Intelligent monitoring and installation deployment method for 10kV side of power distribution unit area

Abstract

The invention discloses a 10kV-side intelligent monitoring and installation deployment method for a power distribution area, and relates to the technical field of digital power distribution areas, and the method comprises the steps: collecting a 10kV-side live indication signal, a current signal and a fuse composite state signal through an intelligent jet fuse based on a cloud-tube-edge-end architecture of the power distribution Internet of Things; collected data is transmitted to a zone area edge computing gateway through an NB-IoT wireless communication module and a self-defined high compression ratio protocol, and then is uploaded to a power distribution monitoring master station through a 4G module and a balanced 101 protocol. At the same time, the capacitor power-taking device converts 10kV voltage into DC27V, and stable power supply is realized by cooperating with the power supply management module and the 2Ah lithium battery. The method does not need to depend on a low-voltage power supply, compared with a traditional scheme, the cost is reduced by one third, the data transmission delay is smaller than or equal to 5 s, the fuse state judgment accuracy is larger than or equal to 99.5%, 10kV side comprehensive sensing can be achieved, the operation and maintenance efficiency and the power supply reliability of the transformer area are improved, and the method is suitable for various 10kV side monitoring scenes of low-voltage distribution transformer areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of digital distribution transformer area technology, specifically a method for intelligent monitoring and installation deployment on the 10kV side of a distribution transformer area, used for real-time monitoring of energized indication signals, current signals, and fuse status on the 10kV side of the distribution transformer area. Background Technology

[0002] Distribution network areas are located at the end of the power grid, with numerous points and a wide distribution area. They develop and change rapidly, and their equipment is used in a wide range of scenarios. The communication technologies involved are diverse, and the standardization and intelligence levels of facilities and equipment are not high. The data models and interface protocols of terminal equipment are not unified, and there are barriers to cross-professional collaborative data sharing. The contradiction between efficiently, quickly, and accurately responding to customer needs and dealing with complex and ever-changing fault conditions on site is becoming increasingly prominent, resulting in problems such as difficulty in real-time control of distribution network operation, high difficulty in operation and maintenance management, and low efficiency in business operation.

[0003] Currently, most data monitoring in existing smart distribution areas is concentrated on the low-voltage side of the distribution area. Data monitoring of the 10kV side of the distribution area can only be achieved by adding a 10kV sectionalizing switch. This solution, which applies medium-voltage power distribution equipment to low-voltage distribution areas, is often not widely adopted in digital distribution areas due to its high cost, resulting in the monitoring points on the 10kV side of the smart distribution area becoming blind spots in monitoring.

[0004] In the prior art, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN121055565A, this invention relates to a method for detecting and analyzing operating data of low-voltage distribution equipment. Specifically, the method involves: first, collecting operating parameters and usage parameters of the distribution equipment using a detection component and a remote monitoring component; then, sequentially transmitting, cleaning, and preprocessing the collected data; next, integrating the preprocessed data according to a set time interval to form a data packet; then, marking the data packet with time periods and drawing an operating curve based on the data within the data packet; finally, following the same method, drawing a lower operating limit comparison curve and an upper operating limit comparison curve based on the factory settings of the distribution equipment; after completing the above operations, comparing the above curves to identify abnormal data and issuing an investigation command through an alert module; this invention has the advantages of accuracy, efficiency, safety, and convenience. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by disclosing an intelligent monitoring and installation method for the 10kV side of a distribution substation, which solves the problems of high cost, blind spots on the 10kV side, and lack of low-voltage power supply on site in traditional monitoring schemes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for intelligent monitoring and installation deployment on the 10kV side of a distribution transformer area, comprising:

[0007] S1: Intelligent jet-type fuses are used to collect 10kV side live indication signals, current signals, and fuse composite status signals;

[0008] S2: The intelligent jet-type fuse transmits the real-time current value, energized indication signal and composite status signal of the 10kV side to the distribution area edge computing gateway through the wireless communication module based on a custom high compression ratio protocol.

[0009] S3: The distribution area edge computing gateway uploads the 10kV side monitoring data to the distribution monitoring master station through the 4G communication module using the balanced 101 protocol;

[0010] S4: The capacitor power supply device uses the principle of capacitor voltage division to convert 10kV AC voltage into DC27V DC voltage and then input it to the power management module.

[0011] S5: The power management module manages the backup power supply and the DC27V capacitor power supply in a coordinated manner through hardware control circuits, and outputs a stable DC power supply to the edge computing gateway of the distribution area.

[0012] Furthermore,

[0013] In step S1, the intelligent jet fuse includes a jet fuse body, an intelligent base located at the bottom, a 10kV upper lead, a 10kV lower lead, a measuring CT, and a mounting bracket.

[0014] The intelligent base integrates a main CPU chip, a vibration measurement chip for detecting equipment vibration parameters, and an infrared transmitter and receiver pair for detecting the position and state of objects.

