Vertical tunnel loading resistance performance test device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical tunnel loading resistance performance test device and method, and relates to the technical field of test of resistance performance of protective equipment such as doors under specific loading. The device comprises a retaining wall arranged in an underground tunnel, a plurality of door front pressure boxes are arranged on the retaining wall, protective equipment is arranged on the front side of the retaining wall, a fixing rod is arranged on the rear side of the protective equipment, a plurality of door rear pressure boxes are arranged on the fixing rod in the height direction, and a sensor connecting rod is vertically connected to the fixing rod. A displacement sensor is arranged at one end of the sensor connecting rod close to the protective equipment. The method comprises the following steps of test protection equipment installation, test point arrangement, cable arrangement, connection test, loading device arrangement, tunnel sealing, detonation and post-detonation inspection. According to the invention, safe, controllable, repeatable and comparable resistance performance evaluation can be carried out on the whole door or door frame-wall body composite structure under the real boundary constraint and vertical installation state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing the resistance performance of protective equipment such as gates under specific loading conditions, and specifically to a test device and method for the loading resistance performance of vertical tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of protective facilities in the fields of civil safety and engineering protection, the demand for assessment of the load-bearing capacity, deformation response, and structural integrity of protective door equipment such as air defense doors and explosion-proof doors under extreme working conditions such as explosion impact and impact load is becoming increasingly prominent.

[0003] Current laboratory resistance / impact tests mostly employ planar setups, such as placing door or panel samples horizontally on the ground (or a sandy substrate) for loading tests, or conducting impact tests on small-scale components in an open space. While these methods are relatively simple to implement, they still have significant shortcomings in assessing the overall door structure and its connection system with the door frame and wall, primarily in the following aspects: 1. Inaccurate boundary constraints lead to test deviations: In existing planar tests, door and door frame-wall specimens are often placed on deformable foundations such as sand. The door frame-wall as a whole may undergo displacement and rotation during loading, resulting in inconsistencies between the system's dynamic characteristics (natural frequency, stiffness, damping) and the actual fixed boundary conditions. This causes the door's response value to be systematically understated, making it difficult to reflect the resistance level under real engineering conditions. 2. Insufficient applicability to new types of explosion-proof doors: For some new types of explosion-proof door structures (such as those that do not require a traditional door frame-wall structure or require a threshold), the existing planar installation and loading methods are difficult to standardize assembly and reliably constrain, making it difficult to conduct tests or resulting in poor comparability of test results; 3. The additional deformation introduced by the weight of the door affects the authenticity of the test: Large-sized doors (such as extra-long doors) will undergo significant bending deformation due to their own weight when placed horizontally, thereby changing the initial stress state and contact conditions of the door, which in turn affects key response indicators such as strain, acceleration, and rebound, resulting in a mismatch between the test results and the actual stress state of vertical installation. 4. Inconvenient post-test condition inspection and delayed damage assessment: After the planar test is completed, it is often difficult to immediately test the function of the door, such as the opening and closing mechanism, lock and connecting mechanism in the original position. Usually, it needs to be hoisted and transported to the ground or other locations before testing. This process is not only inefficient, but may also introduce additional damage or cover up the true damage state due to secondary handling, affecting the judgment of the door's damage mode and functional retention ability. 5. Difficulty in comprehensively reflecting tunnel constraints and three-dimensional wave effects: In a tunnel environment, the door is subjected not only to unidirectional loading, but also to the complex effects of tunnel spatial constraints, door frame-wall coupling, and three-dimensional reflected waves. Existing tests in planar and open environments cannot simultaneously simulate these factors, leading to deviations between test conditions and actual engineering conditions.

[0004] In summary, existing planar loading resistance testing methods are insufficient for conducting safe, controllable, repeatable, and comparable resistance performance assessments of entire doors or door frame-wall composite structures under real boundary constraints and vertical installation conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a testing device and method that can safely, controllably, and repeatedly assess the resistance performance of entire doors or door frame-wall composite structures under vertical tunnel constraints. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a vertical tunnel loading resistance performance testing device and method to address the shortcomings of existing technologies in terms of boundary authenticity, applicability, testing accuracy, and post-test functional evaluation.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A vertical tunnel loading resistance performance testing device includes a retaining wall installed in the tunnel, multiple pressure boxes in front of the retaining wall, a protective device on the front side of the retaining wall, a fixed rod on the rear side of the protective device, multiple pressure boxes behind the fixed rod along the height direction, a sensor connecting rod vertically connected to the fixed rod, and a displacement sensor on the end of the sensor connecting rod near the protective device.

