Cold patching and repairing method for asphalt pavement potholes

Abstract

The invention provides an asphalt pavement pit slot cold patching repairing method, and relates to the technical field of pit slot repairing, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out pit slot space cleaning on a pavement pit slot, carrying out pit slot boundary shaping based on a pit slot space cleaning result, determining a main body pressure bearing area, determining an edge load avoiding area based on the main body pressure bearing area, and carrying out layout adaptation confirmation on the edge load avoiding area. A sacrificial core arrangement position is arranged in an edge load avoiding area on the outer side of a main body pressure bearing area, the sacrificial core arrangement position is communicated with a low-position communication area and a lateral release area in a pit slot, and then a withdrawable sacrificial core is pulled away after a cold patch restoration body reaches an initial stable state, so that a hidden capillary pressure relief channel is formed; therefore, moisture, water vapor pressure and trace free water accumulated in the restoration body can be continuously released outwards, and the problems that after existing pit slot cold repairing, internal water vapor is not prone to being discharged, and stripping and secondary damage are prone to being caused are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pothole repair technology. Specifically, it relates to a cold patching method for repairing potholes in asphalt pavements. Background Technology

[0002] Cold patching repair of potholes in asphalt pavements is mainly aimed at the rapid treatment of local potholes on roads. It usually requires pothole cleaning, material filling and repair body forming to be completed within a short construction period in order to restore the road surface traffic capacity. For this application scenario, the claims of this document construct a technical route with edge load avoidance zone, sacrificial core placement position, removable sacrificial core and hidden capillary pressure relief channel, which belongs to the structural improvement cold patching repair scheme in the field of pothole repair technology.

[0003] Existing cold patch repair methods for potholes tend to focus on surface filling and sealing. After repair, moisture, water vapor pressure, and trace amounts of free water in the low-lying areas inside the pothole are not easy to continuously move outward. During long-term service, this can easily induce peeling, loosening, frost heave, and secondary damage. At the same time, if an exposed orifice or a surface-penetrating venting method is used, it can easily disrupt the continuous sealing state of the repaired surface and increase the risk of external liquid water flowing back into the repair. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a cold patching method for asphalt pavement potholes. This method involves pre-setting sacrificial core placement positions and lateral release zones within the edge load-avoidance zone outside the main bearing area. After the cold patch reaches its initial stable state, the removable sacrificial core is removed, forming a hidden capillary pressure relief channel connecting the low-level connecting zone inside the pothole and the lateral release zone. This allows for the continuous release of moisture, water vapor pressure, and trace amounts of free water inside the patch without penetrating the repair surface, while reducing the impact of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel on the overall bearing capacity of the main bearing area.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for cold patching repair of potholes in asphalt pavement includes the following steps: Step S100: Clean the pothole space on the road surface, shape the pothole boundary based on the pothole space cleaning result, determine the main bearing area, determine the edge load avoidance area based on the main bearing area, and confirm the layout and adaptation of the edge load avoidance area.

[0006] Step S200: Based on the edge load avoidance area, a sacrificial core placement position is formed, and the low-level connection area inside the pit is determined. Based on the sacrificial core placement position, the tapered placement outline and guide slope are determined. Based on the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position, a lateral release area is formed, and the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area are concealedly connected. Concealed guide adaptation confirmation is performed based on the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area.

[0007] Step S300: Based on the placement of the sacrificial core, a removable sacrificial core is implanted and a gradient flow-guiding occupancy structure is formed. A microscale flow-guiding surface is formed based on the removable sacrificial core, while retaining the capillary flow-guiding interface morphology. The removable sacrificial core is used for extraction, reservation, and positioning fixation.

[0008] Step S400: Layered filling is performed based on the removable sacrificial core, and a continuous covering structure is formed inside the pit space. The covering stability is controlled based on the continuous covering structure, and the removable sacrificial core is kept hidden and buried. The upper surface of the repair is formed based on the surface shaping of the repair body, and the axial removal conditions of the removable sacrificial core are preserved.

[0009] Step S500: Determine the timing of removing the removable sacrificial core based on the initial stable state of the cold patch repair body, and remove the removable sacrificial core as a whole along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position. Based on the removal position of the removable sacrificial core, a hidden capillary pressure relief channel is formed, and the gradually narrowing guide structure and directional connection relationship of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel are maintained.

[0010] Step S600: Long-term service pressure relief is carried out based on the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, and the main pressure-bearing area structure is kept stable. The upper surface is kept closed based on the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, and a long-term service state is formed where external liquid water is suppressed from backflow.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S100 specifically comprises: Step S100.1: Clean the pothole space on the road surface, shape the pothole boundary based on the pothole space cleaning result, and determine the main bearing area.

[0012] Step S100.2: Determine the edge load-avoidance zone based on the main pressure-bearing zone, and confirm the layout and adaptation of the edge load-avoidance zone.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S200 specifically comprises: Step S200.1: Based on the edge load avoidance zone, form the sacrificial core placement position and determine the low-level connected area inside the pit. Based on the sacrificial core placement position, determine the tapered placement outline and guide slope.

[0014] Step S200.2: Form a lateral release area based on the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position, and make the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area covertly connected, and perform covert guidance adaptation confirmation based on the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S300 specifically comprises: Step S300.1: Implant a removable sacrificial core based on the sacrificial core placement position, and form a gradient flow guiding occupancy structure.

[0016] Step S300.2: Form a microscale flow guiding surface based on the removable sacrificial core, and retain the capillary flow guiding interface morphology. Perform extraction, reservation and positioning fixation based on the removable sacrificial core.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S400 specifically includes: Step S400.1: Based on the removable sacrificial core, perform layered filling and form a continuous covering structure inside the pit space. Based on the continuous covering structure, perform covering stability control and keep the removable sacrificial core in a hidden buried state.

[0018] Step S400.2: Based on the surface shaping of the repair body, a repair upper surface is formed, while retaining the axial removal conditions for the removable sacrificial core.

[0019] After the stable coating zone is formed, the upper part of the cold patch repair material is leveled so that the cold patch repair material forms the repair upper surface. The height difference between the repair upper surface and the original road surface is set to -1 mm to +2 mm to keep the repair upper surface and the original road surface in a smooth connection state.

[0020] During the surface shaping process, the location of the pre-removed part is kept identifiable. An operating gap of 1 mm to 4 mm is maintained on the outside of the pre-removed part. The operating gap extends along the axial removal direction of the removable sacrificial core, so that the removable sacrificial core can be completely removed along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position after the cold patch repair material reaches the initial stable state.

[0021] When the cold patch repair material reaches its initial stable state, no cracks extending along the axial direction of the removable sacrificial core appear on the repair surface, no loose edges appear around the pre-removed portion, and no open channels extend to the top of the removable sacrificial core. This ensures that the hidden capillary pressure relief channels remain unexposed until the removable sacrificial core is subsequently removed, and the cold patch repair layer is fully encapsulated and formed.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S500 specifically comprises: Step S500.1: Determine the timing of removing the removable sacrificial core based on the initial stable state of the cold patch repair, and remove the removable sacrificial core as a whole along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position.

[0023] Step S500.2: Based on the extraction position of the extractable sacrificial core, a hidden capillary pressure relief channel is formed, and the gradually narrowing flow guiding structure and directional connectivity of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel are maintained.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S600 specifically comprises: Step S600.1: Long-term service pressure relief is carried out based on the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, and the structural stability of the main pressure-bearing area is maintained.

[0025] Step S600.2: Based on the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, maintain the closed state of the repaired upper surface and form a long-term service state in which the external liquid water is suppressed from backflow.

