Method and device for monitoring mud cakes formed on cutter head of shield tunneling machine and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for monitoring mud cakes formed on a cutter head of a shield tunneling machine and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the revolution frequency of a hob on the cutter head of the shield tunneling machine and the rotation frequency in a target revolution period, and collecting the temperature distribution of the cutter head; calculating a rotation frequency index of the hob according to the revolution frequency and the rotation frequency in the target revolution period; and based on the influence information of the mud cake on the temperature of the cutter and the rotation of the hob, generating a monitoring result of the mud cake on the cutter of the shield tunneling machine in combination with the temperature distribution and change trend of the cutter and the distribution and change trend of the rotation frequency index of the hob. Therefore, the problems that in the related technology, due to the fact that the accuracy of mud cake judgment through a single temperature threshold value is insufficient, the initial development characteristics of mud cakes are difficult to recognize, the hob operation state and the rotation blocking condition cannot be comprehensively considered, the influence positions of the mud cakes cannot be effectively recognized, and the accuracy is poor are solved. And the actual influence degree of mud cake formation on the rotation performance of the hob cannot be evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a full-face tunnel boring machine, and particularly to a method, device, and electronic equipment for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a shield tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation, when the stratum viscosity increases, excavated soil easily adheres and accumulates on the cutterhead surface, forming mud cakes. Mud cake formation triggers a series of chain reactions: First, the adhered mud cake significantly increases the cutting resistance of the cutterhead, leading to increased cutterhead torque and decreased tunneling speed; second, continuous mud cake accumulation may alter the stress distribution at the excavation face, causing ground disturbance, and in severe cases, potentially leading to face instability and excessive surface settlement. In actual construction, workers typically rely on changes in parameters such as thrust, torque, and advance speed to determine if mud cake formation has occurred on the cutterhead. However, this monitoring method has a significant lag, often resulting in severe mud cake formation by the time an anomaly is detected. More importantly, this traditional method cannot accurately pinpoint the specific location of mud cake formation, thus posing considerable difficulties for subsequent mud cake removal.

[0003] In related technologies, the direct detection method involves pre-drilling detection holes in the soil chamber wall of the earth pressure shield machine and inserting drill rods for detection, while the indirect detection method uses temperature sensing technology as its core, and determines the formation of mud cake by monitoring whether the cutterhead temperature reaches a threshold.

[0004] However, in related technologies, due to the differences in base temperature under different geological conditions, and the increase in cutterhead torque causing an overall temperature rise, the accuracy of using a single temperature threshold for judging mud cake is insufficient. This makes it difficult to effectively identify the initial development characteristics of mud cake. Furthermore, the single temperature monitoring method cannot comprehensively consider the cutter's operating status and rotational obstruction for a comprehensive judgment, nor can it effectively identify the specific location of mud cake's influence, and cannot assess the actual impact of mud cake formation on the cutter's rotational performance. Therefore, it is urgent to improve this approach. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method, device, and electronic equipment for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine, in order to solve the problems in related technologies, such as the inaccuracy of using a single temperature threshold for mud cake judgment, the difficulty in effectively identifying the initial development characteristics of mud cake, the inability to comprehensively consider the operating status of the cutter head and the situation of rotational obstruction, and the inability to effectively identify the specific location of mud cake influence, thus making it impossible to assess the actual impact of mud cake formation on the rotation performance of the cutter head.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a method for monitoring mud cake on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine (TBM), comprising the following steps: acquiring the revolution frequency and rotation frequency of the cutterhead rollers within a target revolution period, and collecting the temperature distribution of the cutterhead; calculating the rotation frequency index of the cutterhead rollers based on the revolution frequency and rotation frequency within the target revolution period; and generating a mud cake monitoring result on the cutterhead of the TBM based on the information on the influence of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutterhead rotation, combined with the temperature distribution and trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and trend of the cutterhead rotation frequency index.

[0007] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the embodiments of this application can obtain the revolution frequency and rotation frequency of the cutterhead and collect the temperature distribution of the cutterhead. After calculating the cutterhead rotation frequency index, combined with the influence law of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutterhead rotation, the mud cake monitoring results of the cutterhead are generated. This overcomes the limitations of single parameter monitoring, realizes multi-dimensional data fusion analysis of the influence of mud cake, more comprehensively reflects the working status of the cutterhead, effectively identifies early signs of mud cake, improves monitoring accuracy and reliability, ensures the safe and stable operation of the tunnel boring machine, and improves tunneling efficiency.

[0008] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the step of generating mud cake monitoring results on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine based on the influence information of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, combined with the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutter rotation frequency index, includes: obtaining the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead temperature and the extreme values ​​of the cutter rotation frequency index based on the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutter rotation frequency index; and generating mud cake monitoring results on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine based on the influence information of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation and the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead temperature and the extreme values ​​of the cutter rotation frequency index, combined with the working state of the tunnel boring machine.

[0009] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the embodiments of this application can extract the variation characteristics of extreme temperature values ​​and extreme values ​​of rotation frequency indexes, and combine the influence information of mud cake with the working status of the tunnel boring machine to generate results, thereby more accurately diagnosing the cause and degree of mud cake formation, enhancing the pertinence and adaptability of monitoring, and further improving accuracy.

[0010] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the step of generating a mud cake monitoring result for the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine based on the influence information of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, and the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead temperature and the extreme values ​​of the cutter rotation frequency index, combined with the working state of the tunnel boring machine, includes: if the temperature distribution does not show extreme values ​​and the cutter rotation frequency index and the cutterhead rotation frequency are positively distributed, then a first mud cake monitoring result is generated, wherein the first mud cake monitoring result is the result of the cutter having no mud cake trend and uniform wear; if the temperature distribution does not show extreme values ​​and the cutter rotation frequency index is inversely distributed with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the decrease value of the cutter rotation frequency index is less than a preset threshold, then a second mud cake monitoring result is generated, wherein the second mud cake monitoring result is the result of the cutter having no mud cake trend. However, occasional idling, stopping, or slight wear may occur. If the temperature distribution shows an extreme value and the cutterhead rotation frequency index shows an inverse distribution with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the decrease value is greater than the preset threshold, and the tunnel boring machine is in a state of increased thrust and torque with decreased tunneling speed, then a third mud cake monitoring result is generated. The third mud cake monitoring result indicates that severe mud cake has occurred on the cutterhead, leading to severe wear of the cutterhead. If the temperature distribution shows an extreme value and the cutterhead rotation frequency index shows no significant change with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the tunnel boring machine is in a state of increased thrust and torque with decreased tunneling speed, then a fourth mud cake monitoring result is generated. The fourth mud cake monitoring result indicates that mud cake gradually forms on the cutterhead, and the cutterhead shows no obvious wear trend.

