A rock-soil foundation pit construction slope supporting mechanism

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of geotechnical foundation pit construction slope support mechanism, belong to geotechnical foundation pit construction technical field, including support structure and the adjusting mechanism being set to the outside of support structure, the support structure includes bottom plate, guard plate, abutment plate, guide rod and buffer spring, still include counterweight structure for adjusting gravity center being set to the outside of bottom plate, the layered anchoring structure for resisting pullout force being set to the surface of bottom plate and extending to its bottom side and the transmission structure being set to one side of abutment plate and respectively and counterweight structure and layered anchoring structure linkage;The counterweight structure includes slide seat being fixedly connected to the top of bottom plate and slider being slidably connected to the inside of slide seat.This geotechnical foundation pit construction slope support mechanism, with gravity center real-time adjustment, layered anchoring stability, supporting strength self-adaption, pressure dispersion uniform and wide application range and so on, realize the effect of promoting foundation pit support stability, reduce maintenance cost, adapt complex geotechnical environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical foundation pit construction technology, specifically to a slope support mechanism for geotechnical foundation pit construction. Background Technology

[0002] Foundation pit engineering is a systematic project that integrates geological engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering and geotechnical testing technology. Its main contents include engineering investigation, support structure setting and construction, earthwork excavation and backfilling, groundwater control, information-based construction and surrounding environmental protection. The simplest and most economical way to construct foundation pits is to excavate with a wide slope, but this is often limited by site conditions and the surrounding environment.

[0003] Chinese patent CN222161305U discloses a slope support mechanism for geotechnical foundation pit construction, including a base plate. An adjustment mechanism is provided above the base plate. The adjustment mechanism includes a protective plate. Two fixing blocks are fixedly connected to the left side of the protective plate. A fixing plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate. Two sets of fixing nails are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base plate. Four sets of auxiliary ground nails are fixedly connected to the outer surface of each set of fixing nails. A sliding groove is provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate.

[0004] The aforementioned patent has the following shortcomings: the fixing nails of the slope support mechanism for the construction of the soil and rock foundation pit are simply reinforced by auxiliary ground nails and fixing rings. When encountering lateral pressure or soil and rock settlement on the slope of the foundation pit, the fixing structure is prone to displacement, and there is even a risk of pull-out, which cannot guarantee the stability of the support. In addition, the bottom plate and the soil and rock are in surface contact form, lacking reinforced anchoring components that penetrate deep into the soil and rock. The overall resistance to lateral displacement is weak, making it difficult to adapt to complex and changeable soil and rock environments and large slope pressures.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to improve the aforementioned equipment in order to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a slope support mechanism for geotechnical foundation pit construction, which has advantages such as real-time adjustment of center of gravity, layered anchoring stability, adaptive support force, uniform pressure distribution, and wide applicability. It achieves the effects of improving the stability of foundation pit support, reducing maintenance costs, and adapting to complex geotechnical environments.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a slope support mechanism for construction of a geotechnical foundation pit, comprising a support structure and an adjustment mechanism disposed outside the support structure. The support structure includes a base plate, a protective plate, an abutment plate, a guide rod, and a buffer spring. It also includes a counterweight structure disposed outside the base plate for adjusting the center of gravity, a layered anchoring structure disposed on the surface of the base plate and extending to its bottom side for resisting pull-out forces, and a transmission structure disposed on one side of the abutment plate and linked to the counterweight structure and the layered anchoring structure respectively.

[0008] The counterweight structure includes a slide block fixedly connected to the top of the base plate and a slider slidably connected inside the slide block, a moving rod fixedly connected to the left side of the slider, a connecting block fixedly connected to the other end of the moving rod, a counterweight block fixedly connected to the bottom side of the connecting block, and a nail tooth fixedly connected to the bottom of the counterweight block.

