Aquatic product freshness nondestructive testing device based on near infrared spectrum

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product detection, in particular to an aquatic product freshness nondestructive detection device based on a near infrared spectrum. Comprising a detection cabin and a sorting unit, a dynamic detection platform and a near-infrared spectrum scanning unit are arranged in the detection cabin, the dynamic detection platform is used for bearing aquatic products and making the aquatic products rotate, and the near-infrared spectrum scanning unit is arranged above the dynamic detection platform and used for conducting all-directional detection on aquatic product samples in the rotating motion; the sorting unit is arranged at the outlet position of the detection cabin and used for executing a sorting action on a detection result, and a control unit is further arranged on the detection device and used for processing spectral data and controlling the dynamic detection platform, the near-infrared spectrum scanning unit and the sorting unit to work cooperatively. Through a dynamic detection platform and multi-angle omnibearing scanning, the problem of insufficient representativeness of single-point measurement is solved, and efficient, accurate, lossless and online detection of the freshness of aquatic products is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquatic product testing technology, specifically to a non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy. Background Technology

[0002] Aquatic products are rich in nutrients such as protein and unsaturated fatty acids, and are loved by people. However, during the process of fishing, transportation and storage, aquatic products are very susceptible to spoilage and deterioration due to microbial reproduction and enzymatic hydrolysis, which leads to a decline in freshness. This not only affects the taste and nutritional value, but can also produce harmful substances that endanger human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct rapid and accurate detection of the freshness of aquatic products.

[0003] Freshness of aquatic products is a core indicator for evaluating their quality and safety. However, traditional testing methods are often destructive, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and complex to operate, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern aquatic product processing and distribution for rapid, batch, and online testing. Near-infrared spectroscopy, as a rapid and green testing technology, has been widely used in the food testing field. Its principle is to use the absorption spectrum generated by the coupling of near-infrared light with the vibration of hydrogen groups in the molecules of a substance to obtain information on the chemical composition of the substance, thereby realizing the detection of the substance's quality. However, existing technologies for aquatic product testing suffer from poor sample representativeness, usually using single-point or small-area sampling, resulting in high randomness and low accuracy of test results, and lacking the ability to dynamically collect data during storage and transportation, while also having low testing efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a non-destructive testing device for aquatic product freshness based on near-infrared spectroscopy, which can achieve efficient, accurate, non-destructive, and online detection of aquatic product freshness. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the background art and provide a non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy includes a testing chamber and a sorting unit. The testing chamber houses a dynamic testing platform and a near-infrared spectroscopy scanning unit. The dynamic testing platform carries the aquatic products and causes them to rotate. The near-infrared spectroscopy scanning unit is positioned above the dynamic testing platform and is used to perform omnidirectional testing of the rotating aquatic product samples. The sorting unit is located at the exit of the testing chamber and is used to sort the test results. The testing device also includes a control unit for processing spectral data and controlling the coordinated operation of the dynamic testing platform, the near-infrared spectroscopy scanning unit, and the sorting unit.

[0006] Preferably, the dynamic detection platform includes a rotatable turntable, on which at least one pair of detection fixtures for holding and fixing sample boxes are fixedly disposed, and the detection fixtures are evenly distributed circumferentially on the turntable.

[0007] Preferably, the testing chamber is also equipped with an infeed conveyor belt and a feeding conveyor belt for inputting and outputting the sample box into and out of the testing chamber; the positions of the infeed conveyor belt and the feeding conveyor belt correspond to the circumferentially evenly distributed angle of the testing fixture.

[0008] Preferably, an annular bracket is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the detection chamber, and multiple light source modules are evenly distributed circumferentially on the annular bracket. Multiple spectral acquisition probes arranged alternately with the light source modules are also fixedly installed on the annular bracket.

[0009] Preferably, the illumination angle of the light source module is adjustable and it is composed of near-infrared LED arrays of different wavelengths. The position of the spectral acquisition probe is set to correspond to the position of the sample box on the detection fixture below.