[0011] Through the aforementioned technical means, this embodiment of the application can generate four types of mud cake monitoring results based on specific conditions. By setting clearly defined thresholds and distribution conditions, it achieves a classification diagnosis of mud cake conditions. This allows for accurate identification of the development stage and type of mud cake, helping operators quickly take targeted measures to improve construction safety and efficiency.

[0012] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the hob rotation frequency index is: ， in, The rotation frequency index of the hob. The target orbital period is... The rotation frequency within the target orbital period. Let be the initial radius of the hob. This is the distance between the hob and the center of the cutter head.

[0013] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the embodiments of this application can quantify the rotation state of the cutter head using mathematical formulas, avoiding subjective judgment errors on whether the rotation is frequent or not, thereby improving the objectivity and scientificity of the monitoring system. At the same time, it eliminates the influence of differences in equipment parameters, making the rotation frequency index more comparable and universal, and facilitating consistency analysis and historical data comparison between different tunnel boring machines.

[0014] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, after generating the mud cake monitoring results for the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine based on the information on the influence of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, combined with the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutter rotation frequency index, the method further includes: visualizing the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutter rotation frequency index to monitor the development area, development degree, evolution trend and main influencing location of the mud cake, and generating visualized mud cake monitoring results; generating a mud cake index based on the visualized mud cake monitoring results, and issuing an alarm when the mud cake index reaches a preset monitoring threshold.

[0015] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the embodiments of this application can visualize the temperature distribution of the cutterhead and the frequency of cutter rotation after generating the monitoring results, and clarify the development area, degree, trend and location of mud cake, thereby realizing the intuitiveness of the monitoring results and proactive early warning. In addition, combined with the mud cake index and threshold alarm mechanism, the abnormal development trend can be deduced, thereby realizing proactive prevention and control, reducing downtime and maintenance costs, and ensuring the intelligence and safety of shield tunneling construction.

[0016] A second aspect of this application provides a monitoring device for mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine (TBM), comprising: a data acquisition module for acquiring the revolution frequency and rotation frequency of the cutterhead rollers within a target revolution period, and for acquiring the temperature distribution of the cutterhead; a calculation module for calculating the rotation frequency index of the cutterhead rollers based on the revolution frequency and the rotation frequency within the target revolution period; and a monitoring module for generating monitoring results of mud cake formation on the cutterhead of the TBM based on the influence information of mud cake formation on the cutterhead temperature and cutterhead rotation, combined with the temperature distribution and trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and trend of the cutterhead rotation frequency index.

[0017] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the embodiments of this application can obtain the revolution frequency and rotation frequency of the cutterhead and collect the temperature distribution of the cutterhead. After calculating the cutterhead rotation frequency index, combined with the influence law of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutterhead rotation, the mud cake monitoring results of the cutterhead are generated. This overcomes the limitations of single parameter monitoring, realizes multi-dimensional data fusion analysis of the influence of mud cake, more comprehensively reflects the working status of the cutterhead, effectively identifies early signs of mud cake, improves monitoring accuracy and reliability, ensures the safe and stable operation of the tunnel boring machine, and improves tunneling efficiency.

[0018] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the monitoring module includes: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead temperature and the extreme values ​​of the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead rotation frequency index based on the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead rotation frequency index; and a generation unit, configured to generate the mud cake monitoring results of the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine based on the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead temperature and the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead rotation frequency index, combined with the working status of the tunnel boring machine.

[0019] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the embodiments of this application can extract the variation characteristics of extreme temperature values ​​and extreme values ​​of rotation frequency indexes, and combine the influence information of mud cake with the working status of the tunnel boring machine to generate results, thereby more accurately diagnosing the cause and degree of mud cake formation, enhancing the pertinence and adaptability of monitoring, and further improving accuracy.

[0020] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the generation unit includes: a first generation subunit, configured to generate a first mud cake monitoring result if the temperature distribution does not show a temperature extreme value and the roller rotation frequency index is positively distributed with the cutter head rotation frequency, wherein the first mud cake monitoring result is the result of the roller having no mud cake trend and uniform wear; a second generation subunit, configured to generate a second mud cake monitoring result if the temperature distribution does not show the temperature extreme value and the roller rotation frequency index is negatively distributed with the cutter head rotation frequency, and the decrease value of the roller rotation frequency index is less than a preset threshold, wherein the second mud cake monitoring result is the result of the roller having no mud cake trend but occasionally experiencing idling, stopping, or slight uneven wear; a third generation subunit, configured to generate a first mud cake monitoring result if the temperature distribution does not show the temperature extreme value and the roller rotation frequency index is negatively distributed with the cutter head rotation frequency, and the decrease value of the roller rotation frequency index is less than a preset threshold, wherein the second mud cake monitoring result is the result of the roller having no mud cake trend but occasionally experiencing idling, stopping, or slight uneven wear; and a third generation subunit, configured to generate a second mud cake monitoring result if the temperature distribution shows a temperature extreme value and the roller rotation frequency index is positively distributed with the cutter head rotation frequency, and the decrease value of the roller rotation frequency index is less than a preset threshold. If the temperature reaches an extreme value and the cutterhead rotation frequency index shows an inverse distribution with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the decrease value is greater than the preset threshold, and the tunnel boring machine is in a state where thrust and torque increase while tunneling speed decreases, then a third mud cake monitoring result is generated. This third mud cake monitoring result indicates severe mud cake formation on the cutterhead, leading to severe wear on the cutterhead. A fourth generation subunit is used if the temperature distribution reaches an extreme value and the cutterhead rotation frequency index shows no significant change with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the tunnel boring machine is in a state where thrust and torque increase while tunneling speed decreases, then a fourth mud cake monitoring result is generated. This fourth mud cake monitoring result indicates that mud cake gradually forms on the cutterhead, and the cutterhead shows no significant wear trend.