[0026] The hidden capillary pressure relief channel does not penetrate the repaired upper surface. The outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is located inside the lateral release area and outside the position where the vehicle wheel load usually passes, so that the repaired upper surface remains continuously closed during long-term service.

[0027] The gradual narrowing of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel and the capillary interface morphology of the inner wall of the channel work together to slowly release moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amounts of free water in the low-level connected area inside the pit along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, while suppressing the speed at which external liquid water enters the hidden capillary pressure relief channel in the opposite direction.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By arranging sacrificial core placement positions in the edge load-avoidance zone outside the main pressure-bearing area, and connecting the sacrificial core placement positions to the low-level connecting zone and the lateral release zone inside the pit, and then removing the removable sacrificial core after the cold-patch repair body reaches the initial stable state, a hidden capillary pressure relief channel is formed. This allows the accumulated moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amounts of free water inside the repair body to be continuously released to the outside, solving the problem that existing pit cold-patch repairs are prone to water vapor discharge, peeling and secondary damage.

[0029] 2. The hidden capillary pressure relief channel formed does not penetrate the repaired upper surface, and the outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is located inside the lateral release area and avoids the position where vehicle wheels usually pass. This allows the repaired upper surface to remain continuously closed during long-term service, avoiding the problem that existing exposed drainage holes or surface pressure relief holes can easily become new water inlets and new sources of damage, thus taking into account both internal pressure relief function and surface integrity.

[0030] 3. Through the tapered cross-section and micro-scale flow-guiding texture of the removable sacrificial core, a hidden capillary pressure relief channel with a tapered flow-guiding structure and capillary flow interface morphology is formed after removal. This makes it easier for moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amounts of free water inside the repair body to slowly move outward along the channel to the lateral release area. At the same time, it suppresses the speed at which external liquid water enters the hidden capillary pressure relief channel in the opposite direction. Furthermore, since the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is located in the edge load-avoidance area, it can also reduce the impact on the overall load-bearing performance of the main pressure-bearing area. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a cold patching method for repairing potholes in asphalt pavement, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This application provides a flowchart of a method for cold patching repair of potholes in asphalt pavement.

[0034] In this embodiment, a cold patching repair method for potholes in asphalt pavement may include steps S100, S200, S300, S400, S500 and S600.

[0035] The pit space is cleared, the pit boundary is shaped based on the clearing results, the main bearing pressure zone is determined, the edge load avoidance zone is determined based on the main bearing pressure zone, and the edge load avoidance zone is deployed and confirmed.

[0036] Step S200: Based on the edge load avoidance area, a sacrificial core placement position is formed, and the low-level connection area inside the pit is determined. Based on the sacrificial core placement position, the tapered placement outline and guide slope are determined. Based on the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position, a lateral release area is formed, and the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area are concealedly connected. Concealed guide adaptation confirmation is performed based on the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area.

[0037] Step S300: Based on the placement of the sacrificial core, a removable sacrificial core is implanted and a gradient flow-guiding occupancy structure is formed. A microscale flow-guiding surface is formed based on the removable sacrificial core, while retaining the capillary flow-guiding interface morphology. The removable sacrificial core is used for extraction, reservation, and positioning fixation.

[0038] Step S400: Layered filling is performed based on the removable sacrificial core, and a continuous covering structure is formed inside the pit space. The covering stability is controlled based on the continuous covering structure, and the removable sacrificial core is kept hidden and buried. The upper surface of the repair is formed based on the surface shaping of the repair body, and the axial removal conditions of the removable sacrificial core are preserved.

[0039] Step S500: Determine the timing of removing the removable sacrificial core based on the initial stable state of the cold patch repair body, and remove the removable sacrificial core as a whole along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position. Based on the removal position of the removable sacrificial core, a hidden capillary pressure relief channel is formed, and the gradually narrowing guide structure and directional connection relationship of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel are maintained.

[0040] Step S600: Long-term service pressure relief is carried out based on the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, and the main pressure-bearing area structure is kept stable. The upper surface is kept closed based on the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, and a long-term service state is formed where external liquid water is suppressed from backflow.

[0041] In some specific embodiments, step S100 specifically includes: Step S100.1: Clean the pothole space on the road surface, shape the pothole boundary based on the pothole space cleaning result, and determine the main bearing area.

[0042] Loose aggregate, free water, and stripped asphalt layers inside the potholes are removed until the bottom and sidewalls of the potholes expose the stable base layer or the bond surface of the original stable pavement. The threshold for the residual water thickness at the bottom of the potholes is set at 1 mm. If the residual water thickness at the bottom of the potholes is higher than 1 mm, drainage treatment continues until the residual water thickness at the bottom of the potholes is lower than or equal to 1 mm.

[0043] The removal of the stripped asphalt layer inside the pothole extends to the point where the bond loosening ends. The point where the bond loosening ends is determined by the absence of continuous flaking after manual scraping, thus forming a pothole space with clear boundaries, a clean interior, and easy filling with subsequent cold patch repair materials.

[0044] The sidewalls of the pit are shaped along the circumferential boundary of the pit space, so that the inclination angle of the sidewalls is set between 70 and 90 degrees. The bottom surface of the pit remains a continuous support surface. A transition zone is formed between the bottom of the pit and the sidewalls of the pit. The width of the transition zone is set between 10 mm and 30 mm, which provides a continuous layout for the positioning of the edge load avoidance zone.

[0045] When the original road surface pothole has outward turning, chipped edges, or suspended edges, continue cutting along the outward turning, chipped edges, or suspended edges until the pothole's circumferential boundary forms a complete closed boundary. This gives the pothole space a clear length direction, width direction, and depth direction, and makes the transition zone between the pothole bottom and the pothole sidewall identifiable.

[0046] The main pressure zone is determined based on the top outline of the pothole, the length and width of the pothole, the usual vehicle wheel load positions, and the main force projection area of ​​the wheel after repair.

[0047] The main pressure-bearing area is located in the middle of the top projection of the pit space. The area ratio of the main pressure-bearing area in the top projection of the pit space is set to 40% to 70%. An edge identification zone is retained between the outer boundary of the main pressure-bearing area and the circumferential boundary of the pit. The width of the edge identification zone is set to 10 mm to 35 mm.

[0048] The main pressure-bearing area is used to correspond to the main pressure-bearing position formed inside the pothole space by the main force projection area of ​​the wheel rolling after the repair is completed. This separates the area that will bear the main vehicle load from the pothole space and prevents the subsequent hidden capillary pressure relief channels from being laid into the main pressure-bearing area.

[0049] Step S100.2: Determine the edge load-avoidance zone based on the main pressure-bearing zone, and confirm the layout and adaptation of the edge load-avoidance zone.

[0050] Offset 10 mm to 35 mm inward from the circumferential boundary of the pit to form an annular initial edge zone. Select a low-stress area from the annular initial edge zone that coincides with the transition zone between the bottom and sidewall of the pit as the edge load-avoidance zone. The edge load-avoidance zone is located outside the main bearing area and inside the transition zone between the bottom and sidewall of the pit. In terms of depth, the edge load-avoidance zone is preferably selected as a continuous area within 0 mm to 20 mm above the bottom of the pit and within 30% of the height of the sidewall of the pit.

[0051] When there are obvious low-level moisture accumulation locations in the pit space, the edge load avoidance zone should be further selected to be a continuous area close to the obvious low-level moisture accumulation location, so that the inner end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel can be preferentially close to the moisture accumulation location and the trace free water accumulation location. The edge load avoidance zone must not intersect with the main pressure bearing area, and a structural isolation zone of not less than 8 mm should be maintained between the edge load avoidance zone and the main pressure bearing area, so as to ensure that the subsequent hidden capillary pressure relief channel is laid in a non-main load bearing location.

