Intelligent dispensing system and method for optical signal transmission

Abstract

The invention relates to an intelligent separate injection system and method for optical signal transmission, and belongs to the technical field of oil field intelligent separate injection and separate production, and the system comprises a ground control module, at least one underground water injection execution module and at least one optical signal relay module arranged between communication paths of the ground control module and the underground water injection execution module. The ground control module transmits and receives optical signals through a ground optical transceiver; a relay control unit and at least two relay photoelectric modules are arranged in the optical signal relay module to realize relay forwarding of optical signals; the underground water injection execution module is provided with an execution control unit, a flow adjusting mechanism, a monitoring sensor and an underground optical transceiver and is used for receiving optical instructions, executing flow regulation and control and collecting and uploading data. Optical signals are adopted as communication carriers to replace traditional cables or pressure waves, an efficient, reliable and low-error-code two-way wireless communication link between the underground and the ground is constructed, meanwhile, the system structure is greatly simplified, and construction and maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent oilfield injection and production technology, specifically relating to an intelligent injection system and method with optical signal transmission. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of intelligent water distribution technology in domestic oilfields, two major technical directions have emerged: cable-controlled intelligent water distribution and wavecode-based wireless intelligent water distribution. Cable-controlled intelligent water distribution uses a single-core cable as the communication and power supply carrier to achieve bidirectional data transmission and control between the surface and downhole intelligent water distributors. Wavecode-based intelligent water distribution uses pressure / flow waves as the wireless communication carrier, combined with battery-powered downhole intelligent water distributors, to achieve real-time monitoring and control of stratified flow, pressure, and temperature. As cable-controlled and wavecode-based wireless intelligent water distribution systems are deployed and widely applied in oilfields, the shortcomings of both technologies are gradually becoming apparent.

[0003] The cable-controlled intelligent injection system requires a large number of specialized accessories (such as cable fasteners, sealing joints, signal converters, etc.), which not only leads to higher initial investment costs but also increases construction complexity (a professional team is needed to complete cable laying, fixing, and joint sealing). At the same time, the system relies on multiple cable joints to connect the downhole tools to the surface system. Since the number of cable joints increases with the number of injection layers, any cable joint failure such as poor contact, damage, or leakage will directly cause the entire system to lose communication or power supply, thereby causing the injection function to be interrupted or fail.

