Energy-saving ventilation structure for architectural design

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building ventilation, in particular to an energy-saving ventilation structure for building design, which comprises a longitudinal air duct, a roof windward air port, a ground leeward air port and an air duct U-shaped steering device, the longitudinal air duct is arranged in a building body or vertically mounted by clinging to the outer wall of the building body, and the side wall of the longitudinal air duct is provided with an indoor air port communicated with the internal space of the building; the roof windward air port and the ground leeward air port are respectively mounted and connected to the upper end and the lower end of the longitudinal air duct; the roof windward air opening is of an open trumpet-shaped structure, an end opening of the roof windward air opening extends out of the surface of the roof, the periphery of the roof windward air opening is not shielded, and the roof windward air opening is formed in the position where wind power resources of the roof of a building are maximum. The invention provides an efficient, stable and energy-saving building ventilation solution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building ventilation technology, specifically to an energy-saving ventilation structure for building design. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction industry, building ventilation mainly relies on two methods: mechanical ventilation and natural ventilation.

[0003] Mechanical ventilation systems, such as fresh air handling units, offer stable and controllable ventilation, but their continuous operation consumes a large amount of electricity, resulting in high long-term operating costs. They also generate continuous noise, which does not meet the energy-saving and comfort requirements of green buildings.

[0004] Another common practice is to open windows for natural ventilation. While this method is energy-efficient, it relies excessively on unstable outdoor wind and temperature, making it difficult to guarantee effective ventilation in calm or extreme weather conditions. Furthermore, traditional "chimney effect" ventilation is primarily driven by the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, which is often insufficient in summer when the temperature difference is small or in winter when insulation is needed. Ordinary window ventilation results in chaotic airflow organization, failing to effectively organize airflow paths, potentially leading to airflow short-circuiting or dead zones, making it difficult to efficiently remove stale air from specific areas.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of low-energy ventilation solution that can operate stably and effectively year-round. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy-saving ventilation structure for building design, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An energy-saving ventilation structure for building design includes a longitudinal air duct, a roof-mounted windward vent, a ground-mounted leeward vent, and a U-shaped duct turn. The longitudinal air duct is installed vertically inside the building or close to the exterior wall, with indoor vents on its side walls communicating with the interior space of the building. The longitudinal air duct is installed vertically close to the building, and the roof-mounted windward vent and the ground-mounted leeward vent are respectively installed and connected to the upper and lower ends of the longitudinal air duct. The roof-mounted windward vent has an open trumpet-shaped structure, with its end extending beyond the roof surface and unobstructed on all sides. The roof-mounted windward vent is installed at the location with the greatest wind power on the building's roof. The U-shaped duct turn is used to achieve smooth connection between the ground-mounted leeward vent and the lower end of the longitudinal air duct. The U-shaped duct turn is an extended pipe buried in the underground soil layer below the building and made of thermally conductive material, allowing its outer wall to have a large contact area with the underground soil layer. The ground-mounted leeward vent has an open trumpet-shaped structure, with its end facing the leeward side of the building and located near the ground.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper end of the longitudinal air duct extends out of the roof and is equipped with a solar heating component on the outside. The solar heating component uses solar energy to heat the air at the upper end of the longitudinal air duct.

[0009] Furthermore, the solar heating component includes a water tank, solar tubes, and a heat-insulating reflector; the water tank is annularly surrounding the outside of the longitudinal air duct, and the water tank has a structure that allows water to be added and removed. The inner wall of the water tank is embedded in the longitudinal air duct to form part of the inner wall of the longitudinal air duct. The inner wall of the water tank conducts heat while the rest is insulated; the heat-insulating reflector is located below the water tank and has a funnel-shaped structure with an open top; the solar tubes are evenly distributed along the sun-facing surface of the water tank, and the solar tubes are installed at an angle with their upper ends connected to the water tank, and their lower ends are fixed to the inner wall of the heat-insulating reflector.

[0010] Furthermore, a vertically arranged upper heat-conducting fin is installed inside the upper end of the longitudinal air duct, and the heat-conducting fin is thermally connected to the heat-conducting inner wall of the water tank.

[0011] Furthermore, a geothermal component is installed on the outer side of the U-shaped turn of the air duct, and the geothermal component uses geothermal energy to heat the air at the lower end of the longitudinal air duct.

