Prefabricated structure of thick concrete bridge deck slab and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a thick concrete bridge deck slab prefabricated structure and a construction method, and relates to the field of bridge design and construction.The concrete bridge deck slab structure comprises a plurality of prefabricated layer structures distributed in the vertical direction, and a slurry connecting layer is arranged between every two adjacent prefabricated layer structures; each prefabricated layer structure comprises a plurality of prefabricated slabs distributed in the longitudinal and transverse directions. According to the technical scheme, the structural design of the multiple vertically-distributed prefabricated layers is adopted, each layer is composed of the multiple prefabricated slabs and connected, and therefore the heavy bridge deck slab is decomposed into the lightweight prefabricated parts, hoisting and efficient construction are facilitated, and the advantages that the weight of the prefabricated parts is reduced, hoisting is facilitated, the construction cost is reduced, and the construction period is shortened are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge design and construction, specifically to a prefabricated structure and construction method for thick concrete bridge decks. Background Technology

[0002] In bridge engineering practice, the design of combined girder cable-stayed bridges must consider multiple factors such as large spans, heavy loads, construction conditions, and economic efficiency. The main span typically employs a thinner concrete bridge deck, UHPC bridge deck, or a hybrid structure of steel bridge deck and composite slab to cross navigable waterways or large obstacles. The side spans achieve a shorter overall length through a combination of auxiliary spans and anchor spans or multiple standard spans, utilizing thicker ordinary concrete bridge decks to participate in structural stress and provide necessary counterweight. This achieves both structural economy and solves the problem of traditional steel beams having excessive internal counterweights, such as iron sand concrete or counterweight boxes, which significantly encroach on maintenance space.

[0003] Data from completed or under-construction projects show that when using concrete bridge deck panels for the main span of long-span composite beam cable-stayed bridges, the thickness is generally maintained in the range of 25 to 30 centimeters, while when using UHPC bridge deck panels, the thickness is about 17 to 20 centimeters. The lifting weight of a single precast slab is basically controlled within 30 tons, and conventional truck cranes can meet the installation requirements.

[0004] However, due to their primary function of supporting the load, the thickness of the concrete bridge deck in the side spans often exceeds the structural stress control range, resulting in generally thick or even excessively thick decks. A large number of key engineering projects have concrete bridge decks with a thickness of 70-85 cm. These ultra-thick precast concrete slabs pose significant challenges during project implementation: the maximum lifting weight of a single slab in a precast system can reach 70 tons, forcing construction to rely on large specialized equipment such as custom-made gantry cranes. This complicates the factory precasting process, and on-site lifting operations are constrained by site conditions, equipment availability, and safety risks, making it difficult to guarantee installation accuracy. Simultaneously, it significantly increases construction costs and extends the construction period. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a structure and construction method for prefabricated thick concrete bridge decks, which has the advantages of reducing the weight of prefabricated components, facilitating hoisting, achieving a high degree of prefabrication, reducing construction costs, and shortening the construction period.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a prefabricated structure for a thick concrete bridge deck, comprising multiple prefabricated layer structures distributed vertically, with a grout connecting layer provided between two adjacent prefabricated layer structures, and each prefabricated layer structure comprising multiple prefabricated slabs distributed longitudinally and laterally.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the plurality of prefabricated layer structures include a bottom prefabricated layer structure, a middle prefabricated layer structure, and a top prefabricated layer structure arranged sequentially.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the precast plates of the middle precast layer structure and the top precast layer structure are provided with grouting holes and venting holes, the grouting holes being used for grouting to form the grout bonding layer.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, a wet joint is provided between the plurality of prefabricated panels of each of the prefabricated layer structures; The wet joints of each of the prefabricated layer structures are arranged in a staggered pattern in the vertical direction, both longitudinally and laterally.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, a convex-concave mating structure is provided between the opposite sides of two adjacent precast slabs in the vertical direction to enhance shear resistance.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the concave-convex mating structure includes a shear-resistant groove and a shear-resistant protrusion, wherein the shear-resistant groove and the shear-resistant protrusion are trapezoidal.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a method for constructing a precast thick concrete bridge deck, comprising the following steps: Multiple prefabricated layer structures are prefabricated, each of which consists of multiple prefabricated slabs distributed longitudinally and laterally; The prefabricated layer structures are hoisted and connected vertically in sequence, and grout is injected between two adjacent prefabricated layer structures to form a grout connection layer.