[0052] The continuous length, continuous width, and positional stability of the edge load avoidance zone are confirmed. The threshold for the continuous length of the edge load avoidance zone is set at 40 mm, and the threshold for the continuous width of the edge load avoidance zone is set at 8 mm. When the continuous length of the edge load avoidance zone is less than 40 mm or the continuous width of the edge load avoidance zone is less than 8 mm, the boundary of the main bearing area is readjusted or a low-stress area in the transition zone between the bottom of the pit and the sidewall of the pit is reselected until the edge load avoidance zone meets the subsequent conditions for the installation of the sacrificial core that can be extracted.

[0053] After the edge load avoidance zone is confirmed by the deployment and adaptation, it serves as the location for implanting the removable sacrificial core and forming the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, thereby completing the pit pretreatment and edge load avoidance zone determination.

[0054] In some specific embodiments, step S200 specifically includes: Step S200.1: Based on the edge load avoidance zone, form the sacrificial core placement position and determine the low-level connected area inside the pit. Based on the sacrificial core placement position, determine the tapered placement outline and guide slope.

[0055] Sacrificial core placement positions are formed along the continuous extension direction of the edge load avoidance zone. The sacrificial core placement positions are set in the transition zone between the bottom of the pit and the side wall of the pit. The inner end of the sacrificial core placement position extends towards the interior of the pit space, and the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position extends towards the circumferential boundary of the pit.

[0056] Inside the pit space, the low-level connecting zone inside the pit is determined based on the local lowest elevation position of the bottom surface of the pit space and the location of the residual wet film concentration. The low-level connecting zone inside the pit is set within a range of 5 mm to 20 mm around the obvious low-level wet accumulation position.

[0057] A connection is formed between the inner end of the sacrificial core placement location and the low-level connecting area inside the pit.

[0058] The elevation difference between the inner starting position of the sacrificial core placement location and the local lowest elevation position of the bottom surface of the pit space is set to 3 mm to 15 mm. When the elevation difference between the inner starting position of the sacrificial core placement location and the local lowest elevation position of the bottom surface of the pit space is less than 3 mm, the inner end of the sacrificial core placement location continues to extend along the edge load avoidance area into the pit space until the inner end of the sacrificial core placement location forms a stable connection with the low-level communication area inside the pit.

[0059] An 8-25 mm boundary gap is maintained between the centerline of the sacrificial core placement location and the circumferential boundary of the pit, so that the sacrificial core placement location is always located outside the main bearing area, thereby keeping the implantation location of the removable sacrificial core in a non-main bearing position.

[0060] A tapered layout profile is formed along the direction from the inner end of the sacrificial core placement position to the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position.

[0061] The inner width of the sacrificial core placement position is set to 6 mm to 18 mm, the outer width of the sacrificial core placement position is set to 2 mm to 10 mm, and the width ratio of the inner width of the sacrificial core placement position to the outer width of the sacrificial core placement position is set to 1.25 to 5.

[0062] The groove depth for the sacrificial core placement is set to 4 mm to 15 mm. The sacrificial core placement position is 2 mm to 12 mm lower than the original pavement surface in the depth direction, so that the sacrificial core placement position is located below the repair surface formed by the subsequent cold patch repair material after filling. The guide slope of the sacrificial core placement position is specifically characterized as follows: In the formula, This indicates the guide slope for the placement of the sacrificial core. This indicates the elevation of the outer end of the sacrificial core deployment location. This indicates the elevation of the inner end of the sacrificial core deployment location. This indicates the effective length of the sacrificial core deployment position.

[0063] The guide slope of the sacrificial core placement position is set to 1% to 8%, and the elevation of the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position is higher than the elevation of the inner end of the sacrificial core placement position. This causes the moisture, water vapor pressure and trace free water in the low-level connected area inside the pit to form a directional migration trend from the inner end of the sacrificial core placement position to the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position.

[0064] When there is a bend in the planar profile of the edge load avoidance area, the center line of the sacrificial core placement position extends in a gentle bending guidance manner, and the included angle between two adjacent center lines of the sacrificial core placement position is set to 5 degrees to 25 degrees, so that the sacrificial core placement position maintains a continuous guiding state.

[0065] Step S200.2: Form a lateral release area based on the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position, and make the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area covertly connected, and perform covert guidance adaptation confirmation based on the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area.

[0066] A lateral release zone is formed inside the original pavement structure outside the circumferential boundary of the pothole, extending along the outer end of the sacrificial core placement location.

[0067] The horizontal distance between the lateral release zone and the circumferential boundary of the pit is set to 15 mm to 60 mm, the top burial depth of the lateral release zone is set to 3 mm to 12 mm, the longitudinal length of the lateral release zone is set to 12 mm to 40 mm, the lateral width of the lateral release zone is set to 4 mm to 15 mm, and the volume of the lateral release zone is set to 0.3 cubic centimeters to 4 cubic centimeters, so that the lateral release zone has a release space to receive trace amounts of moisture, water vapor pressure, and trace amounts of free water exported from the sacrificial core placement location.

[0068] The top projection of the lateral release zone is located outside the top outline of the pothole space. The top projection of the lateral release zone and the vehicle wheel load are usually offset in the plane. A concealed covering layer is retained between the lateral release zone and the original road surface. The thickness of the concealed covering layer is set to 2 mm to 8 mm so that the lateral release zone does not form an exposed opening on the original road surface.

[0069] A continuous transition section is formed between the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area. The length of the continuous transition section is set to 5 mm to 20 mm. The width of the continuous transition section transitions from the width of the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position to the lateral width of the lateral release area, so that a continuous concealed connection path is formed between the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area.

[0070] The effective deployment length of the sacrificial core deployment position, the gradual continuity of the sacrificial core deployment position, the guide slope of the sacrificial core deployment position, and the concealed coverage state of the lateral release area were adapted and confirmed. The effective deployment length of the sacrificial core deployment position was set to a threshold of 40 mm, and the ratio of the width reduction segment length of the sacrificial core deployment position to the effective deployment length of the sacrificial core deployment position was set to a threshold of 60%.

[0071] When the effective length of the sacrificial core placement position is less than 40 mm, the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position is extended along the edge load avoidance zone. When the length of the width reduction section of the sacrificial core placement position is less than 60% of the effective length of the sacrificial core placement position, the tapered placement profile of the sacrificial core placement position is readjusted. When the guide slope of the sacrificial core placement position is less than 1% or more than 8%, the elevation of the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position is readjusted. When the thickness of the concealed covering layer is less than 2 mm, the top burial depth of the lateral release zone is readjusted.

[0072] The sacrificial core placement location, confirmed by concealed guidance adaptation, serves as the pre-embedded placement path for the removable sacrificial core. The lateral release area, confirmed by concealed guidance adaptation, serves as the lateral release location for the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, and the construction of the sacrificial core placement location and lateral release area is completed.

[0073] In some specific embodiments, step S300 specifically includes: Step S300.1: Implant a removable sacrificial core based on the sacrificial core placement position, and form a gradient flow guiding occupancy structure.

[0074] A removable sacrificial core is implanted along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position. The removable sacrificial core is placed inside the sacrificial core placement position. The inner end of the removable sacrificial core extends into the low-level communication area inside the pit, and the outer end of the removable sacrificial core extends to the lateral release area, so that the removable sacrificial core forms a continuous occupancy path inside the pit space and between the lateral release area.