[0004] The wavecode wireless intelligent injection system uses pressure / flow waves as its wireless communication carrier, which presents two major problems: First, it suffers from low transmission efficiency, transmitting only a small amount of data at a time. In multi-layer injection scenarios, communication must be carried out alternately, failing to meet real-time control requirements. Second, it lacks adaptability to operating conditions. When encountering wells with poor formation water absorption, the downhole water distributor struggles to establish a stable pressure / flow wave by switching the nozzles on and off, leading to signal encoding and transmission interruptions, ultimately resulting in the interruption of data interaction between the surface and the well. Furthermore, to establish pressure / flow waves for signal transmission, the downhole water distributor needs to frequently drive the motor to switch the nozzles on and off. This process not only accelerates the mechanical wear of the nozzles but also significantly increases battery power consumption. Especially in high-temperature downhole environments, battery performance degrades rapidly, requiring periodic retrieval and replacement of the water distributor core or battery. This increases maintenance costs and significantly shortens the continuous and stable operation cycle of the entire intelligent injection system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides an intelligent distribution system and method for optical signal transmission. The technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention provides an intelligent optical signal transmission sub-injection system, comprising: a ground control module, at least one downhole water injection execution module, and at least one optical signal relay module disposed between the ground control module and the downhole water injection execution module; wherein, the ground control module is equipped with a ground optical transceiver for transmitting and receiving optical signals; the optical signal relay module is internally equipped with a relay control unit and at least two relay optoelectronic modules, the relay control unit being configured to sense changes in optical signals through one of the relay optoelectronic modules, and after parsing and encoding, drive the other relay optoelectronic module to transmit a corresponding optical command signal, thereby realizing the transmission of optical signals; The downhole water injection execution module is located within the water injection formation and internally includes an execution control unit, a flow regulation mechanism, monitoring sensors, and a downhole optical transceiver for optical communication with the optical signal relay module. The execution control unit is configured to receive optical command signals from the optical signal relay module via the downhole optical transceiver and execute at least one operation based on the optical command signals, including: The system controls the flow regulation mechanism to perform flow regulation actions; reads the monitoring data from the monitoring sensor; encodes the monitoring data and transmits it through the downhole optical transceiver, which is then transmitted to the ground control module via the optical signal relay module.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, multiple downhole water injection execution modules are spaced apart, and optical signal relay transmission channels are formed by transmitting, receiving, encoding and retransmitting optical signals through multiple optical signal relay modules.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the optical signal relay module has a through central channel along the axial direction, and at least two relay photoelectric modules are respectively disposed at both ends of the central channel, including a first optical sensing component and a second optical sensing component with their transmitting ends facing the above-ground transmission direction and the downhole transmission direction, respectively; the optical signal relay module has a sealed cavity inside, and the optical signal relay module has an independent relay battery pack, and the relay battery pack and the relay control unit are both disposed in the sealed cavity; the two ends of the optical signal relay module are respectively provided with communication data interfaces, and when the optical signal relay module is downhole, the communication data interfaces are sealed by sealing plugs.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the downhole water injection execution module includes an outer protective tube and a central flow tube arranged coaxially, and an annular sealed cavity is formed between the outer protective tube and the central flow tube; the downhole water injection execution module is provided with an independent execution battery pack, and the execution control unit and the execution battery pack are both disposed in the annular sealed cavity; the monitoring sensor and the flow regulation mechanism are both disposed in the central flow tube.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring sensor includes an internal pressure sensor for measuring the pressure inside the central flow tube, an external pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the annular sealed cavity, and a flow meter disposed downstream of the flow regulating mechanism.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the execution control unit includes a photoelectric control component and a data acquisition and control component. The photoelectric control component is electrically connected to the downhole optical transceiver, and the data acquisition and control component is electrically connected to the photoelectric control component, the internal pressure sensor, the external pressure sensor, the flow meter, and the flow regulating mechanism, respectively.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition and control component is configured to: control the flow adjustment mechanism to perform flow adjustment actions according to the flow adjustment instructions contained in the optical command signal, and control the flow adjustment actions of the flow adjustment mechanism according to the flow data feedback from the flow meter.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the ground optical transceiver, the relay optoelectronic module in the optical signal relay module, and the downhole optical transceiver in the downhole water injection execution module all adopt optoelectronic components, and optical signal encoding is achieved by controlling the temporal changes of the luminous and non-luminous states of the optoelectronic components.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the optoelectronic component includes: a base; a mounting plate fixed inside the base; a light emitter and a phototransistor, both fixed on the mounting plate, the phototransistor being used to receive optical signals and convert them into electrical signals; a lens fixed to the upper end of the base, wherein the planar portion of the outer edge of the lens is disposed opposite to the phototransistor, and the protrusion at the center of the lens is disposed opposite to the light emitter; a control module fixed inside the base and electrically connected to the light emitter and the phototransistor respectively, for controlling the light emitter to emit light and collecting the electrical signals of the phototransistor; and a plug installed at the lower end of the base for sealing and protecting the control module.

[0014] This invention also provides an intelligent distribution method for optical signal transmission, employing the aforementioned intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission, the method comprising: Step 1: The ground control module encodes the ground control commands into optical signals and transmits them; Step 2: Receive and parse the optical signal through one or more optical signal relay modules, and encode it again into an optical command signal before transmitting it to the target water-injection formation. The optical command signal contains the identification information of the target water-injection formation. Step 3: The downhole water injection execution module receives and parses the optical command signal, and judges the target command based on the identification information. If it is determined to be the target command of the target water injection formation, the corresponding operation is executed, including driving the flow regulation mechanism or collecting data from the monitoring sensor; if it is determined to be the target command of the non-target water injection formation, no operation is executed. Step 4: The downhole water injection execution unit encodes the data to be uploaded into an upload optical signal and sends it out. After being transmitted through one or more optical signal relay modules, the upload optical signal is received and decoded by the ground control module.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention's intelligent injection system for optical signal transmission achieves high-speed, interference-resistant, and low-error-rate two-way wireless communication between the surface and the wellbore by using optical signals as the communication carrier and constructing an optical signal relay transmission channel relayed by relay optoelectronic modules. This fundamentally solves the technical problems of traditional cable control systems, which rely on cables leading to complex connections and high failure rates, and wavecode systems, which rely on fluid fluctuations leading to low transmission efficiency and poor adaptability to operating conditions. By integrating optical signal transceiver functions into the relay optoelectronic module and eliminating external cables and dedicated pulse devices, the system structure is simplified, reducing deployment costs, minimizing potential leakage points, improving downhole sealing reliability, and significantly simplifying the construction process and increasing operational efficiency. Through a communication mechanism based on light and dark coding of optical signals, the downhole flow regulation mechanism operates only when executing control commands, avoiding frequent start-stop of water nozzles to generate communication signals. This reduces mechanical wear, extends the service life of key components, and significantly reduces system power consumption, effectively extending battery life and the system's maintenance-free operation cycle, thereby significantly reducing long-term maintenance costs.