[0012] Furthermore, the geothermal component includes an annular heat storage body and a heat pipe. The inner wall of the annular heat storage body is embedded in a U-shaped air duct to form part of the inner wall of the U-shaped air duct. The inner wall of the annular heat storage body is heat-conducting while the rest is heat-insulating. The heat pipe is placed horizontally and buried in the geothermal layer, and the heat pipe is thermally connected to the annular heat storage body.

[0013] Furthermore, the U-shaped deflector of the air duct is equipped with vertically arranged U-shaped heat-conducting fins, which are thermally connected to the inner wall of the annular heat storage body.

[0014] Furthermore, the heat pipe is inserted into the mounting hole on the vertically placed positioning plate.

[0015] Furthermore, an openable or adjustable air valve is installed at the indoor air vent.

[0016] Furthermore, the opening edges of the trumpet-shaped structures of the rooftop windward vents and the ground-level leeward vents both adopt a smoothly transitioning curved surface structure.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention achieves stable and reliable low-energy ventilation by synergistically utilizing four natural power sources: wind pressure, thermal pressure, solar energy, and geothermal energy. It employs a negative pressure suction principle to systematically expel stale indoor air. The invention introduces fresh air preheated in winter and pre-cooled in summer by geothermal components. In summer, cooling the fresh air increases the temperature difference in the air ducts, actively enhancing the system's ventilation power and improving cooling and heat dissipation. Preheating in winter ensures the system's stability in frigid conditions. This invention utilizes solar energy to actively generate strong thermal pressure, ensuring efficient operation in calm weather, converting solar energy into ventilation power in a direct and efficient way. This invention also possesses seasonal adaptability, creating a strong temperature difference ("hot above, cold below") in summer, while maintaining operation through the synergy of geothermal and solar energy in winter, ensuring stable ventilation throughout the year.

[0018] This invention provides a highly efficient, stable, and energy-saving building ventilation solution. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1; Figure 2 This is a longitudinal sectional view of Example 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 2; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 3; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 4; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar heating component; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the geothermal component. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a U-shaped heat-conducting fin.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Longitudinal air duct; 2. Indoor air outlet; 3. U-shaped air duct turn; 4. Roof windward air outlet; 5. Ground leeward air outlet; 6. Geothermal component; 601. Positioning plate; 602. Heat pipe; 603. Annular heat storage body; 604. U-shaped heat-conducting fins; 7. Solar heating component; 701. Water tank; 702. Solar tube; 703. Heat insulation reflector. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1: As attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown, the longitudinal air duct (1) runs vertically through the building, with indoor air vents 2 opened on its side walls at different floor levels. It is recommended to install openable or adjustable air valves at the air vents to control the exhaust volume of each room. The top of the longitudinal air duct 1 is connected to the roof windward air vent 4. This air vent is shaped like an open trumpet, with its end extending out of the roof without obstruction. Its curved structure can effectively capture wind energy and enhance the suction force by utilizing the Venturi effect. The bottom of the longitudinal air duct 1 is connected to the ground leeward air vent 5 through the air duct U-shaped turn 3. The air duct U-shaped turn 3 is a heat-conducting pipe buried in the underground soil layer. The ground leeward air vent 5 is also trumpet-shaped and faces the leeward side.

[0023] Working Principle: Due to solar radiation or indoor residual heat, the air temperature inside the longitudinal duct 1 is higher than that outside, creating thermal pressure. Simultaneously, when wind blows past the roof's windward vent 4, negative pressure is generated at its outlet. The thermal pressure and wind pressure work together to create a stable, upward airflow within the longitudinal duct 1. This upward flow keeps the internal pressure of the longitudinal duct 1 consistently lower than the pressure in each room. When the indoor vent 2 opens, stale air in the room is drawn into the longitudinal duct 1, creating a slight negative pressure within the room. This negative pressure drives fresh outdoor air in through openings on the building's windward side or through a dedicated fresh air system. Meanwhile, fresh outdoor air enters the system from the ground-level leeward vent 5, and as it flows through the U-shaped turn in the duct 3, it exchanges heat with the soil: cooling and dehumidifying in summer, and preheating in winter. This pre-treated fresh air then rises, replenishing the air flowing within the system, and its temperature changes help maintain or regulate the thermal pressure intensity. Finally, the air mixed with indoor stale air flows to the top of the duct and is discharged at high speed from the roof's windward vent 4.

