Water electrolysis hydrogen production purification system and hydrogen production equipment
Through integrated design and intelligent control, the problems of low integration and high energy consumption in traditional water electrolysis hydrogen purification systems have been solved, achieving efficient and low-cost hydrogen purification and stable equipment operation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GUANGDONG ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-24
AI Technical Summary
Traditional discrete architecture water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification systems have low integration, high energy consumption, high operation and maintenance costs, and lack intelligence and adaptability, making them difficult to adapt to the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy.
The anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit and the hydrogen purification unit are integrated into one design. The combination of three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode, micro fiber optic sensor network and intelligent control unit realizes the integration of reaction and separation, and is monitored and controlled in real time through a digital twin system.
It improves system integration, reduces energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, enhances stability and adaptability, and ensures efficient hydrogen purification and long-term equipment operation.
Smart Images
Figure CN121915430A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrogen energy production technology, and in particular to an electrolysis water hydrogen production and purification system and hydrogen production equipment. Background Technology
[0002] Hydrogen energy is a clean and efficient secondary energy source and an important vehicle for promoting energy transformation. Among them, hydrogen production by water electrolysis, especially the preparation of "green hydrogen," is a core direction.
[0003] Anion exchange membrane (EEM) water electrolysis combines the low cost of alkaline water electrolysis with the high efficiency of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, making it a promising next-generation hydrogen production technology. A complete anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system requires the integration of a hydrogen purification unit to treat the crude hydrogen produced at the cathode of the electrolysis cell, ensuring it meets the purity standards for downstream applications and guaranteeing the operation of the terminal equipment.
[0004] However, traditional discrete-architecture hydrogen production and purification systems operate electrolysis and purification independently, resulting in low system integration and high energy consumption, which increases operation and maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention
[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an electrolytic water hydrogen production and purification system and hydrogen production equipment that can improve system integration and reduce operation and maintenance costs, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.
[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides an electrolytic water hydrogen production and purification system, the system including an anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit and a hydrogen purification unit;
[0007] An anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit is used to electrolyze deionized water to generate hydrogen gas.
[0008] The hydrogen purification unit is connected to the cathode outlet of the anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit for deep purification of hydrogen.
[0009] The anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit includes a membrane electrode and a cathode diffusion layer; the cathode side of the membrane electrode is in close contact with the cathode diffusion layer; the cathode diffusion layer has an asymmetric gradient pore size and hydrogen selective separation function, which is used for in-situ selective separation and preliminary purification of hydrogen.
[0010] In one embodiment, the membrane electrode is a three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode; the ionomer content of the membrane binding region, transition region and catalytic reaction region of the three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode forms a continuous gradient distribution.
[0011] In one embodiment, a micro-fiber sensor network is integrated within the three-dimensional gradient film electrode to monitor the strain, temperature, and chemical expansion state inside the three-dimensional gradient film electrode.
[0012] In one embodiment, the cathode diffusion layer includes a porous hydrophobic substrate and a hydrogen selective separation membrane formed on the porous hydrophobic substrate;
[0013] Among them, the porous hydrophobic matrix has an asymmetric gradient pore size structure; the asymmetric gradient pore size structure means that the macroporous structure near the catalyst side gradually transitions to the fine microporous structure of the separation membrane layer; the porous hydrophobic matrix is a nickel-based porous hydrophobic matrix or a carbon-based porous hydrophobic matrix.
[0014] In one embodiment, the hydrogen selective separation membrane is a zeolite imidazole ester framework molecular sieve membrane or a palladium-based composite membrane with palladium nanoparticles loaded on its surface.
[0015] In one embodiment, the hydrogen purification unit is a single-stage coupled low-pressure-drop purification tank, and the interior of the single-stage coupled low-pressure-drop purification tank is provided with a catalytic deoxygenation layer and a deep dehydration layer in sequence along the airflow direction.
[0016] The catalytic deoxygenation layer is used to remove trace amounts of oxygen from hydrogen; the deep dehydration layer is used to adsorb and remove water molecules from hydrogen.