[0016] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent optical signal transmission distribution system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the downhole water injection execution module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the downhole water injection execution module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical signal relay module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the optical signal relay module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the relay optoelectronic module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate of the relay optoelectronic module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the intelligent optical signal transmission distribution system provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the optical signal encoding rules provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a flowchart of an intelligent optical signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure reference numerals: 1-Downhole water injection actuator module; 101-Actuator upper connector; 102-Downhole optical transceiver; 103-Photoelectric control component; 104-Outer protective tube; 105-Central flow pipe; 106-Actuator battery pack; 107-Data acquisition and control component; 108-Flow regulation mechanism; 1081-DC motor; 1083-Valve core; 1084-Valve core seat; 109-Internal pressure sensor; 110-External pressure sensor; 111-Outlet; 112-Flow meter; 113-Actuator lower connector; 2-Optical signal relay module; 201-Relay upper connector; 202-Central channel ; 203-Relay outer casing; 204-Relay lower connector; 205-Sealing plug; 206-Relay photoelectric module; 2061-Base seat; 2062-Plug; 2063-Lens; 2064-Mounting plate; 2065-Control module; 2066-Phototransistor; 2067-Light emitter; 207-Relay control unit; 208-Relay battery pack; 209-Communication data interface; 3-Ground control module; 31-Ground optical transceiver; 4-Reverse-washable well packer; 5-Screw plug assembly; 6-Tubing; 7-Water injection wellhead; 8-Communication cable; 9-Host computer system. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description of an intelligent optical signal transmission distribution system and method proposed according to the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] The foregoing and other technical contents, features, and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the following detailed description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Through the description of the specific embodiments, a more in-depth and concrete understanding can be gained of the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose. However, the accompanying drawings are for reference and illustration only and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 To address the technical problems of existing cable-controlled intelligent dispensing systems, such as complex accessories, cable joint failures affecting overall reliability, high initial costs, low communication rates, high error rates, strong battery dependence, and rapid faucet wear in wavecode wireless intelligent dispensing systems, this invention provides an intelligent dispensing system with optical signal transmission.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent optical signal transmission distribution system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the downhole water injection execution module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the downhole water injection execution module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical signal relay module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the optical signal relay module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the relay optoelectronic module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate of the relay optoelectronic module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In this embodiment, the intelligent optical signal transmission system includes: a ground control module 3, at least one downhole water injection execution module 1, and at least one optical signal relay module 2 disposed between the ground control module 3 and the downhole water injection execution module 1; wherein, the ground control module 3 is provided with a ground optical transceiver 31 for transmitting and receiving optical signals; the optical signal relay module 2 is internally provided with a relay control unit 207 and at least two relay optoelectronic modules 206, the relay control unit 207 being configured to sense changes in optical signals through one of the relay optoelectronic modules 206, and after parsing and encoding, drive the other relay optoelectronic module 206 to transmit a corresponding optical command signal from... The transmission of optical signals is achieved by: the downhole water injection execution module 1 being installed within the water injection formation, which contains an execution control unit, a flow regulation mechanism 108, a monitoring sensor, and a downhole optical transceiver 102 for optical communication with the optical signal relay module 2; the execution control unit is configured to: receive optical command signals from the optical signal relay module 2 via the downhole optical transceiver 102, and perform one of the following operations based on the optical command signals: control the flow regulation mechanism 108 to perform flow regulation actions; read the monitoring data from the monitoring sensor; encode the monitoring data and transmit it via the downhole optical transceiver 102, which is then relayed to the surface control module 3 via at least one optical signal relay module 2.

[0024] In one optional implementation, multiple downhole water injection execution modules 1 are spaced apart, and multiple optical signal relay modules 2 transmit, receive, encode, and retransmit the signals to form an optical signal relay transmission channel. This invention utilizes downhole fluid or gas medium as the optical signal transmission channel, and uses optical signal relay modules 2 for signal relay transmission and reception.

