Children humerus retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail

Abstract

The child humerus retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail comprises a nail tail assembly and a nail rod mechanism, and the nail tail assembly comprises a tail cap pipe, a fool-proof groove and a nail planting groove; wherein the nail planting groove is formed in one end of the tail cap pipe, the nail rod mechanism is detachably installed at the other end of the tail cap pipe, the nail end mechanism is detachably installed at the other end of the nail rod mechanism, and the fool-proof groove is formed among the tail cap pipe, the nail rod mechanism and the nail end mechanism. The nail tail assembly, the nail rod mechanism and the nail end mechanism are connected in an assembling mode, so that different nail tail assemblies, nail rod mechanisms and nail end mechanisms can be selectively assembled according to actual requirements or fixing modes in the operation process so as to adapt to the complex operation environment, and the probability that the nail tail assembly, the nail rod mechanism and the nail end mechanism are damaged in the implanting process is reduced. Depending on an intramedullary nail implanting positioner, the intramedullary nail implanting device is more suitable for retrograde nail implanting, humerus of children and the like, the operation requirement for limited operation space is met, intraoperative operation can be effectively simplified, and the operation risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an intramedullary nail, specifically a retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children, belonging to the field of intramedullary nail technology. Background Technology

[0002] Intramedullary nails are orthopedic internal fixation implants primarily used to treat fractures of long tubular bones (such as the humerus). They are surgically implanted into the medullary cavity, utilizing a hollow tubular structure with guide pins and locking screws to provide minimally invasive, central fixation of the fracture ends. This effectively maintains bone length, prevents rotation and shortening, and maximizes preservation of periosteal blood supply. Elastic intramedullary nails are widely used due to their lack of epiphyseal damage and ease of operation, but they often suffer from insufficient stability in older or heavier children. Rigid intramedullary nails are the gold standard in adults, but they are typically a single, integrated structure. Using traditional approaches can easily damage the humeral growth plate in children, leading to humeral growth arrest or kyphosis. Furthermore, in children, the presence of the epiphysis often prevents direct antegrade intramedullary nailing, and retrograde manipulation using antegrade intramedullary nails presents relatively high risks and difficulties.

[0003] A Chinese patent entitled "Medical Device with Modular Intramedullary Nail and an Intramedullary Nail" (patent number ZL201110101767.X) discloses a modular intramedullary nail technology. It utilizes a continuous, integrally formed structure along the long bone axis to achieve better structural strength and enhance safety during use. However, the intramedullary nail cannot be disassembled, making it impossible to select the installation method according to actual needs. Furthermore, like traditional intramedullary nails, it uses bone screws inserted from the outside to fix the intramedullary nail to the bone, which presents problems of complex operation and high risk.

[0004] A Chinese patent entitled "A Novel Bone-Transfer Intramedullary Nail" (patent number ZL202011280091.0) discloses a bone-transfer intramedullary nail technology. It can move bone segments and repair bone defects by using bone transport tissue and adjustment device. The elastic body can adjust the stress of the bone segment and stimulate the body tissue to form new bone, avoiding stress shielding. However, this intramedullary nail also adopts an integrated structure, which also has the problem of not being able to select the installation operation method according to actual needs. It also uses the external insertion method to fix the intramedullary nail. Therefore, a retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children to solve or alleviate the technical problems existing in the prior art, or at least provide a beneficial alternative.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: a retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children, comprising a tail assembly and a rod mechanism, wherein the tail assembly comprises a tail cap tube, a foolproof groove and a nail insertion groove; The nailing groove is located at one end of the tail cap tube, the nail rod mechanism is detachably installed at the other end of the tail cap tube, and a nail end mechanism is detachably installed at the other end of the nail rod mechanism. The anti-fooling groove is located between the tail cap tube, the nail rod mechanism, and the nail end mechanism. The nail rod mechanism and the nail end mechanism are located on the same center line, and the included angle A between the center line of the nail rod mechanism and the tail cap tube is 3-9°. The nail rod mechanism is used to connect the tail cap tube and the nail end mechanism to form a complete rigid intramedullary nail; The nail end mechanism has external fixation and / or internal fixation functions.

[0007] More preferably, the nail rod mechanism is composed of a first nail rod tube; Wherein, one end of the first nail rod tube is threaded to the end of the tail cap tube away from the nail insertion groove, and the anti-mistake groove is opened at the end of the tail cap tube and the first nail rod tube adjacent to each other.