[0007] Furthermore, the tunnel has an opening at the top, and a sealing kit is installed at the opening.

[0008] Furthermore, the sealing kit includes multiple concrete blocks embedded in the tunnel opening, which are divided into end concrete blocks and intermediate concrete blocks. The two end concrete blocks are located at the two ends of the tunnel opening, respectively, and the multiple intermediate concrete blocks are located between the two end concrete blocks.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressure box in front of the gate includes a pressure box body, a pressure box cover, fixing buckles, fixing screws, and a pressure box connecting pipe. The pressure box connecting pipe passes through the retaining wall, and two fixing buckles are respectively installed on the pressure box connecting pipe at the front and rear sides of the retaining wall. The fixing screws are installed on the fixing buckles, the pressure box body is installed at the end of the pressure box connecting pipe and located on the front side of the retaining wall, and the pressure box cover is placed on the pressure box body.

[0010] Furthermore, the pressure box cover has a through hole for installing a pressure sensor, which extends into the interior of the pressure box body.

[0011] A method for testing the loading resistance performance of a vertical tunnel includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the test protective equipment: Install the protective equipment at the location of the retaining wall. After the installation is completed, inspect the installation quality of the protective equipment, including various dimensional deviations and performance. Step 2, Measurement point layout: Set up pressure measurement points, strain measurement points, acceleration measurement points and displacement measurement points in front of and behind the tunnel doors; Step 3: Lay out cables: Lay out the corresponding cables for each measuring point, and ensure that the cables are conductive to transmit the signals from each measuring point; Step 4: Connection Test: After the test system is connected, perform pre-explosion debugging on the test system, test the continuity of each channel and the analog signal input, and set the trigger threshold. Step 5: Deploy the loading device: The loading device is placed directly in front of the protective equipment and is used for detonation. It is detonated by explosives, detonating cord, or methane gas. Step Six: Tunnel Sealing: Use a sealing kit to embed into the tunnel opening and seal the top of the tunnel; Step 7: Detonation: Detonate the explosives after setting up warning measures in the blast zone before and after detonation; Step 8: Post-explosion inspection: Inspect the protective equipment and record the data from the sensors at each measuring point.

[0012] Furthermore, in step two, two pressure boxes are arranged on the front sides of the protective equipment on the retaining wall, one pressure box is arranged on the top of the protective equipment on the retaining wall, and three pressure boxes are arranged on the back of the protective equipment on the fixed rod. The three pressure boxes are vertically located at 1 / 4, 2 / 4, and 3 / 4 of the top of the protective equipment, respectively. The positions of the pressure boxes and the pressure boxes correspond to the pressure measuring points. A displacement sensor is placed on the sensor connecting rod, aligned with the center of the protective equipment. The position of the displacement sensor corresponds to the displacement measurement point. Three strain gauges are installed on the back of the protective equipment and two strain gauges are installed on the front. The first strain gauge on the back is located in the center of the protective equipment, the second is located in the middle of the left side of the protective equipment, and the third is located in the lower left side of the protective equipment. The two strain gauges on the front are located in the upper and lower right sides of the protective equipment, respectively. The positions of the strain gauges correspond to the strain measurement points. An acceleration sensor is installed at the center of the back of the protective equipment, and the location of the acceleration sensor corresponds to the acceleration measurement point.

[0013] Furthermore, after the cable is connected and detonated, when the shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the protective equipment, the sensors deployed on the protective equipment and around it generate corresponding signals. These signals are sent to the amplifier via wires for amplification. The data acquisition unit receives the amplified signals, samples them, and transmits the digital signals to the computer for processing by the supporting software.