[0010] Preferably, the sorting unit includes a lifting shaft, a guide column, and a lifting mounting platform and a rotating mounting platform arranged in sequence. The lifting shaft and the guide column are parallel to each other and perpendicular to each other, and are arranged on the lifting mounting platform and the rotating mounting platform. Guide sleeves are fixedly provided on both the lifting mounting platform and the rotating mounting platform. The guide column is movably arranged in the guide sleeve. The lifting shaft and the guide column are connected by a connector.

[0011] Preferably, the lifting shaft is a lead screw spline shaft, a first mounting component is fixedly mounted on the lifting mounting platform, and a second mounting component is fixedly mounted on the rotating mounting platform; the first mounting component is rotatably connected to a ball screw nut via a bearing, and the second mounting component is rotatably connected to a ball spline nut via a bearing; the lifting shaft is disposed within the ball screw nut and the ball spline nut; a mounting plate is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the lifting shaft, and a sorting fixture is fixedly connected to the mounting plate; the lifting shaft is used to control the height and angle position of the sorting fixture, and a sorting conveyor belt is also disposed below the sorting fixture.

[0012] Preferably, a first motor is provided on the lifting mounting platform, and a first synchronous pulley is fixedly provided on the ball screw nut. The first synchronous pulley and the output shaft of the first motor are connected by a first transmission belt. A second motor is provided on the rotating mounting platform, and a second synchronous pulley is fixedly provided on the ball spline nut. The second synchronous pulley and the output shaft of the second motor are connected by a second transmission belt.

[0013] Preferably, the control unit controls the dynamic detection platform to rotate intermittently, and triggers the near-infrared spectral scanning unit to perform synchronous spectral acquisition at each pause. When the dynamic detection platform rotates to the discharge position, it completes an all-round scan of the sample. The control unit controls the sorting unit to perform sorting actions based on the detection results of the near-infrared spectral scanning unit.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, a method for non-destructive testing of the freshness of aquatic products includes the following steps: Sample transport involves placing the aquatic product sample to be tested into a sample box and transporting it to the dynamic testing platform inside the testing chamber via a feeding conveyor belt. Dynamic detection: After the sample box is clamped and fixed by the detection fixture, it will rotate under the drive of the dynamic detection platform. During the sample movement, the spectral signal of the sample is acquired at multiple points and angles through the ring-shaped near-infrared spectral scanning unit. After the acquisition is completed, the sample box is sent out by the feeding conveyor belt. The detection and judgment process involves fusing the collected omnidirectional spectral data to form a characteristic spectrum representing the overall state of the sample, and then inputting it into a pre-built freshness prediction model to obtain the freshness detection results of aquatic products. The sorting and selection process involves controlling the sorting unit to perform sorting actions based on the freshness test results of the aquatic products. Qualified aquatic products are transported to the qualified area via the feeding conveyor belt, while unqualified products are selected by the sorting unit and transported to the unqualified area via the sorting conveyor belt.

[0015] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The non-destructive testing device for freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy described in this invention achieves all-round spectral scanning of aquatic products under rotation and multiple angles through the collaborative design of a dynamic detection platform and a ring-shaped near-infrared spectral scanning unit. This effectively solves the measurement error caused by individual differences and morphological distribution differences of aquatic products, and significantly improves the accuracy and effectiveness of freshness testing results. 2. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy described in this invention does not require violent clamping or destructive sampling of aquatic products during the entire testing process, thus achieving non-destructive testing of aquatic products. This makes the test results closer to the freshness of aquatic products under real-world conditions, thereby making the test results more reliable. 3. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy described in this invention combines a dynamic testing platform with a multi-angle adjustable scanning unit, which solves the problem of high randomness and low accuracy of test results caused by the traditional method of collecting data from a single point or small area in the testing process of aquatic products. 4. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy described in this invention integrates a dynamic testing platform, a near-infrared spectroscopy scanning unit, and an automated sorting unit into one unit. This enables the aquatic products to complete a fully automated process from sample input, automatic testing, data analysis, and result sorting, realizing online real-time testing and sorting in production lines or logistics, and greatly improving testing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the detection device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic detection platform structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the detection chamber of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sorting unit structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the detailed structure of the lifting shaft of the present invention.