[0009] The layered anchoring structure includes a pair of conical cylinders fixedly connected to the inside of the base plate, an anchor rod that passes through the inside of the conical cylinders and extends to the outside, an abutting ball fixedly connected to one end of the anchor rod near the conical cylinder, a movable plate slidably connected inside the conical cylinder, a transmission rod fixedly connected inside the movable plate and extending to the surface of the conical cylinder, and a transmission ball fixedly connected to the bottom end of the transmission rod and abutting the abutting ball.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the slider is adapted to the inner diameter of the slide block, a limiting rod extending into the slide block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slider, a fixing block is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving rod, an elastic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing block, and a locking block that abuts against the surface of the base plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the elastic telescopic rod.

[0011] Furthermore, an abutting spring is fixedly connected between the abutting ball and the anchoring rod. The abutting spring is connected around the outside of the anchoring rod and located inside the conical cylinder. The top of the conical cylinder is flush with the top of the base plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the movable plate is a solid disc, the outer diameter of the movable plate is adapted to the inner diameter of the conical cylinder, the top end of the transmission rod is fixedly connected to a limit block, the transmission rod is slidably connected to the inside of the conical cylinder and extends to its surface, the number of anchor rods, abutting balls and abutting springs are multiple sets, the multiple sets of anchor rods, abutting balls and abutting springs are arranged in a ring inside the conical cylinder, and a three-way air supply pipe is fixedly connected between the tops of the two conical cylinders.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission structure includes a connecting frame fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod, a first piston cylinder fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, and a second piston cylinder fixedly connected to the inside of the slide block. A stop plate is slidably connected inside the second piston cylinder. An abutting cylinder extending to the surface of the first piston cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the stop plate. A return spring is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bottom end of the abutting cylinder. An oblique abutting block that abuts against the outer surface of the abutting cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the connecting frame.

[0014] Furthermore, a valve pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the first piston cylinder, a connecting pipe is fixedly connected between the valve pipe and the second piston cylinder, and a piston rod extending to the outside is slidably connected inside the second piston cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, a tension spring is fixedly connected between one end of the piston rod and the inner wall of the second piston cylinder, and a top block is fixedly connected to the other end of the piston rod. The top block is located on one side of the slider, and the connecting pipe and the three-way gas supply pipe are fixedly connected.

[0016] Furthermore, the protective plate is hinged to one side of the base plate, the abutment plate is located outside the protective plate, the guide rod is fixedly connected to the back of the abutment plate and passes through the protective plate, the buffer spring is fixedly connected between the abutment plate and the protective plate, and a limit ring is fixedly connected to the outside of the guide rod.

[0017] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes a mounting box fixedly connected to the top of the base plate and a second hinge seat fixedly connected to the back of the protective plate. A forward and reverse motor is fixedly mounted on the outside of the mounting box. A reciprocating screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the forward and reverse motor. The reciprocating screw is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting box. A moving block is threadedly connected to the outside of the reciprocating screw. A first hinge seat is fixedly connected to the top of the moving block. A connecting rod is fixedly hinged between the first hinge seat and the second hinge seat. A guide groove is provided inside the mounting box. A guide block that is slidably connected to the guide groove is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving block.

[0018] Furthermore, the counterweight structure, the layered anchoring structure, and the transmission structure are all in two sets, and the two sets of counterweight structure, layered anchoring structure, and transmission structure are symmetrically distributed on the top of the base plate.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a slope support mechanism for soil and rock foundation pit construction, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. In this invention, when the abutment plate is squeezed by the pressure of the foundation pit slope, the guide rod drives the connecting frame to press down, and the inclined abutment block squeezes the abutment cylinder, triggering the first piston cylinder to pump air to the second piston cylinder through the valve pipe and the connecting pipe. The air pressure pushes the piston rod to overcome the tension of the tension spring, and drives the top block to squeeze the slider, so that the counterweight block slides outward along the slide seat. At the same time, the locking block is locked into the outside of the bottom plate to complete the fixation. The center of gravity is adjusted in real time through gas transmission. With the help of the nail teeth, the bottom grip is enhanced, the anti-overturning moment of the device is improved, and the risk of center of gravity shift caused by lateral pressure is effectively resisted.

