Sensing device for monitoring pile sinking effect of offshore pile foundation

Abstract

The invention provides a sensing device for monitoring the pile sinking effect of an offshore pile foundation, and relates to the field of ocean engineering and geotechnical engineering monitoring, the sensing device comprises a main floating platform, a plurality of vertical multidirectional diversion positioning columns are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the main floating platform, and the multidirectional diversion positioning columns are vertically arranged; the multidirectional flow guide positioning columns play a role in preliminary fixing and positioning, and a pile driver connector base is fixedly arranged at the top of the main floating platform. Precise positioning and environment adaptation are achieved through the multi-direction flow guide positioning column, a high-frequency piezoelectric accelerometer and a waterproof strain gauge are arranged in the integrated sensing pile body, shear thickening fluid buffering protection is matched, it is ensured that data are continuous and reliable under the extreme working condition, meanwhile, the soil-water coupling monitoring unit captures pile periphery soil stress and pore water pressure changes in real time, and the monitoring precision is improved. And the pile sinking effect is revealed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine engineering and geotechnical engineering monitoring technology, specifically a sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations. Background Technology

[0002] The pile driving process for offshore foundations is a complex dynamic penetration process involving strong nonlinear interactions between the pile, soil, and water under high-energy impact. Real-time and accurate monitoring of the pile driving effect is crucial for assessing the feasibility of pile driving, controlling pile integrity, optimizing construction techniques, ensuring project safety, and verifying design theories.

[0003] Most existing technologies focus on measuring a single physical quantity, such as monitoring only the pile top acceleration to estimate the bearing capacity, or using only strain gauges to measure local stress. The pile driving effect is essentially the result of multi-physical field coupling, dynamic response, structural strain, changes in soil pressure around the pile and pore water pressure. A single monitoring method cannot fully and synergistically reveal the pile driving mechanism, and it is difficult to accurately diagnose complex working conditions such as hammer rejection, pile slippage, and hidden cracks in the pile body. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations, comprising a main floating platform, wherein a plurality of vertical multi-directional positioning columns are fixedly installed at the bottom of the main floating platform, the multi-directional positioning columns being vertically positioned and serving as a preliminary fixing and positioning effect; a pile driver interface base is fixedly installed at the top of the main floating platform, the pile driver interface base having four corners with outward-facing base fixing bolt holes, the base fixing bolt holes having threaded holes for easy fixed connection with the main floating platform; a force transmission cap is fixedly installed at the top of the pile driver interface base, and an integrated sensing pile body capable of being raised, lowered, and moved is installed at the lower end of the force transmission cap.

[0006] Preferably, a force-transmitting cap is fixedly installed on the top of the pile driver interface base, and the force-transmitting cap is installed and connected to the bottom of the integrated sensor pile body.

[0007] Preferably, the integrated sensing pile body is provided with a sensor bus interface slot, a sensor core compartment is installed in the sensor bus interface slot, the sensor bus interface slot is used to inject shear thickening fluid, the sensor core compartment is provided with a rigid inner shell, and the sensor core compartment is used to place monitoring sensors.

[0008] Preferably, a pile tip sealing cap is installed at the bottom of the integrated sensing pile body, and the pile tip sealing cap is fixedly connected to the integrated sensing pile body. After the pile tip sealing cap is installed at the bottom of the integrated sensing pile body, it can achieve internal sealing of the sensor bus interface slot.

[0009] Preferably, a data wiring and preprocessing compartment is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the outer end face of the integrated sensing pile body, and the data wiring and preprocessing compartment is provided with a sensor bus interface slot with an opening facing outward.

[0010] Preferably, a data wireless transmission module is installed in the sensor bus interface slot, and an in-cabin data bus is installed and connected to the side of the data wireless transmission module near the integrated sensor pile body. One section of the in-cabin data bus extends into the interior of the integrated sensor pile body and is connected to the sensor core cabin for data transmission.

[0011] Preferably, the data wiring and preprocessing compartment outer end face is equipped with a slidingly openable wiring compartment sealing door. After the wiring compartment sealing door is closed, it can seal and protect the inside of the sensor bus interface slot.

[0012] Preferably, a current velocity profiler is installed on one side of the outer end face of each of the multi-directional flow positioning columns, and an upwardly extending current meter support arm is installed and connected to the top of the current velocity profiler.

[0013] Preferably, a status indicator is fixedly installed on the top of the main floating platform at the corresponding position of the multi-directional flow positioning column, and the status indicator is electrically connected to the flow meter support arm.