[0025] In one optional embodiment, the optical signal relay module 2 has a through central channel 202 along the axial direction, and at least two relay photoelectric modules 206 are respectively disposed at both ends of the central channel 202, including a first optical sensing component and a second optical sensing component with their transmitting ends facing the transmission direction above and below ground, respectively; the optical signal relay module 2 also has a sealed cavity and an independent relay battery pack 208, and the relay battery pack 208 and the relay control unit 207 are both disposed in the sealed cavity; the two ends of the optical signal relay module 2 are respectively provided with communication data interfaces 209, and when the optical signal relay module 2 is downhole, the communication data interfaces 209 are sealed by sealing plugs 205. The through central channel 202 ensures the smooth passage of fluid in the wellbore, and the physical isolation of the channel also reduces the interference and impact of fluid on the optical signal transmission.

[0026] In one optional embodiment, the downhole water injection execution module 1 includes an outer protective tube 104 and a central flow pipe 105 arranged coaxially, with an annular sealed cavity formed between the outer protective tube 104 and the central flow pipe 105; the downhole water injection execution module 1 is provided with an independent execution battery pack 106, and both the execution control unit and the execution battery pack 106 are disposed in the annular sealed cavity; the monitoring sensor and the flow regulation mechanism 108 are both disposed in the central flow pipe 105.

[0027] For example, the monitoring sensors include an internal pressure sensor 109 for measuring the pressure inside the central flow tube 105, an external pressure sensor 110 for measuring the pressure in the annular sealed cavity, and a flow meter 112 disposed downstream of the flow regulating mechanism 108.

[0028] For example, the execution control unit includes a photoelectric control component 103 and a data acquisition and control component 107. The photoelectric control component 103 is electrically connected to the downhole optical transceiver 102, and the data acquisition and control component 107 is electrically connected to the photoelectric control component 103, the internal pressure sensor 109, the external pressure sensor 110, the flow meter 112, and the flow regulating mechanism 108, respectively.

[0029] For example, the data acquisition and control component 107 is configured to: control the flow regulation mechanism 108 to perform flow regulation actions according to the flow regulation command contained in the optical command signal, and control the flow regulation action of the flow regulation mechanism 108 according to the flow data feedback from the flow meter 112. In this way, through flow data feedback, high-precision and adaptive flow regulation is achieved, automatically compensating for flow deviations caused by changes in formation pressure, nozzle wear, etc., eliminating the need for frequent fine-tuning commands from the ground system, thereby further reducing unnecessary communication and system power consumption, and improving the intelligence and efficiency of regulation.

[0030] In an optional implementation, the ground optical transceiver 31, the relay optoelectronic module 206 in the optical signal relay module 2, and the downhole optical transceiver 102 in the downhole water injection execution module 1 all adopt optoelectronic components, which can both sense changes in light intensity and emit light independently under control.

[0031] Optical signal encoding is achieved by controlling the temporal changes in the luminous and non-luminous states of the optoelectronic components.

[0032] For example, the optoelectronic component includes: a base 2061, a plug 2062, a lens 2063, a mounting plate 2064, a control module 2065, a phototransistor 2066, and a light emitter 2067; wherein, the mounting plate 2064 is fixed inside the base 2061; the light emitter 2067 and the phototransistor 2066 are both fixed on the mounting plate 2064, and the phototransistor 2066 is used to receive light signals and convert them into electrical signals; the lens 2063 is fixed to the upper end of the base 2061. The planar portion of the outer edge of the lens 2063 is positioned opposite to the phototransistor 2066, and the protrusion at the center of the lens 2063 is positioned opposite to the light emitter 2067. The control module 2065 is fixed inside the base 2061 and is electrically connected to the light emitter 2067 and the phototransistor 2066 respectively, for controlling the light emission of the light emitter 2067 and collecting the electrical signal of the phototransistor 2066. The plug 2062 is installed at the lower end of the base 2061 for sealing and protecting the control module 2065.

[0033] Furthermore, the execution battery pack 106 or the relay battery pack 208 is electrically connected to the control module 2065 to supply power to the control module 2065. The control module 2065 can control the light emitter 2067 to emit light, and the duration control signal for the emission is given by the photoelectric control component 103 or the relay control unit 207. The phototransistor 2066 can sense the light directly incident on the outer edge plane of the lens 2063, convert the light signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the control module 2065. The control module 2065 then transmits the converted electrical signal to the photoelectric control component 103 or the relay control unit 207.