[0008] A further preferred embodiment of the nail end mechanism with external fixing function consists of a first nail end tube, an end cutting bevel portion, and a first static locking hole; Wherein, one end of the first nail end tube is threaded to one end of the first nail rod tube, the end cut bevel is opened at the other end of the first nail end tube, and there are four first static locking holes, which are respectively opened on the outer side wall of the tail cap tube and the first nail end tube.

[0009] More preferably, a first tail cap cutting portion is provided on the outer side wall of the tail cap tube away from the anti-foolproof groove, and a first open groove is provided at the end of the tail cap tube away from the anti-foolproof groove.

[0010] More preferably, the nail rod mechanism consists of a second nail rod tube, a transmission inner tube, a transmission end, and a drive groove; Wherein, one end of the second nail rod tube is threaded to the end of the tail cap tube away from the nail insertion groove, the anti-fooling groove is opened at the end of the tail cap tube adjacent to the second nail rod tube, the transmission inner tube is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the second nail rod tube, the transmission end is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the tail cap tube, one end of the transmission inner tube is inserted into the inner side wall of the transmission end, and the drive groove is opened at one end of the transmission end.

[0011] More preferably, the nail end mechanism is provided with an internal support mechanism, and an internal drive mechanism is provided between the nail end mechanism and the nail rod mechanism; the internal support mechanism includes a threaded slider, two connecting rods, two insert plates, several puncture parts, and two rubber plugs; The two connecting rods are respectively hinged between the threaded slider and the two insert plates, and the plurality of puncture parts are respectively provided on one side of the two insert plates and are integrally formed. The two rubber plugs are respectively provided on one side of the two insert plates.

[0012] More preferably, the internal drive mechanism includes an insert block, a threaded rod, and a guide pin hole; One end of the insert is inserted into the end of the transmission inner tube away from the transmission end, the threaded rod is fixedly connected to the other end of the insert, and the guide pin hole is opened in the middle of the inner sidewall of the insert, the threaded rod, the transmission inner tube and the transmission end.

[0013] More preferably, the nail end mechanism with external and internal fixing functions consists of a second nail end tube, a second static locking hole, a first inner tube and a first spring, and is provided with an internal support mechanism and an internal drive mechanism. In this configuration, one end of the second nail end tube is threadedly connected to one end of the second nail rod tube. There are three second static locking holes: one on the outer wall of the second nail end tube and the other two on the outer wall of the tail cap tube. The outer wall of the first inner tube is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second nail end tube. One end of each of the two insert plates is hinged to the inner wall of the first inner tube. Two rubber plugs are respectively inserted into the inner wall of the second nail end tube. The insert block is rotatably connected to one side of the inner wall of the second nail end tube. One end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the other side of the inner wall of the second nail end tube. The outer wall of the insert block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first inner tube. One end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second nail end tube, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the first inner tube. The outer wall of the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded slider.

[0014] A further preferred embodiment of the nail end mechanism with internal fixing function consists of a third nail end tube, a second inner tube, a second spring, a locking nail groove, and a nail tail locking nail; and is internally provided with two sets of internal support mechanisms and one set of internal drive mechanisms; The third nail end tube is threaded to one end of the second nail rod tube. There are two second inner tubes and two second springs. The two second inner tubes are slidably connected to the inner sidewalls of the third nail end tube. One end of the insert plate of the two sets of internal support mechanisms is respectively hinged to the inner sidewalls of the two second inner tubes and staggered. The rubber plugs of the two internal support mechanisms are respectively staggered and inserted into the inner sidewalls of the third nail end tube. The insert block is rotatably connected to one side of the inner sidewall of the third nail end tube. One end of each of the two second springs is fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the third nail end tube, and the other end of each of the two second springs is fixedly connected to one end of the two second inner tubes. The outer sidewall of the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the inner sidewall of the threaded slider of the two sets of internal support mechanisms. There are three locking nail slots and three nail tail locking nails. The three locking nail slots are arranged in a ring on the inner sidewall of the tail cap tube, and the outer sidewalls of the three nail tail locking nails are respectively threadedly connected to the inner sidewalls of the three locking nail slots.

[0015] More preferably, a second nail tail cutting part is provided on the side of the outer wall of the tail cap tube away from the anti-fooling groove, and three second open grooves are provided at the end of the tail cap tube away from the anti-fooling groove, and the three second open grooves are respectively provided corresponding to the three nail tail locking nails.