[0017] The diagram shows the following markings: 1. Detection chamber; 11. Feeding conveyor belt; 12. Feeding conveyor belt; 2. Sorting unit; 21. Lifting shaft; 211. Mounting plate; 212. Sorting fixture; 22. Guide column; 221. Guide sleeve; 222. Connector; 23. Lifting mounting platform; 231. First mounting component; 232. Ball screw nut; 233. First motor; 234. First synchronous pulley; 235. First transmission belt; 24. Rotary mounting platform; 241. Second mounting component; 242. Ball spline nut; 243. Second motor; 244. Second synchronous pulley; 245. Second transmission belt; 25. Sorting conveyor belt; 3. Dynamic detection platform; 31. Turntable; 32. Detection fixture; 33. Sample box; 4. Near-infrared spectral scanning unit; 41. Ring bracket; 42. Light source module; 43. Spectral acquisition probe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to these embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Example

[0021] according to Figures 1-5As shown, a non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy includes a testing chamber 1 and a sorting unit 2. The testing chamber 1 is equipped with a dynamic testing platform 3 and a near-infrared spectroscopy scanning unit 4. The dynamic testing platform 3 is used to carry aquatic products and make them rotate. The near-infrared spectroscopy scanning unit 4 is located above the dynamic testing platform 3 and is used to perform omnidirectional testing on the rotating aquatic product samples. The sorting unit 2 is located at the exit of the testing chamber 1 and is used to perform sorting actions on the test results. The testing device is also equipped with a control unit for processing spectral data and controlling the coordinated operation of the dynamic testing platform 3, the near-infrared spectroscopy scanning unit 4, and the sorting unit 2.

[0022] according to Figure 2 As shown, in this example, the dynamic detection platform 3 includes a rotatable turntable 31, on which at least one pair of detection fixtures 32 for clamping and fixing sample boxes 33 are fixedly installed. The detection fixtures 32 are evenly distributed around the turntable 31. The detection chamber 1 is also provided with a feeding conveyor belt 11 and a feeding conveyor belt 12 for inputting and outputting sample boxes 33 into and out of the detection chamber 1. The positions of the feeding conveyor belt 11 and the feeding conveyor belt 12 correspond to the positions of the detection fixtures 32.

[0023] The turntable 31 of the dynamic detection platform 3 is driven by a servo motor or a stepper motor and rotates intermittently. Six detection fixtures 32 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the turntable 31, with an angle of 60° between each fixture. The turntable 31 pauses every 60° driven by the motor. The angle between the feeding conveyor belt 11 and the feeding conveyor belt 12 is also 60°. After the first detection fixture 32 on the turntable 31 clamps and fixes the sample box 33 conveyed by the feeding conveyor belt 11, it begins to rotate, rotating 60° each time. The turntable 31 rotates once... The feeding conveyor belt 11 and the feeding conveyor belt 12 will advance one stroke. At this time, the second detection fixture 32 will clamp and fix the sample box 33 conveyed by the feeding conveyor belt 11 again. This process is repeated. When the first detection fixture 32 rotates 300° and reaches the position of the feeding conveyor belt 12, the detection fixture 32 will release and place the sample box 33 on the feeding conveyor belt 12. The sample box 33 will be sent out of the detection chamber 1 by the conveyor belt. After rotating once more to complete 360°, the device will reset and be ready to receive the next sample. This reciprocating operation realizes the automated process of sample entering and leaving the detection chamber 1.

[0024] according to Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, an annular support 41 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the detection chamber 1. Multiple light source modules 42 are evenly distributed around the annular support 41. Multiple spectral acquisition probes 43 are also fixedly installed on the annular support 41 and are arranged alternately with the light source modules 42. The illumination angle of the light source module 42 is adjustable and is composed of near-infrared LED arrays of different wavelengths. The position of the spectral acquisition probe 43 corresponds to the position of the sample box 33 on the detection fixture 32 below.