[0015] Furthermore,

[0016] In step S1,

[0017] The logic for determining the combined state signal of the fuse is as follows: within a preset time period, the fuse is determined to be in the open state when at least two of the following events are met:

[0018] a) The infrared receiver did not receive the infrared signal emitted by the infrared transmitting component;

[0019] b) The number of vibrations collected by the vibration measurement unit exceeds the preset vibration threshold;

[0020] c) The current signal abruptly changes from the operating threshold to the preset no-current threshold;

[0021] The state of the fuse wire and the monitoring parameters satisfy the following correspondence:

[0022] When the fuse is operating normally, the current signal is within the rated range, the fuse body is in an unpredictable state, and the infrared signal transmission is normal.

[0023] During the fuse operation, the current signal drops sharply, the fuse body vibrates, and the infrared signal is blocked.

[0024] After the fuse is activated, the current signal is zero, the body is stable, and the infrared signal is blocked.

[0025] Furthermore,

[0026] In step S2, the interactive data frame format of the custom high compression ratio protocol includes a frame header, a data length field, a control command field, a timestamp field, a checksum field, and a valid data field, and has the functions of data reading, parameter reading, parameter configuration, control command issuance, and event reporting.

[0027] Furthermore,

[0028] In step S2, the wireless communication module is an NB-IoT wireless communication module;

[0029] The intelligent jet-type fuse and the edge computing gateway of the distribution area achieve bidirectional data interaction through the NB-IoT wireless communication link.

[0030] Furthermore,

[0031] In step S4, the capacitor power extraction device includes a ceramic capacitor and a high-voltage transformer, which are encapsulated by epoxy resin vacuum casting.

[0032] The capacitor power extraction device achieves high-voltage power extraction through a multi-capacitor series structure. After being processed by a transformer voltage divider and rectifier circuit, it outputs a DC27V voltage with a capacity of 10VA.

[0033] Furthermore,

[0034] In step S5, the backup power source is a 2Ah lithium battery;

[0035] The control logic of the power management module is specifically as follows: to perform charging management on the 2Ah lithium battery.

[0036] When the output power exceeds 10VA, the power supply is switched to the 2Ah lithium battery.

[0037] When the 10kV side experiences a power outage, the lithium battery power supply circuit is automatically switched on; the power management module outputs DC24V-27V DC power.

[0038] Furthermore,

[0039] The main CPU chip of the smart base receives current sampling data from the sampling chip, vibration detection data from the vibration measurement chip, and infrared signal data from the infrared transmitter and receiver pair in real time, and performs synchronous fusion processing on the three types of data to determine the composite status signal of the fuse.

[0040] Furthermore,

[0041] The checksum field of the custom high compression ratio protocol is calculated using the CRC16 cyclic redundancy check algorithm to verify the integrity of data transmission and prevent data loss or tampering.

[0042] A method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation, including installation and deployment steps, is described below:

[0043] S10.1: Fix the capacitor power collection device to the crossarm of the transformer substation, connect its high voltage lead inlet to the 10kVA phase line, and reliably connect its outlet to the transformer substation grounding busbar.

[0044] S10.2: Install the three intelligent jet-type fuses according to the phase sequence markings on the transformer incoming line crossarm;

[0045] S10.3: Fix the communication chassis to a utility pole 3 meters above the ground using clamps, and connect the output line of the capacitor power supply device to the power input terminal of the communication chassis;

[0046] S10.4: Configure the communication addresses of the three intelligent jet-type fuses in the edge computing gateway of the transformer area;

[0047] S10.5: Configure the parameters of the 4G communication module and the 101 protocol parameters in the distribution edge computing gateway to complete the construction of the upload link for monitoring data to the distribution master station.

[0048] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0049] This invention reduces costs by more than one-third by optimizing equipment selection and architecture design. Compared with traditional monitoring solutions that rely on 10kV boundary switches, it effectively solves the problem that traditional solutions are difficult to promote due to high costs.

[0050] Based on the design of intelligent jet-type fuse and multi-dimensional signal fusion judgment, it fills the monitoring blind spot of 10kV side, breaks through the limitations of traditional single signal monitoring, and achieves a fuse status judgment accuracy of ≥99.5% through cross-verification of infrared, vibration and current signals. It realizes comprehensive perception of 10kV side energized status, current data and fuse status, and improves the monitoring coverage of digital distribution area.

[0051] The capacitor power supply device, composed of ceramic capacitors and high-voltage transformers, is encapsulated by epoxy resin vacuum casting. It is small in size, easy to install, and does not rely on on-site low-voltage power supply. It can stably output DC27V / 10VA voltage. With the collaborative power supply mechanism of power management module and 2Ah lithium battery, it innovatively solves the problem of on-site power supply, realizes charging under normal working conditions, overload switching and emergency power supply during power outages, and ensures continuous operation of equipment.