[0021] Through the aforementioned technical means, this embodiment of the application can generate four types of mud cake monitoring results based on specific conditions. By setting clearly defined thresholds and distribution conditions, it achieves a classification diagnosis of mud cake conditions. This allows for accurate identification of the development stage and type of mud cake, helping operators quickly take targeted measures to improve construction safety and efficiency.

[0022] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the hob rotation frequency index is: ， in, The rotation frequency index of the hob. The target orbital period is... The rotation frequency within the target orbital period. Let be the initial radius of the hob. This is the distance between the hob and the center of the cutter head.

[0023] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the embodiments of this application can quantify the rotation state of the cutter head using mathematical formulas, avoiding subjective judgment errors on whether the rotation is frequent or not, thereby improving the objectivity and scientificity of the monitoring system. At the same time, it eliminates the influence of differences in equipment parameters, making the rotation frequency index more comparable and universal, and facilitating consistency analysis and historical data comparison between different tunnel boring machines.

[0024] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, it includes: a visualization module, used to visualize the temperature distribution and change trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and change trend of the roller rotation frequency index, so as to monitor the development area, development degree, evolution trend and main influencing location of the mud cake, and generate visualized mud cake monitoring results; and an alarm module, used to generate a mud cake index based on the visualized mud cake monitoring results, and to issue an alarm when the mud cake index reaches a preset monitoring threshold.

[0025] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the embodiments of this application can visualize the temperature distribution of the cutterhead and the frequency of cutter rotation after generating the monitoring results, and clarify the development area, degree, trend and location of mud cake, thereby realizing the intuitiveness of the monitoring results and proactive early warning. In addition, combined with the mud cake index and threshold alarm mechanism, the abnormal development trend can be deduced, thereby realizing proactive prevention and control, reducing downtime and maintenance costs, and ensuring the intelligence and safety of shield tunneling construction.

[0026] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine as described in the above embodiments.

[0027] A fourth aspect of this application provides a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine.

[0028] A fifth aspect of this application provides a computer program product that stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine.

[0029] This application embodiment can obtain the revolution frequency and rotation frequency of the cutterhead within the target revolution period, collect the cutterhead temperature distribution, calculate the cutterhead rotation frequency index, and combine it with the influence law of mud cake on cutterhead temperature and cutterhead rotation to generate cutterhead mud cake monitoring results. This overcomes the limitations of single-parameter monitoring, achieves multi-dimensional data fusion analysis of the impact of mud cake, more comprehensively reflects the cutterhead working status, effectively identifies early signs of mud cake, improves monitoring accuracy and reliability, ensures the safe and stable operation of the tunnel boring machine, and improves tunneling efficiency. Therefore, it solves the problems in related technologies where using a single temperature threshold for mud cake judgment is inaccurate, making it difficult to effectively identify the initial development characteristics of mud cake, and failing to comprehensively consider the cutterhead operating status and rotational obstruction, thus failing to effectively identify the specific location of mud cake influence and making it impossible to assess the actual impact of mud cake formation on cutterhead rotation performance.

[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-parameter sensing unit on a hob according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the change of the resistance value of the thermistor used according to an embodiment of this application as a function of temperature. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of temperature signal intensity and the distribution of hob rotation frequency under different conditions according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a monitoring device for mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure label: 101-Cutterhead box; 102-Cutter; 103-Magnet on cutterhead; 104-Multi-parameter sensing unit; 105-Resistor of protection circuit; 106-Magnetic switch for cutterhead revolution frequency signal circuit and temperature measurement circuit; 107-Cutterhead rotation frequency signal transmitter; 108-Cutterhead revolution frequency signal and temperature signal transmitter module; 109-Thermistor; 110-Power supply; 111-Magnetic switch for cutterhead rotation frequency signal circuit; 112-Plumb bob; 113-Free turntable device; 114-Bearing of the wheel device shaft; 115-Magnet; 10-Monitoring device for mud cake formation on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine; 100-Acquisition module; 200-Calculation module; 300-Monitoring module; 601-Memory; 602-Processor; 603-Communication interface. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0034] The following describes a method, apparatus, and electronic device for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) according to embodiments of the present application, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the related technologies mentioned in the background section, the use of a single temperature threshold for mud cake judgment is inaccurate, making it difficult to effectively identify the initial development characteristics of mud cake. Furthermore, it fails to comprehensively consider the operating state of the cutterhead and rotational obstruction, thus failing to effectively identify the specific location of mud cake's influence and making it impossible to assess the actual impact of mud cake formation on the cutterhead's rotational performance. This application provides a method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a TBM. In this method, the rotation frequency of the cutterhead and the temperature distribution of the cutterhead are acquired. After calculating the cutterhead rotation frequency index, the influence of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutterhead rotation is combined to generate a mud cake monitoring result. This overcomes the limitations of single-parameter monitoring, achieves multi-dimensional data fusion analysis of the impact of mud cake, more comprehensively reflects the working state of the cutterhead, effectively identifies early signs of mud cake formation, improves monitoring accuracy and reliability, ensures the safe and stable operation of the TBM, and enhances tunneling efficiency. This solves the problems in related technologies, such as the inaccuracy of using a single temperature threshold to judge mud cake formation, the difficulty in effectively identifying the initial development characteristics of mud cake, the inability to comprehensively consider the operating status of the cutter and the situation of rotational obstruction, the inability to effectively identify the specific location of mud cake influence, and the inability to assess the actual impact of mud cake formation on the rotational performance of the cutter.

[0035] Before describing the method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine according to the embodiments of this application, the multi-parameter sensing unit on the cutterhead involved in the embodiments of this application will be introduced first.

[0036] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-parameter sensing unit on a hob according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Among them, 101 is the cutter box; 102 is the cutter; 103 is the magnet on the cutter; 104 is the multi-parameter sensing unit; 105 is the resistor of the protection circuit; 106 is the magnetic switch of the cutter revolution frequency signal circuit and temperature measurement circuit; 107 is the cutter rotation frequency signal transmitter; 108 is the cutter revolution frequency signal and temperature signal transmission module; 109 is thermistor; 110 is the power supply; 111 is the magnetic switch of the cutter rotation frequency signal circuit; 112 is the plumb bob; 113 is the free turntable device; 114 is the bearing of the wheel device shaft; and 115 is the magnet.