[0013] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the step of sequentially hoisting and connecting the prefabricated layer structure vertically specifically includes: First, the bottom precast layer structure is hoisted and the wet joint concrete is poured to form the first layer; After hoisting the bottom precast layer structure, the middle precast layer structure is hoisted. During the hoisting of the middle precast layer structure, grout is injected into the interlayer through grouting holes to form a grout connection layer. At the same time, the wet joint of this layer is poured to form the second layer. After hoisting the middle precast layer structure, hoist the top precast layer structure, and repeat the pouring and casting steps of the middle precast layer structure to form the third layer.

[0014] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the steps prior to hoisting the middle or top prefabricated layer structure include: On the top surface of the precast layer structure that has been installed, pads are laid around the perimeter of the area where the precast slabs are to be installed to form interlayer joints.

[0015] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the step of pouring wet joint concrete includes: First, pour the pressure zone of the precast layer structure; Then pour the tension zone of the precast layer structure.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include: In the technical solution of this application, the prefabricated structure of thick concrete bridge deck includes multiple prefabricated layers distributed vertically, with a grout connecting layer between two adjacent prefabricated layers. Each prefabricated layer includes multiple prefabricated slabs distributed longitudinally and laterally. By adopting the design of multiple prefabricated layers distributed vertically, each layer is composed of multiple prefabricated slabs and connected, thereby decomposing the heavy bridge deck into lightweight prefabricated components, which facilitates hoisting and efficient construction. It has the advantages of reducing the weight of prefabricated components, facilitating hoisting, reducing construction costs, and shortening the construction period. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the prefabricated thick concrete bridge deck structure provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Another cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a medium-thickness concrete bridge deck structure; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Exploded view of a medium-thickness concrete bridge deck structure; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Elevation view of the layered layout of the concrete bridge deck structure; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the underlying prefabricated layer structure; Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the middle prefabricated layer structure in the middle layer; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the top prefabricated layer structure in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of part A in the diagram; Figure 9 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of part B in the diagram; Figure 10 A schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the prefabrication method for thick concrete bridge deck provided by the present invention; Figure 11 This is a detailed flowchart of step S20.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Precast layer structure; 11. Bottom precast layer structure; 12. Middle precast layer structure; 13. Top precast layer structure; 101. Precast slab; 102. Wet joint; 2. Grout bonding layer; 3. Grouting hole; 4. Vent hole; 5. Concave-convex mating structure; 51. Shear groove; 52. Shear protrusion; 6. Gasket; 7. Shear stud; 8. Steel structure. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] In bridge engineering practice, the design of combined girder cable-stayed bridges must consider multiple factors such as large spans, heavy loads, construction conditions, and economic efficiency. The main span typically employs a thinner concrete bridge deck, UHPC bridge deck, or a hybrid structure of steel bridge deck and composite slab to cross navigable waterways or large obstacles. The side spans achieve a shorter overall length through a combination of auxiliary spans and anchor spans or multiple standard spans, utilizing thicker ordinary concrete bridge decks to participate in structural stress and provide necessary counterweight. This achieves both structural economy and solves the problem of traditional steel beams having excessive internal counterweights, such as iron sand concrete or counterweight boxes, which significantly encroach on maintenance space.

[0022] Data from completed or under-construction projects show that when using concrete bridge deck panels for the main span of long-span composite beam cable-stayed bridges, the thickness is generally maintained in the range of 25 to 30 centimeters, while when using UHPC bridge deck panels, the thickness is about 17 to 20 centimeters. The lifting weight of a single precast slab is basically controlled within 30 tons, and conventional truck cranes can meet the installation requirements.

[0023] However, due to their primary function of supporting the load, the thickness of the concrete bridge deck in the side spans often exceeds the structural stress control range, resulting in generally thick or even excessively thick decks. A large number of key engineering projects have concrete bridge decks with a thickness of 70-85 cm. These ultra-thick precast concrete slabs pose significant challenges during project implementation: the maximum lifting weight of a single slab in a precast system can reach 70 tons, forcing construction to rely on large specialized equipment such as custom-made gantry cranes. This complicates the factory precasting process, and on-site lifting operations are constrained by site conditions, equipment availability, and safety risks, making it difficult to guarantee installation accuracy. Simultaneously, it significantly increases construction costs and extends the construction period.

[0024] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a prefabricated structure and construction method for thick concrete bridge decks, which offers advantages such as reduced weight of prefabricated components, ease of hoisting, high degree of prefabrication, reduced construction costs, and shortened construction period.