[0034] Preferably, the control module 2065 of the optoelectronic component has a time-division control function, and its control logic ensures that the light-emitting period of the light emitter 2067 is completely staggered from the signal acquisition period of the phototransistor 2066. When the control module 2065 drives the light emitter 2067 to emit a light signal, it temporarily shuts down or shields the signal acquisition circuit of the phototransistor 2066; conversely, during the working period when the phototransistor 2066 is configured to sense external light signals, the light emitter 2067 is controlled to remain in a non-light-emitting state. This time-division working mechanism fundamentally avoids the light emitted by the light emitter 2067 itself being diffusely reflected on the inner surface of the lens 2063 or the substrate 2061 and mistakenly acquired as a valid signal by the phototransistor 2066 on the same mounting plate 2064, thereby ensuring the accuracy of light signal reception and the reliability of system communication.

[0035] It is worth noting that the downhole water injection execution module 1, optical signal relay module 2, backwashable packer 4, and screen plug assembly 5 are lowered into the well at the preset position along with the tubing 5. One optical signal relay module 2 is installed approximately every 300 meters within the well. Since the spacing between water injection layers is typically no more than 300 meters, separate optical signal relay modules 2 are not required between water injection layers. The optical signal relay modules 2 within the well do not need to be directly facing each other when transmitting signals; the phototransistor 2066 of the photoelectric component only needs to sense changes in light intensity to transmit signals, thus making it suitable for diameter, deviated, and horizontal wells.

[0036] The overall tubing structure of the intelligent sub-injection system for optical signal transmission of the present invention is as follows: multiple downhole water injection execution modules 1 and multiple optical signal relay modules 2 are connected to each other in the well via tubing 6 and lowered into the well. Each downhole water injection execution module 1 is separated by a backwashable well packer 4, and the bottom end is connected to a screen pipe plug assembly 5. The surface control part includes a host computer system 9 installed on the surface, which is connected to a ground optical transceiver 31 located at the injection wellhead 7 via a communication cable 8.

[0037] The optical signal relay module 2 has the following structure: the upper relay connector 201 and the lower relay connector 204 are connected by the outer relay tube 203, forming a sealed cavity inside, with the central relay channel 202 running axially through. Relay photoelectric modules 206 are respectively installed on the upper relay connector 201 and the lower relay connector 204; the relay control unit 207 and the relay battery pack 208 are located within the sealed cavity, and the relay control unit 207 is electrically connected to both relay photoelectric modules 206, with the relay battery pack 208 supplying power to both. Communication data interfaces 209 are provided on the upper relay connector 201 and the lower relay connector 204 to facilitate reading data from the relay control unit 207 after wellheading; these interfaces are sealed by a plug 205 during downhole operations.

[0038] The specific structure of the downhole water injection execution module 1 is as follows: the upper execution connector 101 and the lower execution connector 113 are connected by an outer protective tube 104 and are coaxially arranged with the internal central flow pipe 105, thereby forming an annular sealed cavity between them. The downhole optical transceiver 102 is installed inside the upper execution connector 101. The photoelectric control component 103, the data acquisition and control component 107, and the execution battery pack 106 are all housed in the annular sealed cavity. The flow regulation mechanism 108, the internal pressure sensor 109, the external pressure sensor 110, and the flow meter 112 are all arranged on the central flow pipe 105; the execution battery pack 106 provides power to the photoelectric control component 103, the data acquisition and control component 107, the downhole optical transceiver 102, and each sensor. The photoelectric control component 103 is electrically connected to the downhole optical transceiver 102 and the data acquisition and control component 107, respectively; the data acquisition and control component 107 is electrically connected to the internal pressure sensor 109, the external pressure sensor 110, the flow meter 112 and the flow regulating mechanism 108, forming a complete monitoring and control loop.

[0039] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement this invention, the specific implementation principle of this invention will be further explained below in conjunction with a specific application scenario.

[0040] like Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the intelligent optical signal transmission distribution system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] The host computer system 9 sends instructions to the ground control module 3. After receiving the instructions, the ground control system 8 encodes them and converts them into a switching control sequence that changes according to a certain pattern. The ground control module 3 can supply power to the ground optical transceiver 31 while also controlling the communication of the ground optical transceiver 31 according to the switching control sequence, thereby controlling the laser photoelectric sensor 10 to switch between light and dark in a regular manner according to the control signal.