[0052] A custom high-compression protocol combined with CRC16 checksum and NB-IoT / 4G dual-mode communication ensures data transmission latency of ≤5s and no packet loss or tampering. Monitoring data is uploaded to the distribution monitoring master station in real time, helping maintenance personnel to remotely control the operating status of the transformer area, provide timely warnings of faults, reduce on-site maintenance workload, and significantly improve maintenance efficiency and power supply reliability. It is suitable for 10kV side monitoring scenarios of various low-voltage distribution transformer areas and conforms to the development architecture of the distribution IoT "cloud-pipe-edge-device". Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the data monitoring method steps of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an intelligent jet-type fuse;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the installation and deployment steps for this invention;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a logic block diagram of data monitoring and transmission in this invention;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the power supply management logic of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0059] 1-Fuse body, 2-Mounting bracket, 3-Measuring CT, 4-10kV upper lead, 5-10kV lower lead; 6-Intelligent base. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0062] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, it illustrates the data monitoring method steps of the present invention, including the following steps:

[0065] S1: Intelligent jet-type fuses are used to collect 10kV side live indication signals, current signals, and fuse composite status signals;

[0066] S2: The intelligent jet-type fuse transmits the real-time current value, energized indication signal and composite status signal of the 10kV side to the distribution area edge computing gateway through the wireless communication module based on a custom high compression ratio protocol.

[0067] S3: The distribution area edge computing gateway uploads the 10kV side monitoring data to the distribution monitoring master station through the 4G communication module using the balanced 101 protocol;

[0068] S4: The capacitor power supply device uses the principle of capacitor voltage division to convert 10kV AC voltage into DC27V DC voltage and then input it to the power management module.

[0069] S5: The power management module manages the backup power supply and the DC27V capacitor power supply in a coordinated manner through hardware control circuits, and outputs a stable DC power supply to the edge computing gateway of the distribution area.

[0070] In step S1, the intelligent jet fuse includes a jet fuse body 1, an intelligent base 6 located at the bottom, a 10kV upper lead 4, a 10kV lower lead 5, a measuring CT 3, and a mounting bracket 2.

[0071] The intelligent base 6 integrates a main CPU chip, a sampling chip for acquiring external CT measurement signals, a vibration measurement chip for detecting equipment vibration parameters, and an infrared transmitter and receiver pair for detecting the position and state of objects.

[0072] like Figure 2As shown, the main body of the intelligent ejector fuse is the ejector fuse body 1, whose bottom is fastened to the intelligent base 6 by bolts. The 10kV upper lead 4 and the 10kV lower lead 5 are respectively connected to the upper and lower terminals of the fuse body 1. The measuring CT3 is mounted on the lower lead for non-contact current sampling.

[0073] The entire device is fixed to the crossarm of the transformer substation via mounting bracket 2. The intelligent base 6 serves as the core processing unit, integrating a main CPU chip, a sampling chip, a vibration measurement chip, and a pair of transmitting and receiving infrared sensors to jointly achieve multi-dimensional signal acquisition and preliminary processing of current, mechanical vibration, and fuse position status.

[0074] Specifically, in step S1,

[0075] The logic for determining the combined state signal of the fuse is as follows: within a preset time period, the fuse is determined to be in the open state when at least two of the following events are met:

[0076] a) The infrared receiver did not receive the infrared signal emitted by the infrared transmitting component;

[0077] b) The number of vibrations collected by the vibration measurement unit exceeds the preset vibration threshold;

[0078] c) The current signal abruptly changes from the operating threshold to the preset no-current threshold;

[0079] The state of the fuse wire and the monitoring parameters satisfy the following correspondence:

[0080] When the fuse is operating normally, the current signal is within the rated range, the fuse body is in an unpredictable state, and the infrared signal transmission is normal.

[0081] During the fuse operation, the current signal drops sharply, the fuse body vibrates, and the infrared signal is blocked.

[0082] After the fuse is activated, the current signal is zero, the body is stable, and the infrared signal is blocked.

[0083] Specifically, in step S2, the interactive data frame format of the custom high compression ratio protocol includes a frame header, a data length field, a control command field, a timestamp field, a checksum field, and a valid data field, and has the functions of data reading, parameter reading, parameter configuration, control command issuance, and event reporting; the maximum length of the valid data field is 32 bytes, which is an optional implementation method and can be adjusted according to actual monitoring needs.

[0084] Specifically, in step S2, the wireless communication module is an NB-IoT wireless communication module;

[0085] The intelligent jet-type fuse and the distribution area edge computing gateway achieve bidirectional data interaction through the NB-IoT wireless communication link. The newly added satellite communication module and 4G module of the distribution area edge computing gateway are redundant communication components and do not change the wireless communication module type of the fuse.

[0086] Specifically, in step S4, the capacitor power extraction device includes a ceramic capacitor and a high-voltage transformer, which are encapsulated by epoxy resin vacuum casting.

[0087] The capacitor power extraction device achieves high-voltage power extraction through a multi-capacitor series structure. After being processed by a transformer voltage divider and rectifier circuit, it outputs a DC27V voltage with a capacity of 10VA.

[0088] Specifically, in step S5, as Figure 5 As shown, the backup power source is a 2Ah lithium battery;

[0089] The control logic of the power management module is specifically as follows: to perform charging management on the 2Ah lithium battery.