[0016] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions: I. This invention connects the screw tail assembly, screw rod mechanism, and screw end mechanism through assembly, so that different screw tail assemblies, screw rod mechanisms, and screw end mechanisms can be selectively assembled during surgery according to actual needs or fixation methods to adapt to complex surgical environments.

[0017] Second, this invention can fix the intramedullary nail from inside the humerus by using a nail end mechanism with internal fixation function, without the need for drilling outside the humerus. It also reduces the dependence on the intramedullary nail locator during implantation, and is more suitable for retrograde nailing, pediatric humerus and other surgeries with limited operating space. It can effectively simplify intraoperative operations and reduce surgical risks.

[0018] The above overview is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become readily apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first static locking hole of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an isometric view of the first nail rod tube of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the structure of the first nail end tube of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the included angle A of the center lines of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the second nail end tube of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second static locking hole of the present invention; Figure 11 This is an isometric view of the second nail rod tube of the present invention; Figure 12 This is an isometric view of the second nail end tube of the present invention; Figure 13 This is an isometric view of the insert block of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 16 For the present invention Figure 15 Enlarged schematic diagram of area A structure; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the locking pin at the end of the nail according to the present invention; Figure 18 This is an isometric view of the third nail end tube of the present invention; Figure 19 This is an isometric view of the second inner tube of the present invention; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the threaded rod and threaded slider of the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Nail tail assembly; 2. Nail shank mechanism; 3. Nail end mechanism; 4. Internal support mechanism; 5. Internal drive mechanism; 101. Tail cap tube; 102. Anti-fooling groove; 103. Nail insertion groove; 201. First nail shank tube; 301. First nail end tube; 302. End cutting bevel; 303. First static locking hole; 61. First tail cap cutting part; 62. First open groove; 211. Second nail shank tube; 212. Transmission inner tube; 213. Transmission end; 214. Drive groove; 31 1. Second nail end tube; 312. Second static locking hole; 313. First inner tube; 314. First spring; 401. Threaded slider; 402. Connecting rod; 403. Insert plate; 404. Puncture part; 405. Rubber plug; 501. Insert block; 502. Threaded rod; 503. Guide pin hole; 321. Third nail end tube; 322. Second inner tube; 323. Second spring; 324. Locking nail groove; 325. Nail tail locking nail; 611. Second nail tail cutting part; 621. Second open groove. Detailed Implementation

[0022] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0023] It is important to note that terms such as "first," "second," "symmetric," and "array" are used only to distinguish between descriptive and positional descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified with terms such as "first" or "symmetric" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; similarly, when the quantity of certain features is not limited by words such as "two" or "three," it should be noted that such features also explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0025] like Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children, including a nail tail assembly 1 and a nail rod mechanism 2. The nail tail assembly 1 includes a tail cap tube 101, a foolproof groove 102 and a nail insertion groove 103. The nailing groove 103 is located at one end of the tail cap tube 101. The nail rod mechanism 2 is detachably installed at the other end of the tail cap tube 101. A nail end mechanism 3 is detachably installed at the other end of the nail rod mechanism 2. An anti-misalignment groove 102 is located between the tail cap tube 101, the nail rod mechanism 2, and the nail end mechanism 3. The nail rod mechanism 2 and the nail end mechanism 3 are located on the same center line. The angle A between the center line of the nail rod mechanism 2 and the center line of the tail cap tube 101 is 3-9°. Figure 6 As shown; Among them, the nail rod mechanism 2 is used to connect the tail cap tube 101 and the nail end mechanism 3 to form a complete rigid intramedullary nail; Among them, the nail end mechanism 3 has an external fixing function.

[0026] In one embodiment, the nail rod mechanism 2 is composed of a first nail rod tube 201; One end of the first nail rod tube 201 is threaded to the end of the tail cap tube 101 away from the nail insertion groove 103, and the anti-mistake groove 102 is opened at the end of the tail cap tube 101 and the first nail rod tube 201 adjacent to each other.

[0027] By utilizing the position of the anti-misfit groove 102, it can be determined whether the tail cap tube 101 and the first nail rod tube 201 are properly locked.

[0028] In one embodiment, the nail end mechanism 3 with external fixing function consists of a first nail end tube 301, an end cutting bevel portion 302, and a first static locking hole 303; One end of the first nail end tube 301 is threaded to one end of the first nail rod tube 201, and the end cut bevel 302 is opened at the other end of the first nail end tube 301. There are four first static locking holes 303, which are respectively opened on the outer side wall of the tail cap tube 101 and the first nail end tube 301. The anti-fool groove 102 is opened between the outer wall of the first nail rod tube 201 and the first nail end tube 301.