[0021] 2. In this invention, the air pressure injected into the second piston cylinder through the transmission structure is simultaneously delivered to the conical cylinder through the connecting pipe and the three-way air supply pipe, which pushes the moving plate to drive the transmission rod to press down. The transmission ball squeezes and abuts the sphere, causing multiple sets of anchor rods to extend outward and insert into the soil. The layered anchor rods and the abutting spring form an elastic buffer layer, which can disperse the deformation stress of the soil and avoid local pull-out. The layered anchoring can significantly reduce the probability of the conical cylinder breaking and ensure the stability of the support.

[0022] 3. This invention achieves closed-loop control of pressure sensing, center of gravity adjustment, and anchoring reinforcement through the pneumatic linkage between the first and second piston cylinders. This enables adaptive control of the support force, reducing maintenance costs and failure rates. The gas pumping transmission provides uniform and continuous power for the anchoring action. Combined with the multi-group three-dimensional anchoring setup of the layered anchoring structure, it significantly increases the contact area and gripping force between the device and the soil and rock, effectively resisting the risk of pull-out caused by lateral pressure and soil and rock settlement.

[0023] 4. This invention uses a reciprocating motor to drive a reciprocating screw to rotate. Through the hinged engagement of the connecting rod with the first hinge seat and the second hinge seat, the tilt adjustment of the protective plate is achieved. Combined with the elastic buffering of the buffer spring and the abutment plate, the concentrated pressure is transformed into a distributed load, thereby improving the uniformity of pressure distribution on the surface of the protective plate and significantly reducing the risk of structural failure caused by local stress concentration.

[0024] 5. This invention, through the coordinated operation of two sets of counterweight structures, layered anchoring structures, and transmission structures, enables the pressure borne by both sides of the protective plate of the support structure to be synchronously transmitted to the counterweight structures and layered anchoring structures on both sides through the corresponding transmission structures, avoiding the deformation of the device caused by the concentration of force on one side; through the balance of the center of gravity of the base plate in conjunction with the counterweight structures on both sides and the deep anchoring of the layered anchoring structures, the device can stably adapt to the foundation pit support requirements in complex rock and soil environments, thus broadening its scope of application. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of structure A is shown below;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the layered anchoring structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the layered anchoring structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the transmission structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Support structure; 11. Base plate; 12. Protective plate; 13. Abutment plate; 14. Guide rod; 15. Buffer spring; 2. Adjustment mechanism; 21. Mounting box; 22. Forward and reverse motor; 23. Reciprocating screw; 24. Moving block; 25. First hinge seat; 26. Second hinge seat; 27. Connecting rod; 28. Guide groove; 3. Counterweight structure; 31. Slide seat; 32. Slider; 33. Moving rod; 34. Connecting block; 35. Counterweight block; 36. Screw tooth; 37. Fixing block; 38. Elastic telescopic rod; 39. 4. Locking block; 4. Layered anchoring structure; 41. Conical cylinder; 42. Anchoring rod; 43. Abutting ball; 44. Abutting spring; 45. Transmission rod; 46. Moving plate; 47. Transmission ball; 48. Limiting block; 49. Three-way air supply pipe; 5. Transmission structure; 51. Connecting frame; 52. First piston cylinder; 53. Second piston cylinder; 54. Plug plate; 55. Abutting cylinder; 56. Return spring; 57. Angled abutting block; 58. Valve pipe; 59. Connecting pipe; 510. Piston rod; 511. Tension spring; 512. Top block. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Please see Figures 1 to 7 This embodiment of a slope protection mechanism for a geotechnical foundation pit includes a support structure 1 and an adjustment mechanism 2 disposed outside the support structure 1. The support structure 1 includes a base plate 11, a protective plate 12, an abutment plate 13, a guide rod 14, and a buffer spring 15. It also includes a counterweight structure 3 disposed outside the base plate 11 for adjusting the center of gravity, a layered anchoring structure 4 disposed on the surface of the base plate 11 and extending to its bottom side for resisting pull-out forces, and a transmission structure 5 disposed on one side of the abutment plate 13 and linked with the counterweight structure 3 and the layered anchoring structure 4 respectively. The protective plate 12 is hinged to one side of the base plate 11, the abutment plate 13 is located outside the protective plate 12, the guide rod 14 is fixedly connected to the back of the abutment plate 13 and passes through the protective plate 12, the buffer spring 15 is fixedly connected between the abutment plate 13 and the protective plate 12, and a limit ring is fixedly connected to the outside of the guide rod 14.