[0090] When the output power exceeds 10VA, the power supply is switched to the 2Ah lithium battery.

[0091] When the 10kV side experiences a power outage, the lithium battery power supply circuit is automatically switched on; the power management module outputs DC24V-27V DC power.

[0092] Specifically, the main CPU chip of the smart base receives current sampling data from the sampling chip, vibration detection data from the vibration measurement chip, and infrared signal data from the infrared transmitter and receiver pair in real time, and performs synchronous fusion processing on the three types of data to determine the composite state signal of the fuse.

[0093] Specifically, the checksum field of the custom high compression ratio protocol is calculated using the CRC16 cyclic redundancy check algorithm to verify the integrity of data transmission and prevent data loss or tampering.

[0094] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown in the diagram, the data monitoring and transmission logic block diagram of this invention clearly illustrates the complete information flow from data collection to upload from the main station.

[0095] The core process is as follows: The intelligent jet-type fuse acts as an end-side sensing unit, collecting raw signals through multiple built-in sensors, namely current transformers, vibration sensors, and infrared photocells. The collected multi-dimensional data is synchronously fused and status determined in the main CPU chip, forming standardized monitoring data including current value, energized state, and fuse fusion status. Subsequently, the data is encapsulated in a custom high-compression protocol format via the NB-IoT wireless link and sent to the distribution edge computing gateway. The gateway, as an edge-side processing node, is responsible for preprocessing the data, including receiving, verifying, filtering, and format conversion, and encapsulating the final result into a standard power protocol, which is then uploaded to the cloud-based power distribution monitoring master station via a 4G communication network, thereby achieving remote, real-time, and reliable transmission of monitoring data.

[0096] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown in the diagram, the power management logic block diagram of the present invention describes in detail the power supply cooperative working strategy of the system under different operating conditions.

[0097] The entire power supply system uses a capacitor-based power supply and a 2Ah lithium battery pack as its dual power source core. During normal operation, the capacitor-based power supply draws power from the 10kV line, outputting a stable DC 27V / 10VA voltage. This power source serves as the main power supply, powering the edge computing gateway and communication module of the distribution area, and also providing float charging for the lithium battery through the charging circuit built into the power management module. The hardware control circuit of the power management module monitors system power consumption and grid status in real time. When the power consumption of the monitored equipment increases instantaneously, causing the output power to exceed 10VA, the system will automatically and seamlessly switch to lithium battery power (switching time ≤ 10ms) to ensure that the equipment does not crash. When the 10kV side line loses power, the system will also immediately switch to the lithium battery power supply circuit, with the lithium battery providing independent power, ensuring that the monitoring and communication system can continue to operate for at least 8 hours without grid power. This design achieves the stable power supply goal of "primary power supply, backup battery, automatic switching, and continuous power supply".

[0098] Example 2

[0099] This embodiment, targeting a conventional 10kV distribution substation without special environmental interference, fully presents the entire process of the technical solution: "equipment selection → installation and deployment → parameter configuration → operational verification," ensuring that the technical solution can be independently reproduced. Figure 3 As shown, it illustrates the specific steps of installation and deployment. The following details the entire process.

[0100] The core equipment selection and preprocessing in this embodiment are as follows: The selected intelligent jet fuse needs to integrate the jet body and the intelligent base. The intelligent base has a built-in main CPU chip, preferably the STM32L476RG model, which has low power consumption and high-efficiency data processing capabilities. The sampling chip is ADS1256 to ensure current sampling accuracy. The vibration measurement chip is ADXL345, which can accurately capture the equipment vibration parameters and infrared transmitter-receiver pair.

[0101] Before leaving the factory, calibration must be completed, and the current sampling accuracy is set to ±1%, the vibration measurement chip sampling frequency is 100Hz, and the infrared transmitter and receiver transmission power is 5mW and the receiving sensitivity is ≤-70dBm.

[0102] The capacitor-powered device uses three 10nF / 12kV ceramic capacitors connected in series, with a total capacitance of 3.3nF and a total withstand voltage of ≥15kV. It is paired with a high-voltage transformer with a turns ratio of 10kV:220V and is encapsulated by epoxy resin vacuum casting. After rectification by a KBPC3510 rectifier bridge, it outputs a stable DC27V / 10VA voltage. The load test needs to verify that the output power fluctuation does not exceed ±5%.

[0103] The edge computing gateway for the distribution area needs to integrate an NB-IoT communication module and a 4G communication module. The telecom IoT APN for the NB-IoT module and the corresponding power distribution master station IP address (e.g., 10.XX.XX.XX) and port number for the 4G module must be pre-configured to ensure compliance of basic communication link parameters. The power management module must include a charging management chip, a power switching switch, and overvoltage and overcurrent protection units. It should be compatible with a 2Ah lithium polymer battery pack with a nominal voltage of 3.7V, consisting of eight cells connected in series to form a DC 29.6V power supply. During the pre-processing stage, the battery charge-discharge cycle stability must be tested to ensure it meets emergency power supply requirements.