[0029] The bone screw can pass through the first static locking hole 303 to fix the humerus to the intramedullary nail; the anti-misalignment groove 102 ensures that the first nail rod tube 201 and the first nail end tube 301 are locked in place.

[0030] In one embodiment, a first tail cap cutting portion 61 is provided on the side of the outer wall of the tail cap tube 101 away from the anti-foolproof groove 102, and a first open groove 62 is provided at the end of the tail cap tube 101 away from the anti-foolproof groove 102.

[0031] The first open slot 62 is used to position the tail cap tube 101 and the intramedullary nail locator, and the first tail cap cutting part 61 is used to avoid irritation of the lateral brachialis muscle by the end of the intramedullary nail.

[0032] In operation, the present invention firstly selects and assembles the nail tail assembly 1, nail rod mechanism 2, and nail end mechanism 3 according to actual needs. When there is sufficient space for forward or reverse operation and an external fixation intramedullary nail can be used, the first nail rod tube 201 is moved and assembled with the tail cap tube 101 using threads. The position of the anti-fooling groove 102 is used to determine whether the tail cap tube 101 and the first nail rod tube 201 are locked in place. Then, the operation is repeated to assemble the first nail end tube 301 at the other end of the first nail rod tube 201.

[0033] During the surgery, the patient is kept in a prone or lateral decubitus position. When making the incision, extend 6 cm proximally from the tip of the olecranon of the humerus. Split the triceps brachii tendon longitudinally along the incision to expose the olecranon fossa, thus determining the location for intramedullary nail implantation. Then, depending on the actual needs, select a drill bit to enlarge the hole and insert a guide pin, proceeding with care to avoid fracture. Next, use the nail slot 103 to connect the assembled intramedullary nail to the intramedullary nail locator, and use the intramedullary nail locator in conjunction with the guide pin to perform the intramedullary nail implantation.

[0034] The intramedullary nail implantation operation is made smoother by the end cutting bevel 302, and the first tail cap cutting part 61 is used to avoid irritation of the brachialis muscle by the end of the intramedullary nail.

[0035] After the intramedullary nail is implanted, a hole can be drilled at a designated location on the outside of the humerus using an intramedullary nail locator. This hole, along with the first static locking hole 303, will fix the intramedullary nail to the humerus, preventing rotation and axial movement of the intramedullary nail within the medullary cavity and enhancing fixation stability.

[0036] After the intramedullary nail is implanted and fixed, the intramedullary nail locator is removed from the nail slot 103, and the tail cap is screwed into the nail slot 103 to complete the implantation operation. Example 2

[0037] like Figures 1-13 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children, including a nail tail assembly 1 and a nail rod mechanism 2. The nail tail assembly 1 includes a tail cap tube 101, a foolproof groove 102 and a nail insertion groove 103. Among them, the nailing groove 103 is opened at one end of the tail cap tube 101, the nail rod mechanism 2 is detachably installed at the other end of the tail cap tube 101, and the nail end mechanism 3 is detachably installed at the other end of the nail rod mechanism 2. The anti-fooling groove 102 is located between the tail cap tube 101, the nail rod mechanism 2 and the nail end mechanism 3. The nail rod mechanism 2 and the nail end mechanism 3 are located on the same center line, and the included angle A between the center line of the nail rod mechanism 2 and the tail cap tube 101 is 3-9°. Among them, the nail rod mechanism 2 is used to connect the tail cap tube 101 and the nail end mechanism 3 to form a complete rigid intramedullary nail; Among them, the nail end mechanism 3 has both external and internal fixing functions.

[0038] In one embodiment, a first tail cap cutting portion 61 is provided on the side of the outer wall of the tail cap tube 101 away from the anti-foolproof groove 102, and a first open groove 62 is provided at the end of the tail cap tube 101 away from the anti-foolproof groove 102.

[0039] In one embodiment, the nail rod mechanism 2 consists of a second nail rod tube 211, a transmission inner tube 212, a transmission end 213, and a drive groove 214. One end of the second nail rod tube 211 is threaded to the end of the tail cap tube 101 away from the nail insertion groove 103. The anti-mistake groove 102 is opened at the end of the tail cap tube 101 adjacent to the second nail rod tube 211. The transmission inner tube 212 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second nail rod tube 211. The transmission end 213 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tail cap tube 101. One end of the transmission inner tube 212 is inserted into the inner wall of the transmission end 213. The drive groove 214 is opened at one end of the transmission end 213.