[0025] The near-infrared spectral scanning unit 4 consists of multiple independent light source modules 42 evenly distributed around the circumference of the main body of the annular support 41. Each light source module 42 has a near-infrared LED array of different wavelengths. The illumination angle of each light source module 42 can be independently fine-tuned to ensure that near-infrared light can be projected onto the sample surface from different directions, realizing multi-point acquisition of the sample and improving the representativeness and effectiveness of the detection results. The spectrometer is placed outside the detection chamber 1, avoiding the need to place precision instruments inside the humid detection chamber 1, thus improving the reliability of the equipment. The multiple spectral acquisition probes 43 inside the detection chamber 1 are connected to the external main transmission fiber via an optical fiber bundle. The spectrometer is electrically connected; inside the detection chamber 1, after the turntable 31 of the dynamic detection platform 3 rotates by a preset angle, a detection cycle is automatically triggered. During the detection cycle, all light source modules 42 of the near-infrared spectral scanning unit 4 are lit simultaneously, and all spectral acquisition probes 43 synchronously acquire spectral data. After all detection cycles are completed, the system will calculate the freshness data of the sample in real time. At this time, the sample rotates with the turntable 31 to the position of the feeding conveyor belt 12, the detection clamp 32 is released, and the sample is transported by the feeding conveyor belt 12 to the position of the sorting unit 2. Then, the sorting unit 2 performs the corresponding sorting action based on the freshness data judgment result.

[0026] according to Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, the sorting unit 2 includes a lifting shaft 21, a guide column 22, and a lifting mounting platform 23 and a rotating mounting platform 24 arranged sequentially. The lifting shaft 21 and the guide column 22 are parallel to each other and perpendicularly pass through the lifting mounting platform 23 and the rotating mounting platform 24. Guide sleeves 221 are fixedly installed on both the lifting mounting platform 23 and the rotating mounting platform 24. The guide column 22 is movably installed in the guide sleeve 221. The lifting shaft 21 and the guide column 22 are connected by a connector 222. The lifting shaft 21 is a lead screw spline shaft. A first mounting component 231 is fixedly installed on the lifting mounting platform 23, and a second mounting component 241 is fixedly installed on the rotating mounting platform 24. The first mounting component 231 is rotatably connected to a ball screw nut 232 through a bearing, and the second mounting component 241 is rotatably connected to a ball spline nut through a bearing. 242, The lifting shaft 21 is disposed within the ball screw nut 232 and the ball spline nut 242; a mounting plate 211 is fixedly disposed at the bottom end of the lifting shaft 21, and a sorting fixture 212 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 211. The lifting shaft 21 is used to control the height and angle position of the sorting fixture 212. A sorting conveyor belt 25 is also disposed below the sorting fixture 212; a first motor 233 is disposed on the lifting mounting platform 23, and a first synchronous pulley 234 is fixedly disposed on the ball screw nut 232. The output shaft of the first synchronous pulley 234 and the first motor 233 are connected through a first transmission belt 235; a second motor 243 is disposed on the rotating mounting platform 24, and a second synchronous pulley 244 is fixedly disposed on the ball spline nut 242. The output shaft of the second synchronous pulley 244 and the second motor 243 are connected through a second transmission belt 245.