[0038] Specifically, under the influence of gravity, the temperature sensing unit contains a device that automatically transmits temperature signals as the cutter head rotates. The temperature sensing unit includes a rotating disk (such as a cross shape) perpendicular to the cutter head plane. A plumb bob 112 is located at the bottom of the disk, ensuring the disk's orientation remains constant as the cutter head revolves. A permanent magnet is located on one side of the disk. When the switch in the circuit within the unit rotates past the permanent magnet as the cutter head rotates, the magnetic switch 106 of the temperature sensing circuit is affected by the magnetic force, overcoming the elasticity of the flexible insulating spring, thus connecting the circuit and generating a revolution frequency signal for the cutter head as it revolves with the cutter head. This revolution frequency is then incremented by one. Simultaneously, the thermistor 109 in the circuit changes its resistance value according to the temperature, generating an electrical signal of corresponding strength. This revolution frequency signal, which also serves as the temperature signal, can be transmitted wirelessly for further processing.

[0039] At the same time, the rotation of the roller cutter causes the magnet near the edge of the roller cutter to rotate. When the magnet passes through switch 111, the circuit is connected, generating a frequency signal of the roller cutter's rotation, which is transmitted through the wireless transmission module for subsequent processing.

[0040] Optionally, the angle of the permanent magnet in the freely rotating turntable device can be adjusted according to the position of the hob, so that all the hob measuring points on the entire cutter head periodically and simultaneously emit revolution frequency signals and temperature signals.

[0041] Specifically, Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of this tunnel boring machine includes the following steps: In step S201, the revolution frequency of the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine and the rotation frequency within the target revolution period are obtained, and the temperature distribution of the cutterhead is collected.

[0043] It is understood that the target revolution period in the embodiments of this application can be the revolution period of the hob along with the cutter head, which is related to the size of the cutter head and the distribution of the hobs. In order to ensure numerical stability, an appropriate value is selected. The target revolution period can be set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation, and no specific restrictions are made here.

[0044] In actual implementation, the embodiments of this application can obtain the revolution frequency of the hob along the cutter head by means of a counting sensor based on the principle of magnetic induction counting. and the set orbital period internal rotation frequency Meanwhile, the temperature is intermittently acquired through a temperature measuring circuit containing a thermistor and sent to the central control platform via a signal transmission module.

[0045] Specifically, the temperature measurement circuit includes a thermistor, an electromagnetic switch, and a signal transmission module capable of identifying and emitting temperature signals. The cutter rotation frequency measurement sensor is a magnetic induction switch. The cutter head rotation frequency sensor is a simple gravity sensor with a plumb bob, capable of sensing the number of revolutions of the cutter head with the cutter head and triggering the magnetic induction switch, while simultaneously generating and emitting a temperature signal.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, an NTC thermistor is used, which has high sensitivity and can accurately detect minute temperature fluctuations on the cutter head surface. When arranging the thermistor, it can be fixed to the side adjacent to the cutter box using thermally conductive adhesive, metal clips, or springs, ensuring good thermal conductivity between the thermistor and the cutter box. Furthermore, the operating current should be kept as low as possible to avoid self-heating.

[0047] Compared to continuous power supply temperature sensing, the intermittent temperature monitoring in this embodiment significantly extends the battery life in the device box and enables the cutters on the same cutterhead radius to periodically and automatically transmit signals as the cutterhead rotates. It also ensures that all cutters collect temperature data in nearly constant positions during several revolutions of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead, thereby reducing the impact of spatial temperature distribution differences on the measurement results.

[0048] The embodiments of this application can simultaneously collect core parameters of cutter rotation and cutterhead temperature data, providing multi-parameter support for sludge cake monitoring, thereby comprehensively capturing the initial abnormal signals caused by sludge cake, avoiding the limitations of single-parameter monitoring, and establishing a more comprehensive basis for evaluating the working status of the cutterhead, thus improving the comprehensiveness and reliability of the monitoring system.

[0049] In step S202, the rotation frequency index of the hob is calculated based on the revolution frequency and the rotation frequency within the target revolution period.

[0050] It is understood that the hob rotation frequency index in the embodiments of this application can be understood as a normalized parameter that quantifies the degree of hob rotation activity. It can be used to eliminate the influence of the fluctuation of the cutter head revolution speed on the hob rotation evaluation under different working conditions, so as to make the evaluation of the hob rotation state more consistent and comparable.

[0051] In practical implementation, this application's embodiments propose a hob rotation frequency index to intuitively reflect the characteristics and differences in the rotation frequency of the hob in different regions: Let the hob rotate in [number] revolutions. At that time, the rotation frequency of the hob is The hob's rotation frequency index is obtained by normalizing the hob's motion path length. .

[0052] The embodiments of this application can convert the rotation frequency into a standardized index, establish a unified standard for evaluating the working state of hobs, and enable direct comparison of the working state of hobs at different positions and of different sizes, providing a quantitative basis for accurately identifying abnormal hob working states.

[0053] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the hob rotation frequency index is: ， in, This refers to the frequency of hob rotation. For the target orbital period, The rotation frequency within the target orbital period, The initial radius of the hob is... This is the distance between the hob and the center of the cutter head.

[0054] For example, embodiments of this application can calculate the rotation frequency index of any hob on the cutter head. Assume the cutter head rotates. During the rotation, the frequency of the hob's rotation is The rolling distance of the hob on the working face According to the length of the hob's motion path After normalization, the rotation frequency index of the hob is obtained. The formula for calculating the rotation frequency index of the hob is: ， in, For any hob rotation frequency index, The set revolution period of the hob with the cutter head (related to the cutter head size and hob distribution; a suitable value is selected to ensure numerical stability) is used. value), For the set orbital period Rotation frequency within, The initial radius of the hob is... This is the distance between the hob and the center of the cutter head.