[0035] The counterweight structure 3 includes a slide block 31 fixedly connected to the top of the base plate 11, a slider 32 slidably connected inside the slide block 31, a moving rod 33 fixedly connected to the left side of the slider 32, a connecting block 34 fixedly connected to the other end of the moving rod 33, a counterweight block 35 fixedly connected to the bottom side of the connecting block 34, and a nail tooth 36 fixedly connected to the bottom of the counterweight block 35. The sliding engagement between the slide block 31 and the slider 32 provides stable guidance for the displacement of the counterweight block 35. The moving rod 33 and the connecting block 34 effectively transmit force, ensuring that the movement of the slider 32 can precisely drive the counterweight block 35 to adjust its position. The nail tooth 36 at the bottom of the counterweight block 35 enhances the meshing with the soil and rock, preventing the counterweight block 35 from shifting itself and improving the stability and effectiveness of the center of gravity adjustment.

[0036] Specifically, the outer diameter of the slider 32 is matched with the inner diameter of the slide block 31. A limiting rod extending into the slide block 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slider 32. A fixing block 37 is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving rod 33. An elastic telescopic rod 38 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing block 37. A locking block 39 that abuts against the surface of the base plate 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the elastic telescopic rod 38. By setting the matching of the slider 32 and the slide block 31 and the setting of the limiting rod, the slider 32 can be prevented from shifting or falling off when sliding, ensuring the accuracy of the displacement of the counterweight 35. The cooperation of the fixing block 37, the elastic telescopic rod 38 and the locking block 39 can automatically lock and fix the counterweight 35 after it is adjusted to the position, avoiding loosening due to vibration or pressure changes after the center of gravity is adjusted. When the counterweight structure 3 needs to be reset, the locking block 39 can be lifted to release the fixation. The operation is convenient and efficient, further improving the adaptive adjustment capability and ease of use of the device.

[0037] In this embodiment, the layered anchoring structure 4 includes a pair of conical cylinders 41 fixedly connected inside the base plate 11, an anchoring rod 42 extending through the inside of the conical cylinders 41 and to the outside, an abutting ball 43 fixedly connected to one end of the anchoring rod 42 near the conical cylinder 41, a movable plate 46 slidably connected inside the conical cylinder 41, a transmission rod 45 fixedly connected inside the movable plate 46 and extending to the surface of the conical cylinder 41, and a transmission ball 47 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the transmission rod 45 and abutting the abutting ball 43. Through the cooperation of the transmission rod 45, the transmission ball 47, and the abutting ball 43, axial power can be converted into radial extension force of the anchoring rod 42, realizing the flexible extension and retraction of the anchoring rod 42. This provides a reliable power transmission structure for layered anchoring, ensuring that the anchoring rod 42 can be accurately inserted into the soil and rock, and improving the adaptability and driving force transmission efficiency of the anchoring structure.

[0038] An abutting spring 44 is fixedly connected between the abutting ball 43 and the anchor rod 42. The abutting spring 44 is connected around the outside of the anchor rod 42 and is located inside the conical cylinder 41. The top of the conical cylinder 41 is flush with the top of the bottom plate 11.