[0014] Preferably, a guide column earth pressure is installed on the inner side below the multi-directional positioning column, and a probe mounting through hole with an opening that runs vertically through the guide column earth pressure is provided inside the guide column earth pressure, and a porous water pressure integrated probe is installed in the probe mounting through hole. Beneficial effects

[0015] This invention provides a sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect in offshore pile foundations. It offers the following advantages: The invention achieves precise positioning and environmental adaptability through multi-directional flow positioning columns; integrates a high-frequency piezoelectric accelerometer and waterproof strain gauge within the sensing pile body; and utilizes shear-thickening fluid buffer protection to ensure continuous and reliable data even under extreme conditions. Simultaneously, the soil-water coupling monitoring unit captures real-time changes in soil stress and pore water pressure around the pile, revealing the pile driving effect. Furthermore, the ocean current velocity profiler assists in optimizing the construction window, and the wireless data transmission module enables real-time synchronous transmission of multiple physical fields, providing full-cycle data support for pile foundation bearing capacity analysis, construction process review, and design verification, significantly improving the safety and monitoring accuracy of offshore pile driving construction. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the external structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the external structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the BB direction.

[0017] In the diagram: 101. Main floating platform; 102. Status indicator; 103. Piling machine interface base; 104. Force transmission cap; 105. Base fixing bolt hole; 106. Integrated sensor pile body; 107. Pile tip sealing cap; 108. Wiring compartment sealing door; 109. Earth pressure of the guide column; 110. Probe mounting through hole; 111. Ocean current velocity profiler; 112. Current meter support arm; 113. Multi-directional guide positioning column; 114. Data wiring and preprocessing compartment; 115. Sensor bus interface slot; 116. Sensor core compartment; 117. Wireless data transmission module; 118. In-cabin data bus; 119. Pore water pressure integrated probe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides a sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations, such as... Figure 1-5 As shown, the system includes a main floating platform 101. Several vertical multi-directional flow-guiding positioning columns 113 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the main floating platform 101. The multi-directional flow-guiding positioning columns 113 are vertically positioned and serve as initial positioning devices. A pile driver interface base 103 is fixedly installed at the top of the main floating platform 101. The pile driver interface base 103 has four corners with outward-facing base fixing bolt holes 105. Threaded holes are provided in the base fixing bolt holes 105 for easy connection with the main floating platform 101. A force-transmitting cap 104 is fixedly installed at the top of the pile driver interface base 103. An integrated sensing pile body 106 capable of lifting and moving is installed at the lower end of the force-transmitting cap 104.

[0019] It should be further explained that the multi-directional flow positioning column 113 is subjected to various pressure tests of the sea current in multiple directions in order to find the most suitable time for pile driving.

[0020] Furthermore, a force transmission cap 104 is fixedly installed on the top of the pile driver interface base 103, and the force transmission cap 104 is installed and connected to the bottom of the integrated sensor pile body 106.

[0021] It should be further explained that the force-transmitting cap 104 drives the integrated sensing pile body 106 into the foundation by hammering.

[0022] Furthermore, the integrated sensing pile body 106 is provided with a sensor bus interface slot 115, and a sensor core compartment 116 is installed in the sensor bus interface slot 115. The sensor bus interface slot 115 is used to inject shear-thickening fluid. The sensor core compartment 116 is provided with a rigid inner shell and is used to place monitoring sensors.

[0023] Furthermore, a pile tip sealing cap 107 is installed at the bottom of the integrated sensing pile body 106. The pile tip sealing cap 107 is fixedly connected to the integrated sensing pile body 106. After the pile tip sealing cap 107 is installed at the bottom of the integrated sensing pile body 106, it can internally seal the sensor bus interface slot 115.

[0024] It should be further noted that the outer layer of the integrated sensing pile body 106 is a corrosion-resistant metal alloy and coated with an anti-bioadhesion coating.

[0025] Furthermore, a data wiring and preprocessing compartment 114 is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the outer end face of the integrated sensing pile body 106, and a sensor bus interface slot 115 with an outward opening is provided inside the data wiring and preprocessing compartment 114.

[0026] Furthermore, a data wireless transmission module 117 is installed in the sensor bus interface slot 115. An in-cabin data bus 118 is installed and connected to the side of the data wireless transmission module 117 near the integrated sensor pile body 106. One end of the in-cabin data bus 118 extends into the interior of the integrated sensor pile body 106 and is connected to the sensor core cabin 116 for data communication.

[0027] It should be further noted that the sensor core compartment 116 is equipped with high-frequency response piezoelectric accelerometers distributed along the axial direction, and the inner wall of the integrated sensing pile body 106 is inlaid with waterproof high-precision strain gauges.

[0028] Furthermore, the outer end face of the data wiring and preprocessing compartment 114 is equipped with a slidingly openable wiring compartment sealing door 108. After the wiring compartment sealing door 108 is closed, it can seal and protect the inside of the sensor bus interface slot 115.

[0029] It should be further explained that the wireless data transmission module 117 serves the function of signal transmission.