[0017] In one embodiment, the catalyst for catalytic deoxygenation includes a platinum single-atom catalyst anchored on a metal-organic framework material.
[0018] The adsorbents for the deep dehydration layer include composite aerogel adsorbents made of metal-organic framework materials and graphene.
[0019] In one embodiment, the system further includes an intelligent control unit; the intelligent control unit is connected to the electrolysis cell unit and the hydrogen purification unit respectively;
[0020] The intelligent control unit includes a digital twin system, which contains virtual models of each physical entity in the water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification system.
[0021] In one embodiment, the intelligent control unit further includes a stress relief control module;
[0022] When the stress relief control module detects abnormal interfacial stress in the membrane electrode, it automatically triggers the stress relief operation mode to adjust the current density and humidity parameters of the membrane electrode to alleviate the interfacial stress.
[0023] Secondly, this application provides a hydrogen production device, which includes an electrolytic water hydrogen production and purification system as described in any embodiment of the first aspect.
[0024] The aforementioned water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification system and equipment include an anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit and a hydrogen purification unit. The anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit electrolyzes deionized water to generate hydrogen, while the hydrogen purification unit performs deep purification of the hydrogen. In this way, this application constructs an integrated reaction and separation system architecture by integrating a cathode diffusion layer with asymmetric gradient pore size and hydrogen selective separation function on the cathode side of the membrane electrode. This achieves deep coupling of the electrolysis and preliminary purification processes at the source, enabling the proposed solution to not only utilize electrolysis micro-positive pressure to drive separation but also eliminate the need for traditional pre-purification equipment, significantly reducing system complexity and energy consumption. Attached Figure Description
[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification system in one embodiment;
[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of fiber optic sensors for monitoring the state of the membrane electrode in one embodiment;
[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional gradient film electrode in one embodiment;
[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification system in another embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0031] It is understood that the term "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc., have electrical signal or data transmission with each other.
[0032] It is understandable that "at least one" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least a part of an element" refers to part or all of an element.
[0033] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising / including” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Meanwhile, the term “and / or” as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.
[0034] Hydrogen energy is a clean and efficient secondary energy source and an important vehicle for promoting energy transformation. Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, especially "green hydrogen," is a core direction. Anion exchange membrane electrolysis combines the advantages of low cost of alkaline water electrolysis and high efficiency of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, making it a highly promising next-generation hydrogen production technology.
[0035] A complete anion exchange membrane electrolysis water production system needs to integrate a hydrogen purification unit to treat the crude hydrogen generated at the cathode of the electrolysis cell, so that it meets the purity standards for downstream applications and ensures the operation of the terminal equipment.
[0036] However, the current hydrogen production and purification system has significant drawbacks: low system integration and high energy consumption. The current separate operation of electrolysis and purification results in a complex and large-scale system with high energy consumption from peripheral equipment. The stability and lifespan of core components are challenging; anion exchange membranes and their electrodes are prone to delamination and peeling during long-term operation; and the efficiency of adsorbents and catalysts in traditional purification units declines, increasing maintenance costs. Furthermore, the system lacks intelligence and adaptability, lacking monitoring of the internal state of core components. The operational control strategy is adjusted retrospectively, making it difficult to adapt to the intermittent and fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources, affecting hydrogen production efficiency and exacerbating the degradation of core components. To address these shortcomings, this application proposes an electrolytic water production and purification system.
[0037] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, this application provides an electrolytic water hydrogen production and purification system 100. The system 100 includes an anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit 102 and a hydrogen purification unit 104. The anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit 102 is used to electrolyze deionized water to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen purification unit 104 is connected to the cathode outlet of the anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit 102 and is used to perform deep purification of hydrogen.
[0038] The anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit 102 includes a membrane electrode 202 and a cathode diffusion layer 204; the cathode side of the membrane electrode 202 is in close contact with the cathode diffusion layer 204; the cathode diffusion layer 204 has an asymmetric gradient pore size and hydrogen selective separation function, and is used for in-situ selective separation and preliminary purification of hydrogen.
[0039] For example, a cathode diffusion layer 204 integrating reaction and separation is tightly integrated on the cathode side of the membrane electrode 202 of the anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit 102.