[0039] Specifically, the movable plate 46 is a solid disc, and the outer diameter of the movable plate 46 is adapted to the inner diameter of the conical cylinder 41. The top end of the transmission rod 45 is fixedly connected to the limit block 48. The transmission rod 45 is slidably connected to the inside of the conical cylinder 41 and extends to its surface. There are multiple sets of anchor rods 42, abutting balls 43 and abutting springs 44. Multiple sets of anchor rods 42, abutting balls 43 and abutting springs 44 are arranged in a ring inside the conical cylinder 41. A three-way air supply pipe 49 is fixedly connected between the tops of the two conical cylinders 41. The matching arrangement of the movable plate 46 and the conical cylinder 41 ensures uniform power transmission, and the limiting block 48 prevents the transmission rod 45 from sliding excessively and falling off, ensuring transmission reliability. Multiple sets of ring-distributed anchor rods 42 form a multi-level three-dimensional anchoring system, which greatly increases the contact area and gripping force with the soil and rock, effectively resisting pull-out force. The three-way air supply pipe 49 realizes the synchronous power transmission of the two conical cylinders 41, ensuring that the anchoring action on both sides is consistent, and improving the balance and stability of the anchoring.

[0040] In this embodiment, the transmission structure 5 includes a connecting frame 51 fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod 14, a first piston cylinder 52 fixedly connected to the top of the base plate 11, and a second piston cylinder 53 fixedly connected to the inside of the slide block 31. A stopper plate 54 is slidably connected inside the second piston cylinder 53. An abutting cylinder 55 extending to the surface of the first piston cylinder 52 is fixedly connected to the top of the stopper plate 54. A return spring 56 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bottom end of the abutting cylinder 55. An inclined abutting block 57 abutting against the outer surface of the abutting cylinder 55 is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the connecting frame 51. The movement of the guide rod 14 drives the connecting frame 51 to move, realizing the instantaneous sensing and transmission of the external slope pressure of the abutment plate 13. This causes the inclined abutment block 57 to push the abutment cylinder 55, realizing the pressure transmission between the first piston cylinder 52 and the second piston cylinder 53. Finally, the piston rod 510 is pushed to drive the top block 512 to push the slider 32, so that the counterweight structure 3 and the layered anchoring structure 4 are linked. This allows the center of gravity and anchoring force to be automatically adjusted according to the slope stress, improving the self-adaptability and stability of the support mechanism.

[0041] The first piston cylinder 52 is externally connected to a valve pipe 58, and a connecting pipe 59 is fixedly connected between the valve pipe 58 and the second piston cylinder 53. A piston rod 510 extending to the outside of the second piston cylinder 53 is slidably connected internally. The valve pipe 58 controls the on / off state of the gas transmission, facilitating the disconnection of power transmission during device debugging or fault repair. The connecting pipe 59 enables power conduction between the first piston cylinder 52 and the second piston cylinder 53, ensuring stable gas power transmission to the piston rod 510, driving the piston rod 510 to extend and retract. This provides a reliable power output channel for the linkage of the counterweight structure 3, ensuring the stability of the linkage between the transmission structure 5 and the counterweight structure 3.

[0042] Specifically, a tension spring 511 is fixedly connected between one end of the piston rod 510 and the inner wall of the second piston cylinder 53, and a top block 512 is fixedly connected to the other end of the piston rod 510. The top block 512 is located on one side of the slider 32, and the connecting pipe 59 and the three-way gas supply pipe 49 are fixedly connected.

[0043] It is worth mentioning that there are two sets of counterweight structure 3, layered anchoring structure 4 and transmission structure 5. The two sets of counterweight structure 3, layered anchoring structure 4 and transmission structure 5 are distributed symmetrically on the top of the base plate 11.