[0040] The nail end mechanism 3 is provided with an internal support mechanism 4, and an internal drive mechanism 5 is provided between the nail end mechanism 3 and the nail rod mechanism 2; the internal support mechanism 4 includes a threaded slider 401, two connecting rods 402, two insert plates 403, several puncture parts 404 and two rubber plugs 405. Among them, two connecting rods 402 are respectively hinged between the threaded slider 401 and the two insert plates 403, several puncture parts 404 are respectively provided on one side of the two insert plates 403 and are integrally formed, and two rubber plugs 405 are respectively provided on one side of the two insert plates 403.

[0041] The internal drive mechanism 5 includes an insert block 501, a threaded rod 502, and a guide pin hole 503; One end of the insert block 501 is inserted into the end of the transmission inner tube 212 away from the transmission end 213, and the threaded rod 502 is fixedly connected to the other end of the insert block 501. The guide pin hole 503 is opened in the middle of the inner sidewall of the insert block 501, the threaded rod 502, the transmission inner tube 212 and the transmission end 213.

[0042] By inserting a screwdriver through the tail cap tube 101 into the drive groove 214, the transmission end 213 is rotated to drive the transmission inner tube 212 to rotate. The rotating transmission inner tube 212 drives the insert block 501 to rotate, and the rotating insert block 501 drives the threaded rod 502 to rotate.

[0043] In one embodiment, the nail end mechanism 3 with external and internal fixing functions is composed of a second nail end tube 311, a second static locking hole 312, a first inner tube 313 and a first spring 314, and is provided with an internal support mechanism 4 and an internal drive mechanism 5. One end of the second nail end tube 311 is threaded to one end of the second nail rod tube 211. There are three second static locking holes 312: one is located on the outer wall of the second nail end tube 311, and the other two are located on the outer wall of the tail cap tube 101. The outer wall of the first inner tube 313 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second nail end tube 311. One end of each of the two insert plates 403 is hinged to the inner wall of the first inner tube 313. Two rubber plugs 405 are respectively inserted into the second nail. The inner wall of the end tube 311; the insert block 501 is rotatably connected to one side of the inner wall of the second nail end tube 311, one end of the threaded rod 502 is rotatably connected to the other side of the inner wall of the second nail end tube 311, the outer wall of the insert block 501 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first inner tube 313, one end of the first spring 314 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second nail end tube 311, the other end of the first spring 314 is fixedly connected to one end of the first inner tube 313, and the outer wall of the threaded rod 502 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded slider 401.

[0044] When performing surgery using a combined external and internal fixation intramedullary nail, firstly, by moving the second nail rod tube 211, the transmission inner tube 212 is inserted into the tail cap tube 101 of the transmission end 213, so that one end of the transmission inner tube 212 fits tightly against the inner wall of the transmission end 213. Then, the second nail rod tube 211 and the tail cap tube 101 are connected and fixed using threads, and the locking groove 102 is used to determine whether the locking is in place. Then, the operation is repeated, moving the second nail end tube 311 to drive the insert block 501 into the transmission inner tube 212, and fixing the second nail end tube 311 and the second nail rod tube 211 using threads, thus completing the assembly of the combined external and internal fixation intramedullary nail. Then, the rubber plug 405 can be removed from the second nail end tube 311, exposing the insert plate 403.

[0045] Similar to the operation in Embodiment 1, the intramedullary nail is implanted into the humerus using an intramedullary nail locator. Then, using the same locator, a hole is made on the humerus corresponding to the second static locking hole 312 on the second nail end tube 311 to allow for initial fixation of the second nail end tube 311 using bone screws. Next, a screwing tool is inserted through the tail cap tube 101 into the drive groove 214, so that rotating the transmission end 213 drives the transmission inner tube 212 to rotate. The rotating transmission inner tube 212 drives the insertion block 501 to rotate, and the rotating insertion block 501 drives the threaded rod 502, which in turn drives the threaded slider 40. 1. The moving threaded slider 401 drives the insert plate 403 to move via the connecting rod 402. The moving insert plate 403 drives the puncture part 404 to contact and compress the bone in the medullary cavity. After the insert plate 403 and the puncture part 404 are in full contact with the bone, the first inner tube 313 is driven to move by the continuously rotating threaded rod 502 in conjunction with the threaded slider 401, the connecting rod 402 and the insert plate 403. The moving first inner tube 313 drives the first spring 314 to compress, and causes the insert plate 403 and the puncture part 404 to further penetrate into the bone, and can move the bone to make the fracture fully fit.