[0075] The removable sacrificial core is long and thin, and its core length is 1 to 5 millimeters shorter than the effective length of the sacrificial core placement position.

[0076] After the removable sacrificial core is implanted, an axial extraction gap is maintained. The removable sacrificial core forms a tapered cross section from the inner end to the outer end. The width of the inner end cross section of the removable sacrificial core is set to 5 mm to 16 mm, the width of the outer end cross section of the removable sacrificial core is set to 2 mm to 8 mm, the height of the inner end cross section of the removable sacrificial core is set to 3 mm to 10 mm, and the height of the outer end cross section of the removable sacrificial core is set to 1 mm to 6 mm.

[0077] The degree of cross-sectional gradient of the removable sacrificial core is characterized as follows: In the formula, This represents the gradient value of the cross-section of the removable sacrificial core. This indicates the width of the inner end cross-section of the removable sacrificial core. This indicates the height of the inner end section of the removable sacrificial core. This indicates the width of the outer end cross-section of the removable sacrificial core. This indicates the height of the outer end section of the removable sacrificial core. This indicates the effective core length from which the sacrificial core can be extracted.

[0078] The cross-sectional gradient value of the removable sacrificial core is set from 0.08 square millimeters per millimeter to 1.20 square millimeters per millimeter, so that after the removable sacrificial core is removed, a gradient channel profile is formed from the inside to the outside, so that the moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amount of free water released from the low-level connecting area inside the pit are gradually converged and guided along the lateral release direction.

[0079] Step S300.2: Form a microscale flow guiding surface based on the removable sacrificial core, and retain the capillary flow guiding interface morphology. Perform extraction, reservation and positioning fixation based on the removable sacrificial core.

[0080] Microscale flow-guiding patterns are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core. The microscale flow-guiding patterns extend continuously along the axial direction of the removable sacrificial core. The microscale flow-guiding patterns adopt a fine groove structure, a directional ridge structure, or a combination of fine grooves and directional ridges.

[0081] The depth of the micro-scale guiding texture is set to 0.10 mm to 1.20 mm, the spacing of the micro-scale guiding texture is set to 0.30 mm to 2.50 mm, and the angle between the micro-scale guiding texture and the axial centerline of the removable sacrificial core is set to 0 degrees to 20 degrees, so that the micro-scale guiding texture forms a directional guiding interface on the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core.

[0082] The surface coverage of microscale flow-guiding textures is characterized as follows: In the formula, Indicates the coverage of microscale flow guide patterns. This represents the total unfolded area of ​​the microscale flow-guiding patterns on the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core. This represents the total unfolded area of ​​the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core.

[0083] The coverage of the microscale flow-guiding texture is set to 25% to 75%, so that after the removable sacrificial core is covered by the subsequent cold patch repair material, a continuous fine-scale interface morphology is formed between the microscale flow-guiding texture and the cold patch repair material. After the removable sacrificial core is removed from the inside of the cold patch repair body, the continuous fine-scale interface morphology is retained on the inner wall of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, so that the hidden capillary pressure relief channel has both cavity flow-guiding function and capillary flow-guiding function.

[0084] At least one of the inner end and the outer end of the removable sacrificial core is formed with a removable pre-reservation portion. The removable pre-reservation portion extends toward the edge of the pit space or toward the adjacent position of the lateral release area. The reserved length of the removable pre-reservation portion is set to 8 mm to 25 mm, and the exposed thickness of the removable pre-reservation portion is set to 1 mm to 5 mm, so that the removable sacrificial core can be completely removed along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position after the subsequent cold patch repair material reaches the initial stable state.

[0085] A partial limiting and fixing part is provided along the length direction of the removable sacrificial core. The partial limiting and fixing part is located at the middle section and the outer end adjacent to the removable sacrificial core. A releasable connection relationship is formed between the partial limiting and fixing part and the removable sacrificial core. The single limiting length of the partial limiting and fixing part is set to 3 mm to 12 mm, and the distance between two adjacent partial limiting and fixing parts is set to 20 mm to 60 mm.

[0086] The local limiting and fixing part is used to limit the upward displacement and lateral shift of the removable sacrificial core during the cold patch repair material laying process. The threshold for the axial position offset of the removable sacrificial core is set at 2 mm. When the axial position offset of the removable sacrificial core is higher than 2 mm, the position of the local limiting and fixing part is readjusted. After positioning and fixing, the removable sacrificial core maintains axial continuity, cross-section gradient and surface texture integrity, and serves as a pre-occupied core for hiding capillary pressure relief channels, thus completing the implantation and positioning of the gradient flow-guiding sacrificial core.

[0087] In some specific embodiments, step S400 specifically includes: Step S400.1: Based on the removable sacrificial core, perform layered filling and form a continuous covering structure inside the pit space. Based on the continuous covering structure, perform covering stability control and keep the removable sacrificial core in a hidden buried state.

[0088] After the removable sacrificial core is implanted and positioned, cold patch repair material is filled into the pit space. The cold patch repair material is first filled into the bottom filling area between the bottom surface of the pit and the lower side of the removable sacrificial core, so that the cold patch repair material forms a bottom support layer on the bottom surface of the pit.

[0089] The filling thickness of the bottom support layer is set to 2 mm to 8 mm. The bottom support layer is continuously distributed along the length of the removable sacrificial core, so that the lower side of the removable sacrificial core is continuously supported, thereby preventing the removable sacrificial core from sinking or shifting when it is subsequently filled with cold patch repair material.

[0090] After the bottom support layer is formed, cold patch repair material is continued to be filled on both sides and the top of the removable sacrificial core. The cold patch repair material is gradually spread along the side wall of the pit, the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core and the adjacent position of the lateral release area, and forms a covering filling layer around the removable sacrificial core. The covering filling layer and the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core are kept in a close and covering state. The covering filling layer enters the surface uneven area corresponding to the micro-scale flow guide pattern, so that the micro-scale flow guide pattern forms a corresponding interface imprint morphology inside the cold patch repair material.

[0091] After the cold patch repair material is filled onto the upper side of the removable sacrificial core, the minimum coverage thickness between the upper surface of the removable sacrificial core and the subsequently formed repair upper surface is set to 8 mm to 25 mm, and the minimum lateral coverage thickness between the outer edge of the removable sacrificial core and the circumferential boundary of the pit is set to 5 mm to 20 mm, so that the removable sacrificial core is entirely inside the repair body formed by the cold patch repair material and is not directly connected to the repair upper surface.

[0092] After the cold patch repair material forms a continuous covering structure around the removable sacrificial core, the cold patch repair material is shaped and compacted to form a stable covering zone around the removable sacrificial core.

[0093] The stabilizing region extends continuously on both sides of the length of the removable sacrificial core. The minimum width of the stabilizing region on one side is set to 6 mm to 20 mm. The stabilizing region forms a covering stabilizing layer on the upper side of the removable sacrificial core. The thickness of the covering stabilizing layer is set to 8 mm to 25 mm.

[0094] During the formation of the stabilizing zone, the axial position offset of the removable sacrificial core is controlled within 2 mm, and the vertical upward floating amount of the removable sacrificial core is controlled within 1.5 mm, so that the removable sacrificial core continues to maintain the predetermined orientation, predetermined slope and predetermined cross-sectional gradual relationship consistent with the sacrificial core placement position.

[0095] After the cold patch repair material covers the removable sacrificial core, the outer surface of the removable sacrificial core is not exposed on the repair surface. The area above the lateral release zone is still shielded by the original pavement structure and the cold patch repair material, so that the drainage holes, pressure relief holes and through-type surface openings cannot be directly observed from the outside of the pothole space.