[0044] In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 2 includes a mounting box 21 fixedly connected to the top of the base plate 11 and a second hinge seat 26 fixedly connected to the back of the protective plate 12. A forward and reverse motor 22 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the mounting box 21. A reciprocating screw 23 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the forward and reverse motor 22. The reciprocating screw 23 is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting box 21. A moving block 24 is threadedly connected to the outside of the reciprocating screw 23. A first hinge seat 25 is fixedly connected to the top of the moving block 24. A connecting rod 27 is fixedly hinged between the first hinge seat 25 and the second hinge seat 26. A guide groove 28 is provided inside the mounting box 21. A guide block that is slidably connected to the guide groove 28 is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving block 24. The reciprocating screw 23 is driven to rotate by the forward and reverse motor 22, which drives the moving block 24 to move under the guidance of the guide groove 28. Through the hinge action of the connecting rod 27, the angle of the protective plate 12 and the abutment plate 13 can be adjusted so that they fit the slope better, adapt to the slope support requirements of different slopes, and improve the support effect.

[0045] The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows:

[0046] Place the base plate 11 of the support structure 1 stably in the designated area of ​​the foundation pit support, and simultaneously insert the conical cylinder 41 into the soil and rock so that the top of the conical cylinder 41 is flush with the top of the base plate 11, thus completing the foundation anchoring of the device.

[0047] Next, the support angle is precisely matched by the adjustment mechanism 2. The forward and reverse motor 22 of the adjustment mechanism 2 is started. The output shaft of the forward and reverse motor 22 drives the reciprocating screw 23 to rotate stably inside the mounting box 21. Since the moving block 24 is threadedly connected to the reciprocating screw 23, and the guide block outside the moving block 24 slides with the guide groove 28 inside the mounting box 21, when the moving block 24 moves, it drives the connecting rod 27 through the first hinge seat 25 fixed at the top. The connecting rod 27 then pulls the protective plate 12 of the support structure 1 around the hinge point of the bottom plate 11 through the second hinge seat 26 until the abutment plate 13 outside the protective plate 12 is tightly attached to the slope of the pit. The forward and reverse motor 22 is turned off to complete the angle matching and ensure that the abutment plate 13 can fully bear the slope pressure.

[0048] When the slope exerts pressure on the abutment plate 13, the pressure is transmitted to the transmission structure 5 through the support structure 1, triggering the linkage protection of the transmission structure 5, the counterweight structure 3, and the layered anchoring structure 4. After the abutment plate 13 bears the slope pressure, the force is transmitted through the guide rod 14 fixed on the back. The guide rod 14 drives the connecting frame 51 fixed at one end to move synchronously. The inclined abutment block 57 on the bottom side of the connecting frame 51 moves to the left with the connecting frame 51, squeezing the abutment cylinder 55 of the transmission structure 5. After being pressed, the abutment cylinder 55 moves downward and compresses the return spring 56 at the bottom end, while pushing the plug plate 54 inside the second piston cylinder 53, so that the gas in the first piston cylinder 52 forms a stable gas transmission power through the valve pipe 58 and the connecting pipe 59, realizing the conversion and transmission of slope pressure into linkage power.