[0030] Furthermore, a current velocity profiler 111 is installed on one side of the outer end face of each of the multi-directional flow positioning columns 113, and an upwardly extending current meter support arm 112 is installed and connected to the top of the current velocity profiler 111.

[0031] It should be further noted that the ocean current velocity profiler 111 is an acoustic Doppler velocity profiler.

[0032] Furthermore, a status indicator 102 is fixedly installed on the top of the main floating platform 101 at the corresponding position of the multi-directional flow positioning column 113, and the status indicator 102 is electrically connected to the flow meter support arm 112.

[0033] It should be further noted that the status indicator 102 provides signal prompts through built-in LED lights and monitors seawater flow velocity through the ocean current velocity profiler 111.

[0034] Furthermore, a flow guide column earth pressure 109 is installed on the inner side below the multi-directional flow positioning column 113. The flow guide column earth pressure 109 is provided with a probe mounting through hole 110 that is open from top to bottom and is connected through the top and bottom. A porous water pressure integrated probe 119 is installed in the probe mounting through hole 110.

[0035] It should be further explained that the pore water pressure integrated probe 119 is used to detect water pressure and stress changes borne by the multi-directional flow positioning column 113. The high-frequency response miniature pore pressure sensor inside the pore water pressure integrated probe 119 is paired with the soil pressure 109 of the flow guiding column to jointly form a soil-water coupling monitoring unit. Data needs to be collected synchronously.

[0036] First, in the construction area, the assembled main floating platform 101 is towed to the designated pile position. Multiple multi-directional positioning columns 113 at the bottom of the platform are inserted into the seabed to provide initial positioning and anti-slip stability. Technicians confirm the platform's power supply and initial attitude are normal via LED signals from the status indicator 102. At this point, the ocean current velocity profiler 111, installed on the multi-directional positioning columns 113, begins operation. Extending into different water layers via a current meter support arm 112, it measures and feeds back real-time profile data of seawater velocity and direction to the monitoring center. This environmental data is used to assess whether the current sea conditions meet the requirements for pile driving operations, assisting in determining the optimal construction time window to avoid unfavorable hydrological conditions such as strong currents. Subsequently, the integrated sensing pile body 106 is aligned and connected to the impact hammer or hydraulic drive device of the pile driver through the force transmission cap 104 on its top. The pile driver interface base 103 is firmly locked to the main floating platform 101 through the base fixing bolt hole 105 to ensure that the pile driving impact force can be effectively and vertically transmitted downward.

[0037] Before pile driving begins, the sealing door 108 of the wiring compartment is opened to check the status of each connector in the data wiring and preprocessing compartment 114, and the system self-test is started. The high-frequency response piezoelectric accelerometer and waterproof high-precision strain gauge encapsulated in the sensor core compartment 116, as well as the pore water pressure integrated probe 119 in the soil pressure of the guide column 109, are all powered on and initialized, and the self-test signal is sent to the remote monitoring station via the data wireless transmission module 117 through the data bus 118 in the compartment.

[0038] After the pile driving operation is started, the impact force of the pile driver is applied to the top of the integrated sensor pile body 106 through the force transmission cap 104, driving it to penetrate into the seabed soil. During this high-energy impact process, dynamic response and structural strain monitoring are carried out first.

[0039] Dynamic response and structural strain monitoring utilizes high-frequency response piezoelectric accelerometers distributed along the axial direction of the integrated sensing pile body 106. These accelerometers capture the impact acceleration time history curves at different depths within the pile body with an extremely high sampling rate. Simultaneously, waterproof, high-precision strain gauges embedded in the inner wall of the pile body measure the dynamic strain of the pile. These two sets of data are collected through wiring within the sensor core chamber 116 and output via the interface of the sensor bus interface slot 115. The shear-thickening fluid injected outside the rigid inner shell of the sensor core chamber 116 undergoes a rapid increase in viscosity when subjected to the enormous shear force during pile driving, instantly transforming from a fluid to a near-solid state. This disperses and buffers the concentrated impact stress, effectively protecting the internal precision accelerometers and strain gauges from damage and ensuring the continuity and reliability of monitoring data under extreme conditions. Simultaneously with pile driving, the soil pressure 109 and pore water pressure integrated probe 119, installed at the lower part of the multi-directional positioning column 113 and fixed through the probe mounting hole 110, begin to operate. Located at a specific radial distance and depth around the pile, they sense in real time the changes in total soil stress and the generation and diffusion of excess pore water pressure caused by pile penetration, forming a soil-water coupling monitoring unit. This directly reveals the squeezing and reshaping effects of pile driving on the surrounding soil, as well as the potential soil liquefaction trend. All analog or digital signals generated by the sensors are uniformly collected to the sensor bus interface slot 115 of the data wiring and preprocessing compartment 114 through the cables laid inside the integrated sensor pile 106. The signal conditioning module inside the compartment can amplify, filter and perform other preprocessing on the raw signals. The processed multi-channel data streams are sent to the data wireless transmission module 117 through the data bus 118 inside the compartment. This module packages the multi-physics data and transmits it to the onshore or shipboard monitoring center in real time and synchronously through the wireless network.