[0096] The hidden capillary pressure relief channel exists inside the restoration in a concealed position before the removable sacrificial core is removed. The cold patch material undertakes the function of shaping the restoration in this step, and the removable sacrificial core undertakes the function of pre-embedding and occupying space in this execution, but does not undertake the function of bearing the main body of the restoration.

[0097] Step S400.2: Based on the surface shaping of the repair body, a repair upper surface is formed, while retaining the axial removal conditions for the removable sacrificial core.

[0098] After the stable coating zone is formed, the upper part of the cold patch repair material is leveled so that the cold patch repair material forms the repair upper surface. The height difference between the repair upper surface and the original road surface is set to -1 mm to +2 mm to keep the repair upper surface and the original road surface in a smooth connection state.

[0099] During the surface shaping process, the location of the pre-removed part is kept identifiable. An operating gap of 1 mm to 4 mm is maintained on the outside of the pre-removed part. The operating gap extends along the axial removal direction of the removable sacrificial core, so that the removable sacrificial core can be completely removed along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position after the cold patch repair material reaches the initial stable state.

[0100] When the cold patch repair material reaches its initial stable state, no cracks extending along the axial direction of the removable sacrificial core appear on the repair surface, no loose edges appear around the pre-removed portion, and no open channels extend to the top of the removable sacrificial core. This ensures that the hidden capillary pressure relief channels remain unexposed until the removable sacrificial core is subsequently removed, and the cold patch repair layer is fully encapsulated and formed.

[0101] In some specific embodiments, step S500 specifically includes: Step S500.1: Determine the timing of removing the removable sacrificial core based on the initial stable state of the cold patch repair, and remove the removable sacrificial core as a whole along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position.

[0102] After the cold patch repair layer is formed, it is determined whether the cold patch repair has reached the initial stable state. The conditions for determining the initial stable state of the cold patch repair include: after applying a surface holding pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.20 MPa to the repair surface for 3 seconds, the indentation depth on the repair surface is set to be no more than 1.5 mm. When a test pull force of 8 N to 30 N is applied to the extraction reserve, the sacrificial core can be extracted and axial displacement of 1 mm to 8 mm can be generated. No cracking or edge collapse occurs in the adjacent area of ​​the repair surface and the extraction reserve.

[0103] Once the cold-patch repair reaches its initial stable state, an axial extraction force is applied to the extraction reserve along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position, causing the extractable sacrificial core to be extracted entirely from the inside of the cold-patch repair.

[0104] The directional deviation angle between the extraction direction of the removable sacrificial core and the center line direction of the sacrificial core placement position is set to 0 degrees to 10 degrees, and the extraction speed of the removable sacrificial core is set to 5 mm / s to 40 mm / s, so that the removable sacrificial core maintains a continuous extraction state during the extraction process.

[0105] During the removal of the removable sacrificial core, when the instantaneous removal resistance of the removable sacrificial core increases by 30% compared to the initial removal resistance, the removal is paused for 5 to 20 seconds before the axial removal force is applied again to reduce the risk of tearing of the inner wall of the cold patch repair.

[0106] After the removable sacrificial core is completely removed, the position originally occupied by the removable sacrificial core is transformed into a hidden capillary pressure relief channel.

[0107] Step S500.2: Based on the extraction position of the extractable sacrificial core, a hidden capillary pressure relief channel is formed, and the gradually narrowing flow guiding structure and directional connectivity of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel are maintained.

[0108] After the removable sacrificial core is removed from the cold-repaired restoration, the interface imprint morphology corresponding to the microscale flow-guiding pattern is retained on the inner wall of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. The inner end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel remains connected to the low-level communication area inside the pit, and the outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel remains connected to the lateral release area. This allows the hidden capillary pressure relief channel to form a directional migration pathway extending from the low-level communication area inside the pit towards the lateral release area within the cold-repaired restoration.

[0109] The degree of narrowing of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is characterized by: In the formula, This represents the channel taper value that hides the capillary pressure relief channel. This indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. This indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. This indicates the effective length of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel.

[0110] The channel taper value of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is set to 0.03 mm² / mm to 0.60 mm² / mm, so that the hidden capillary pressure relief channel forms a tapered channel structure with a larger inner cross-section and a smaller outer cross-section. The hidden capillary pressure relief channel does not penetrate the repaired upper surface. The outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is located inside the lateral release zone and outside the position where the vehicle wheel load usually passes. This allows the moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amounts of free water in the low-level connecting area inside the pit to migrate to the lateral release zone along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. At the same time, it prevents external liquid water from directly entering the hidden capillary pressure relief channel along the repaired upper surface, and completes the timed removal of the removable sacrificial core, thus forming the hidden capillary pressure relief channel.

[0111] In some specific embodiments, step S600 specifically includes: Step S600.1: Long-term service pressure relief is carried out based on the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, and the structural stability of the main pressure-bearing area is maintained.

[0112] After the repair body is put into use, the vehicle wheel load repeatedly acts on the repair surface. The low-level connecting area inside the pit and the adjacent area of ​​the inner end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel form a pressurized and wet area. The moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amounts of free water in the pressurized and wet area migrate to the lateral release area along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel.

[0113] The in-service pressure relief guidance value of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is characterized as follows: In the formula, This indicates the service pressure relief guide value for concealing capillary pressure relief channels. This indicates the accumulated pressure in the low-level connecting area inside the pit. This indicates the localized release pressure in the lateral release zone. This indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. This indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. This indicates the effective length of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel.

[0114] The service pressure relief guide value of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is set to be greater than 0. When the service pressure relief guide value of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is greater than 0, the moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amount of free water in the low-level connecting area inside the pit continuously move outward along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel to the lateral release area.

[0115] The hidden capillary pressure relief channel is set in the edge load avoidance zone, which is located outside the main pressure bearing zone. This ensures that the hidden capillary pressure relief channel remains in a state of avoiding the main pressure bearing zone during long-term service and reduces the impact of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel on the overall load bearing performance of the main pressure bearing zone.

[0116] Step S600.2: Based on the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, maintain the closed state of the repaired upper surface and form a long-term service state in which the external liquid water is suppressed from backflow.

[0117] The hidden capillary pressure relief channel does not penetrate the repaired upper surface. The outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is located inside the lateral release area and outside the position where the vehicle wheel load usually passes, so that the repaired upper surface remains continuously closed during long-term service.

[0118] The gradual narrowing of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel and the capillary interface morphology of the inner wall of the channel work together to slowly release moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amounts of free water in the low-level connected area inside the pit along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, while suppressing the speed at which external liquid water enters the hidden capillary pressure relief channel in the opposite direction.

[0119] While maintaining the integrity of the repaired surface, the restoration continuously releases internal moisture, water vapor pressure, and trace amounts of free water through hidden capillary pressure relief channels, reducing the risk of peeling, loosening, frost heave, and secondary damage caused by water vapor retention inside the restoration.

[0120] In practical application, the above-mentioned steps involve first removing loose aggregate, free water, and stripping the asphalt layer from a pothole with a depth of 45 mm, a top opening length of 320 mm, and a top opening width of 210 mm. This reduces the thickness of residual water at the bottom of the pothole to less than 1 mm. Then, the sidewalls of the pothole are shaped to form an inclination angle of 70 to 90 degrees, creating a transition zone between the bottom of the pothole and the sidewalls with a width of 10 to 30 mm. The main bearing area is determined based on 55% of the projected area of ​​the top opening of the pothole, and the edge load-avoidance zone is set outside the main bearing area, with a continuous length of 48 mm and a continuous width of 10 mm.