[0025] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 The present invention proposes a prefabricated structure for thick concrete bridge deck, comprising multiple prefabricated layer structures 1 distributed vertically, with a grout connecting layer 2 provided between two adjacent prefabricated layer structures 1, and each prefabricated layer structure 1 comprising multiple prefabricated slabs 101 distributed longitudinally and laterally.

[0026] In the technical solution of this application, the prefabricated structure of thick concrete bridge deck includes multiple prefabricated layer structures 1 distributed vertically, and a grout connecting layer 2 is provided between two adjacent prefabricated layer structures 1. Each prefabricated layer structure 1 includes multiple prefabricated slabs 101 distributed longitudinally and laterally. By adopting the design of multiple prefabricated layer structures 1 distributed vertically, each layer is composed of multiple prefabricated slabs 101 and connected, thereby decomposing the heavy bridge deck into lightweight prefabricated components, which is convenient for hoisting and efficient construction. It has the advantages of reducing the weight of prefabricated components, facilitating hoisting, reducing construction costs, and shortening the construction period.

[0027] Precast layer structure 1 refers to concrete slabs that are prefabricated in a factory or prefabrication yard and stored for 6 months before being hoisted and assembled on the construction site. By adopting prefabrication, construction efficiency can be improved, component quality can be guaranteed, on-site work can be reduced, and the later shrinkage and creep of concrete can be minimized.

[0028] The grout bonding layer 2 refers to the connecting material layer filled between adjacent precast layer structures 1, typically composed of cement-based grout or other suitable grouting materials. The function of this bonding layer is to fill the gaps between precast components, achieving overall connection and mechanical transfer between the layers, ensuring the integrity and collaborative working ability of the bridge deck structure.

[0029] Precast slab 101 refers to a single concrete slab unit that constitutes the precast layer structure 1. These precast slabs 101 are manufactured in the factory according to design dimensions and requirements and then transported to the construction site for assembly. By decomposing the precast layer structure 1 into multiple precast slabs 101, the size and weight of individual components can be effectively controlled, facilitating transportation and hoisting.

[0030] A grout bonding layer 2 is provided between two adjacent precast layer structures 1. The function of the grout bonding layer 2 is to ensure effective connection and mechanical transfer between the upper and lower precast layer structures 1, enabling the entire bridge deck structure to work collaboratively as a whole. The grout bonding layer 2 can be formed in various ways. For example, after the upper precast layer structure 1 is hoisted into place, grout can be injected into the interlayer gaps through reserved grouting channels, and the connection can be formed after the grout hardens. Alternatively, a layer of grout can be pre-applied to the top surface of the lower precast layer structure 1, and then the upper precast layer structure 1 can be placed on top, and the grout can be evenly distributed and cured by compression. The type of grout can be selected according to the required strength, fluidity, and curing time; for example, ordinary cement grout, high-performance cement-based grout, or epoxy resin grout can be used.

[0031] Each precast layer structure 1 comprises multiple precast slabs 101 distributed longitudinally and transversely. This means that a single precast layer structure 1 is not a single large slab, but rather composed of multiple relatively small precast slabs 101 spliced ​​together. For example, a precast layer structure 1 can consist of several precast slabs 101 arranged longitudinally along the bridge and several precast slabs 101 arranged transversely along the bridge, forming a grid-like slab unit combination. These precast slabs 101 are prefabricated in the factory and then transported to the construction site for assembly. The connection between the precast slabs 101 can take various forms. For example, it can be achieved by pre-drilling lap joint holes for reinforcing bars on the side of the slab, threading the reinforcing bars on site, and grouting them together; or it can be achieved by setting simple planar butt joints on the side of the slab, relying on the grout connection layer 2 and the load of the superstructure for load transfer. By further decomposing the precast layer structure 1 into multiple precast slabs 101, the weight and size of individual components can be further reduced, allowing conventional hoisting equipment to meet construction requirements and avoiding the need for specially designed large hoisting equipment.