[0046] After the internal fixation operation is completed, the tail cap tube 101 can be fixed by drilling and implanting bone screws. The intramedullary nail can be fitted onto the guide pin for implantation through the threaded rod 502. Example 3

[0047] like Figures 1-20 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children, including a nail tail assembly 1 and a nail rod mechanism 2. The nail tail assembly 1 includes a tail cap tube 101, a foolproof groove 102 and a nail insertion groove 103. Among them, the nailing groove 103 is opened at one end of the tail cap tube 101, the nail rod mechanism 2 is detachably installed at the other end of the tail cap tube 101, and the nail end mechanism 3 is detachably installed at the other end of the nail rod mechanism 2. The anti-fooling groove 102 is located between the tail cap tube 101, the nail rod mechanism 2 and the nail end mechanism 3. The nail rod mechanism 2 and the nail end mechanism 3 are located on the same center line, and the included angle A between the center line of the nail rod mechanism 2 and the tail cap tube 101 is 3-9°. Among them, the nail rod mechanism 2 is used to connect the tail cap tube 101 and the nail end mechanism 3 to form a complete rigid intramedullary nail; Among them, the nail end mechanism 3 has an internal fixing function.

[0048] The nail rod mechanism 2 consists of a second nail rod tube 211, a transmission inner tube 212, a transmission end 213, and a drive groove 214; One end of the second nail rod tube 211 is threaded to the end of the tail cap tube 101 away from the nail insertion groove 103. The anti-mistake groove 102 is opened at the end of the tail cap tube 101 adjacent to the second nail rod tube 211. The transmission inner tube 212 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second nail rod tube 211. The transmission end 213 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tail cap tube 101. One end of the transmission inner tube 212 is inserted into the inner wall of the transmission end 213. The drive groove 214 is opened at one end of the transmission end 213.

[0049] The nail end mechanism 3 is provided with an internal support mechanism 4, and an internal drive mechanism 5 is provided between the nail end mechanism 3 and the nail rod mechanism 2; the internal support mechanism 4 includes a threaded slider 401, two connecting rods 402, two insert plates 403, several puncture parts 404 and two rubber plugs 405. Among them, two connecting rods 402 are respectively hinged between the threaded slider 401 and the two insert plates 403, several puncture parts 404 are respectively provided on one side of the two insert plates 403 and are integrally formed, and two rubber plugs 405 are respectively provided on one side of the two insert plates 403.

[0050] The internal drive mechanism 5 includes an insert block 501, a threaded rod 502, and a guide pin hole 503; One end of the insert block 501 is inserted into the end of the transmission inner tube 212 away from the transmission end 213, and the threaded rod 502 is fixedly connected to the other end of the insert block 501. The guide pin hole 503 is opened in the middle of the inner sidewall of the insert block 501, the threaded rod 502, the transmission inner tube 212 and the transmission end 213.

[0051] In one embodiment, the nail end mechanism 3 with internal fixing function is composed of a third nail end tube 321, a second inner tube 322, a second spring 323, a locking nail groove 324 and a nail tail locking nail 325; and is provided with two sets of internal support mechanisms 4 and one set of internal drive mechanisms 5; One end of the third nail end tube 321 is threaded to one end of the second nail rod tube 211. There are two second inner tubes 322 and two second springs 323. The two second inner tubes 322 are slidably connected to both sides of the inner wall of the third nail end tube 321. One end of the insert plate 403 of the two sets of inner support mechanisms 4 is respectively hinged to the inner wall of the two second inner tubes 322 and is staggered. The rubber plugs 405 of the two inner support mechanisms 4 are respectively staggered and inserted into the inner wall of the third nail end tube 321. The insert block 501 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the third nail end tube 321. On the side, one end of each of the two second springs 323 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the third nail end tube 321, and the other end of each of the two second springs 323 is fixedly connected to one end of each of the two second inner tubes 322. The outer wall of the threaded rod 502 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded slider 401 of the two sets of inner support mechanisms 4. There are three locking nail slots 324 and three nail tail locking nails 325. The three locking nail slots 324 are arranged in a ring on the inner wall of the tail cap tube 101, and the outer walls of the three nail tail locking nails 325 are threadedly connected to the inner walls of the three locking nail slots 324 respectively.

