Vacuum switching tube for switching high voltages and device having vacuum switching tube

Abstract

The invention relates to a vacuum switching tube (1) for switching high voltages, comprising: at least one bushing (2); at least one fixed contact (3) comprising a contact plate (5) and a contact pin (6); at least one movable contact (4) comprising a contact plate (5) and a contact pin (6). The at least one bushing (2) comprises at least one ceramic segment (7) and a metal switching chamber (8). The contact pin (6) of the at least one movable contact piece (4) protrudes into the at least one sleeve (2) through the at least one bellows (9). The at least one bellows (9) is spatially at least partially surrounded by a metal switching chamber (8). The invention relates to a device (12) having a vacuum interrupter (1), comprising a metal can housing and / or an insulator housing (13), in which the vacuum interrupter (1) is arranged, in particular filled with clean air as an insulating gas (14).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a vacuum switch tube for switching high voltage and an apparatus having the vacuum switch tube, the vacuum switch tube comprising: at least one sleeve; at least one fixed contact comprising a contact plate and a contact pin; and at least one movable contact comprising a contact plate and a contact pin. The at least one sleeve comprises at least one ceramic segment and a metal switching cavity. The contact pin of the at least one movable contact extends into the at least one sleeve through at least one bellows. The at least one bellows (8) is spatially at least partially surrounded by the metal switching cavity (7). Background Technology

[0002] Vacuum switch tubes, or vacuum switches comprising vacuum switch tube devices, are, for example, circuit breakers, or are used in circuit breakers, wherein switch contacts movable relative to each other are disposed within at least one vacuum switch chamber. In high-voltage engineering, such vacuum switch tubes are used for switching voltages in high voltage ranges, particularly voltages greater than or equal to 52 kV, and / or for switching large currents in the range of tens of kiloamperes. Vacuum switch tubes, particularly those included in switching devices, require minimal maintenance, are durable, and are simply and reliably driven, especially by spring-loaded actuators and / or motors. For high-voltage requirements, devices with multiple vacuum switch tubes are used, for example, whose switching sections are connected in series, as known from DE 10 2013208 419 A1. Alternatively, vacuum switch tubes, particularly those having multiple switching sections within a vacuum switch tube, are used.

[0003] During switching, the movable switch contacts or elements are in mechanical and electrical contact in the closed state and move separately from each other when the switch is open. In the open state, a gap is formed between the contacts, resulting in a distance between them, for example, ranging from millimeters to centimeters. Due to the vacuum formed between the contacts within the vacuum switch tube, voltage, even high voltage, is maintained in the open state without causing electrical flashover, such as an electric arc. To close the switch, the movable contacts are moved towards each other until electrical and mechanical contact is established between them.

[0004] To isolate the contacts from each other in the open state, a vacuum is created within the vacuum switch tube, and the tube's bushing contains insulating regions, for example, in the form of one or more ceramic segments. For good conductivity in the closed state, the contacts are constructed of a single metal, multiple metals, and / or metal alloys. In the mechanical contact region of the contacts, metal vapor is generated due to arcing during switching on and / or off. This metal vapor settles or condenses on the vacuum switch tube's bushing, and becomes conductive. For this reason, a metal switching cavity is provided in the gaps between the contacts or in the mechanical contact region, allowing metal vapor to condense on the inner surface of the cavity without affecting the insulation performance of the vacuum switch tube's bushing. Furthermore, in high-voltage applications, the metal switching cavity is used to absorb X-rays generated during switching.

[0005] To achieve a uniform voltage distribution across the vacuum switch tube, prior art vacuum switch tubes employ a symmetrical design, as detailed in DE 10 2010 005 466 B3. Here, the bushing is designed symmetrically, particularly with respect to the ceramic section, with the plane of symmetry perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch tube, and is arranged in the region of the mechanical contacts of the contact element in the ON state. For simplicity, fixed and movable contacts are typically used, as this requires only one actuator to drive the contacts during switching. The fixed contact extends into the vacuum switch tube at one end and is vacuum-sealed and mechanically fixed by, for example, a metal cap. The movable contact extends into the vacuum switch tube at the opposite second end and is vacuum-sealed and mechanically movable by, for example, a bellows-like structure with a metal cap.