[0040] In practical applications, the cathode diffusion layer 204 can be made of porous functional material with a thickness of 0.5-2 mm and a pore size range that can be controlled within 10-500 nm. During system operation, the micro-positive pressure generated by the electrolysis process itself can be used as a driving force to enable the wet hydrogen gas generated at the cathode to selectively separate from liquid water and other impurities when passing through the porous functional material, based on its specific pore size distribution and surface characteristics.
[0041] It is understood that through the above-mentioned integrated structure, this application can perform in-situ preliminary purification of hydrogen gas generated during the electrolysis reaction, so that the hydrogen gas flux is stabilized in the range of 5-10L / (m²·min), and the water vapor content in the outlet hydrogen gas is effectively reduced to below 100ppm, thereby significantly simplifying the system structure and reducing the load of subsequent purification units and the overall operating energy consumption.
[0042] In one embodiment, the membrane electrode 202 is a three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode; the ionomer content of the membrane binding region, transition region and catalytic reaction region of the three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode forms a continuous gradient distribution.
[0043] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the composition of the three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode changes continuously from the anion exchange membrane to the catalyst layer (there may be no clear physical interface).
[0044] In some examples, the three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode can be prepared using a multilayer co-spraying process. Specifically, by precisely controlling the slurry concentration, the ionomer content in the membrane bonding region, transition region, and catalytic reaction region of the membrane electrode 202 can be gradient-distributed to 70-80%, 50-60%, and 30-40%, respectively. It is understood that through the continuous gradient of the composition and structure of the membrane electrode 202, the interlayer interfaces can be effectively eliminated, thereby achieving uniform stress distribution and minimizing ion transport resistance.
[0045] In one embodiment, a micro-fiber sensor network is integrated within the three-dimensional gradient film electrode to monitor the strain, temperature, and chemical expansion state inside the three-dimensional gradient film electrode.
[0046] It is understandable that, such as Figure 2 As shown, the sensor network integrated into the three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode can provide the corresponding hardware foundation for real-time sensing of the internal state of the membrane electrode, thus providing key support for improving the reliability, stability and service life of the membrane electrode.
[0047] In some embodiments, the miniature fiber optic sensor network is a fiber Bragg grating sensor for monitoring the properties of the membrane electrode, and the distribution of the fiber Bragg grating sensors can include various regions of the membrane electrode. In practical applications, the distribution of the fiber optic sensors can be as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the data monitored by the fiber Bragg grating sensor can include micro-strain, local temperature, and chemical expansion, which enables predictive maintenance and adaptive control of the system.
[0048] Furthermore, the miniature fiber optic sensor network consists of fiber Bragg grating sensors covering different functional regions of the contact membrane electrode, specifically distributed across the membrane electrode reaction area. For example, in a 100cm... 2 Within the effective reaction area, a total of 25 sensing points can be arranged in a grid pattern with a spacing of 20 mm, evenly distributed throughout the entire membrane electrode reaction region. It should be noted that the fiber Bragg grating sensor has a diameter of only 125 μm, and a wavelength resolution of up to 1 pm can be achieved using an external dedicated demodulator.
[0049] This application constructs a complete internal condition monitoring network by deploying sensor arrays in the aforementioned key functional areas, enabling the simultaneous acquisition of multi-dimensional physical quantity data such as microscopic strain (resolution 1 με), local temperature (resolution 0.1 °C), and chemical expansion. Transmitting this high-precision data to the intelligent control unit 106 in real time allows the system to accurately locate and warn of early abnormal conditions, thereby achieving a fundamental shift from "post-fault maintenance" to "predictive maintenance" and effectively avoiding irreversible damage to the membrane electrode.
[0050] In one embodiment, the cathode diffusion layer 204 includes a porous hydrophobic substrate and a hydrogen selective separation membrane formed on the porous hydrophobic substrate.
[0051] Among them, the porous hydrophobic matrix has an asymmetric gradient pore size structure; the asymmetric gradient pore size structure means that the macroporous structure near the catalyst side gradually transitions to the fine microporous structure of the separation membrane layer; the porous hydrophobic matrix is a nickel-based porous hydrophobic matrix or a carbon-based porous hydrophobic matrix.