[0121] Next, a sacrificial core placement position is formed within the edge load avoidance zone. The sacrificial core placement position extends along the transition zone between the bottom of the pit and the sidewall of the pit, with the inner end facing the low-level connecting area inside the pit and the outer end facing the circumferential boundary of the pit. The low-level connecting area inside the pit is set within 10 mm around the obvious low-level wet accumulation position. The elevation difference between the inner end of the sacrificial core placement position and the local lowest elevation position is 6 mm. A boundary spacing of 12 mm is maintained between the centerline and the circumferential boundary of the pit. The width of the inner end of the sacrificial core placement position is 12 mm, the width of the outer end is 4 mm, and the guide slope is 3%.

[0122] Subsequently, a removable sacrificial core is implanted within the sacrificial core placement location. The effective core length of the removable sacrificial core is 3 mm shorter than the effective placement length of the sacrificial core placement location, thus preserving an axial removal gap. The inner end cross-sectional width of the removable sacrificial core is 10 mm, the outer end cross-sectional width is 4 mm, the inner end cross-sectional height is 6 mm, and the outer end cross-sectional height is 2 mm. A microscale guiding texture with a texture depth of 0.40 mm, a texture spacing of 1.20 mm, and a texture angle of 8 degrees is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core, and a 15 mm long removal reserve is formed at the outer end.

[0123] After the removable sacrificial core is positioned and fixed, cold patch repair material is filled into the pothole space. First, a bottom support layer with a thickness of 4 mm is formed on the lower side of the removable sacrificial core, and then a covering and filling layer is formed on both sides and the top side of the removable sacrificial core. The minimum covering thickness between the upper surface of the removable sacrificial core and the repair upper surface is 12 mm, and the minimum lateral covering thickness between the outer edge of the removable sacrificial core and the circumferential boundary of the pothole is 8 mm. After leveling, the repair upper surface is formed, and the height difference between the repair upper surface and the original road surface is controlled between 0 mm and 1 mm.

[0124] Then, after the cold-patch repair body is encapsulated and formed, a surface holding pressure of 0.10 MPa is applied to the upper surface of the repair and held for 3 seconds, with the indentation depth controlled at 1.0 mm. A trial pull of 15 N is applied to the pre-removed part, causing the removable sacrificial core to undergo a 4 mm axial trial displacement. The upper surface of the repair and the adjacent area of ​​the pre-removed part remain free from cracking and edge collapse. The removable sacrificial core is then extracted as a whole at a speed of 15 mm per second along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position, with the directional deviation angle controlled within 5 degrees. When the instantaneous extraction resistance increases by 30%, the extraction is paused for 10 seconds before continuing.

[0125] Finally, after the removable sacrificial core is removed, the original occupant path is transformed into a hidden capillary pressure relief channel. The interface imprint morphology corresponding to the microscale flow guiding pattern is retained on the inner wall of the channel. The inner end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is connected to the low-level connecting area inside the pit, and the outer end is connected to the lateral release area. The channel tapering value is 0.12 square millimeters per millimeter. When the vehicle wheel load repeatedly acts on the repaired upper surface, the moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amounts of free water in the low-level connecting area inside the pit migrate to the lateral release area along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. The repaired upper surface remains in a continuous closed state, and the backflow rate of external liquid water is suppressed.

[0126] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cold patching repair of potholes in asphalt pavement, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100. Clean the pothole space of the road surface, shape the pothole boundary based on the pothole space cleaning result, determine the main bearing area, determine the edge load avoidance area based on the main bearing area, and confirm the layout and adaptation of the edge load avoidance area. S200: Based on the edge load avoidance area, a sacrificial core placement position is formed, and the low-level connection area inside the pit is determined. Based on the sacrificial core placement position, the tapered placement outline and guide slope are determined. Based on the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position, a lateral release area is formed, and the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area are concealedly connected. Concealed guide adaptation confirmation is performed based on the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area. S300: Based on the placement of the sacrificial core, a removable sacrificial core is implanted to form a gradient flow-guiding occupancy structure. A microscale flow-guiding surface is formed based on the removable sacrificial core, while retaining the capillary flow-guiding interface morphology. The removable sacrificial core is used for extraction reservation and positioning fixation. S400: Layered filling is performed based on the removable sacrificial core, and a continuous covering structure is formed inside the pit space. The covering stability is controlled based on the continuous covering structure, and the removable sacrificial core is kept hidden and buried. The upper surface of the repair is formed based on the surface shaping of the repair body, and the axial removal conditions of the removable sacrificial core are retained. S500: Determine the timing of removing the removable sacrificial core based on the initial stable state of the cold patch repair body, and remove the removable sacrificial core as a whole along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement location. Based on the removal location of the removable sacrificial core, a hidden capillary pressure relief channel is formed, and the gradually narrowing guide structure and directional connection relationship of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel are maintained. The S600 is designed for long-term service pressure relief based on hidden capillary pressure relief channels, maintaining the structural stability of the main pressure-bearing area. It also maintains the closed state of the repaired upper surface based on hidden capillary pressure relief channels, forming a long-term service state where external liquid water is suppressed from backflow.

2. The method for cold patching repair of potholes in asphalt pavement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S100 is as follows: S100.1 Clean the pothole space on the road surface, shape the pothole boundary based on the pothole space cleaning results, and determine the main bearing area; Loose aggregate, free water, and stripped asphalt layer inside the pothole are removed until the bottom and sidewalls of the pothole expose the stable base layer or the stable original pavement interface. The threshold for the residual water thickness at the bottom of the pothole is set at 1 mm. If the residual water thickness at the bottom of the pothole is higher than 1 mm, drainage treatment is continued until the residual water thickness at the bottom of the pothole is lower than or equal to 1 mm. The sidewalls of the pit are shaped along the circumferential boundary of the pit space, so that the inclination angle of the sidewalls is set between 70 and 90 degrees. The bottom surface of the pit remains a continuous support surface. A transition zone between the bottom of the pit and the sidewalls is formed. The width of the transition zone between the bottom of the pit and the sidewalls is set between 10 mm and 30 mm, which provides a continuous layout for the positioning of the edge load avoidance zone. The main pressure zone is determined based on the top outline of the pothole, the length and width of the pothole, the usual passing position of the vehicle wheel load, and the main force projection area of ​​the wheel after repair. S100.2 Determine the edge load-avoidance zone based on the main pressure-bearing zone, and confirm the layout and adaptation of the edge load-avoidance zone; Offset 10 mm to 35 mm from the circumferential boundary of the pit into the pit space to form an annular initial edge zone. Select a low-stress area from the annular initial edge zone that coincides with the transition zone between the bottom of the pit and the sidewall of the pit as the edge load avoidance zone. The edge load avoidance zone is located outside the main bearing area and inside the transition zone between the bottom of the pit and the sidewall of the pit. In terms of depth, the edge load avoidance zone is preferably selected as a continuous area within 0 mm to 20 mm above the bottom of the pit and within 30% of the height of the sidewall of the pit. The continuous length, continuous width, and positional stability of the edge load avoidance zone are confirmed. The threshold for the continuous length of the edge load avoidance zone is set at 40 mm, and the threshold for the continuous width of the edge load avoidance zone is set at 8 mm. When the continuous length of the edge load avoidance zone is less than 40 mm or the continuous width of the edge load avoidance zone is less than 8 mm, the boundary of the main bearing area is readjusted or a low-stress area in the transition zone between the bottom of the pit and the sidewall of the pit is reselected until the edge load avoidance zone meets the subsequent conditions for the installation of the sacrificial core that can be extracted.

3. The method for cold patching repair of potholes in asphalt pavement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S200 is as follows: S200.