[0104] On-site installation and deployment strictly follow the construction specifications for power distribution substations: First, perform step S10.1: Install the capacitor power take-off device and fix it to the crossarm of the substation with bolts, 0.5m away from the transformer inlet terminal to avoid electromagnetic interference. The high-voltage lead inlet is reliably connected to the 10kVA phase line through a clamp, and the outlet is connected to the substation grounding busbar through a shielded cable. The grounding resistance must be controlled within ≤4Ω to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

[0105] Then proceed to step S10.2: Install three intelligent jet-type fuses, and fix them to the transformer incoming line crossarm according to the A, B, and C phase sequence markings, with a phase spacing of ≥0.3m. Ensure that the fuse body is vertically downward, the torque of the 10kV upper lead connected to the line is controlled at 30N・m, and the lower lead is firmly connected to the transformer incoming line terminal without loosening. The measuring CT must be installed close to the 10kV lower lead, and the sampling accuracy is calibrated to ±0.5 level to ensure the accuracy of current signal acquisition.

[0106] Next, proceed to step S10.3: The communication chassis and gateway should be installed on a utility pole 3m above the ground and secured with stainless steel clamps. The chassis protection level must meet the IP54 standard to withstand harsh outdoor environments. Connect the DC27V output line of the capacitor power supply device to the power input terminal of the communication chassis through a waterproof connector. Connect L+ to the positive terminal of DC27V and L- to the negative terminal to avoid incorrect wiring that could damage the equipment. The 2Ah lithium battery pack is fixed to the anti-vibration bracket inside the communication chassis and connected to the power management module.

[0107] Finally, execute steps S10.4-S10.5: Configure the communication addresses of the three fuses in the edge computing gateway of the distribution area: Phase A: 0x01, Phase B: 0x02, Phase C: 0x03, set the communication baud rate to 9600bps, and configure the 4G communication module parameters and 101 protocol parameters (link address 0x1234, ASDU type 30) to complete the upload link construction.

[0108] System parameter configuration is a crucial step in ensuring the monitoring function is implemented. First, in the configuration interface of the edge computing gateway for the distribution area, communication addresses are assigned to the three intelligent jet-type fuses: Phase A: 0x01, Phase B: 0x02, Phase C: 0x03. The communication baud rate is set to 9600bps, with 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity bit, ensuring communication protocol compatibility between devices. Then, parameters are sent down through the gateway. The default parameters are: fuse status judgment threshold: preset time period set to 500ms, line operation threshold set to 2V induced voltage, no-current threshold set to 3A, and vibration threshold set to 10 times / 1s. After threshold configuration, simulation tests are required to verify the effectiveness of the judgment logic. The parameters of the custom high-compression ratio protocol must be explicitly configured. The frame header should be set to 0xAA55 (2 bytes), the length field to 1 byte, the control command field to 1 byte, 0x01 for reading data, 0x02 for setting parameters, and 0x03 for event reporting. The timestamp should be 4 bytes in UTC time format, and the checksum should be 2 bytes, calculated based on the CRC16 cyclic redundancy check algorithm. The maximum length of the valid data field should be 32 bytes to ensure that the protocol has core functions such as data reading, parameter configuration, and event reporting. For the balanced 101 protocol configuration, the link address should be set to the transformer area number, such as 0x1234, the application service data unit type should be set to the time-stamped measurement value type identifier 30, and the transmission period should be set to 10 seconds to ensure stable data upload to the power distribution monitoring master station.

[0109] Signal acquisition and status determination, data transmission and master station access, and power supply system operation and switching are performed as follows: The intelligent base of the intelligent ejector fuse operates continuously. The sampling chip acquires a 10kV current signal at a sampling frequency of 1kHz through a measurement CT. The vibration measurement chip monitors the vibration frequency of the fuse body in real time. The infrared transmitter and receiver continuously transmit infrared signals. All three types of data are transmitted to the main CPU chip in real time for synchronous fusion processing. Within a preset time period of 50ms, the main CPU chip identifies the fuse status according to the determination logic: if any two or more of the following three conditions are met: the infrared receiver has not received an infrared signal for 5 consecutive sampling cycles, the number of vibrations is ≥10, or the current drops from ≥90A to ≤3A, the fuse is determined to be in the open state. The intelligent ejector fuse, through the NB-IoT wireless communication module, packages and uploads the 10kV real-time current value, the live indication signal (high level indicates live, low level indicates power outage), and the fuse composite status signal to the distribution area edge computing gateway according to a custom high compression ratio protocol. The transmission delay is controlled to ≤1s. After receiving data, the edge computing gateway in the distribution area first performs preprocessing: a moving average filter is used, with a window size of 5 data points to remove spike interference from the current signal. Abnormal current data exceeding the 0-120A range are marked and temporarily stored. Simultaneously, all valid data formats are standardized to the ASDU format required by the balanced 101 protocol before being uploaded to the power distribution monitoring master station via a 4G communication module. Regarding the power supply system, as shown in Figure 5, under normal operating conditions, the DC27V voltage output from the capacitor bank powers the gateway and charges the lithium battery via the power management module. When the output power exceeds 10VA, it automatically switches to lithium battery power supply with a switching time ≤10ms. In the event of a 10kV power outage, the lithium battery circuit is switched on to ensure continuous operation of the equipment for ≥8 hours. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection unit of the power management module monitors the output voltage and current in real time. When the output voltage ≥DC29.5V or the output current ≥1.1A, it automatically cuts off the power supply circuit to prevent equipment damage.

