenance and inspection, as the adjusting rod 3 slides outward, the observation plate 122 rotates accordingly. The color in the observation hole gradually changes from green to yellow, which can be used to visually determine whether the adjusting rod 3 has become loose. Once a red area appears, it means that the anchoring has failed or the rock mass is severely deformed, and it needs to be dealt with immediately. The angle scale line on the observation plate 122 is misaligned with the longitudinal reference line on the end cap 123, which can be used to visually read the rotation angle.

[0040] When vehicle traffic or minor geological activity occurs around the civil defense project, the power generation component 8 inside the mounting box 5 starts to work. The vibration causes the top cover 85 to compress or release the spring 84 under inertia, which in turn applies alternating pressure to the stacked piezoelectric ceramics 82. According to the piezoelectric effect, the stacked piezoelectric ceramics 82 generate weak alternating current. The rectification management module on the circuit board 6 rectifies and stabilizes this power and stores it in the supercapacitor group 7 inside the mounting box 5. When the power stored in the supercapacitor group 7 exceeds the preset high threshold, the central logic control unit activates the PWM modulation circuit in the dual-mode power drive module to output a low duty cycle pulse current to the heating resistor layer 112. The heat generated by this current on the resistor layer is controlled at a low level and is only used to maintain the internal temperature of the device slightly higher than the ambient temperature to dissipate moisture. It is not enough to trigger the phase change of the memory alloy, but it is enough to keep the internal temperature of the device slightly higher than the ambient temperature to prevent condensation.

[0041] When the civil defense project is subjected to an blast shock wave or a strong earthquake, the power generation component 8 is instantly and violently compressed, generating a high-voltage pulse signal. The central logic control unit on the circuit board 6 detects that the signal exceeds the set safety threshold and immediately closes the threshold trigger switch (thyristor). At this time, the electrical energy stored in the supercapacitor group 7 is released instantaneously with a large current, which is transmitted through the wire to the heating resistance layer 112 in the auxiliary fastening component 11. The heating resistance layer 112 heats up rapidly, and the heat is transferred to the tightly attached shape memory alloy plate 113. After the shape memory alloy plate 113 reaches the phase transition point, it utilizes its two-way memory effect or thermal buckling effect to violently arch outward and expand, passing through the fourth mounting groove and firmly pressing against the rock hole wall, providing a strong active locking force for the anchoring pipe 1 and preventing the rock mass from loosening. This invention has the advantages of being easy to use and having good performance.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0043] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Anchoring device for civil defense engineering in rock geology, comprising an anchoring pipe (1), characterized in that: The anchoring pipe (1) has two first mounting brackets (2) fixedly connected to the inner walls of both ends. The two first mounting brackets (2) are threaded with an adjusting rod (3) in the middle. The adjusting rod (3) has two first fastening components (4) at both ends. The anchoring pipe (1) has two mounting boxes (5) fixedly connected to the middle. The mounting box (5) has a circuit board (6) fixedly connected to the middle of its inner surface. The mounting box (5) has two supercapacitor groups (7) fixedly connected to both ends of its inner surface. The mounting box (5) has a power generation component (8) at the corner of its inner surface. The two first mounting brackets (2) have two sliding rods (9) fixedly connected between them. The two sliding rods (9) have multiple second fastening components (10) at their right ends and multiple auxiliary fastening components (11) at their left ends. The anchoring pipe (1) has a detection component (12) at one end.

2. The rock geological civil defense engineering anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fastening assembly (4) includes two sliders (41), multiple connecting rods (42), and two clamping blocks (43). The adjusting rod (3) has two bidirectional threads at both ends. The two sliders (41) are threaded to the two ends of the bidirectional threads. The two ends of the sliders (41) are slidably connected to the two sliding rods (9). One end of the multiple connecting rods (42) is hinged to the two ends of the two sliders (41). The two clamping blocks (43) are hinged to the ends of the multiple connecting rods (42) away from the sliders (41). The outer surface of the clamping blocks (43) is provided with multiple spikes.

3. The rock geological civil defense engineering anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation component (8) includes a support frame (81), stacked piezoelectric ceramics (82), multiple mounting plates (83), multiple springs (84), and a top cover (85). The support frame (81) is fixedly connected to the corner of the inner surface of the mounting box (5). The stacked piezoelectric ceramics (82) are fixedly connected to the surface of the support frame (81). The multiple mounting plates (83) are arranged in an array and fixedly connected to the surface of the stacked piezoelectric ceramics (82). One end of the multiple springs (84) is fixedly connected to the surface of the multiple mounting plates (83). The top cover (85) is fixedly connected to the end of the multiple springs (84) away from the mounting plates (83).

4. The rock geological civil defense engineering anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second fastening assembly (10) includes a negative Poisson's ratio structural frame (101), an extension frame (102), and a limiting ring (103). The negative Poisson's ratio structural frame (101) is movably disposed at the right end of the two slide rods (9). The extension frame (102) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the negative Poisson's ratio structural frame (101). The outer side of the extension frame (102) is coated with a friction particle coating. The limiting ring (103) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the negative Poisson's ratio structural frame (101).

5. The rock geological civil defense engineering anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary fastening assembly (11) includes a second mounting bracket (111), two heating resistance layers (112), and a shape memory alloy plate (113). The second mounting bracket (111) is fixedly connected to the left end of the two slide rods (9). Two heat insulation pads are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second mounting bracket (111). The two ends of the two heating resistance layers (112) are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the two heat insulation pads. The two ends of the shape memory alloy plate (113) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second mounting bracket (111).

6. The rock geological civil defense engineering anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection assembly includes a threaded rod (121), an observation plate (122), and an end cap (123). The observation plate (122) is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded rod (121), and the end cap (123) is fixedly connected to one end of the anchor pipe (1).

7. The rock geological civil defense engineering anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cone head (13) is fixedly connected to one end of the anchor pipe (1).

8. The rock geological civil defense engineering anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting rod (3) has a hexagonal head at one end, and a threaded hole is provided in the middle of the side of the hexagonal head. A nut (14) is threadedly connected to the end of the adjusting rod (3) near the hexagonal head.

9. The rock geological civil defense engineering anchoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A U-shaped rod (15) is movably arranged between the plurality of the limiting rings (103).

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