[0052] For example, the cathode diffusion layer 204 may be composed of a nickel-based porous hydrophobic matrix or a carbon-based porous hydrophobic matrix, and an ultrathin hydrogen selective separation membrane formed on the matrix.
[0053] It should be noted that the nickel-based porous hydrophobic matrix or the carbon-based porous hydrophobic matrix is specifically designed to have an asymmetric gradient pore size structure. This structure is characterized by a gradual and continuous transition from a macroporous structure of about 50 μm near the catalyst side to a fine microporous structure of about 100 nm in the separated film layer. In practical applications, this structure can be achieved by tape casting combined with a sintering process that controls the particle size and distribution of the pore-forming agent.
[0054] Understandably, the aforementioned asymmetric gradient pore structure utilizes the changes in pore size from macroscopic to microscopic, as well as the differences in capillary forces brought about by different pore sizes, to achieve synergistic function: the macropore region ensures high throughput and low resistance escape of the generated gas; while the fine micropore region provides high-efficiency gas-liquid separation precision and selectivity, thus achieving a balance between high throughput and high purification efficiency overall.
[0055] In one embodiment, the hydrogen selective separation membrane is a zeolite imidazole ester framework molecular sieve membrane or a palladium-based composite membrane with palladium nanoparticles loaded on its surface.
[0056] It should be noted that when a palladium-based composite membrane is used for hydrogen selective separation, palladium nanoparticles are loaded on its surface to generate a hydrogen pump effect, thereby enhancing the hydrogen mass transfer dynamics and improving the purification efficiency.
[0057] Optionally, the zeolite imidazolate framework molecular sieve membrane can be a ZIF-8 zeolite imidazolate framework molecular sieve membrane. In practical applications, when the ZIF-8 zeolite imidazolate framework molecular sieve membrane is used for hydrogen selective separation, its thickness is controlled at 2-5 μm, and its precise pore size of approximately 0.34 nm achieves efficient separation by sieving hydrogen molecules (kinetic diameter approximately 0.289 nm) according to their size.
[0058] In some examples, when palladium-based composite membranes are used as hydrogen selective separation membranes, the mass transfer kinetics of hydrogen are significantly enhanced by utilizing the "hydrogen pump" effect of palladium through palladium nanoparticles loaded on its surface. This effect is achieved by dissociating hydrogen molecules into hydrogen atoms on the palladium surface, passing through the palladium lattice, and then recombining them into hydrogen molecules.
[0059] In practical applications, at an operating temperature of 80℃, both molecular sieve membranes and palladium composite membranes can achieve a hydrogen / nitrogen separation selectivity of over 100, and the hydrogen flux can exceed 10 m³ / (m²·h·bar), thus ensuring high purification efficiency while meeting the system's processing capacity requirements.
[0060] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen purification unit 104 is a single-stage coupled low-pressure drop purification tank. The interior of the single-stage coupled low-pressure drop purification tank is provided with a catalytic oxygen removal layer 402 and a deep dehydration layer 404 in sequence along the airflow direction. The catalytic oxygen removal layer 402 is used to remove trace amounts of oxygen from the hydrogen. The deep dehydration layer 404 is used to adsorb and remove water molecules from the hydrogen.
[0061] In practical applications, the primary coupling design of the hydrogen purification unit 104 can reduce pressure drop by optimizing the flow channel and packing arrangement, and ensure the sequential execution of catalytic deoxygenation and deep dehydration, thereby ensuring the final hydrogen quality.
[0062] In one embodiment, the catalyst for the catalytic deoxygenation layer 402 includes a platinum single-atom catalyst anchored on a metal-organic framework material.
[0063] The adsorbent in the deep dehydration layer 404 includes a composite aerogel adsorbent made of metal-organic framework materials and graphene.
[0064] It should be noted that for the catalytic deoxygenation layer 402, platinum is highly dispersed in single-atom form on the MOF (Metal-Organic Frameworks) support, with the loading controlled at 0.5 wt%, which provides nearly 100% atomic utilization and high-density active sites.