[0014] Furthermore, before the experiment, various sensors were calibrated, the data acquisition system was initially debugged, and a trial trigger simulation test was conducted after connecting the measuring points and each circuit was connected to ensure that the instruments and equipment of the system were in normal condition, that the wiring of various sensors was correct and the connection was secure, and that experimental safety protection measures were arranged. During the test, the transportation, loading, detonation, and handling of duds of explosives shall be carried out in accordance with the safety operating procedures. After the door is closed, no personnel other than those with explosives shall remain in the unsafe area. Time shall be reserved for detonation to ensure that personnel with explosives can evacuate safely. After the test, check the test data in a timely manner to ensure that the test results conform to the law of the action of the explosion shock wave. After the concrete block is removed and ventilation and smoke are exhausted, personnel can enter the explosion area to check the condition of the protective equipment after the test. After all tests are completed, the instruments, equipment and wires are removed and stored as required. The pressure, acceleration, strain and displacement time history curves obtained from the test are stored in the computer and backed up.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention enables safe, controllable, repeatable, and comparable resistance performance assessments of the entire door or door frame-wall combination structure under real boundary constraints and vertical installation conditions, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies in terms of boundary authenticity, scope of application, test accuracy, and post-test functional evaluation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing kit structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealing kit of the present invention after it is embedded in the tunnel.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure in front of the tunnel entrance of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure behind the tunnel door of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure behind the tunnel door of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the fixing rod of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the door pressure box structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the door pressure box of the present invention when it is installed on a retaining wall.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the test method of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the sensor measuring points in front of the door according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the sensor measuring points behind the door according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the testing system of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Tunnel; 2. Retaining wall; 3. Protective equipment; 4. Pressure box in front of the door; 41. Pressure box body; 42. Pressure box cover; 43. Fixing buckle; 44. Fixing screw; 45. Pressure box connecting pipe; 5. Pressure box behind the door; 6. Fixing rod; 7. Sensor connecting rod; 8. Displacement sensor; 9. Sealing kit; 91. Middle concrete block; 92. End concrete block. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Combination Figures 1 to 10 This embodiment provides a vertical tunnel loading resistance performance testing device, including a retaining wall 2 installed in the tunnel 1, multiple front pressure boxes 4 on the retaining wall 2, a protective device 3 on the front side of the retaining wall 2, a fixing rod 6 on the rear side of the protective device 3, multiple rear pressure boxes 5 along the height direction on the fixing rod 6, a sensor connecting rod 7 vertically connected to the fixing rod 6, and a displacement sensor 8 on the end of the sensor connecting rod 7 near the protective device 3.

[0034] like Figure 2-4 As shown, the top of tunnel 1 is provided with a tunnel opening, and a sealing kit 9 ​​is provided at the tunnel opening.

[0035] The sealing kit 9 ​​includes multiple concrete blocks embedded in the tunnel opening, which are divided into end concrete blocks 92 and intermediate concrete blocks 91. The two end concrete blocks 92 are located at both ends of the tunnel opening, and the multiple intermediate concrete blocks 91 are located between the two end concrete blocks 92.

[0036] like Figure 9-10 As shown, the pressure box 4 in front of the door includes a pressure box body 41, a pressure box cover 42, fixing clips 43, fixing screws 44, and a pressure box connecting pipe 45. The pressure box connecting pipe 45 passes through the retaining wall 2. Two fixing clips 43 are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the pressure box connecting pipe 45 on the front and rear sides of the retaining wall 2. The fixing screws 44 are installed on the fixing clips 43. The pressure box body 41 is installed at the end of the pressure box connecting pipe 45 and is located on the front side of the retaining wall 2. The pressure box cover 42 covers the pressure box body 41. With this design, the pressure box connecting pipe 45 passes through the retaining wall and is fixed to both sides of the retaining wall by the fixing clips 43, so that the pressure box 4 in front of the door can be locked inside the wall. Adjusting the fixing clips can accommodate walls of different thicknesses.

[0037] In this embodiment, a through hole for installing a pressure sensor is provided on the pressure box cover plate 42, and the pressure sensor extends into the interior of the pressure box body 41.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Combination Figure 11-14 This embodiment provides a method for testing the loading resistance performance of a vertical tunnel, including the following steps: Step 1: Install the test protective equipment 3: Install the protective equipment 3 at the position of the retaining wall 2. After the installation is completed, inspect the installation quality of the protective equipment 3, including various dimensional deviations and performance. Step 2, Measurement point layout: Pressure measurement points, strain measurement points, acceleration measurement points and displacement measurement points are set up in front of and behind the door of tunnel 1; Step 3: Lay out cables: Lay out the corresponding cables for each measuring point, and ensure that the cables are conductive to transmit the signals from each measuring point; Step 4: Connection Test: After the test system is connected, perform pre-explosion debugging on the test system, test the continuity of each channel and the analog signal input, and set the trigger threshold. Step 5: Deploy the loading device: The loading device is set directly in front of the protective equipment 3 and is used for detonation. It is detonated by explosives, detonating cord or methane gas. Step Six: Tunnel Sealing: Use sealing kit 9 ​​to embed into the tunnel opening and seal the top of the tunnel; Step 7: Detonation: Detonate the explosives after setting up warning measures in the blast zone before and after detonation; Step 8: Post-explosion inspection: Inspect protective equipment 3 and record the data from the sensors at each measuring point.