[0042] Specifically, the ground control module 3 encodes the control commands from the host computer system 9 into a specific sequence of optical signal changes, which is then transmitted via the ground optical transceiver 31. This optical signal is transmitted through the medium near the wellhead to the uppermost optical signal relay module 2, where it is sensed by the relay photoelectric module 206 above it. The relay control unit 207 inside the optical signal relay module 2 analyzes and regenerates the received signal, driving the lower relay photoelectric module 206 to emit optical signals in the same pattern. This signal continues to be transmitted downwards, sensed by the next optical signal relay module 2, and forwarded again. Through the relay transmission of multiple optical signal relay modules 2, the optical command signal is finally received by the downhole optical transceiver 102 of the downhole water injection execution module 1 at the target water injection layer.

[0043] The downhole optical transceiver 102 converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the photoelectric control component 103 in the execution control unit. The photoelectric control component 103 decodes the signal and determines whether the address information it contains matches that of this module. If they match, the valid instruction is forwarded to the data acquisition and control component 107. The data acquisition and control component 107 executes the corresponding operation according to the instruction: if it is a flow regulation instruction, it drives the DC motor 1081 in the flow regulation mechanism 108; if it is a data acquisition instruction, it reads the real-time data from the internal pressure sensor 109, the external pressure sensor 110, and the flow meter 112. In this way, the data transmission based on the optical signal is completed. If a mismatch is determined, i.e., it is not an instruction of this layer, the photoelectric control component 103 directly terminates the instruction transmission and does not forward the signal further.

[0044] When the downhole water injection execution module 1 needs to upload data, its data acquisition and control component 107 sends the acquired internal pressure, external pressure and flow data to the photoelectric control component 103. The photoelectric control component 103 encodes these data, converts them into a preset format optical signal control sequence, and drives the downhole optical transceiver 102 to send upload optical signals, that is, executes the switching action according to the timing logic of the control switch sequence to realize the preset pattern of light and dark state switching.

[0045] The uploaded optical signal is first sensed by the relay photoelectric module 206 of the nearest optical signal relay module 2 below it. The relay control unit 207 of the optical signal relay module 2 analyzes and regenerates the signal, driving the relay photoelectric module 206 above it to emit optical signals in the same pattern. This signal is transmitted upwards, sensed and forwarded by the optical signal relay module 2 of the next higher level. The signal is relayed from bottom to top through multiple levels of optical signal relay modules 2, and is finally received by the ground optical transceiver 31. The ground optical transceiver 31 converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the ground control module 3 for decoding processing via the communication cable 8. The decoded data is finally displayed on the interface of the host computer system 9.

[0046] When the downhole water injection execution module 1 receives a flow rate adjustment command, its data acquisition and control component 107 drives the flow rate adjustment mechanism 108 according to the command requirements. The output shaft of the DC motor 1081 drives the valve core seat 1084 to move axially through the transmission thread, thereby pushing the valve core 1083 fixed on it to move synchronously, changing the flow area between the valve core 1083 and the outlet 111, and realizing the increase or decrease of the injection flow rate. Specifically, the output shaft of the DC motor 1081 and the valve core seat 1084 are connected by a transmission thread, and the valve core 1083 is fixed on the valve core seat 1084, forming the flow rate adjustment mechanism 108. When the output shaft of the DC motor 1081 rotates in the forward direction, the valve core seat 1084 moves upward along the axial direction, and the valve core 1083 moves upward synchronously, resulting in an increase in the flow cross-sectional area between the valve core and the outlet 111, and a synchronous increase in the injection flow rate; when the output shaft of the DC motor 1081 rotates in the reverse direction, the valve core seat 1084 moves downward along the axial direction, and the valve core 1083 moves downward synchronously, resulting in a decrease in the flow cross-sectional area between the valve core and the outlet 111, and a synchronous decrease in the injection flow rate.

[0047] When the downhole water injection execution module 1 receives a flow rate adjustment command, the data acquisition and control component 107 controls the DC motor 1081 to rotate forward or backward according to the command requirements, thereby increasing or decreasing the injection flow rate. During the adjustment process, the data acquisition and control component 107 reads the measured value of the flow meter 112 in real time and compares it with the target flow rate value set in the command, forming a closed-loop feedback control: if the actual flow rate is lower than the set value, the DC motor 1081 is controlled to rotate forward to increase the opening; if the actual flow rate is higher than the set value, the DC motor 1081 is controlled to rotate in reverse to decrease the opening, until the actual flow rate stabilizes within the target range and the adjustment stops.