[0110] During the system commissioning and trial operation phase, all functional indicators need to be fully verified: Communication link testing shows that the NB-IoT link signal strength is ≥-85dBm, the 4G link upload success rate is ≥99.8%, and there is no packet loss or tampering in data transmission; In data accuracy testing, the current measurement error is ≤±1%, meeting the accuracy requirements of distribution area monitoring; In fuse status judgment testing, the master station response time is ≤3s, and the judgment accuracy rate reaches 100%; The continuous 72-hour power supply stability test shows no faults, and the power supply output voltage fluctuation range is DC24.5V-26.8V.

[0111] This embodiment achieves economical and high-precision monitoring of 10kV side data in distribution transformer substations through the above-described specific implementation process. Compared with the traditional solution of adding a 10kV sectionalizing switch, the cost is reduced by more than 33%, and it does not require reliance on on-site low-voltage power supply. It effectively solves the problem of blind spots in the monitoring of 10kV side of digital distribution transformer substations and can be widely applied to various conventional low-voltage distribution transformer substation 10kV side status monitoring scenarios.

[0112] Example 3

[0113] This embodiment is designed for special scenarios in industrial transformer substations characterized by high rated current, frequent load fluctuations, and strong electromagnetic interference. It strictly follows the installation and deployment steps S10.1-S10.5, highlighting only the differences from the conventional scenario in Embodiment 2. The general process can be referred to Embodiment 2 to ensure the scenario adaptability of the technical solution.

[0114] Equipment selection optimization: The sampling chip of the intelligent jet fuse has been upgraded to ADS1263, with a sampling accuracy of ±0.8%. The sampling frequency of the vibration measurement chip has been increased to 200Hz to ensure signal capture sensitivity during large current surges. The capacitor power supply device uses four 15nF / 12kV ceramic capacitors connected in series, with a total capacitance of 3.75nF. The high-voltage transformer ratio has been optimized to 10kV:250V, and the output power has been increased to 15VA to meet the power consumption requirements of the equipment during high current sampling. The lithium battery capacity has been expanded to 3Ah, and the overcurrent threshold of the power management module has been adjusted to 1.5A to adapt to the power supply requirements after the load increase.

[0115] Differentiated adjustments to installation and deployment: The phase-to-phase spacing of the three intelligent jet-type fuses is increased to ≥0.5m to reduce electromagnetic coupling interference caused by high current; the measuring CT is selected as a high-precision model with a range of 0-150A, and the sampling accuracy is calibrated to ±0.2 level. It is installed close to the 10kV lower lead and the insulation distance between it and the conductor is ≥10cm; the capacitor power supply device is installed far away from the industrial equipment busbar, with a distance of ≥1m, to avoid strong electromagnetic interference affecting the stability of power supply; the communication cable adopts double-shielded twisted pair cable with an outer metal shielding tube, and the gateway is equipped with an electromagnetic shielding cover with a shielding effectiveness of ≥40dB.

[0116] Parameter configuration adjustment: The preset time period for fuse status determination is set to 40ms, the no-current threshold is set to 5A, and the vibration threshold is increased to 6 times / 1s to adapt to the vibration intensity when a high-current fuse blows; an RC filter circuit is added to the current signal sampling circuit, with a resistor of 10Ω and a capacitor of 100nF, to filter out noise signals generated by industrial electromagnetic interference.

[0117] Trial operation verification shows that in industrial scenarios with a rated current of 100A and strong electromagnetic interference of 50Hz, the current sampling error is ≤±1.2%, and when a large current overload of 220A causes the fuse to blow, the response time of the power distribution monitoring master station is ≤4s; the output power of the capacitor power supply device is stable at 15VA, and the emergency battery life is ≥12 hours; there is no packet loss or tampering in the data transmission process, and the accuracy of fuse status determination is 100%, which is fully adapted to the monitoring needs of industrial distribution areas with high current and high interference.

[0118] Example 4

[0119] This embodiment optimizes the communication module configuration for areas with weak NB-IoT signal coverage, such as remote rural areas and mountainous regions, to ensure stable data transmission and solve the monitoring blind spot problem in scenarios without signal.