[0040] like Figure 12-13 As shown, in step two, two front pressure boxes 4 are respectively arranged on the retaining wall 2 at the positions on both sides in front of the protective equipment 3, one front pressure box 4 is arranged on the retaining wall 2 at the position on top of the protective equipment 3, and three rear pressure boxes 5 are arranged on the fixed rod 6 at the position on the back of the protective equipment 3. The vertical distance of the three rear pressure boxes 5 from the top of the protective equipment 3 is 1 / 4, 2 / 4, and 3 / 4 respectively. The positions of the front pressure boxes 4 and the rear pressure boxes 5 correspond to the pressure measuring points. A displacement sensor 8 is arranged on the sensor connecting rod 7, aligned with the center of the protective equipment 3. The position of the displacement sensor 8 corresponds to the displacement measurement point. Three strain gauges are installed on the back of the protective device 3 and two strain gauges are installed on the front. The first strain gauge on the back is located in the center of the protective device 3, the second is located in the middle of the left side of the protective device 3, and the third is located in the lower left side of the protective device 3. The two strain gauges on the front are located in the upper and lower right sides of the protective device 3, respectively. The positions of the strain gauges correspond to the strain measurement points. An acceleration sensor is installed at the center of the back of the protective device 3, and the location of the acceleration sensor corresponds to the acceleration measurement point.

[0041] like Figure 14 As shown, after the cable is connected and detonated, when the shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the protective equipment 3, the sensors deployed on the protective equipment 3 and around it generate corresponding signals. These signals are sent to the amplifier through the wires for amplification. The data acquisition unit receives the amplified signals, samples them, and transmits the digital signals to the computer for processing by the supporting software.

[0042] In this embodiment, before the test, various sensors are calibrated, the data acquisition system is initially debugged, and a trial trigger simulation test is performed after connecting the measuring points and all circuits are connected to ensure that the instruments and equipment of the system are in normal condition, the wiring of various sensors is correct and the connection is secure, and test safety protection measures are arranged. During the test, the transportation, loading, detonation, and handling of misfires are carried out in accordance with the safety operating procedures. After the door is closed, except for personnel with fire-fighting equipment, other personnel should not stay in the unsafe area, and the detonation time is reserved to ensure that personnel with fire-fighting equipment can evacuate safely. After the test, the test data is checked in a timely manner to ensure that the test results conform to the law of the action of the explosion shock wave. After the concrete block is removed, ventilation and smoke removal are carried out, and personnel can enter the blast area to check the condition of the protective equipment after the test. After all tests are completed, the instruments, equipment and wires are removed and stored as required, and the pressure, acceleration, strain and displacement time history curves obtained from the test are stored in the computer and backed up.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical tunnel loading resistance performance testing device, characterized in that, It includes a retaining wall (2) set in the tunnel (1), a plurality of door front pressure boxes (4) are provided on the retaining wall (2), a protective device (3) is provided on the front side of the retaining wall (2), a fixed rod (6) is provided on the rear side of the protective device (3), a plurality of door rear pressure boxes (5) are provided on the fixed rod (6) along the height direction, a sensor connecting rod (7) is vertically connected to the fixed rod (6), and a displacement sensor (8) is provided at the end of the sensor connecting rod (7) near the protective device (3).

2. The vertical tunnel loading resistance performance testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the tunnel (1) is provided with a tunnel opening, and a sealing kit (9) is provided at the tunnel opening.

3. The vertical tunnel loading resistance performance testing device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sealing kit (9) includes a plurality of concrete blocks embedded in the tunnel opening, which are divided into end concrete blocks (92) and intermediate concrete blocks (91). The two end concrete blocks (92) are located at the two ends of the tunnel opening, and the plurality of intermediate concrete blocks (91) are located between the two end concrete blocks (92).