[0024] This embodiment effectively removes indoor polluted air through organized negative pressure ventilation, with a clear ventilation path and high efficiency; it utilizes ground temperature to pre-treat the fresh air entering the air intake, saving energy and stabilizing system thermal pressure; it has a simple structure, mainly relies on natural forces for operation, and has significant energy-saving benefits.

[0025] Example 2: As attached Figure 3 and 7As shown, this embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, enhances the fresh air pretreatment capability by adding a geothermal component 6. This component, installed around the U-shaped air duct turn 3, includes: an annular heat storage body 603: its heat-conducting inner wall forms the inner wall of the U-shaped air duct turn 3, with external insulation; heat pipes 602: multiple heat pipes are horizontally embedded deeper into the geothermal layer, their condensation sections tightly connected to the annular heat storage body 603; U-shaped heat-conducting fins 604: installed inside the U-shaped air duct turn 3, connected to the heat-conducting inner wall of the annular heat storage body 603 to increase the heat exchange area; and a positioning plate 601: used to fix the position of the heat pipes 602.

[0026] Working principle: Based on Example 1, the geothermal component 6 works continuously throughout the year, and its function varies with the seasons.

[0027] Winter operation: Geothermal energy from deep soil is efficiently transferred to the annular heat storage body 603 via heat pipe 602. When cold outdoor fresh air enters the system, it is heated, preventing the bottom of the air duct from becoming too cold or condensing.

[0028] Summer operating conditions: At this time, the temperature of the deep soil is lower than the outdoor air temperature. The annular heat storage body 603 acts as a cold source, absorbing heat from the flowing air through the pipe wall and U-shaped heat-conducting fins 604, thus cooling the hot and humid fresh air. The increased density of the cooled air creates a greater temperature difference between the bottom and top of the longitudinal air duct 1, where the air is heated by solar energy. According to the principle of thermal pressure, this increased temperature difference significantly enhances the suction force within the air duct, thereby increasing the ventilation volume in summer and more effectively removing hot indoor air.

[0029] This embodiment achieves comprehensive year-round utilization of geothermal energy; in summer, cooling the fresh air increases the temperature difference in the air duct, actively enhancing the system's ventilation power and improving cooling and heat dissipation effects. Preheating in winter ensures the system's stability in extremely cold conditions.

[0030] Example 3: As attached Figure 4 and 6 As shown, this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, adds a solar heating component 7 at the top of the longitudinal air duct 1, aiming to actively enhance the core driving force. Water tank 701: Circulates around the top of the longitudinal air duct 1, its heat-conducting inner wall forming part of the air duct. Solar tube 702: Connected to the water tank 701, forming a solar water heating circulation system. Heat insulation reflector 703: Located below, reflecting more sunlight to the collector. Upper heat-conducting fins (not shown): Installed on the inner side of the top of the air duct, connected to the heat-conducting inner wall of the water tank 701.

[0031] Working principle: The solar heating component 7 rapidly heats the water in the water tank 701 under sunlight. The high-temperature water, through the heat-conducting inner wall and the upper heat-conducting fins, continuously and intensely heats the air flowing through the top of the air duct. The heated air rises, creating a "solar chimney" effect within the longitudinal air duct 1. This suction force effectively draws air from the middle and lower parts of the room upwards and exhausts it, driving the entire ventilation system to operate normally in windless or lightly windy weather, thus solving the problem of traditional wind pressure ventilation's excessive dependence on climate.

[0032] This embodiment utilizes solar energy to actively generate strong thermal pressure, ensuring efficient operation of the system in calm weather; it improves the exhaust volume and ventilation reliability of the entire system; and it directly converts solar energy into ventilation power, making energy utilization direct and efficient.

[0033] Example 4: As attached Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment integrates both geothermal component 6 and solar heating component 7.

[0034] Working principle: Summer operation: The solar heating component 7 powerfully heats the air at the top for ventilation, while the geothermal component 6 cools the air entering the system at the bottom. This "heating at the top and cooling at the bottom" configuration maximizes the temperature difference within the longitudinal air duct 1, thereby generating the strongest thermal pressure driving force of the year and achieving the best summer ventilation and cooling effect.

[0035] Winter operation: Solar heating module 7 and geothermal module 6 work together for heating. The geothermal module preheats the cold fresh air entering the system to prevent condensation; the solar module heats the air at the top of the air duct, maintaining building ventilation through thermal pressure.