[0055] The embodiments of this application can quantify the rotation state of the cutter head using mathematical formulas, avoiding subjective judgment errors regarding the frequency of rotation, thereby improving the objectivity and scientific nature of the monitoring system. At the same time, it eliminates the influence of differences in equipment parameters, making the rotation frequency index more comparable and universal, and facilitating consistency analysis and historical data comparison between different tunnel boring machines.

[0056] In step S203, based on the information on the influence of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, and combined with the temperature distribution and trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and trend of the cutter rotation frequency index, the mud cake monitoring results on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine are generated.

[0057] It is understood that the information on the influence of the mud cake on the cutter head temperature and the rotation of the cutter in the embodiments of this application can be understood as a database of characteristic laws of temperature anomalies and rotational obstruction exhibited during the mud cake formation process, summarized through experiments and engineering practice.

[0058] In actual implementation, the results of this application embodiment are combined with the abnormal distribution of temperature and the abnormal distribution of the roller rotation frequency index for comprehensive judgment, so as to detect the trend of mud cake formation in advance, realize early warning, reduce unplanned downtime, and improve the accuracy of mud cake judgment by combining the temperature of the measuring points in adjacent areas and the roller rotation frequency index. At the same time, it can also determine the main location of mud cake formation.

[0059] This application embodiment can generate monitoring results based on the fusion analysis of the influence law of mud cake and two-dimensional real-time data. Through the precise matching of data and laws, the objective judgment of the mud cake state is realized. At the same time, by combining the two core related dimensions of temperature and rotation, it can comprehensively capture the complex abnormal signals caused by mud cake, effectively reduce the probability of misjudgment of single-dimensional data, and improve the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.

[0060] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, based on the information regarding the impact of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, and combining the temperature distribution and trend of the cutterhead with the distribution and trend of the cutter rotation frequency index, a mud cake monitoring result on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine is generated. This includes: obtaining the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead temperature and the extreme values ​​of the cutter rotation frequency index based on the temperature distribution and trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and trend of the cutter rotation frequency index; and generating the mud cake monitoring result on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine based on the information regarding the impact of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead temperature and the extreme values ​​of the cutter rotation frequency index, and the working status of the tunnel boring machine.

[0061] It is understood that the extreme temperature values ​​in the embodiments of this application can be understood as abnormally high temperature points appearing on the surface of the cutter head, and the extreme values ​​of the rotation frequency index can be understood as rotation state values ​​that deviate significantly from the normal range.

[0062] In actual implementation, the embodiments of this application can calibrate the temperature measuring circuit so that all measuring points on the cutterhead have the same temperature-resistance correspondence, so as to extract the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead temperature distribution data and calculate the extreme value changes of the cutter rotation frequency index, forming a dataset of the change characteristics of two types of parameters; then, real-time working status parameters are obtained from the shield machine control system, and the dataset of change characteristics is fused and analyzed with the mud cake influence information, and the final monitoring result is generated through cross-validation of multi-dimensional parameters.

[0063] The embodiments of this application can extract the variation characteristics of extreme temperature values ​​and extreme values ​​of rotation frequency indicators, and combine the impact information of mud cake with the working status of the tunnel boring machine to generate results, thereby more accurately diagnosing the cause and extent of mud cake formation, enhancing the pertinence and adaptability of monitoring, and further improving accuracy.

[0064] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, based on the influence information of mud cake on cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, and the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation frequency index, combined with the working status of the tunnel boring machine, a mud cake monitoring result for the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine is generated, including: if the temperature distribution does not show extreme values ​​and the cutter rotation frequency index and cutterhead rotation frequency are positively distributed, a first mud cake monitoring result is generated, wherein the first mud cake monitoring result is the result of the cutter having no mud cake trend and uniform wear; if the temperature distribution does not show extreme values ​​and the cutter rotation frequency index is inversely distributed with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the decrease value of the cutter rotation frequency index is less than a preset threshold, a second mud cake monitoring result is generated, wherein the second mud cake monitoring result is the result of the cutter having no mud cake trend. However, occasional idling, stopping, or slight wear may occur. If the temperature distribution shows extreme values ​​and the cutterhead rotation frequency index shows an inverse distribution with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the decrease value is greater than the preset threshold, and the tunnel boring machine is in a state of increased thrust and torque with decreased tunneling speed, then a third mud cake monitoring result is generated. The third mud cake monitoring result indicates severe mud cake formation on the cutterhead, leading to severe wear of the cutterhead. If the temperature distribution shows extreme values ​​and the cutterhead rotation frequency index shows no significant change with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the tunnel boring machine is in a state of increased thrust and torque with decreased tunneling speed, then a fourth mud cake monitoring result is generated. The fourth mud cake monitoring result indicates that mud cake gradually forms on the cutterhead, but the cutterhead does not show a significant wear trend.

[0065] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the positive distribution can be understood as the hob rotation frequency index increasing synchronously with the increase of the cutter head rotation frequency; the negative distribution can be understood as the hob rotation frequency index decreasing with the increase of the cutter head rotation frequency; the distribution with no significant change can be understood as the hob rotation frequency index not changing significantly with the increase of the cutter head rotation frequency; the preset threshold is a critical value calibrated based on a large amount of engineering data, used to distinguish the degree of abnormality. For example, the preset threshold can be a reduction of 15%. The preset threshold can be set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation, and no specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0066] In some examples, the effects of cake formation and cutter rotation characteristics on temperature and cutter rotation frequency are as follows: When the temperature distribution on the cutter head remains constant and the cutter rotation frequency increases with the increase of the cutter head rotation frequency, it indicates that the cutter has no tendency to form cake and wears evenly; when the temperature distribution on the cutter head remains constant and the cutter rotation frequency decreases with the increase of the cutter head rotation frequency, and the decrease does not show a significant increasing trend, it indicates that the cutter has no tendency to form cake but occasionally experiences idling, stopping, or slight uneven wear; when a small area of ​​abnormal temperature gradually increases above other measuring points on the cutter head, the temperature on the cutter head gradually decreases. When the cutterhead rotation frequency index gradually decreases as the cutterhead rotation frequency increases, and the tunneling speed decreases as the tunnel boring machine thrust and torque increase, it indicates that severe mud cake has formed on the cutterhead, leading to severe uneven wear of the cutterhead. When a small area of ​​abnormal temperature on the cutterhead gradually exceeds that of other measuring points on the cutterhead, and the cutterhead rotation frequency index does not change significantly as the cutterhead rotation frequency increases, and the tunneling speed decreases as the tunnel boring machine thrust and torque increase, it indicates that mud cake is gradually forming in the nearby cutterhead area. However, the mud cake is mainly located in the nearby cutterhead area rather than on the cutterhead and does not affect the rotation of the cutterhead. There is no obvious uneven wear trend of the cutterhead.