[0052] A second nail tail cutting part 611 is provided on the side of the outer wall of the tail cap tube 101 away from the anti-fooling groove 102. Three second open grooves 621 are provided at the end of the tail cap tube 101 away from the anti-fooling groove 102. The three second open grooves 621 are respectively provided with three nail tail locking nails 325.

[0053] When performing surgery using an internal fixation intramedullary nail, the procedure is basically the same as in Example 2, except that the tail cap tube 101 that drives the locking screw groove 324 is assembled with the second screw rod tube 211, the third screw end tube 321 is assembled at the other end of the second screw rod tube 211, and the rubber plug 405 is removed from the third screw end tube 321.

[0054] Since external fixation is not required, only a hole needs to be made at a designated location on the outside of the humerus for implanting the intramedullary nail. Then, with the help of a guide pin, the intramedullary nail can be implanted into the designated location by tapping, without the need for an intramedullary nail locator.

[0055] After the intramedullary nail is implanted in the designated position, the turning tool can be inserted into the drive groove 214 through the tail cap tube 101. By rotating the transmission end 213, the transmission inner tube 212 is driven to rotate. The rotating transmission inner tube 212 drives the insertion block 501 to rotate. The rotating insertion block 501 drives the threaded rod 502 to drive the two threaded sliders 401 to move synchronously. The two synchronously moving threaded sliders 401 respectively use the connecting rod 402 to drive the insertion plate 403 and the puncture part 404 to contact the bone in the medullary cavity. When the movement of the insertion plate 403 and the puncture part 404 is blocked, the third nail end tube 321 is driven to move. The moving third nail end tube 321 causes the insertion plate 403 and the puncture part 404 to further penetrate into the bone and can move the bone to make the fracture fully fit.

[0056] After the transmission end 213 is screwed into place, the nail tail locking nail 325 can be inserted into the corresponding locking nail groove 324, and the tail cap tube 101 can be fixed to the humerus by screwing. After screwing into place, the tail cap plug can be screwed into the nail implantation groove 103 to complete the implantation operation.

[0057] Because the medullary cavity environment is relatively complex and not a regular shape, when the insert plate 403 and puncture part 404 of one set of internal support mechanisms 4 come into contact with the bone in advance, the internal support mechanism 4 can move the third nail end tube 321 as the threaded rod 502 continues to rotate, while the insert plate 403 of another set of internal support mechanisms 4 can continue to be deployed.

[0058] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children, comprising a nail tail assembly (1) and a nail rod mechanism (2), characterized in that, The nail tail assembly (1) includes a tail cap tube (101), a foolproof groove (102), and a nail insertion groove (103). The nailing groove (103) is located at one end of the tail cap tube (101), the nail rod mechanism (2) is detachably installed at the other end of the tail cap tube (101), and the nail end mechanism (3) is detachably installed at the other end of the nail rod mechanism (2). The anti-fooling groove (102) is located between the tail cap tube (101), the nail rod mechanism (2) and the nail end mechanism (3). The nail rod mechanism (2) and the nail end mechanism (3) are located on the same center line, and the included angle A between the center lines of the nail rod mechanism (2) and the tail cap tube (101) is 3-9°. The nail rod mechanism (2) is used to connect the tail cap tube (101) and the nail end mechanism (3) to form a complete rigid intramedullary nail; The nail end mechanism (3) has external fixation and / or internal fixation functions.

2. The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nail rod mechanism (2) is composed of a first nail rod tube (201); Wherein, one end of the first nail rod tube (201) is threaded to the end of the tail cap tube (101) away from the nailing groove (103), and the anti-fooling groove (102) is opened at the end of the tail cap tube (101) and the first nail rod tube (201) adjacent to each other.

3. The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nail end mechanism (3) with external fixing function consists of a first nail end tube (301), an end cutting bevel (302), and a first static locking hole (303); Wherein, one end of the first nail end tube (301) is threaded to one end of the first nail rod tube (201), the end cutting bevel (302) is opened at the other end of the first nail end tube (301), and there are four first static locking holes (303), which are respectively opened on the outer side wall of the tail cap tube (101) and the first nail end tube (301).

4. The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side wall of the tail cap tube (101) away from the anti-fooling groove (102) is provided with a first tail cap cutting part (61), and the end of the tail cap tube (101) away from the anti-fooling groove (102) is provided with a first open groove (62).