[0049] The pneumatic power of the transmission structure 5 drives the counterweight structure 3 and the layered anchoring structure 4 synchronously through a dual-path system, achieving dual protection. On one hand, the pneumatic power in the connecting pipe 59 pushes the piston rod 510 inside the second piston cylinder 53 to extend, and the top block 512 at the other end of the piston rod 510 pushes the slider 32 of the counterweight structure 3 to slide to the left along the slide block 31. When the slider 32 slides to the left, it drives the counterweight block 35 to move synchronously through the moving rod 33 and the connecting block 34, and adaptively adjusts the center of gravity of the device according to the slope pressure direction. When the counterweight block 35 moves to the equilibrium position, the elastic telescopic rod 38 at the bottom of the fixing block 37 outside the moving rod 33 pushes the locking block 39 to tightly abut against the outside of the base plate 11, realizing the locking and fixing of the counterweight block 35. At the same time, the nail teeth 36 at the bottom of the counterweight block 35... Embedded in the soil and rock, the stability of the center of gravity is further enhanced. On the other hand, since the connecting pipe 59 is fixedly connected to the three-way gas supply pipe 49, the gas power is synchronously transmitted to the two conical cylinders 41 inserted into the soil and rock through the three-way gas supply pipe 49, pushing the moving plate 46 inside the conical cylinder 41 to slide downward. The moving plate 46 drives the internally fixed transmission rod 45 to move downward, and the transmission ball 47 at the bottom of the transmission rod 45 moves downward accordingly, squeezing the abutting ball 43 of the layered anchoring structure 4. After being compressed, the abutting ball 43 pushes the anchoring rod 42 to extend radially outward along the conical cylinder 41 and insert into the surrounding soil and rock. Because multiple sets of anchoring rods 42, abutting balls 43 and abutting springs 44 are distributed in a ring inside the conical cylinder 41, a multi-level three-dimensional anchoring is formed, which greatly improves the grip of the device on the soil and rock and effectively resists the pull-out force.

[0050] When the slope pressure decreases or disappears, the device achieves adaptive reset through the reset components of each structure to cope with subsequent pressure changes. In the transmission structure 5, the reset spring 56 releases elastic potential energy to push the abutting cylinder 55 and the stop plate 54 to reset. The tension spring 511 in the second piston cylinder 53 pulls the piston rod 510 back to the initial position. If the counterweight structure 3 needs to be reset at this time, the locking block 39 can be lifted manually to release the locking of the elastic telescopic rod 38, and the slider 32 can reset with the piston rod 510, driving the counterweight block 35 back to the initial position. In the layered anchoring structure 4, the abutting spring 44 between the abutting ball 43 and the anchoring rod 42 releases elastic potential energy to push the anchoring rod 42 to retract and reset, detaching from the soil and rock. If the support angle needs to be adjusted again, the forward and reverse motor 22 of the adjustment mechanism 2 can be restarted to repeat the angle adjustment process, realizing the dynamic adaptation of the device to different slope pressures and slopes.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A slope support mechanism for construction of a soil and rock foundation pit, comprising a support structure (1) and an adjustment mechanism (2) disposed outside the support structure (1), characterized in that: The support structure (1) includes a base plate (11), a protective plate (12), an abutment plate (13), a guide rod (14) and a buffer spring (15), and also includes a counterweight structure (3) disposed on the outside of the base plate (11) for adjusting the center of gravity, a layered anchoring structure (4) disposed on the surface of the base plate (11) and extending to its bottom side for resisting pull-out force, and a transmission structure (5) disposed on one side of the abutment plate (13) and linked with the counterweight structure (3) and the layered anchoring structure (4) respectively. The counterweight structure (3) includes a slide block (31) fixedly connected to the top of the base plate (11) and a slider (32) slidably connected inside the slide block (31), a moving rod (33) fixedly connected to the left side of the slider (32), a connecting block (34) fixedly connected to the other end of the moving rod (33), a counterweight block (35) fixedly connected to the bottom side of the connecting block (34), and a nail tooth (36) fixedly connected to the bottom of the counterweight block (35). The layered anchoring structure (4) includes a pair of conical cylinders (41) fixedly connected inside the base plate (11), an anchor rod (42) that passes through the inside of the conical cylinder (41) and extends to its outside, an abutting ball (43) fixedly connected to the anchor rod (42) near one end of the conical cylinder (41), a movable plate (46) slidably connected inside the conical cylinder (41), a transmission rod (45) fixedly connected inside the movable plate (46) and extending to the surface of the conical cylinder (41), and a transmission ball (47) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the transmission rod (45) and abutting the abutting ball (43).

2. The slope support mechanism for rock and soil foundation pit construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the slider (32) is adapted to the inner diameter of the slide block (31). A limiting rod extending into the slide block (31) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slider (32). A fixing block (37) is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving rod (33). An elastic telescopic rod (38) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing block (37). A locking block (39) that abuts against the surface of the base plate (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the elastic telescopic rod (38).