1. Based on the edge load avoidance zone, the sacrificial core placement position is formed, and the low-level connecting area inside the pit is determined. Based on the sacrificial core placement position, the tapered placement outline and guide slope are determined. Sacrificial core placement positions are formed along the continuous extension direction of the edge load avoidance zone. The sacrificial core placement positions are set in the transition zone between the bottom of the pit and the side wall of the pit. The inner end of the sacrificial core placement position extends toward the interior of the pit space, and the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position extends toward the circumferential boundary of the pit. Inside the pit space, the low-level connecting zone inside the pit is determined based on the local lowest elevation position of the bottom surface of the pit space and the location of the residual wet film concentration. The low-level connecting zone inside the pit is set within a range of 5 mm to 20 mm around the obvious low-level wet accumulation position. A connection is formed between the inner end of the sacrificial core placement location and the low-level connecting area inside the pit; A boundary gap of 8 mm to 25 mm is maintained between the centerline of the sacrificial core placement location and the circumferential boundary of the pit, so that the sacrificial core placement location is always located outside the main bearing area, thereby keeping the implantation location of the removable sacrificial core in a non-main bearing position. A gradually narrowing layout profile is formed along the direction from the inner end of the sacrificial core placement position to the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position; The groove depth of the sacrificial core placement position is set to 4 mm to 15 mm. The sacrificial core placement position is 2 mm to 12 mm lower than the original road surface in the depth direction, so that the sacrificial core placement position is located below the repair surface formed by the cold patch repair material after subsequent filling. The guide slope of the sacrificial core placement position is set to 1% to 8%, and the elevation of the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position is higher than the elevation of the inner end of the sacrificial core placement position, so that the moisture, water vapor pressure and trace free water in the low-level connecting area inside the pit form a directional migration trend from the inner end of the sacrificial core placement position to the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position. When there is a bend in the planar profile of the edge load avoidance area, the center line of the sacrificial core placement position extends in a gentle bending guide manner, and the included angle between two adjacent center lines of the sacrificial core placement position is set to 5 degrees to 25 degrees, so that the sacrificial core placement position maintains a continuous guide state. S200.

2. A lateral release area is formed based on the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position, and the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area are concealedly connected. Concealed guidance and adaptation confirmation is performed based on the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area. Along the outer end of the sacrificial core placement location, a lateral release zone is formed inside the original pavement structure outside the circumferential boundary of the pothole; The top projection of the lateral release zone is located outside the top opening contour of the pothole space. The top projection of the lateral release zone and the vehicle wheel load are usually offset in the plane by their positions. A concealed covering layer is retained between the lateral release zone and the original road surface. The thickness of the concealed covering layer is set to 2 mm to 8 mm so that the lateral release zone does not form an exposed opening on the original road surface. A continuous transition section is formed between the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area. The length of the continuous transition section is set to 5 mm to 20 mm. The width of the continuous transition section transitions from the width of the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position to the lateral width of the lateral release area, so that a continuous concealed connection path is formed between the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position and the lateral release area. The effective deployment length of the sacrificial core placement location, the gradual continuity of the sacrificial core placement location, the guide slope of the sacrificial core placement location, and the concealed coverage status of the lateral release area were adapted and confirmed. The effective deployment length of the sacrificial core placement location was set to a threshold of 40 mm, and the ratio of the width reduction segment length of the sacrificial core placement location to the effective deployment length of the sacrificial core placement location was set to a threshold of 60%. When the effective length of the sacrificial core placement position is less than 40 mm, the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position is extended along the edge load avoidance zone. When the length of the width reduction section of the sacrificial core placement position is less than 60% of the effective length of the sacrificial core placement position, the tapered placement profile of the sacrificial core placement position is readjusted. When the guide slope of the sacrificial core placement position is less than 1% or more than 8%, the elevation of the outer end of the sacrificial core placement position is readjusted. When the thickness of the concealed covering layer is less than 2 mm, the top burial depth of the lateral release zone is readjusted. The sacrificial core placement location, confirmed by concealed guidance adaptation, serves as the pre-embedded placement path for the removable sacrificial core. The lateral release area, confirmed by concealed guidance adaptation, serves as the lateral release location for the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, and the construction of the sacrificial core placement location and lateral release area is completed.

4. The method for cold patching asphalt pavement potholes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S300 is as follows: S300.1, Based on the placement of the sacrificial core, a removable sacrificial core is implanted, forming a gradient flow-guiding occupancy structure; A removable sacrificial core is implanted along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position. The removable sacrificial core is placed inside the sacrificial core placement position. The inner end of the removable sacrificial core extends into the low-level communication area inside the pit, and the outer end of the removable sacrificial core extends to the lateral release area, so that the removable sacrificial core forms a continuous occupancy path between the pit space and the lateral release area. The removable sacrificial core is long and thin, and its core length is 1 to 5 millimeters shorter than the effective length of the sacrificial core placement position. The cross-sectional gradient value of the removable sacrificial core is set to 0.08 square millimeters per millimeter to 1.20 square millimeters per millimeter, so that after the removable sacrificial core is removed, a gradient channel profile is formed from the inside to the outside, so that the moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amount of free water released from the low-level connecting area inside the pit are gradually converged and guided along the lateral release direction. S300.

2. A microscale guiding surface is formed based on a removable sacrificial core, while retaining the morphology of the capillary guiding interface. The removable sacrificial core is used for extraction, reservation, and positioning fixation. Microscale flow-guiding patterns are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core. The microscale flow-guiding patterns extend continuously along the axial direction of the removable sacrificial core. The microscale flow-guiding patterns adopt a fine groove structure, a directional ridge structure, or a combination of fine grooves and directional ridges. The coverage of the micro-scale flow-guiding texture is set to 25% to 75%, so that after the removable sacrificial core is covered by the subsequent cold patch repair material, a continuous fine-scale interface morphology is formed between the micro-scale flow-guiding texture and the cold patch repair material. After the removable sacrificial core is removed from the inside of the cold patch repair body, the continuous fine-scale interface morphology is retained on the inner wall of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, so that the hidden capillary pressure relief channel has both cavity flow-guiding function and capillary flow-guiding function. At least one of the inner end and the outer end of the removable sacrificial core is formed with a removable pre-reservation part. The removable pre-reservation part extends toward the edge of the pit space or toward the adjacent position of the lateral release area. The reserved length of the removable pre-reservation part is set to 8 mm to 25 mm, and the exposed thickness of the removable pre-reservation part is set to 1 mm to 5 mm, so that the removable sacrificial core can be completely removed along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position after the subsequent cold patch repair material reaches the initial stable state. A partial limiting and fixing part is provided along the length direction of the removable sacrificial core. The partial limiting and fixing part is located at the middle section and the outer end adjacent to the removable sacrificial core. A releasable connection relationship is formed between the partial limiting and fixing part and the removable sacrificial core. The single limiting length of the partial limiting and fixing part is set to 3 mm to 12 mm, and the distance between two adjacent partial limiting and fixing parts is set to 20 mm to 60 mm. The local limiting and fixing part is used to limit the upward displacement and lateral shift of the removable sacrificial core during the cold patch repair material laying process. The threshold for the axial position offset of the removable sacrificial core is set at 2 mm. When the axial position offset of the removable sacrificial core is higher than 2 mm, the position of the local limiting and fixing part is readjusted. After positioning and fixing, the removable sacrificial core maintains axial continuity, cross-section gradient and surface texture integrity, and serves as a pre-occupied core for hiding capillary pressure relief channels, thus completing the implantation and positioning of the gradient flow-guiding sacrificial core.