[0040] Throughout the pile driving process, technicians can observe the change curves and spatial distribution maps of various physical quantities in real time through the monitoring center software interface. By comparing the waveforms of accelerometers at different depths, they can analyze the propagation and reflection of stress waves in the pile body, and diagnose in real time whether there are hidden cracks in the pile body or the pile end is in contact with a hard layer. At the same time, by combining strain data and dynamic equations, they can calculate the stress distribution and hammer energy transfer efficiency of the pile body. By monitoring the sudden rise and dissipation rate of pore water pressure, they can warn of the risk of pile slippage or assess the range of disturbance to the surrounding soil caused by pile driving.

[0041] Ocean current velocity data serves as an environmental background parameter, used to correct analytical models or explain certain fluctuations in monitoring data. When pile driving reaches the design elevation or encounters situations such as refusal to drive, the monitoring data can provide a direct basis for whether to continue driving or adjust the process. After the operation is completed, all timestamp-synchronized multiphysics field data are fully recorded and can be used for subsequent pile foundation bearing capacity analysis, construction process review, and design theory verification.

[0042] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations, comprising a main floating platform (101), characterized in that: The bottom of the main floating platform (101) is fixed with several vertical multi-directional flow positioning columns (113). The multi-directional flow positioning columns (113) are vertically positioned and serve as a preliminary fixed positioning effect. The top of the main floating platform (101) is fixed with a pile driver interface base (103). The four corners of the pile driver interface base (103) are provided with base fixing bolt holes (105) with openings facing outwards. The base fixing bolt holes (105) are provided with threaded holes to facilitate fixed connection with the main floating platform (101). The top of the pile driver interface base (103) is fixed with a force transmission cap (104). The lower end of the force transmission cap (104) is equipped with an integrated sensor pile body (106) that can be lifted and moved.

2. The sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that: A force transmission cap (104) is fixedly installed on the top of the pile driver interface base (103), and the force transmission cap (104) is installed and connected to the bottom of the integrated sensor pile body (106).

3. The sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations according to claim 2, characterized in that: The integrated sensing pile body (106) is provided with a sensor bus interface slot (115), and a sensor core compartment (116) is installed in the sensor bus interface slot (115). The sensor bus interface slot (115) is used to inject shear thickening fluid. The sensor core compartment (116) is provided with a rigid inner shell and is used to place monitoring sensors.

4. The sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the integrated sensing pile body (106) is equipped with a pile tip sealing cap (107), which is fixedly connected to the integrated sensing pile body (106). After the pile tip sealing cap (107) is installed at the bottom of the integrated sensing pile body (106), it can internally seal the sensor bus interface slot (115).

5. The sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations according to claim 3, characterized in that: A data wiring and preprocessing compartment (114) is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the outer end face of the integrated sensing pile body (106). The data wiring and preprocessing compartment (114) is provided with a sensor bus interface slot (115) with an opening facing outward.

6. The sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations according to claim 5, characterized in that: A data wireless transmission module (117) is installed in the sensor bus interface slot (115). The data wireless transmission module (117) is connected to an in-cabin data bus (118) on the side near the integrated sensor pile body (106). One end of the in-cabin data bus (118) extends into the interior of the integrated sensor pile body (106) and is connected to the sensor core cabin (116) for data connection.

7. The sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The data wiring and preprocessing compartment (114) is equipped with a slidingly openable wiring compartment sealing door (108). After the wiring compartment sealing door (108) is closed, it can seal and protect the inside of the sensor bus interface slot (115).

8. The sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that: A current velocity profiler (111) is installed on one side of the outer end face of the multi-directional flow positioning column (113) on each side, and a current meter support arm (112) extending upward is installed and connected to the top of the current velocity profiler (111).

9. A sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations according to claim 8, characterized in that: A status indicator (102) is fixedly installed on the top of the main floating platform (101) at the corresponding position of the multi-directional flow positioning column (113), and the status indicator (102) is electrically connected to the flow meter support arm (112).

10. A sensing device for monitoring the pile driving effect of offshore pile foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-directional positioning column (113) is equipped with a flow guide column earth pressure (109) on the inner side below. The flow guide column earth pressure (109) is provided with a probe mounting through hole (110) that is open and connected from top to bottom. A porous water pressure integrated probe (119) is installed in the probe mounting through hole (110).

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