[0065] For the deep dehydration layer 404, the three-dimensional aerogel structure formed by MOF and graphene composite inherits the high specific surface area (800-1000 m²) of MOF materials. 2 The material possesses the advantages of a uniform pore size (2-10 nm) and the excellent mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of graphene. Its water absorption capacity can reach 80% of its own weight, and its regeneration temperature (150-200℃) is relatively lower than that of traditional adsorbents. Through the above materials, the embodiments of this application achieve effective control of catalyst costs and a significant improvement in adsorbent regeneration efficiency.
[0066] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the system also includes an intelligent control unit 106; the intelligent control unit 106 is connected to the electrolysis cell unit and the hydrogen purification unit 104 respectively;
[0067] The intelligent control unit 106 includes a digital twin system 602, which contains virtual models corresponding to each physical entity of the water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification system.
[0068] For example, the digital twin system 602 of the intelligent control unit 106 includes a virtual model that integrates an electrochemical mechanism model, a decay physics model, and a machine learning proxy model.
[0069] Furthermore, the electrochemical mechanism model, based on the finite element method, can accurately describe the electrochemical reactions and mass transfer processes within the electrolytic cell. The decay physical model, based on the Arrhenius equation and other methods, can predict the performance degradation patterns of the membrane and catalyst during long-term operation. The machine learning surrogate model, on the other hand, can utilize historical operating data and algorithms such as LSTM to quickly predict the instantaneous response of the system under fluctuating operating conditions. It is understandable that through the deep fusion and collaborative computing of multiple models, the digital twin system 602 can achieve accurate simulation and prediction of the system's macroscopic performance and microscopic state, thus laying the foundation for subsequent intelligent decision-making and control.
[0070] In some possible implementations, the digital twin system 602 can be configured to receive external data and internal sensor data, and output optimized control commands for the operating parameters of the electrolyzer unit; wherein, the external data includes weather forecast data, grid electricity price data, and hydrogen demand command data.
[0071] For example, external data may include, but is not limited to, weather forecast data for the next few hours (for predicting renewable energy power), real-time changing grid electricity price data, and downstream user hydrogen demand command data; internal sensor data comes from micro fiber optic sensor networks and other system sensors.
[0072] In practical applications, the system acquires external data at fixed intervals and collects internal sensor data at fixed intervals. Based on this multi-source heterogeneous data, the digital twin system 602 can use optimization algorithms (such as reinforcement learning algorithms) to perform rolling optimization calculations and finally output the optimal set values of operating parameters such as current density and operating temperature, thereby achieving global control over the efficiency, lifespan and economy of the hydrogen production and purification system.
[0073] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the intelligent control unit 106 also includes a stress relief control module 604; when the stress relief control module 604 detects abnormal interface stress of the membrane electrode 202, it automatically triggers the stress relief operation mode to adjust the current density and humidity parameters of the membrane electrode 202 to relieve the interface stress of the membrane electrode 202.
[0074] For example, when the system detects a strain change rate exceeding 0.1% / min or a local temperature gradient greater than 5℃ / cm using a fiber optic sensor, it determines that the interface stress is abnormal. At this time, the stress release control module 604 will respond within 1 second, automatically reducing the current density of the electrolytic cell by 20-30% and simultaneously adjusting the intake air humidity parameters. In practical applications, the above-mentioned stress release triggering operation mode can continue for 5-10 minutes until the monitoring data indicates that the abnormal stress state has been completely relieved. It is understandable that this proactive and adaptive protection mechanism can effectively enhance the system's operational resilience and reliability under harsh or fluctuating conditions.
[0075] It should be noted that, compared with traditional methods, the water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification system provided in this application has the following advantages:
[0076] ① This application constructs an integrated reaction and separation system architecture by integrating a cathode diffusion layer 204 with asymmetric gradient pore size and hydrogen selective separation function on the cathode side of the membrane electrode 202, thereby achieving deep coupling of the electrolysis and preliminary purification processes at the source. This application not only utilizes electrolysis micro-positive pressure to drive separation, eliminating the need for traditional pre-purification equipment and significantly reducing system complexity and energy consumption, but also, through gradient pore size and molecular sieving, and hydrogen pump effect, ensures high hydrogen flux while directly obtaining high-purity, low-water-content hydrogen from the cathode outlet, laying the foundation for subsequent fine treatment.