[0027] The lifting shaft 21 is a lead screw spline shaft with a lead screw helical groove and four rows of spline linear grooves on its shaft body. Together with the ball screw nut 232 and the ball spline nut 242, it enables linear lifting and rotational motion of the lifting shaft 21. Two independent first motors 233 and second motors 243 control the ball screw nut 232 and the ball spline nut 242 respectively, allowing the lifting shaft 21 to independently control its lifting or linear motion. The lifting shaft 21 is fixed to the connecting piece 222 via a coupling and connected to the guide column 22 via the connecting piece 222. The guide column 22 further positions the moving path of the lifting shaft 21, preventing wobbling during movement and improving the stability of the transmission process. A sorting clamp 212 is installed below the lifting shaft 21 to hold samples conveyed by the feeding conveyor belt 12. Samples deemed qualified by the system are then sent to… The material conveyor belt 12 transports the sample to the qualified area. The sorting unit 2 does not interfere with the qualified samples. When the system determines that a sample is unqualified, the sorting unit 2 will perform a sorting action. The unqualified sample on the material conveyor belt 12 is clamped and fixed by the sorting clamp 212. Then, the second motor 243 controls the lifting shaft 21 to drive the sorting clamp 212 to rotate. At the same time, the first motor 233 will make a fine adjustment of the height according to the actual installation site of the device. When the angle is rotated to the correct position, the first motor 233 will control the lifting shaft 21 to descend, so that the sorting clamp 212 transports the clamped sample to the sorting conveyor belt 25 below. Then the sorting clamp 212 is released, and the unqualified sample will be transported to the unqualified area through the sorting conveyor belt 25, completing the sorting and selection of unqualified products. After the sorting action is completed, the sorting unit 2 device is reset and ready to receive the next unqualified sample. This process is repeated to realize real-time sorting of the detection process.

[0028] In this embodiment, the control unit controls the dynamic detection platform 3 to rotate intermittently, and triggers the near-infrared spectral scanning unit 4 to perform synchronous spectral acquisition at each pause. When the dynamic detection platform 3 rotates to the discharge position, it completes an all-round scan of the sample. The control unit controls the sorting unit 2 to perform sorting actions based on the detection results of the near-infrared spectral scanning unit 4.

[0029] In this embodiment, a method for non-destructive testing of the freshness of aquatic products includes the following steps: Sample transport involves placing the aquatic product sample to be tested into the sample box 33 and transporting it to the dynamic testing platform 3 inside the testing chamber 1 via the feed conveyor belt 11. Dynamic detection: After the detection fixture 32 clamps and fixes the sample box 33, it will rotate under the drive of the dynamic detection platform 3. During the sample movement, the annular near-infrared spectral scanning unit 4 collects spectral signals from multiple points and angles of the sample. After the collection is completed, the sample box 33 is sent out by the feeding conveyor belt 12. The detection and judgment process involves fusing the collected omnidirectional spectral data to form a characteristic spectrum representing the overall state of the sample, and then inputting it into a pre-built freshness prediction model to obtain the freshness detection results of aquatic products. The sorting and selection process involves controlling the sorting unit 2 to perform sorting actions based on the freshness test results of the aquatic products. Qualified aquatic products are transported to the qualified area via the feeding conveyor belt 12, while unqualified products are selected by the sorting unit 2 and transported to the unqualified area via the sorting conveyor belt 25.

Claims

1. A non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy, characterized in that, The device includes a detection chamber (1) and a sorting unit (2). The detection chamber (1) is equipped with a dynamic detection platform (3) and a near-infrared spectral scanning unit (4). The dynamic detection platform (3) is used to carry aquatic products and make them rotate. The near-infrared spectral scanning unit (4) is located above the dynamic detection platform (3) and is used to perform all-round detection on the aquatic product samples in rotation. The sorting unit (2) is located at the exit of the detection chamber (1) and is used to perform sorting actions on the detection results. The detection device is also equipped with a control unit, which is used to process spectral data and control the dynamic detection platform (3), the near-infrared spectral scanning unit (4) and the sorting unit (2) to work together.

2. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic detection platform (3) includes a rotatable turntable (31), on which at least one pair of detection fixtures (32) for clamping and fixing sample boxes (33) are fixedly arranged, and the detection fixtures (32) are evenly distributed on the turntable (31) in the circumferential direction.

3. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy according to claim 2, characterized in that, The detection chamber (1) is also provided with a feeding conveyor belt (11) and a feeding conveyor belt (12) for inputting and outputting the sample box (33) into and out of the detection chamber (1); the positions of the feeding conveyor belt (11) and the feeding conveyor belt (12) correspond to the positions of the detection fixture (32).

4. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy according to claim 3, characterized in that, An annular bracket (41) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the detection chamber (1). Multiple light source modules (42) are evenly distributed in the circumference on the annular bracket (41). Multiple spectral acquisition probes (43) are also fixedly installed on the annular bracket (41) and are arranged in an alternating manner with the light source modules (42).

5. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy according to claim 4, characterized in that, The illumination angle of the light source module (42) is adjustable and is composed of near-infrared LED arrays of different wavelengths. The position of the spectral acquisition probe (43) corresponds to the position of the sample box (33) on the detection fixture (32) below.

6. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sorting unit (2) includes a lifting shaft (21), a guide column (22), and a lifting mounting platform (23) and a rotating mounting platform (24) arranged in sequence. The lifting shaft (21) and the guide column (22) are parallel to each other and perpendicularly pass through the lifting mounting platform (23) and the rotating mounting platform (24). Guide sleeves (221) are fixedly provided on both the lifting mounting platform (23) and the rotating mounting platform (24). The guide column (22) is movably arranged in the guide sleeve (221). The lifting shaft (21) and the guide column (22) are connected by a connector (222).

7. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lifting shaft (21) is a lead screw spline shaft. A first mounting component (231) is fixedly installed on the lifting mounting platform (23), and a second mounting component (241) is fixedly installed on the rotating mounting platform (24). The first mounting component (231) is rotatably connected to a ball screw nut (232) through a bearing, and the second mounting component (241) is rotatably connected to a ball spline nut (242) through a bearing. The lifting shaft (21) is located inside the ball screw nut (232) and the ball spline nut (242). A mounting plate (211) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the lifting shaft (21), and a sorting fixture (212) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (211). The lifting shaft (21) is used to control the height and angle position of the sorting fixture (212). A sorting conveyor belt (25) is also provided below the sorting fixture (212).

8. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lifting mounting platform (23) is equipped with a first motor (233), and a first synchronous pulley (234) is fixedly mounted on the ball screw nut (232). The output shaft of the first synchronous pulley (234) and the first motor (233) are connected by a first transmission belt (235). The rotating mounting platform (24) is equipped with a second motor (243), and a second synchronous pulley (244) is fixedly mounted on the ball spline nut (242). The output shaft of the second synchronous pulley (244) and the second motor (243) are connected by a second transmission belt (245).

9. The non-destructive testing device for the freshness of aquatic products based on near-infrared spectroscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit controls the dynamic detection platform (3) to rotate intermittently, and triggers the near-infrared spectral scanning unit (4) to perform synchronous spectral acquisition each time it stops. When the dynamic detection platform (3) rotates to the discharge position, it completes an all-round scan of the sample. The control unit controls the sorting unit (2) to perform sorting actions according to the detection results of the near-infrared spectral scanning unit (4).

10. A method for non-destructive testing of the freshness of aquatic products according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Sample transport: Place the aquatic product sample to be tested in the sample box (33) and transport it to the dynamic testing platform (3) in the testing chamber (1) via the feed conveyor belt (11); S2. Dynamic detection: After the detection fixture (32) clamps and fixes the sample box (33), it will rotate under the drive of the dynamic detection platform (3). During the sample movement, the spectral signal of the sample is collected from multiple points and angles through the ring-shaped near-infrared spectral scanning unit (4). After the collection is completed, the sample box (33) is sent out through the feeding conveyor belt (12). S3. Detection and judgment: The collected omnidirectional spectral data are fused to form a characteristic spectrum representing the overall state of the sample, and then input into the pre-built freshness prediction model to obtain the freshness detection results of aquatic products. S4. Sorting and selection: Based on the freshness test results of the aquatic products, control the sorting unit (2) to perform sorting actions. Qualified aquatic products are transported to the qualified area via the feeding conveyor belt (12). If the test results are unqualified, the sorting unit (2) will be activated to select the corresponding products and transport them to the unqualified area via the sorting conveyor belt (25).

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