[0120] Key adjustments to equipment selection: The edge computing gateway for the distribution area has added a satellite communication module, compatible with BeiDou short message communication, forming triple communication redundancy with the existing NB-IoT and 4G modules; the NB-IoT module with intelligent ejector fuse has added a signal amplification circuit, improving the receiving sensitivity to -105dBm and enhancing the ability to capture weak signals; the output power of the capacitor power supply device remains at 10VA, and the power management module has added a dynamic power consumption adjustment function for the communication module to avoid power overload caused by multiple modules working simultaneously.

[0121] During installation and deployment, the communication chassis is installed on the highest crossarm in the substation area to ensure that the sky visibility angle of the satellite communication module is ≥120° and there are no obstructions or interference. The NB-IoT antenna adopts a high-gain omnidirectional antenna with a gain of 10dBi and is installed at a height 20cm above the top of the chassis to enhance signal reception. The connecting wire between the capacitor power supply device and the communication chassis is shortened to within 5m to reduce voltage loss and ensure stable power supply.

[0122] Parameter configuration optimization: The communication link adopts the switching logic of "NB-IoT priority, 4G backup, and satellite as a last resort". When the NB-IoT signal strength is ≤-95dBm, it automatically switches to 4G communication. When the 4G signal is interrupted, satellite short message communication is started, with a transmission cycle of 30s / time. The effective data field of the custom high compression ratio protocol adopts a segmented transmission mechanism to adapt to the bandwidth limitations of satellite communication. The data acquisition cycle of the fuse is adjusted to 200ms to balance data integrity and communication power consumption.

[0123] On-site test results show that in remote scenarios with NB-IoT signal strength of -100dBm and intermittent 4G signal, the communication link switching success rate is 100% and data transmission is without loss; the capacitor power supply is stable, the power management module dynamically adjusts power consumption, and the lithium battery provides emergency battery life of ≥10 hours; the fuse status determination accuracy is 99.5%, and the current measurement error is ≤±1.5%, effectively solving the problem of 10kV side monitoring in remote areas without signal.

[0124] Example 5

[0125] This embodiment is designed for special scenarios in high-altitude mountainous areas where there is no low-voltage power supply, low temperature and strong wind, and signal attenuation. It strictly follows the installation and deployment steps S10.1-S10.5, highlighting only the differences from the conventional scenario in Embodiment 2, to ensure the reliable implementation of the technical solution.

[0126] Differentiated adjustments to equipment selection: The protection level of intelligent jet-type fuses and communication enclosures has been upgraded to IP65, and the surface is coated with an anti-corrosion coating; the withstand voltage of ceramic capacitors in the capacitor power supply device has been increased to 15kV, and the total withstand voltage after series connection is ≥20kV; the high-voltage transformer adopts high-altitude iron core material, and the insulation thickness is increased during epoxy resin vacuum casting; a low-temperature start-up circuit has been added to the power management module, and the lithium battery is selected as a wide-temperature product with an operating temperature range of -20℃ to 60℃.

[0127] Differentiated adjustments to installation and deployment: The capacitor power supply device is fixed on the leeward side crossarm of the transformer area and secured with reinforcing bolts to meet the wind resistance requirement of ≥12 level; the communication chassis is equipped with insulation cotton and the installation location avoids low-lying water accumulation areas; the grounding resistance is controlled to ≤3Ω to enhance lightning protection capability; all wiring terminals use IP67 waterproof connectors and the wires are covered with UV-resistant sheaths.

[0128] Differentiated optimization of parameter configuration: The NB-IoT module's transmit power has been increased to 23dBm, and the gateway 101 protocol transmission cycle has been shortened to 8s to compensate for the transmission delay caused by signal attenuation at high altitudes; the preset time period for determining the composite state of the fuse has been adjusted to 80ms, and the vibration threshold has been reduced to 4 times / 80ms to avoid misjudgments caused by natural breezes in mountainous areas; the charging current of the power management module has been adjusted to 0.3A to slow down the aging of lithium batteries in high-altitude environments, the overvoltage threshold has been set to 30V, and battery undervoltage protection with a threshold of 25V has been added.

[0129] The on-site trial operation results show that the equipment can run continuously for 168 hours without failure in an environment with an altitude of 2500m and a low temperature of -15℃. As shown in Figure 5, the output voltage of the capacitor power supply device is stable at DC26.5V-27.5V, and the lithium battery charge and discharge cycle is normal. The signal transmission success rate is ≥99.5%, and the fuse status determination accuracy rate is 99.6%, which effectively solves the monitoring problem caused by the lack of low-voltage power supply and harsh environment in high-altitude mountainous areas.

[0130] The specific implementation methods of each step will not be repeated here. It should be noted that although several units / modules or sub-units / sub-modules of the synchronous escape wiring device based on multi-commodity flow have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is merely exemplary and not mandatory. In fact, according to embodiments of the present invention, the features and functions of two or more units / modules described above can be embodied in one unit / module. Conversely, the features and functions of one unit / module described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple units / modules.