5. The method for cold patching repair of potholes in asphalt pavement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S400 is: S400.

1. Layered filling is performed based on the removable sacrificial core, and a continuous covering structure is formed inside the pit space. The covering stability is controlled based on the continuous covering structure, and the removable sacrificial core is kept hidden and buried. After the removable sacrificial core is implanted and positioned, cold patch repair material is filled into the pit space. The cold patch repair material is first filled into the bottom filling area between the bottom surface of the pit and the lower side of the removable sacrificial core, so that the cold patch repair material forms a bottom support layer on the bottom surface of the pit. After the bottom support layer is formed, cold patch repair material is continued to be filled on both sides and the top of the removable sacrificial core. The cold patch repair material is gradually spread along the side wall of the pit, the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core and the adjacent position of the lateral release area, and forms a covering filling layer around the removable sacrificial core. The covering filling layer and the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core are kept in a close covering state. The covering filling layer enters the surface concave and convex areas corresponding to the micro-scale flow guiding pattern, so that the micro-scale flow guiding pattern forms a corresponding interface imprint morphology inside the cold patch repair material. After the cold patch repair material is filled to the top of the removable sacrificial core, the minimum coverage thickness between the upper surface of the removable sacrificial core and the subsequently formed repair upper surface is set to 8 mm to 25 mm, and the minimum lateral coverage thickness between the outer edge of the removable sacrificial core and the circumferential boundary of the pit is set to 5 mm to 20 mm, so that the removable sacrificial core is entirely inside the repair body formed by the cold patch repair material and is not directly connected to the repair upper surface. After the cold patch repair material forms a continuous covering structure around the removable sacrificial core, the cold patch repair material is shaped and compacted to form a stable covering zone around the removable sacrificial core. During the formation of the stabilizing zone, the axial position offset of the removable sacrificial core is controlled within 2 mm, and the vertical upward floating of the removable sacrificial core is controlled within 1.5 mm, so that the removable sacrificial core continues to maintain the predetermined orientation, predetermined slope and predetermined cross-sectional gradual relationship consistent with the sacrificial core placement position. After the cold patch repair material covers the removable sacrificial core, the outer peripheral surface of the removable sacrificial core is not exposed on the repair surface. The area above the lateral release zone is still jointly shielded by the original pavement structure and the cold patch repair material, so that the drainage holes, pressure relief holes and through-type surface openings cannot be directly observed from the outside of the pothole space. S400.

2. Based on the surface shaping of the restoration, a restoration upper surface is formed, while retaining the axial removal conditions for the removable sacrificial core; After the stable zone is formed, the upper part of the cold patch repair material is leveled so that the cold patch repair material forms the repair upper surface. The height difference between the repair upper surface and the original road surface is set to -1 mm to +2 mm to keep the repair upper surface and the original road surface in a smooth connection state. During the surface shaping process, the location of the pre-removed part is kept identifiable. An operation gap of 1 mm to 4 mm is maintained on the outside of the pre-removed part. The operation gap extends along the axial removal direction of the removable sacrificial core, so that the removable sacrificial core can be completely removed along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement after the cold patch repair material reaches the initial stable state. When the cold patch repair material reaches its initial stable state, no cracks extending along the axial direction of the removable sacrificial core appear on the repair surface, no loose edges appear around the pre-removed portion, and no open channels extend to the top of the removable sacrificial core. This ensures that the hidden capillary pressure relief channels remain unexposed until the removable sacrificial core is subsequently removed, and the cold patch repair layer is fully encapsulated and formed.

6. The method for cold patching repair of potholes in asphalt pavement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S500 is as follows: S500.1 Determine the timing of removing the removable sacrificial core based on the initial stable state of the cold patch repair, and remove the removable sacrificial core as a whole along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement location. After the cold patch repair layer is formed, it is determined whether the cold patch repair body has reached the initial stable state. The determination conditions for the initial stable state of the cold patch repair body include: after applying a surface holding pressure of 0.05 MPa to 0.20 MPa to the repair surface for 3 seconds, the indentation depth of the repair surface is set to no more than 1.5 mm. When applying a test pull force of 8 N to 30 N to the extraction reserved part, the sacrificial core can be extracted and axial displacement of 1 mm to 8 mm can be generated. No cracking or edge collapse occurs in the adjacent area of ​​the repair surface and the extraction reserved part. Once the cold patch restoration reaches its initial stable state, an axial extraction force is applied to the extraction pre-reserved part along the extension direction of the sacrificial core placement position, so that the extractable sacrificial core is completely extracted from the inside of the cold patch restoration. After the removable sacrificial core is completely removed, the position originally occupied by the removable sacrificial core is transformed into a hidden capillary pressure relief channel. S500.

2. A hidden capillary pressure relief channel is formed based on the extraction position of the extractable sacrificial core, and the gradually narrowing flow guiding structure and directional connectivity of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel are maintained. After the removable sacrificial core is removed from the cold repair restoration, the interface imprint morphology corresponding to the microscale flow guide pattern is retained on the inner wall of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. The inner end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel and the low-level communication area inside the pit remain connected, and the outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel and the lateral release area remain connected, so that the hidden capillary pressure relief channel forms a directional migration path extending from the low-level communication area inside the pit to the lateral release area inside the cold repair restoration. The channel taper value of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is set to 0.03 mm² / mm to 0.60 mm² / mm, so that the hidden capillary pressure relief channel forms a tapered channel structure with a larger inner cross-section and a smaller outer cross-section. The hidden capillary pressure relief channel does not penetrate the repaired upper surface. The outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is located inside the lateral release zone and outside the position where the vehicle wheel load usually passes. This allows the moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amounts of free water in the low-level connecting area inside the pit to migrate to the lateral release zone along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. At the same time, it prevents external liquid water from directly entering the hidden capillary pressure relief channel along the repaired upper surface, and completes the timed removal of the removable sacrificial core, thus forming the hidden capillary pressure relief channel.

7. The method for cold patching repair of potholes in asphalt pavement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S600 is as follows: S600.

1. Long-term service pressure relief based on hidden capillary pressure relief channels, while maintaining the structural stability of the main pressure-bearing area; After the repair body is put into use, the vehicle wheel load repeatedly acts on the repair surface. The low-level connecting area inside the pit and the adjacent area of ​​the inner end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel form a pressurized and wet area. The moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amount of free water in the pressurized and wet area migrate to the lateral release area along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel. The service pressure relief guide value of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is set to be greater than 0. When the service pressure relief guide value of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is greater than 0, the moisture, water vapor pressure and trace free water in the low-level connecting area inside the pit continuously move outward along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel to the lateral release area. The hidden capillary pressure relief channel is set in the edge load avoidance zone, which is located outside the main pressure bearing area. This ensures that the hidden capillary pressure relief channel remains in a state of avoiding the main pressure bearing area during long-term service and reduces the impact of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel on the overall load bearing performance of the main pressure bearing area. S600.2, Based on the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, the upper surface is maintained in a closed state, and a long-term service state is formed where the backflow of external liquid water is suppressed; The hidden capillary pressure relief channel does not penetrate the repaired upper surface. The outer end of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel is located inside the lateral release area and outside the position where the vehicle wheel load usually passes, so that the repaired upper surface remains in a continuous closed state during long-term service. The gradual narrowing of the hidden capillary pressure relief channel and the capillary interface morphology of the inner wall of the channel work together to slowly release moisture, water vapor pressure and trace amounts of free water in the low-level connected area inside the pit along the hidden capillary pressure relief channel, while suppressing the speed at which external liquid water enters the hidden capillary pressure relief channel in the opposite direction.

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