[0006] The metal switching chamber or main shield of the vacuum switch tube is centrally arranged between opposing covers, while ceramic segments are arranged on the left and right sides of the switching chamber. The metal switching chamber and ceramic segments are vacuum-sealed at their ends by covers and bellows, forming, for example, a hollow cylindrical bushing with, for example, a circular bottom surface. Except for the covers and bellows, this bushing is symmetrical along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch tube. For vacuum switch tubes used for high voltage (especially high voltage), a longer insulation distance is required to achieve electrical insulation. For this purpose, multiple ceramic segments can be used on each side of the vacuum switch tube, which are assembled together, for example, by metal shields, the interior of which is designed as a vapor shield. The various components of the vacuum switch tube, particularly the bushings (e.g., with ceramic segments), the main shield or switching chamber, the vapor shield, the covers and bellows, and the contacts, are vacuum-sealed together, for example, by brazing in a brazing furnace.

[0007] The symmetrical construction of the vacuum switch tube results in a uniform voltage distribution across it when voltage is applied. In the on-state, half the total voltage in the off-state is present in the spatial region of the mechanical contacts. The vacuum switch tube is substantially symmetrical in voltage distribution. This ensures long-term stability and prevents electric flashovers when voltage is applied in the off-state, which could damage and / or destroy the vacuum switch tube. The symmetrical construction leads to a longer length of the vacuum switch tube and a longer movable contact. The longer length of the movable contact results in a correspondingly larger contact mass, higher material consumption and cost, and requires greater force or energy to drive the movable contact during switching. Therefore, a larger, more expensive driver is required, and the switching speed is slower compared to shorter, lighter movable contacts. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of this invention is to provide a vacuum switch tube for switching high voltages and an apparatus having such a vacuum switch tube, which solves the aforementioned problems. In particular, the object of this invention is to provide an economical and efficient vacuum switch tube and apparatus having a short, lightweight, and easily accelerated movable contact containing less metal than contacts known in the prior art.

[0009] According to the invention, this objective is achieved by a vacuum switch tube for switching high voltages having the features of claim 1 and / or an apparatus having the aforementioned vacuum switch tube according to claim 11. Advantageous designs of the vacuum switch tube for switching high voltages and / or the apparatus having the aforementioned vacuum switch tube according to the invention are described in the dependent claims. The subject matter of the main claim may be combined with the features of the dependent claims, and the features of the dependent claims may be combined with each other.

[0010] The vacuum switching tube for switching high voltage according to the present invention comprises: at least one sleeve; at least one fixed contact including a contact plate and a contact pin; at least one movable contact including a contact plate and a contact pin, wherein the at least one sleeve includes at least one ceramic segment and a metal switching cavity, wherein the contact pin of the at least one movable contact extends into the at least one sleeve through at least one bellows. The at least one bellows is spatially at least partially surrounded by the metal switching cavity. This means that no ceramic segment is provided on one side of the bellows (i.e., the movable contact). Viewed from the metal switching cavity, there is at least one ceramic segment on the fixed contact side, while there is no ceramic segment on the movable contact or bellows side. This asymmetrical arrangement can be achieved, in particular, by electrically controlling the vacuum switching tube. This control is performed, for example, by external connection with electrical components, particularly resistors, capacitors, variable resistors, dischargers, and / or coils, as known for example from DE 10 2021 207 963 A1, which will not be described further below for simplicity.