3. The slope support mechanism for rock and soil foundation pit construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: An abutting spring (44) is fixedly connected between the abutting ball (43) and the anchor rod (42). The abutting spring (44) is connected around the outside of the anchor rod (42) and is located inside the conical cylinder (41). The top of the conical cylinder (41) is flush with the top of the bottom plate (11).

4. The slope support mechanism for rock and soil foundation pit construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable plate (46) is a solid disc. The outer diameter of the movable plate (46) is adapted to the inner diameter of the conical cylinder (41). The top end of the transmission rod (45) is fixedly connected to a limit block (48). The transmission rod (45) is slidably connected to the inside of the conical cylinder (41) and extends to its surface. The number of anchor rods (42), abutting balls (43), and abutting springs (44) are all multiple sets. Multiple sets of anchor rods (42), abutting balls (43), and abutting springs (44) are arranged in a ring inside the conical cylinder (41). A three-way air supply pipe (49) is fixedly connected between the tops of the two conical cylinders (41).

5. The slope support mechanism for rock and soil foundation pit construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission structure (5) includes a connecting frame (51) fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod (14), a first piston cylinder (52) fixedly connected to the top of the base plate (11), and a second piston cylinder (53) fixedly connected to the inside of the slide block (31). A plug plate (54) is slidably connected inside the second piston cylinder (53). An abutting cylinder (55) extending to the surface of the first piston cylinder (52) is fixedly connected to the top of the plug plate (54). A return spring (56) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bottom end of the abutting cylinder (55). An oblique abutting block (57) abutting against the outer surface of the abutting cylinder (55) is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the connecting frame (51).

6. The slope protection mechanism for rock and soil foundation pit construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first piston cylinder (52) is fixedly connected to the outside of a valve pipe (58), and a connecting pipe (59) is fixedly connected between the valve pipe (58) and the second piston cylinder (53). The second piston cylinder (53) is slidably connected to a piston rod (510) extending to its outside.

7. The slope protection mechanism for rock and soil foundation pit construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: A tension spring (511) is fixedly connected between one end of the piston rod (510) and the inner wall of the second piston cylinder (53). A top block (512) is fixedly connected to the other end of the piston rod (510). The top block (512) is located on one side of the slider (32). The connecting pipe (59) and the three-way gas supply pipe (49) are fixedly connected.

8. The slope protection mechanism for rock and soil foundation pit construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective plate (12) is hinged to one side of the base plate (11), the abutment plate (13) is located outside the protective plate (12), the guide rod (14) is fixedly connected to the back of the abutment plate (13) and passes through the protective plate (12), the buffer spring (15) is fixedly connected between the abutment plate (13) and the protective plate (12), and a limit ring is fixedly connected to the outside of the guide rod (14).

9. The slope protection mechanism for rock and soil foundation pit construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (2) includes a mounting box (21) fixedly connected to the top of the base plate (11) and a second hinge seat (26) fixedly connected to the back of the protective plate (12). A forward and reverse motor (22) is fixedly installed on the outside of the mounting box (21). A reciprocating screw (23) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the forward and reverse motor (22). The reciprocating screw (23) is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting box (21). A moving block (24) is threadedly connected to the outside of the reciprocating screw (23). A first hinge seat (25) is fixedly connected to the top of the moving block (24). A connecting rod (27) is fixedly hinged between the first hinge seat (25) and the second hinge seat (26). A guide groove (28) is opened inside the mounting box (21). A guide block that is slidably connected to the guide groove (28) is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving block (24).

10. A slope support mechanism for foundation pit construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight structure (3), the layered anchoring structure (4) and the transmission structure (5) are each in two sets, and the two sets of the counterweight structure (3), the layered anchoring structure (4) and the transmission structure (5) are symmetrically distributed on the top of the base plate (11).

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