[0067] In actual implementation, this embodiment can determine whether there are extreme values ​​in the cutterhead temperature distribution, then analyze the distribution relationship between the cutterhead rotation frequency index and the cutterhead rotation frequency, and combine this with the working status of the tunnel boring machine to generate mud cake monitoring results for the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine. If no extreme values ​​are found in the temperature distribution and the cutterhead rotation frequency index and the cutterhead rotation frequency are positively distributed, a first mud cake monitoring result is generated, wherein the first mud cake monitoring result is the result of the cutterhead showing no mud cake tendency and uniform wear. If no extreme values ​​are found in the temperature distribution and the cutterhead rotation frequency index shows an inverse distribution with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the decrease in the cutterhead rotation frequency index is less than a preset threshold, a second mud cake monitoring result is generated, wherein the second mud cake monitoring result is the result of the cutterhead showing no mud cake tendency but occasionally experiencing idling, stopping, or slight uneven wear. If the temperature distribution shows extreme values ​​and the cutterhead rotation frequency index shows an inverse distribution with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the decrease value is greater than a preset threshold, and the tunnel boring machine is operating in a state where thrust and torque increase while the tunneling speed decreases, then a third mud cake monitoring result is generated. This third mud cake monitoring result indicates severe mud cake formation on the cutterhead, leading to severe cutterhead wear. If the temperature distribution shows extreme values ​​and the cutterhead rotation frequency index shows no significant change with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the tunnel boring machine is operating in a state where thrust and torque increase while the tunneling speed decreases, then a fourth mud cake monitoring result is generated. This fourth mud cake monitoring result indicates that mud cake gradually forms on the cutterhead, but the cutterhead does not show a significant tendency for wear.

[0068] For example, embodiments of this application can combine the temperature distribution of the cutter head with the rotation frequency index of the hobbing cutter in different regions to obtain, as follows: Figure 4The diagram shows the cutterhead temperature distribution and cutter rotation frequency characteristics in different areas under different conditions. Type A is characterized by no mud cake and normal wear. In this case, due to the insulation effect of the absence of mud cake, the heat generated during tunneling is roughly equal to the heat dissipation. As the cutterhead rotates, the temperature distribution remains almost constant, and the temperature distribution along the radius of the cutterhead remains basically stable or only shows a slight slope change. This is because the movement path of the outer ring cutters is relatively long. If all cutters along the radius are uniformly worn, the cutter frequency index... The distribution is a horizontal linear distribution, and Figure 4 Frequency index The value gradually increases with the uniform wear of the cutter. Type B shows no tendency for cake formation, but the cutter occasionally idles, stops, or experiences slight uneven wear. At this time, the cutter head rotation frequency... N As it increases, the temperature T The distribution on the cutter head remains almost unchanged. Frequency of rotation of the cutter head N The size of the blade increases and decreases (on the cutter head). A minimum value appears, but the decrease does not show a significant increasing trend. Further analysis can be conducted by combining the frequency and frequency distribution of the cutter rotation. Type C indicates that the cutter has caked up and is worn unevenly. In this case, the abnormal temperature is significantly higher than the radius of the cutterhead at the measuring point. R c Other measuring points on the axis and above the radius of the same cutterhead R Other measuring points on the tool turret T (Extreme value appears); as the mud cake continues to accumulate on the surface of the cutter head, its resistance to the rotation of the cutter head gradually increases (on the cutter head). (Exceeding a minimum value), and when the hob frequency index A reading close to 0 indicates that the cutterhead is almost completely jammed by the mud cake; simultaneously, the tunnel boring machine's thrust and torque increase while the tunneling speed decreases. Type D indicates mud cake buildup on the cutterhead. At this point, the abnormal temperature gradually exceeds the radius of the cutterhead at the measuring point. R c Other measuring points on the axis and above the radius of the same cutterhead R Other measuring points (on the cutter head) T (Exhibition of a maximum value), but The changes are not significant, but the tunnel boring machine's thrust and torque increase. At this point, the mud cake is mainly located near the cutterhead rather than the cutterhead and does not affect the cutterhead rotation; the cutterheads do not show a significant tendency to wear unevenly. It should be noted that this type of mud cake is very likely to gradually affect the cutterhead rotation, transforming it into a C-shape.

[0069] This application's embodiments can generate four types of mud cake monitoring results based on specific conditions. By setting clearly defined thresholds and distribution conditions, it achieves a classification diagnosis of mud cake conditions. This allows for accurate identification of the development stage and type of mud cake, helping operators quickly take targeted measures to improve construction safety and efficiency.

[0070] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, after generating mud cake monitoring results for the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine based on the information on the influence of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, combined with the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutter rotation frequency index, the method further includes: visualizing the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutter rotation frequency index to monitor the development area, development degree, evolution trend and main influencing location of mud cake, and generating visualized mud cake monitoring results; generating mud cake index based on the visualized mud cake monitoring results, and issuing an alarm when the mud cake index reaches a preset monitoring threshold.

[0071] It is understood that the visualized mud cake monitoring results in the embodiments of this application can be understood as monitoring data presented in a graphical form, which may include a cutterhead temperature thermogram and a cutter rotation index trend chart; the mud cake index is a quantitative evaluation value that comprehensively considers factors such as the development area range, development degree, and evolution rate; the preset monitoring threshold is an alarm critical standard set according to engineering safety requirements; the preset monitoring threshold can be set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation, and no specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0072] For example, embodiments of this application can use a visualization platform to convert the temperature distribution of the cutterhead into a heat map, intuitively presenting areas of abnormal high temperature; embodiments of this application can display the frequency index of cutter rotation in the form of a line graph, reflecting the trend of index changes, and automatically marking the core area and influence range of mud cake development; embodiments of this application can generate a comprehensive mud cake index based on the visualization results through a weighted algorithm, and when the index value reaches a preset monitoring threshold, the system automatically triggers an audible and visual alarm or sends a warning message to the operation and maintenance terminal.