[0011] With no ceramic segment on the movable contact side, or with the bellows at least partially surrounded by a metal switching cavity, this asymmetric vacuum switching tube allows for a very short contact pin on the movable contact. Compared to existing technologies, the contact pin is shortened or even shorter, for example, in the range of millimeters to centimeters, resulting in less or reduced weight and material. Material savings, particularly savings in copper and / or steel, reduce costs and allow for greater acceleration of the contact with less force or energy during switching. Increased acceleration enables rapid switching and reduces wear, for example, by shortening the arc burning time between contacts. The lower required force allows for the use of cost-effective actuators, such as spring-loaded actuators with or without particularly inexpensive gearboxes. Therefore, due to this asymmetric vacuum switching tube, with no ceramic segment on the movable contact side, or with the bellows at least partially surrounded by a metal switching cavity, and with a shorter or reduced contact pin, material and cost savings are achieved, as well as rapid switching times, and a simple, uncomplicated structure for the vacuum switching tube can be realized.

[0012] At least one bellows can be fixed to the contact plate of at least one movable contact. This allows the contact pin length of the movable contact within the vacuum switch tube to be within or shorter of the maximum longitudinal extension length during bellows switching. This short contact pin offers the aforementioned advantages.

[0013] At least one bellows can be completely surrounded in space by a metal switching cavity. Therefore, especially when the switching cavity is formed as a metal cap at one end of the vacuum switching tube, no other components (e.g., ceramic segments) are needed on the bellows side, and / or no separate metal cap is required. This enables vacuum switching tubes with fewer components or assemblies, lower complexity, and / or shorter lengths, which are easier to assemble. This results in savings in assembly time and cost.

[0014] At least one ceramic segment can spatially surround the contact pin of at least one fixed contact element. Specifically, at least two or more ceramic segments can spatially surround the contact pin of at least one fixed contact element. In the open state, one or more ceramic segments provide electrical insulation along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch tube, leaving gaps between the contact plates of the contact element, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the vacuum switch tube. Multiple ceramic segments enable control of the vacuum switch tube and form a large insulation distance along the bushing of the vacuum switch tube to suppress leakage current. Thus, especially in the open state, reliable function of the vacuum switch tube can be achieved.

[0015] The ceramic segment can be arranged only on one side of the fixed contact of the vacuum switch tube. The movable contact can be surrounded only by the metal components of the bushing (especially at least one bellows and a metal switching cavity). Arranging the ceramic segment only on one side of the fixed contact achieves the function of the vacuum switch tube and has the aforementioned advantages.

[0016] The metal switching cavity can be vacuum-sealed on one side of at least one movable contact via at least one bellows, and / or can-shaped, with at least one movable contact extending from the vacuum switching tube through the bottom of the can via at least one bellows. This achieves a vacuum-sealed vacuum switching tube, ensuring its reliable switching function. It enables the movement of at least one movable contact to switch the vacuum switching tube, which is vacuum-sealed at one end via a bellows and / or a metal switching cavity (especially can-shaped), and offers the aforementioned advantages.

[0017] A vapor shield, which may include metal, is particularly positioned between multiple ceramic segments and / or at least one ceramic segment and the metal switching cavity, extending particularly from the bushing. This prevents or reduces metal vapor deposition on the ceramic segments, which would reduce the electrical insulation performance of the ceramic segments. Furthermore, the vapor shield connects the contacted devices (e.g., variable resistors, capacitors, resistors, dischargers, and / or diodes) to provide electrical control of the vacuum switching tube, offering the aforementioned advantages.

[0018] A cover, particularly of metal, may be included on one side of at least one fixed contact, which vacuum-seales the vacuum switch tube, particularly mechanically connected to at least one ceramic segment. This vacuum-sealing of the vacuum switch tube enables it to operate normally during switching, especially during disconnection, wherein the cover, particularly of metal, allows for a favorable voltage distribution along the vacuum switch tube, or shields elements such as contact pins.