[0048] During well washing operations, high-pressure washing fluid is injected from the injection wellhead 7 and flows through the annular space between the tubing 6 and the wellbore. The washing fluid passes sequentially through the sealing sleeve of the backwash packer 4 and reaches the outside of the screen plug assembly 5. At this time, the external pressure of the screen plug assembly 5 is higher than its internal pressure, and its built-in check valve automatically opens under the pressure difference. After the high-pressure washing fluid enters the screen plug assembly 5 through the check valve, it flows upward along the inner cavity of the tubing 6 back to the surface. The well washing operation continues until the washing fluid returned to the surface becomes clear, indicating that the wellbore cleaning is complete, and then the normal water injection process can be resumed.

[0049] like Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the optical signal encoding rules provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] To achieve reliable optical signal communication, the system employs a preset timing encoding rule. The optical signal is encoded by controlling the duration and sequence of the illumination state of the emitting element 2067, where the emitting state represents the high-order logical signal and the non-emitting state represents the low-order logical signal. The duration of a basic signal bit is 1 second. The complete signal frame structure includes: a start bit, used to identify the beginning of the frame, consisting of two consecutive high-order bits followed by two low-order bits; an address bit, following the start bit, totaling 4 bits, used to encode the layer identifier of the target well water injection execution module 1; a function code, totaling 4 bits, used to define the instruction type, including reading internal pressure, reading external pressure, reading flow rate, reading temperature, or performing flow rate regulation; and a data bit, totaling 16 bits, used to carry specific instruction parameters or uploaded monitoring data. This encoding rule structure is clear, has strong anti-interference capabilities, and ensures accurate parsing and transmission of instructions and data in complex downhole environments.

[0051] This invention's intelligent injection system for optical signal transmission achieves high-speed, interference-resistant, and low-error-rate two-way wireless communication between the surface and the wellbore by using optical signals as the communication carrier and constructing an optical signal relay transmission channel relayed by relay optoelectronic modules. This fundamentally solves the technical problems of traditional cable control systems, which rely on cables leading to complex connections and high failure rates, and wavecode systems, which rely on fluid fluctuations leading to low transmission efficiency and poor adaptability to operating conditions. By integrating optical signal transceiver functions into the relay optoelectronic module and eliminating external cables and dedicated pulse devices, the system structure is simplified, reducing deployment costs, minimizing potential leakage points, improving downhole sealing reliability, and significantly simplifying the construction process and increasing operational efficiency. Through a communication mechanism based on light and dark coding of optical signals, the downhole flow regulation mechanism operates only when executing control commands, avoiding frequent start-stop of water nozzles to generate communication signals. This reduces mechanical wear, extends the service life of key components, and significantly reduces system power consumption, effectively extending battery life and the system's maintenance-free operation cycle, thereby significantly reducing long-term maintenance costs.

[0052] Example 2 like Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 This is a flowchart of an intelligent optical signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] In this embodiment, the intelligent distribution method for optical signal transmission is characterized by employing the intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission from Embodiment 1, and the method includes: Step 1: The ground control module encodes the ground control commands into optical signals and transmits them; Step 2: Receive and parse the optical signal through one or more optical signal relay modules, and encode it again into an optical command signal before transmitting it to the target water-injection formation. The optical command signal contains the identification information of the target water-injection formation. Step 3: The downhole water injection execution module receives and parses the optical command signal, and judges the target command based on the identification information. If it is determined to be the target command of the target water injection formation, the corresponding operation is executed, including driving the flow regulation mechanism or collecting data from the monitoring sensor; if it is determined to be the target command of the non-target water injection formation, no operation is executed. Step 4: The downhole water injection execution unit encodes the data to be uploaded into an upload optical signal and sends it out. After being transmitted through one or more optical signal relay modules, the upload optical signal is received and decoded by the ground control module.

[0054] The method provided in this embodiment of the invention can be implemented using the system provided in Embodiment 1, and therefore has similar beneficial effects as in Embodiment 1. For technical details not disclosed in the method embodiments of the invention, please refer to the description of the system embodiments for understanding.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device comprising said element. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0056] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission, characterized in that, include: The system includes a ground control module, at least one downhole water injection execution module, and at least one optical signal relay module disposed between the ground control module and the downhole water injection execution module. The ground control module is equipped with a ground optical transceiver for transmitting and receiving optical signals. The optical signal relay module is equipped with a relay control unit and at least two relay photoelectric modules. The relay control unit is configured to sense changes in the optical signal through one of the relay photoelectric modules, and after parsing and encoding, drive the other relay photoelectric module to transmit a corresponding optical command signal, thereby realizing the transmission of the optical signal. The downhole water injection execution module is located within the water injection formation and internally includes an execution control unit, a flow regulation mechanism, monitoring sensors, and a downhole optical transceiver for optical communication with the optical signal relay module. The execution control unit is configured to receive optical command signals from the optical signal relay module via the downhole optical transceiver and execute at least one operation based on the optical command signals, including: The system controls the flow regulation mechanism to perform flow regulation actions; reads the monitoring data from the monitoring sensor; encodes the monitoring data and transmits it through the downhole optical transceiver, which is then transmitted to the ground control module via the optical signal relay module.