[0073] For example, the mud cake index can be quantified using a percentage system, and the preset monitoring thresholds can be divided into three levels: a first-level warning threshold of 60 points, a second-level warning threshold of 80 points, and an emergency shutdown threshold of 90 points. Specifically, 60 points corresponds to mud cake development covering 20% ​​of the cutterhead area with a relatively mild degree of development; 80 points corresponds to mud cake development covering 40% of the cutterhead area with an accelerating evolution trend; and 90 points corresponds to mud cake covering key tunneling areas of the cutterhead (such as the central and edge areas) and causing a decrease in tunneling speed of more than 30%. In practical applications, based on different geological conditions, different tunnel boring machine models, and different construction parameters, the thresholds can be adjusted according to construction progress requirements and equipment tolerance. For example, in emergency rescue projects, the first-level warning threshold can be lowered to 50 points to initiate intervention measures in advance.

[0074] This application embodiment can visualize the cutterhead temperature distribution and cutter rotation frequency index after generating monitoring results, clarify the development area, degree, trend and influencing location of mud cake, thereby realizing intuitive monitoring results and proactive early warning. Combined with mud cake index and threshold alarm mechanism, abnormal development trend can be deduced, thereby achieving proactive prevention and control, reducing downtime and maintenance costs, and ensuring the intelligence and safety of shield tunneling construction.

[0075] The method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) according to the embodiments of this application can acquire the rotation frequency of the cutterhead and collect the temperature distribution of the cutterhead. After calculating the rotation frequency index of the cutterhead, the method combines the influence law of mud cake formation on the cutterhead temperature and cutterhead rotation to generate the monitoring results of mud cake formation on the cutterhead. This overcomes the limitations of single-parameter monitoring, realizes multi-dimensional data fusion analysis of the impact of mud cake formation, more comprehensively reflects the working status of the cutterhead, effectively identifies early signs of mud cake formation, improves monitoring accuracy and reliability, ensures the safe and stable operation of the TBM, and improves tunneling efficiency. Therefore, this solves the problem in related technologies where the use of a single temperature threshold for mud cake formation judgment is inaccurate, making it difficult to effectively identify the initial development characteristics of mud cake formation, and failing to comprehensively consider the cutterhead operating status and rotation obstruction, thus failing to effectively identify the specific location of mud cake formation and making it impossible to assess the actual impact of mud cake formation on the cutterhead rotation performance.

[0076] Next, referring to the accompanying drawings, a monitoring device for mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of this application is described.

[0077] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring device for mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of this application.

[0078] like Figure 5 As shown, the monitoring device 10 for mud cake formation on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine includes: a data acquisition module 100, a calculation module 200, and a monitoring module 300.

[0079] The acquisition module 100 is used to acquire the revolution frequency of the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine and the rotation frequency within the target revolution period, and to acquire the temperature distribution of the cutterhead.

[0080] The calculation module 200 is used to calculate the rotation frequency index of the hob based on the revolution frequency and the rotation frequency within the target revolution period.

[0081] The monitoring module 300 is used to generate monitoring results of mud cake on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine based on the information on the impact of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, combined with the temperature distribution and trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and trend of the cutter rotation frequency index.

[0082] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the monitoring module 300 includes an acquisition unit and a generation unit.

[0083] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the temperature extremes of the cutter head and the extreme values ​​of the hob rotation frequency index based on the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutter head and the distribution and variation trend of the hob rotation frequency index.

[0084] The generation unit is used to generate monitoring results of mud cake on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) based on the influence of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the cutterhead temperature and the extreme values ​​of the cutter rotation frequency index, and the working status of the TBM.

[0085] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the generation unit includes: a first generation subunit, a second generation subunit, a third generation subunit, and a fourth generation subunit.

[0086] Specifically, the first generation subunit is used to generate the first mud cake monitoring result if the temperature distribution does not show temperature extremes and the roller rotation frequency index is positively distributed with the cutter head rotation frequency. The first mud cake monitoring result is the result of the roller having no mud cake trend and uniform wear.

[0087] The second generation subunit is used to generate a second mud cake monitoring result if the temperature distribution does not show a temperature extreme value and the roller rotation frequency index shows an inverse distribution with the cutter head rotation frequency, and the decrease value of the roller rotation frequency index is less than a preset threshold. The second mud cake monitoring result is the result that the roller has no tendency to form mud cakes but occasionally runs idle, stops, or experiences slight wear.

[0088] The third generation subunit is used to generate the third mud cake monitoring result if the temperature distribution shows extreme values ​​and the roller cutter rotation frequency index shows an inverse distribution with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the decrease value is greater than the preset threshold, and the shield machine is in a state where the thrust and torque increase while the tunneling speed decreases. The third mud cake monitoring result is the result of severe mud cake formation on the roller cutter, which leads to severe wear of the roller cutter.

[0089] The fourth generation sub-unit is used to generate the fourth mud cake monitoring result if the temperature distribution shows extreme values ​​and the roller cutter rotation frequency index shows no significant change with the cutterhead rotation frequency, and the shield machine is in a state where the thrust and torque increase while the tunneling speed decreases. The fourth mud cake monitoring result is the result of mud cake gradually forming on the cutterhead and the roller cutter showing no obvious wear trend.

[0090] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the formula for calculating the hob rotation frequency index is: ， in, This refers to the frequency of hob rotation. For the target orbital period, The rotation frequency within the target orbital period, Let be the initial radius of the hob. This is the distance between the hob and the center of the cutter head.

[0091] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the monitoring device 10 for mud cake formation on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine includes: a visualization module and an alarm module.

[0092] The visualization module is used to visualize the temperature distribution and trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and trend of the roller rotation frequency index, so as to monitor the development area, development degree, evolution trend and main influencing location of mud cake, and generate visualized mud cake monitoring results.

[0093] The alarm module is used to generate a mud cake index based on the visual mud cake monitoring results, and to issue an alarm when the mud cake index reaches a preset monitoring threshold.