[0019] The contacts, particularly the contact plates and / or contact pins, can be made of steel, copper, and / or copper-chromium alloys, or contain steel, copper, and / or copper-chromium alloys. These materials, due to their low resistance, result in low electrical losses in the vacuum switch tube when it is in the on-state. These materials also exhibit high resistance to combustion caused by electric arcs. The switching cavity and / or bellows can be made of steel, or contain steel. This achieves high mechanical strength, long service life, and good field distribution along the vacuum switch tube. In particular, the metal switching cavity can shield against X-rays, thus preventing hazards to maintenance personnel, especially, from radiation emitted by the vacuum switch tube. The metal switching cavity enables the aforementioned control and offers corresponding advantages.

[0020] Vacuum switching transistors can be designed for switching voltages in high voltage ranges, particularly those greater than or equal to 52kV. The aforementioned advantages are especially significant at high voltages. The vacuum switching transistor according to the invention can reliably and stably perform high voltage switching within the aforementioned high voltage range over long periods. In the vacuum switching transistor of the invention, electrical flashover, especially at very high voltages, can be avoided, thereby preventing damage or even destruction of the vacuum switching transistor. This enables long-term stable, and especially maintenance-free, reliable high voltage switching.

[0021] The device with the aforementioned vacuum switching tube includes a metal can housing and / or an insulating housing, within which the vacuum switching tube is housed, particularly filled with clean air as the insulating gas. The advantages of this device are similar to those of the vacuum switching tube described above. The metal can housing allows the vacuum switching tube to be used in enclosed or energized high-voltage circuit breakers, while the insulating housing allows it to be used in open circuit breakers. The housing protects the vacuum switching tube from environmental influences. The use of clean air as the insulating gas ensures good electrical insulation of the vacuum switching tube within the housing without the risk of flashover; furthermore, clean air (i.e., dry, purified air) is environmentally friendly and climate-neutral. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention are schematically illustrated in the figures below and described in detail below.

[0023] Figure 1A cross-sectional view along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch tube 1 schematically shows a vacuum switch tube 1 according to the invention for switching voltage, the vacuum switch tube having a bellows 9 which is spatially surrounded by a metal switching cavity 8.

[0024] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view schematically illustrates the device 12 according to the invention, which has according to Figure 1 The vacuum switch tube 1 is located inside the housing 13. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Figure 1 A vacuum switch tube 1 according to the invention for switching voltages, particularly high voltages in the range of 52 kV or greater, is schematically shown from one side, exemplarily along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch tube 1. The vacuum switch tube 1 has a sleeve 2 comprising a metal switching cavity 8, ceramic segments 7, and a metal cap 11, the ceramic segments being interconnected by an outwardly extending vapor shield 10. The ceramic segments 7 are constructed as hollow cylinders or tubes and are fluid-tightly closed at one end of the vacuum switch tube 1 by the cap 11. The metal switching cavity 8 is constructed as a hollow cylinder structure, for example, having different cross-sections in different regions along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch tube 1, and is fluid-tightly closed at one end of the vacuum switch tube 1 (opposite to the end with the cap 11). The vacuum switch tube 1 is internally evacuated or evacuated.

[0026] Contacts 3 and 4 extend from the ends of the vacuum switch tube 1, for example, fixed contact 3 from one side of the vacuum switch tube 1 and movable contact 4 from the other side of the vacuum switch tube 1, into the sleeve 2 of the vacuum switch tube 1. The fixed contact 3 extends outward from the interior of the vacuum switch tube 1, for example, through bonding, crimping, brazing, and / or welding, in a fluid-tight manner through the cover 11. The movable contact 4 extends outward from the interior of the vacuum switch tube 1 through a bellows 9, which is fluid-tightly connected to the contact 3 and the main shield or switch cavity 8, for example, through bonding, crimping, brazing, and / or welding. Contacts 3 and 4 each include a contact plate 5 and a contact pin 6. The contact plate 5 is arranged inside the vacuum switch tube 1 at one end of the contact pin 6, with the plate plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the contact pin 6. At the other end of the contact pin 6, which is arranged outside the vacuum switch tube 1, the vacuum switch tube 1 is electrically contacted.