[0131] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0132] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0133] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some communication interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0134] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0135] Furthermore, although the operations of the method of the present invention are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in that specific order, or that all the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be broken down into multiple steps.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring data on the 10kV side of a distribution substation. Its features are, include The following steps: S1: Intelligent jet-type fuses are used to collect 10kV side live indication signals, current signals, and fuse composite status signals; S2: The intelligent jet-type fuse transmits the real-time current value, energized indication signal and composite status signal of the 10kV side to the distribution area edge computing gateway through the wireless communication module based on a custom high compression ratio protocol. S3: The distribution area edge computing gateway uploads the 10kV side monitoring data to the distribution monitoring master station through the 4G communication module using the balanced 101 protocol; S4: The capacitor power supply device uses the principle of capacitor voltage division to convert 10kV AC voltage into DC27V DC voltage and then input it to the power management module. S5: The power management module manages the backup power supply and the DC27V capacitor power supply in a coordinated manner through hardware control circuits, and outputs a stable DC power supply to the edge computing gateway of the distribution area.

2. The method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation according to claim 1, Its features are, In step S1, the intelligent jet fuse includes a jet fuse body (1), an intelligent base (6) located at the bottom, a 10kV upper lead (4), a 10kV lower lead (5), a measuring CT (3), and a mounting bracket (2). The intelligent base (6) integrates a main CPU chip, a sampling chip for acquiring external CT measurement signals, a vibration measurement chip for detecting equipment vibration parameters, and an infrared transmitter and receiver pair for detecting the position and state of an object.

3. The method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation according to claim 1, Its features are, In step S1, The logic for determining the combined state signal of the fuse is as follows: within a preset time period, the fuse is determined to be in the open state when at least two of the following events are met: a) The infrared receiver did not receive the infrared signal emitted by the infrared transmitting component; b) The number of vibrations collected by the vibration measurement unit exceeds the preset vibration threshold; c) The current signal abruptly changes from the operating threshold to the preset no-current threshold; The state of the fuse wire and the monitoring parameters satisfy the following correspondence: When the fuse is operating normally, the current signal is within the rated range, the fuse body is in an unpredictable state, and the infrared signal transmission is normal. During the fuse operation, the current signal drops sharply, the fuse body vibrates, and the infrared signal is blocked. After the fuse is activated, the current signal is zero, the body is stable, and the infrared signal is blocked.

4. The method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation according to claim 1, Its features are, In step S2, the interactive data frame format of the custom high compression ratio protocol includes a frame header, a data length field, a control command field, a timestamp field, a checksum field, and a valid data field, and has the functions of data reading, parameter reading, parameter configuration, control command issuance, and event reporting.

5. The method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation according to claim 1, Its features are, In step S2, the wireless communication module is an NB-IoT wireless communication module; The intelligent jet-type fuse and the edge computing gateway of the distribution area achieve bidirectional data interaction through the NB-IoT wireless communication link.

6. The method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation according to claim 1, Its features are, In step S4, the capacitor power extraction device includes a ceramic capacitor and a high-voltage transformer, which are encapsulated by epoxy resin vacuum casting. The capacitor power extraction device achieves high-voltage power extraction through a multi-capacitor series structure. After being processed by a transformer voltage divider and rectifier circuit, it outputs a DC27V voltage with a capacity of 10VA.

7. The method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation according to claim 1, Its features are, In step S5, the backup power source is a 2Ah lithium battery; The control logic of the power management module is specifically as follows: to perform charging management on the 2Ah lithium battery. When the output power exceeds 10VA, the power supply is switched to the 2Ah lithium battery. When the 10kV side experiences a power outage, the lithium battery power supply circuit is automatically switched on; the power management module outputs DC24V-27V DC power.

8. A method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation according to claim 2, Its features are, The main CPU chip of the smart base receives current sampling data from the sampling chip, vibration detection data from the vibration measurement chip, and infrared signal data from the infrared transmitter and receiver pair in real time, and performs synchronous fusion processing on the three types of data to determine the composite status signal of the fuse.

9. A method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation according to claim 4. Its features are, The checksum field of the custom high compression ratio protocol is calculated using the CRC16 cyclic redundancy check algorithm to verify the integrity of data transmission and prevent data loss or tampering.

10. Installation and deployment steps for 10kV side data monitoring in a distribution substation. The method for monitoring 10kV side data of a distribution substation as described in any one of claims 1-9 is adopted. Its features are, Implementation and deployment steps: S10.1: Fix the capacitor power collection device to the crossarm of the transformer substation, connect its high voltage lead inlet to the 10kV A-phase line, and reliably connect its outlet to the transformer substation grounding busbar. S10.2: Install the three intelligent jet-type fuses according to the phase sequence markings on the transformer incoming line crossarm; S10.3: Fix the communication chassis to a utility pole 3 meters above the ground using clamps, and connect the output line of the capacitor power supply device to the power input terminal of the communication chassis; S10.4: Configure the communication addresses of the three intelligent jet-type fuses in the edge computing gateway of the transformer area; S10.5: Configure the parameters of the 4G communication module and the 101 protocol parameters in the distribution edge computing gateway to complete the construction of the upload link for monitoring data to the distribution master station.

Images