4. The vertical tunnel loading resistance performance testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure box (4) in front of the door includes a pressure box body (41), a pressure box cover (42), a fixing buckle (43), a fixing screw (44), and a pressure box connecting pipe (45). The pressure box connecting pipe (45) passes through the retaining wall (2). Two fixing buckles (43) are respectively installed on the pressure box connecting pipe (45) at the front and rear sides of the retaining wall (2). The fixing screw (44) is installed on the fixing buckle (43). The pressure box body (41) is installed at the end of the pressure box connecting pipe (45) and is located on the front side of the retaining wall (2). The pressure box cover (42) is placed on the pressure box body (41).

5. The vertical tunnel loading resistance performance testing device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The pressure box cover (42) has a through hole for installing a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor extends into the interior of the pressure box body (41).

6. A method for testing the loading resistance performance of a vertical tunnel, using the apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the test protective equipment (3): Install the protective equipment (3) at the position of the retaining wall (2). After the installation is completed, inspect the installation quality of the protective equipment (3), including various dimensional deviations and performance. Step 2, Layout of measuring points: Pressure measuring points, strain measuring points, acceleration measuring points and displacement measuring points are set up in front of and behind the door of the tunnel (1); Step 3: Lay out cables: Lay out the corresponding cables for each measuring point, and ensure that the cables are conductive to transmit the signals from each measuring point; Step 4: Connection Test: After the test system is connected, perform pre-explosion debugging on the test system, test the continuity of each channel and the analog signal input, and set the trigger threshold. Step 5: Install the loading device: The loading device is set in front of the protective equipment (3) for detonation. It is detonated by explosives, detonating cord or methane gas. Step 6: Tunnel sealing: Use a sealing kit (9) to embed into the tunnel opening to seal the top of the tunnel; Step 7: Detonation: Detonate the explosives after setting up warning measures in the blast zone before and after detonation; Step 8: Post-explosion inspection: Inspect the protective equipment (3) and record the data of the sensors at each measuring point.

7. The method for testing the loading resistance performance of a vertical tunnel as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step two, two front pressure boxes (4) are arranged on the retaining wall (2) on both sides in front of the protective equipment (3), one front pressure box (4) is arranged on the retaining wall (2) at the top of the protective equipment (3), and three rear pressure boxes (5) are arranged on the fixed rod (6) at the back of the protective equipment (3). The three rear pressure boxes (5) are vertically 1 / 4, 2 / 4, and 3 / 4 of the distance from the top of the protective equipment (3), respectively. The positions of the front pressure box (4) and the rear pressure box (5) correspond to the pressure measuring points. A displacement sensor (8) is arranged on the sensor connecting rod (7) aligned with the center of the protective equipment (3). The position of the displacement sensor (8) corresponds to the displacement measurement point. Three strain gauges are set on the back of the protective device (3) and two strain gauges are set on the front. The first strain gauge on the back is located in the center of the protective device (3), the second is located in the middle of the left side of the protective device (3), and the third is located in the lower left side of the protective device (3). The two strain gauges on the front are located in the upper and lower right sides of the protective device (3), respectively. The positions of the strain gauges correspond to the strain measurement points. An acceleration sensor is installed at the center of the back of the protective equipment (3), and the location of the acceleration sensor corresponds to the acceleration measurement point.

8. The method for testing the loading resistance performance of a vertical tunnel as described in claim 6, characterized in that, After the cable is connected and detonated, when the shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the protective equipment (3), the sensors installed on the protective equipment (3) and around it generate corresponding signals, which are sent to the amplifier through the wires for signal amplification. The data acquisition unit receives the amplified signal for sampling and transmits the digital signal to the computer for processing by the supporting software.

9. The method for testing the loading resistance performance of a vertical tunnel as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Before the experiment, various sensors were calibrated, the data acquisition system was initially debugged, and a trial trigger simulation test was conducted after connecting the measuring points and each circuit was connected to ensure that the instruments and equipment of the system were in normal condition, that the wiring of various sensors was correct and the connection was secure, and that experimental safety protection measures were arranged. During the test, the transportation, loading, detonation, and handling of duds of explosives shall be carried out in accordance with the safety operating procedures. After the door is closed, no personnel other than those with explosives shall remain in the unsafe area. Time shall be reserved for detonation to ensure that personnel with explosives can evacuate safely. After the test, check the test data in a timely manner to ensure that the test results conform to the law of the action of the explosion shock wave. After the concrete block is removed and ventilation and smoke are exhausted, personnel can enter the explosion area to check the condition of the protective equipment after the test. After all tests are completed, the instruments, equipment and wires are removed and stored as required. The pressure, acceleration, strain and displacement time history curves obtained from the test are stored in the computer and backed up.

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