[0027] When the vacuum switch tube 1 is switched on, in the open state, a vacuum gap exists between the contact plates 5 of contacts 3 and 4, thus interrupting the current on contacts 3 and 4 when voltage is applied. In the closed state, the movable contact 4 moves toward the fixed contact 3 until the contact plates 5 of contacts 3 and 4 form electrical and / or mechanical contact, allowing current flow. In the open state, the movable contact 4 moves away from the fixed contact 3 until the contact plates 5 of contacts 3 and 4 have sufficient spacing to electrically insulate contacts 3 and 4 from each other when voltage is applied. A gap in the vacuum switch tube, ranging from millimeters to centimeters, is sufficient, for example, to interrupt high voltages, particularly in the range of 52 kV or greater. The length of the vacuum switch tube 1 is, for example, particularly in the range of 30 to 100 cm, and the circumference is particularly in the range of 10 to 100 cm.

[0028] The metal switching cavity 8 spatially contains or surrounds the contact plates 5 of contacts 3 and 4. The switching cavity 8 is made of metal such as copper and / or steel, and contains, for example, internal vapor deposition shields, which are not shown in the figures for simplicity. Hollow cylindrical ceramic segments 7 are made, for example, of sintered ceramic and are specifically surface-treated. The ceramic segments 7 are connected to each other, for example, by vapor shields 10. During the manufacture of the vacuum switching tube 1, the connection is performed in a furnace at several hundred degrees Celsius, for example, during brazing. The vapor shields 10 are made, for example, of metal (particularly copper and / or steel) and are constructed in a ring shape. Inside the vacuum switching tube 1, the vapor shields 10 are constructed, for example, in the form of vapor deposition shields, which are not shown in detail in the figures for simplicity. The vapor shields 10 extend outward from the vacuum switching tube 1, for example, in the form of a flat ring, or beyond the circumference of the ceramic segments. This allows electrical connections and interconnections of electrical components (such as variable resistors, capacitors, resistors, diodes, and / or dischargers) through the vapor shield 10, thereby enabling control of the vacuum switch tube 1, which is not shown in the figure for simplicity.

[0029] Contacts 3 and 4, namely contact plate 5 and contact pin 6, are made of, for example, copper, aluminum, and / or steel. Specifically, contact pin 6 may be made of one or more different materials, for example, copper inside the vacuum switch tube and aluminum extending outwards, or entirely copper. Contact plate 5 is made of, for example, one or more materials, such as copper-plated steel or entirely copper, wherein the contact surface is, for example, slotted. Cover 11 is made of, for example, metal, particularly copper and / or steel. Bellows 9 is made of, for example, steel, particularly spring steel. The solder used to vacuum-seal the components of vacuum switch tube 1 during brazing is, for example, tin solder and / or lead solder.

[0030] In the embodiment shown in the figure, the ceramic segment 7, and in particular the vapor shield 10, is arranged only on one side of the vacuum switch tube 1, i.e., spatially containing the contact 3 or contact pin 6. In other words, viewed from the gap or contact plate 5, the ceramic segment 7 is arranged only on one side of the vacuum switch tube 1, particularly on the side of the fixed contact 3. On the other side, the metal switch cavity 8, particularly in conjunction with the bellows 9, surrounds the movable contact 4 or the contact pin 6 of the movable contact 4, and vacuum-seales the sleeve 2 on this side. Alternatively, the switch cavity 8 is vacuum-sealed on one side of the bellows 9 by, for example, a cover similar to a cover 11 and the bellows 9, which is connected to the switch cavity 8, for example, by bonding, clamping, brazing, and / or welding.