2. The intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downhole water injection execution module is spaced out in multiples, and forms an optical signal relay transmission channel through multiple optical signal relay modules for transmission, reception, encoding and retransmission.

3. The intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical signal relay module has a through central channel along the axial direction, and the at least two relay optoelectronic modules are respectively disposed at both ends of the central channel, including a first optical sensing component and a second optical sensing component with the transmitting end facing the transmission direction above the well and the transmission direction below the well, respectively. The optical signal relay module has a sealed cavity inside, and the optical signal relay module has an independent relay battery pack. The relay battery pack and the relay control unit are both located inside the sealed cavity. The optical signal relay module is equipped with communication data interfaces at both ends. When the optical signal relay module is downhole, the communication data interfaces are sealed with sealing plugs.

4. The intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downhole water injection execution module includes an outer protective tube and a central flow tube arranged coaxially, with an annular sealed cavity formed between the outer protective tube and the central flow tube; the downhole water injection execution module is equipped with an independent execution battery pack, and the execution control unit and the execution battery pack are both located in the annular sealed cavity; the monitoring sensor and the flow regulation mechanism are both located in the central flow tube.

5. The intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that, The monitoring sensors include an internal pressure sensor for measuring the pressure inside the central flow tube, an external pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the annular sealed cavity, and a flow meter located downstream of the flow regulating mechanism.

6. The intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission according to claim 5, characterized in that, The execution control unit includes a photoelectric control component and a data acquisition and control component. The photoelectric control component is electrically connected to the downhole optical transceiver, and the data acquisition and control component is electrically connected to the photoelectric control component, the internal pressure sensor, the external pressure sensor, the flow meter, and the flow regulation mechanism, respectively.

7. The intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data acquisition and control component is configured to: control the flow adjustment mechanism to perform flow adjustment actions according to the flow adjustment instructions contained in the optical command signal, and control the flow adjustment actions of the flow adjustment mechanism according to the flow data feedback from the flow meter.

8. The intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground optical transceiver, the relay optoelectronic module in the optical signal relay module, and the downhole optical transceiver in the downhole water injection execution module all use optoelectronic components, and optical signal encoding is achieved by controlling the temporal changes of the luminous and non-luminous states of the optoelectronic components.

9. The intelligent distribution system for optical signal transmission according to claim 8, characterized in that, The optoelectronic component includes: base base; The mounting plate is fixed inside the base. Both the light emitter and the phototransistor are fixed on the mounting plate. The phototransistor is used to receive light signals and convert them into electrical signals. A lens is fixed to the upper end of the base, wherein the planar portion of the outer edge of the lens is disposed opposite to the phototransistor, and the protrusion at the center of the lens is disposed opposite to the light emitter; The control module is fixed inside the base and electrically connected to the light emitter and the phototransistor respectively, and is used to control the light emitter to emit light and to collect the electrical signal of the phototransistor. A plug is installed at the lower end of the base to enclose and protect the control module.

10. A smart distribution method for optical signal transmission, characterized in that, The intelligent distribution system employing optical signal transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising: Step 1: The ground control module encodes the ground control commands into optical signals and transmits them; Step 2: Receive and parse the optical signal through one or more optical signal relay modules, and encode it again into an optical command signal before transmitting it to the target water-injection formation. The optical command signal contains the identification information of the target water-injection formation. Step 3: The downhole water injection execution module receives and parses the optical command signal, and judges the target command based on the identification information. If it is determined to be the target command of the target water injection formation, the corresponding operation is executed, including driving the flow regulation mechanism or collecting data from the monitoring sensor; if it is determined to be the target command of the non-target water injection formation, no operation is executed. Step 4: The downhole water injection execution unit encodes the data to be uploaded into an upload optical signal and sends it out. After being transmitted through one or more optical signal relay modules, the upload optical signal is received and decoded by the ground control module.

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