[0036] During the transitional season: The system automatically adjusts according to environmental conditions, mainly relying on wind pressure and natural thermal pressure for ventilation, with geothermal and solar energy components as auxiliary components.

[0037] This embodiment can cope with different seasons and weather conditions throughout the year, and achieves energy-saving ventilation in buildings through the synergistic effect of wind energy, solar energy and geothermal energy.

Claims

1. An energy-saving ventilation structure for building design, characterized in that, Including longitudinal air ducts (1), rooftop windward vents (4), ground-level leeward vents (5), and U-shaped air duct turns (3): The longitudinal air duct (1) is installed inside the building or vertically close to the exterior wall of the building, and its side wall is provided with an indoor air outlet (2) that communicates with the interior space of the building. The longitudinal air duct (1) is installed vertically close to the building body, and the roof windward air outlet (4) and the ground leeward air outlet (5) are respectively installed and connected to the upper and lower ends of the longitudinal air duct (1); The rooftop wind inlet (4) has an open trumpet-shaped structure. The port of the rooftop wind inlet (4) extends out of the rooftop surface and is unobstructed on all sides. The rooftop wind inlet (4) is installed at the location with the greatest wind power on the rooftop of the building. The U-shaped turn of the air duct (3) is used to achieve smooth connection between the ground leeward air outlet (5) and the lower end of the longitudinal air duct (1); the U-shaped turn of the air duct (3) is an extended pipe buried in the underground soil layer below the building and made of heat-conducting material, so that the outer wall of the pipe is in contact with the underground soil layer over a large area. The ground leeward vent (5) has an open trumpet-shaped structure with its port facing the leeward side of the building and located near the ground.

2. The energy-saving ventilation structure for building design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the longitudinal air duct (1) extends out of the roof and is equipped with a solar heating component (7) on the outside. The solar heating component (7) uses solar energy to heat the air at the upper end of the longitudinal air duct (1).

3. The energy-saving ventilation structure for building design according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solar heating component (7) includes a water tank (701), a solar tube (702), and a heat insulation reflector (703). The water tank (701) is arranged in a ring around the outside of the longitudinal air duct (1). The water tank (701) is a structure that can be filled and drained. The inner wall of the water tank (701) is embedded in the longitudinal air duct (1) to form part of the inner wall of the longitudinal air duct (1). The inner wall of the water tank (701) conducts heat while the rest is insulated. The heat insulation reflector (703) is located below the water tank (701). The heat insulation reflector (703) is a funnel-shaped structure with an open top. The solar tube (702) is evenly distributed along the sun-facing surface of the water tank (701). The solar tube (702) is installed at an angle and its upper end is connected to the water tank (701). The lower end of the solar tube (702) is fixed to the inner wall of the heat insulation reflector (703).

4. The energy-saving ventilation structure for building design according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end of the longitudinal air duct (1) is equipped with vertically arranged upper heat-conducting fins, which are thermally connected to the heat-conducting inner wall of the water tank (701).

5. The energy-saving ventilation structure for building design according to claim 1, characterized in that: A geothermal component (6) is installed on the outside of the U-shaped turn (3) of the air duct. The geothermal component (6) uses geothermal energy to heat the air at the lower end of the longitudinal air duct (1).

6. The energy-saving ventilation structure for building design according to claim 5, characterized in that: The geothermal component (6) includes an annular heat storage body (603) and a heat pipe (602). The inner wall of the annular heat storage body (603) is embedded in the U-shaped air duct (3) to form part of the inner wall of the U-shaped air duct (3). The inner wall of the annular heat storage body (603) is heat-conducting while the rest is heat-insulating. The heat pipe (602) is placed horizontally and buried in the geothermal layer. The heat pipe (602) is heat-conductingly connected to the annular heat storage body (603).

7. The energy-saving ventilation structure for building design according to claim 6, characterized in that: The U-shaped deflector (3) of the air duct is equipped with vertically arranged U-shaped heat-conducting fins (604), which are thermally connected to the inner wall of the annular heat storage body (603).

8. The energy-saving ventilation structure for building design according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat pipe (602) is inserted into the mounting hole on the vertically placed positioning plate (601).

9. The energy-saving ventilation structure for building design according to claim 1, characterized in that: An openable or adjustable air valve is installed at the indoor air vent (2).

10. An energy-saving ventilation structure for building design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening edges of the trumpet-shaped structures of the roof windward vent (4) and the ground leeward vent (5) are all made of smoothly transitioned curved surfaces.

Images