[0031] Bellows 9 Figure 1 In one embodiment, i.e., without a cap on one side of the bellows 9, the lower end of the bellows 9 is vacuum-sealed to the switch cavity 8, for example by bonding, clamping, brazing, and / or welding. The opposite end of the bellows 9, for example, is vacuum-sealed to one side of the contact plate 5 of the movable contact 4, particularly by bonding, clamping, brazing, and / or welding. In the open state of the vacuum switch tube 1, the opposite side of the contact plate 5 abuts against the contact gap. Alternatively, the bellows 9 may be fixed to the contact pin 6, particularly in the end region near the contact plate 5. The bellows 9 extends into or is completely surrounded by the switch cavity 8. Thus, the bellows 9 is at least partially surrounded by the metal switch cavity 8 in space. If there is no ceramic segment 7 on one side of the movable contact 4, or if the bellows 9 is at least partially surrounded by the metal switch cavity 8 in space, the movable contact 4 or its contact pin 6 can be designed to be very short. The contact pin 6 of the movable contact 4 has a minimum length, such as the gap width and / or the length of the bellows. The short contact pin 6 of the movable contact 4, in particular, with its minimum length, has a small, in particular minimal, mass, thus enabling rapid switching with minimal force and energy consumption. This allows for the use of cost-effective actuators, particularly motor and / or spring-powered actuators, and enables the use of vacuum switching tubes 1 with lower material costs for the contact 4, and reduces switching time, especially in cases of low wear, low force, and low energy consumption.

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the device 12 according to the invention is shown from the side, which has according to Figure 1The device 12 includes at least one vacuum switch tube 1 as described above, which is disposed within a housing 13. The housing 13 may be, for example, a closed canister-type or charged canister-type housing, particularly made of metal (e.g., steel and / or aluminum). Alternatively, the housing 13 may be an open switch housing, for example made of an insulator (particularly ceramic, silicone, and / or composite materials). The outer surface of the housing 13 may have, for example, a ribbed structure (for simplicity, ...). Figure 2 (not shown in the diagram) to extend the electrical creepage path. The housing 13 may be filled with an insulating gas, particularly SF6, CO2, or a gas mixture (e.g., clean air, i.e., purified and dry air). The vacuum switch tube 1 and, consequently, the device 12, particularly for switching high-voltage circuit breakers or high-voltage circuit breaker equipment with voltages greater than or equal to 52 kV, demonstrate the aforementioned advantages of the vacuum switch tube 1 of the present invention.

[0033] The above embodiments can be combined with each other and / or with existing technologies. Thus, for example, a ceramic segment 7 and / or a metal switching cavity 8 with a hollow cylindrical shape can be used, with its bottom, top, and / or cross-section being elliptical, oval, or other shapes, rather than circular. More than one fixed and / or movable contact 3, 4 can be used, for example, a fixed contact 3 in the middle with a contact plate 5 on each side of the contact pin 6, particularly disposed entirely inside the vacuum switching tube 1, and two movable contacts 4 on each side of the vacuum switching tube 1, extending outward along the corresponding contact pin 6 through the bellows 9. In this case, one or more ceramic segments 7 surround the contact pin 6 of the fixed contact 3. Switching cavities 8, particularly metal, are provided on its left and right sides, at least partially or completely surrounding the bellows 9. This vacuum switching tube 1 is constructed symmetrically with reference to the gap between the contacts 3 and 4 in the open state.

[0034] The bellows 9 is fixed, for example, to the contact pin 6 of the movable contact 4, and / or to the contact plate 5 of the movable contact 4, particularly fixed substantially vertically in the flat area of ​​the contact plate 5. Alternatively, the bellows 9 can be fixed, for example, in a vacuum-sealed manner to the outer periphery of the contact plate 5. Alternatively, if the contact plate 5 and the contact pin 6 are not integrally formed, but are connected to each other, for example, by tightening, bonding, clamping, welding and / or brazing, the bellows 9 can also be fixed, for example, in a vacuum-sealed manner between the contact pin 6 and the contact plate 5, such as by clamping, bonding, brazing and / or welding.