[0094] It should be noted that the explanation of the aforementioned method for monitoring mud cake on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine also applies to the monitoring device for mud cake on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0095] The monitoring device for mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) proposed in this application can acquire the rotation frequency of the cutterhead and collect the temperature distribution of the cutterhead. After calculating the cutterhead rotation frequency index, it combines the influence of mud cake formation on the cutterhead temperature and cutterhead rotation to generate mud cake monitoring results. This overcomes the limitations of single-parameter monitoring, achieves multi-dimensional data fusion analysis of the impact of mud cake formation, more comprehensively reflects the working status of the cutterhead, effectively identifies early signs of mud cake formation, improves monitoring accuracy and reliability, ensures the safe and stable operation of the TBM, and improves tunneling efficiency. Therefore, it solves the problem in related technologies where the use of a single temperature threshold for mud cake judgment is inaccurate, making it difficult to effectively identify the initial development characteristics of mud cake formation. Furthermore, it fails to comprehensively consider the cutterhead operating status and rotational obstruction, thus failing to effectively identify the specific location of mud cake formation and making it impossible to assess the actual impact of mud cake formation on cutterhead rotation performance.

[0096] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device may include: The memory 601, the processor 602, and the computer program stored on the memory 601 and capable of running on the processor 602.

[0097] When the processor 602 executes the program, it implements the method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine provided in the above embodiments.

[0098] Furthermore, electronic devices also include: Communication interface 603 is used for communication between memory 601 and processor 602.

[0099] The memory 601 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 602.

[0100] The memory 601 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0101] If the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 603, memory 601, and processor 602 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 6 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0102] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0103] The processor 602 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0104] This application also provides a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine.

[0105] This application also provides a computer program product storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine.

[0106] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0107] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0108] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0109] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0110] It should be understood that the various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or more of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0112] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0113] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, include: The revolution frequency of the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine and the rotation frequency within the target revolution period are obtained, and the temperature distribution of the cutterhead is collected. The rotation frequency index of the hob is calculated based on the revolution frequency and the rotation frequency within the target revolution period; Based on the information on the impact of mud cake on cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, and combined with the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutter rotation frequency index, the mud cake monitoring results on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine are generated.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The information on the impact of mud cake on cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, combined with the temperature distribution and trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and trend of the cutter rotation frequency index, generates the mud cake monitoring results for the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine, including: Based on the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutter head and the distribution and variation trend of the hob rotation frequency index, the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the temperature of the cutter head and the extreme values ​​of the hob rotation frequency index are obtained. Based on the information on the influence of mud cake on cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, and the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation frequency index, combined with the working status of the tunnel boring machine, the mud cake monitoring results on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine are generated.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The information on the impact of mud cake on cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, along with the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation frequency, combined with the working status of the tunnel boring machine, generates mud cake monitoring results for the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine, including: If the temperature distribution does not show extreme values ​​and the rotation frequency index of the roller cutter is positively distributed with the rotation frequency of the cutter head, then a first mud cake monitoring result is generated, wherein the first mud cake monitoring result is the result that the roller cutter has no mud cake tendency and wears uniformly. If the temperature distribution does not show the extreme temperature value and the roller rotation frequency index shows an inverse distribution with the cutter head rotation frequency, and the decrease value of the roller rotation frequency index is less than the preset threshold, then a second mud cake monitoring result is generated. The second mud cake monitoring result is the result that the roller has no tendency to form mud cake but occasionally runs idle, stops, or experiences slight wear. If the temperature distribution shows the extreme temperature value and the frequency index of the cutter head rotation is inversely distributed with the frequency of the cutter head rotation, and the decrease value is greater than the preset threshold, and the working state of the tunnel boring machine is a state of increased thrust and torque and decreased tunneling speed, then a third mud cake monitoring result is generated, wherein the third mud cake monitoring result is the result of severe mud cake formation on the cutter head, which leads to severe wear of the cutter head; If the temperature distribution shows the extreme temperature value and the frequency index of the cutterhead rotation does not change significantly with the frequency of the cutterhead rotation, and the tunnel boring machine is in a state where the thrust and torque increase while the tunneling speed decreases, then a fourth mud cake monitoring result is generated. The fourth mud cake monitoring result is the result in the gradual formation of mud cake on the cutterhead and the cutterhead showing no obvious tendency to wear.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the rotation frequency index of the hob is: ， in, The rotation frequency index of the hob. The target orbital period is... The rotation frequency within the target orbital period. Let be the initial radius of the hob. This is the distance between the hob and the center of the cutter head.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After generating the mud cake monitoring results for the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine based on the information on the impact of mud cake on cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, combined with the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutter rotation frequency index, the following steps are also included: The temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the roller rotation frequency index are visualized to monitor the development area, development degree, evolution trend and main influencing location of the mud cake, and generate visualized mud cake monitoring results. Based on the visualized mud cake monitoring results, a mud cake index is generated, and an alarm is triggered when the mud cake index reaches a preset monitoring threshold.

6. A monitoring device for mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the revolution frequency and rotation frequency of the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine within the target revolution period, and to acquire the temperature distribution of the cutterhead; The calculation module is used to calculate the rotation frequency index of the hob based on the revolution frequency and the rotation frequency within the target revolution period; The monitoring module is used to generate monitoring results of mud cake on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine based on the information on the impact of mud cake on the cutterhead temperature and cutter rotation, combined with the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutterhead and the distribution and variation trend of the cutter rotation frequency index.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The monitoring module includes: The acquisition unit is used to obtain the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the temperature of the cutter head and the extreme values ​​of the rotation frequency index of the cutter head based on the temperature distribution and variation trend of the cutter head and the distribution and variation trend of the rotation frequency index of the cutter head. The generation unit is used to generate the mud cake monitoring results of the cutterhead on the tunnel boring machine based on the variation characteristics of the extreme values ​​of the temperature of the cutterhead and the extreme values ​​of the rotation frequency index of the cutterhead, combined with the working status of the tunnel boring machine.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The method includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine as described in any one of claims 1-5.

9. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The program is executed by the processor to implement the method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine as described in any one of claims 1-5.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed to implement the method for monitoring mud cake formation on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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