5. The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nail rod mechanism (2) consists of a second nail rod tube (211), a transmission inner tube (212), a transmission end (213), and a drive groove (214); Wherein, one end of the second nail rod tube (211) is threaded to the end of the tail cap tube (101) away from the nail insertion groove (103), the anti-fooling groove (102) is opened at the end of the tail cap tube (101) adjacent to the second nail rod tube (211), the transmission inner tube (212) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second nail rod tube (211), the transmission end (213) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tail cap tube (101), one end of the transmission inner tube (212) is inserted into the inner wall of the transmission end (213), and the drive groove (214) is opened at one end of the transmission end (213).

6. The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nail end mechanism (3) is provided with an internal support mechanism (4), and an internal drive mechanism (5) is provided between the nail end mechanism (3) and the nail rod mechanism (2); the internal support mechanism (4) includes a threaded slider (401), two connecting rods (402), two insert plates (403), several puncture parts (404) and two rubber plugs (405). Among them, the two connecting rods (402) are respectively hinged between the threaded slider (401) and the two insert plates (403), and a plurality of puncture parts (404) are respectively provided on one side of the two insert plates (403) and are integrally formed structures, and the two rubber plugs (405) are respectively provided on one side of the two insert plates (403).

7. The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children according to claim 6, characterized in that: The internal drive mechanism (5) includes an insert block (501), a threaded rod (502), and a guide pin hole (503); One end of the insert (501) is inserted into the end of the transmission inner tube (212) away from the transmission end (213), the threaded rod (502) is fixedly connected to the other end of the insert (501), and the guide pin hole (503) is opened in the middle of the inner sidewall of the insert (501), the threaded rod (502), the transmission inner tube (212) and the transmission end (213).

8. The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nail end mechanism (3) with external and internal fixing functions consists of a second nail end tube (311), a second static locking hole (312), a first inner tube (313) and a first spring (314), and is equipped with an internal support mechanism (4) and an internal drive mechanism (5). One end of the second nail end tube (311) is threaded to one end of the second nail rod tube (211). There are three second static locking holes (312): one second static locking hole (312) is opened on the outer wall of the second nail end tube (311), and the other two second static locking holes (312) are opened on the outer wall of the tail cap tube (101). The outer wall of the first inner tube (313) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second nail end tube (311). One end of each of the two insert plates (403) is hinged to the inner wall of the first inner tube (313). The two rubber plugs (405) are respectively inserted into the second nail end tube. The inner wall of the tube (311); the insert (501) is rotatably connected to one side of the inner wall of the second nail end tube (311), one end of the threaded rod (502) is rotatably connected to the other side of the inner wall of the second nail end tube (311), the outer wall of the insert (501) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first inner tube (313), one end of the first spring (314) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second nail end tube (311), the other end of the first spring (314) is fixedly connected to one end of the first inner tube (313), and the outer wall of the threaded rod (502) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded slider (401).

9. The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nail end mechanism (3) with internal fixing function consists of a third nail end tube (321), a second inner tube (322), a second spring (323), a locking nail groove (324), and a nail tail locking nail (325); and is equipped with two sets of internal support mechanisms (4) and one set of internal drive mechanisms (5); One end of the third nail end tube (321) is threaded to one end of the second nail rod tube (211). There are two second inner tubes (322) and two springs (323). The two second inner tubes (322) are slidably connected to both sides of the inner wall of the third nail end tube (321). One end of the insert plate (403) of the two sets of inner support mechanisms (4) is respectively hinged to the inner wall of the two second inner tubes (322) and staggered. The rubber plugs (405) of the two inner support mechanisms (4) are respectively staggered and inserted into the inner wall of the third nail end tube (321). The insert block (501) is rotatably connected to one side of the inner wall of the third nail end tube (321). One end of each of the two second springs (323) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the third nail end tube (321), and the other end of each of the two second springs (323) is fixedly connected to one end of each of the two second inner tubes (322). The outer wall of the threaded rod (502) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded slider (401) of the two sets of inner support mechanisms (4). There are three locking grooves (324) and three nail tail locking pins (325). The three locking grooves (324) are arranged in a ring on the inner wall of the tail cap tube (101), and the outer walls of the three nail tail locking pins (325) are threadedly connected to the inner walls of the three locking grooves (324).

10. The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nail for the humerus in children according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer side of the tail cap tube (101) away from the anti-fooling groove (102) is provided with a second nail tail cutting part (611), and the end of the tail cap tube (101) away from the anti-fooling groove (102) is provided with three second open grooves (621), and the three second open grooves (621) are respectively provided with three nail tail locking nails (325).

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