[0077] ② This application achieves real-time sensing of the internal health status of the membrane electrode 202, accurate prediction of future performance degradation, and proactive intervention in operational risks by pre-embedding a micro-fiber sensor network within the three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode and constructing a digital twin intelligent control system that integrates a multiphysics model and external data. In this way, the system can adaptively adjust to the optimal operating point based on renewable energy fluctuations and market demand, and instantly trigger a protection mechanism upon detecting stress anomalies, achieving the technical effects of long lifespan, high reliability, and low cost.
[0078] In one exemplary embodiment, this application provides a hydrogen production device, which includes an electrolytic water hydrogen production and purification system as described in any of the preceding system embodiments.
[0079] It is understood that the solutions provided in this application are similar to the solutions described above from the perspective of the water electrolysis hydrogen purification system. Therefore, the specific limitations of this application can be found in the limitations of the various water electrolysis hydrogen purification system embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.
[0080] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.
[0081] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification system, characterized in that, The system includes an anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit and a hydrogen purification unit; The anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit is used to electrolyze deionized water to generate hydrogen gas. The hydrogen purification unit is connected to the cathode outlet of the anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit and is used to perform deep purification of the hydrogen. The anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell unit includes a membrane electrode and a cathode diffusion layer; the cathode side of the membrane electrode is in close contact with the cathode diffusion layer; the cathode diffusion layer has an asymmetric gradient pore size and hydrogen selective separation function, which is used to perform in-situ selective separation and preliminary purification of the hydrogen.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane electrode is a three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode; the ionomer content in the membrane binding region, transition region and catalytic reaction region of the three-dimensional gradient membrane electrode forms a continuous gradient distribution.
3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The three-dimensional gradient film electrode integrates a micro-fiber sensor network, which is used to monitor the strain, temperature and chemical expansion state inside the three-dimensional gradient film electrode.
4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode diffusion layer includes a porous hydrophobic substrate and a hydrogen selective separation membrane formed on the porous hydrophobic substrate; The porous hydrophobic matrix has an asymmetric gradient pore size structure; the asymmetric gradient pore size structure represents a gradual transition from a macroporous structure near the catalyst side to a fine microporous structure of the separation membrane layer; the porous hydrophobic matrix is a nickel-based porous hydrophobic matrix or a carbon-based porous hydrophobic matrix.
5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydrogen selective separation membrane is a zeolite imidazole ester framework molecular sieve membrane or a palladium-based composite membrane with palladium nanoparticles loaded on its surface.
6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen purification unit is a single-stage coupled low-pressure-drop purification tank. The interior of the single-stage coupled low-pressure-drop purification tank is provided with a catalytic deoxygenation layer and a deep dehydration layer in sequence along the airflow direction. The catalytic deoxygenation layer is used to remove trace amounts of oxygen from the hydrogen; the deep dehydration layer is used to adsorb and remove water molecules from the hydrogen.
7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The catalyst for the catalytic deoxygenation layer includes a platinum single-atom catalyst anchored on a metal-organic framework material. The adsorbent in the deep dehydration layer includes a composite aerogel adsorbent made of metal-organic framework materials and graphene.
8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The system also includes an intelligent control unit; the intelligent control unit is connected to the electrolysis cell unit and the hydrogen purification unit respectively; The intelligent control unit includes a digital twin system, which contains virtual models corresponding to each physical entity of the water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification system.
9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent control unit also includes a stress relief control module; When the stress relief control module detects abnormal interfacial stress of the membrane electrode, it automatically triggers the stress relief operation mode to adjust the current density and humidity parameters of the membrane electrode to alleviate the interfacial stress of the membrane electrode.
10. A hydrogen production device, characterized in that, The device includes the water electrolysis hydrogen production and purification system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.