[0035] Multiple ceramic segments 7 can be interconnected via a vapor shield 10, or only one ceramic segment 7 can be provided. Inside the vacuum switch tube 1, the vapor shield 10, cover 11, and / or metal switch cavity or metal main shield 8 can have a vapor deposition shield. Instead of using the metal cover 11, the ceramic segment 7 can be designed to be cover-shaped on at least one side, and in particular, the contact pin 6 of the fixed contact 3 can extend into the vacuum switch tube 1 in a vacuum-sealed manner (e.g., by brazing, sintering, bonding, and / or clamping) through the cover-shaped ceramic segment 7. The cover 11 can also be made of, or contain, materials such as plastic, PTFE, PCTFE, and / or semiconductors.

[0036] The vacuum switch tube 1 can be electrically connected, in particular, via devices such as capacitors, resistors, coils, variable resistors, and / or dischargers. For example, it can be directly connected to the sleeve 2 along the outer periphery and longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch tube 1, or spaced a certain distance from the sleeve 2, or located in a separate housing, to control the vacuum switch tube 1. In this way, when the vacuum switch tube 1 is in the off state, a predetermined, particularly uniform, voltage drop can be achieved along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum switch tube 1 when a voltage is applied.

[0037] List of reference numerals 1 Vacuum switch tube 2 casings 3 Fixed contact components 4 movable contact elements 5 contact plates 6 contact pins 7 ceramic sections 8. Metal switching chamber 9-corrugated pipe 10 Steam shields 11 Metal lid 12. Devices with vacuum switching tubes 13 Metal can shell and / or insulating shell 14. Insulating gas.

Claims

1. A vacuum switch tube (1) for switching high voltage, the vacuum switch tube comprising: at least one sleeve (2); at least one fixed contact (3), the fixed contact comprising a contact plate (5) and a contact pin (6); at least one movable contact (4), the movable contact comprising a contact plate (5) and a contact pin (6), wherein, The at least one sleeve (2) includes at least one ceramic segment (7) and a metal switching cavity (8), wherein the contact pin (6) of the at least one movable contact (4) extends into the at least one sleeve (2) through at least one bellows (9). Its features are, The at least one bellows (9) is spatially at least partially surrounded by the metal switching cavity (8).

2. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one bellows (9) is fixed to the contact plate (5) of the at least one movable contact (4).

3. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one bellows (9) is spatially completely surrounded by the metal switching cavity (8).

4. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one ceramic segment (7) spatially surrounds the contact pin (6) of the at least one fixed contact (3), and in particular, at least two or more ceramic segments (7) spatially surround the contact pin (6) of the at least one fixed contact (3).

5. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The ceramic segment (7) is arranged only on one side of the fixed contact (3) of the vacuum switch tube (1), and / or the movable contact (4) is spatially surrounded only by the metal portion of the sleeve (2), particularly by the at least one bellows (9) and the metal switch cavity (8).

6. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The metal switch chamber (8) is vacuum-sealed on one side of the at least one movable contact (4) by the at least one bellows (9) and / or is can-shaped, with the at least one movable contact (4) extending from the vacuum switch tube (1) through the bottom of the can via the at least one bellows (9).

7. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The vacuum switch tube includes a metal vapor shield (10), which is located, in particular, between the ceramic section (7) and / or at least one of the ceramic sections (7) and the metal switch cavity (8), and extends, in particular, from the sleeve (2).

8. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The vacuum switch tube includes, on one side of the at least one fixed contact (3), a cap (11) of particular metal, which vacuum-seales the vacuum switch tube (1) and is mechanically connected to at least one ceramic segment (7).

9. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The contacts (3, 4), particularly the contact plate (5) and / or the contact pin (6), are made of steel, copper and / or copper-chromium alloy, or contain steel, copper and / or copper-chromium alloy, and / or the switching cavity (8) and / or the bellows (9) are made of steel, or contain steel.

10. The vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The vacuum switch tube (1) is designed to switch voltages in a high voltage range, especially in the range of 52kV or greater.

11. A device (12) having a vacuum switch tube (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The device includes a metal can housing and / or an insulating housing (13), in which a vacuum switch tube (1) is disposed, and in particular, is filled with clean air as an insulating gas (14).

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