[0032] Multiple precast layer structures 1 can be two, three, or even more layers. In this embodiment, the multiple precast layer structures 1 include a bottom precast layer structure 11, a middle precast layer structure 12, and a top precast layer structure 13 arranged sequentially. The bottom precast layer structure 11 refers to the precast layer located at the bottom of the entire concrete bridge deck structure. This layer structure, using shear studs 7 and wet joints 102, is mainly responsible for connecting to the steel structure 8 (such as I-beams, steel crossbeams, steel longitudinal beams, open steel box girders, and steel trusses) and bearing the transmission of the superstructure load. It can be constructed by splicing precast concrete slabs through wet joints 102 or dry joints, or by using large precast components to reduce on-site assembly work. The middle precast layer structure 12 refers to the precast layer located between the bottom precast layer structure 11 and the top precast layer structure 13. The main function of this layer structure is to transfer loads, increase the overall thickness and stiffness of the bridge deck, and serve as a transition between the upper and lower layers. It can be composed of multiple standardized precast slab units 101, which are connected to adjacent precast slabs 101 through reserved connection methods (such as rebar lap splices, shear keys, etc.). The top precast layer structure 13 refers to the precast layer located at the top of the entire concrete bridge deck structure. This layer structure directly bears traffic loads, environmental erosion, and wear, and therefore usually needs to have high strength, wear resistance, and anti-skid properties. Its surface can be specially treated, such as reserving the structure for laying asphalt concrete pavement, or forming anti-skid textures directly during precasting. Sequential arrangement means that the bottom precast layer structure 11, the middle precast layer structure 12, and the top precast layer structure 13 are stacked vertically in a bottom-to-top order. This sequence is the logical basis for structural design and construction, ensuring that each layer structure can be installed and connected according to the predetermined function and stress requirements.

[0033] The proposed solution clearly divides the aforementioned multiple precast layer structures 1 into a bottom precast layer structure 11, a middle precast layer structure 12, and a top precast layer structure 13, creating a clear functional zoning and construction sequence for the entire concrete bridge deck structure in the vertical direction. The bottom precast layer structure 11 serves as the foundation load-bearing layer, providing stable support and connection interfaces for the upper precast layer structures. The middle precast layer structure 12, as the main load-bearing and stiffness provider, effectively transfers the load from the top layer to the bottom layer. The top precast layer structure 13 directly bears external loads and provides the driving surface. This layered design allows each layer to be optimized and precast according to its specific functional requirements. For example, the bottom layer can focus on the connection with the steel structure 8, the middle layer on overall strength and stiffness, and the top layer on durability and driving performance. During construction, each layer can be hoisted and connected in a predetermined sequence, with adjacent layers forming a whole through a grout connection layer 2, thus ensuring effective load transfer and structural integrity. This clearly defined, layered, and sequential structure makes the manufacturing, transportation, and on-site installation of bridge decks more standardized and controllable, significantly improving construction efficiency and quality.

[0034] Considering the ultra-thick concrete bridge deck of the side span of the combined beam cable-stayed bridge, the total thickness is often controlled by the control of the auxiliary piers and the top supports of the side piers to prevent negative forces, that is, the structural load control and the non-structural force control. Based on the structural bearing capacity control, the thickness of the bottom precast slab 101 is determined as the core slab; the remaining layers of precast slabs 101 are load-bearing slabs, and the top precast slab 101 also serves as a load-bearing slab for local vehicle load transmission.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 This application further proposes that the precast plate 101 of the middle precast layer structure 12 and the top precast layer structure 13 is provided with grouting holes 3 and venting holes 4, wherein the grouting holes 3 are used for grouting to form the grout bonding layer 2.

[0036] The grouting holes 3 are channels provided on the precast slab 101. Their main function is to guide the grouting material from the outside into the gaps between the precast layer structures 1 to form the grout bonding layer 2. The grouting holes 3 can be designed in various forms; for example, they can be circular or square holes penetrating the thickness of the precast slab 101, with smooth inner walls to reduce grouting resistance, or they can be threaded to facilitate connection to grouting equipment. Furthermore, the diameter and number of grouting holes 3 can be optimized based on factors such as the size of the precast slab 101, the fluidity of the grout, and the grouting pressure to ensure uniform and sufficient filling of the grout. The venting holes 4 are auxiliary channels provided on the precast slab 101. Their main function is to expel air from the gaps between the precast layer structures 1 during the grouting process, preventing air from being trapped in the grout and forming bubbles or cavities.

[0037] The solution of this application achieves effective formation of the grout bonding layer 2 by setting grouting holes 3 and venting holes 4 on the precast slabs 101 of the middle precast layer structure 12 and the top precast layer structure 13. Specifically, when the middle precast layer structure 12 or the top precast layer structure 13 needs to be hoisted into place, a cavity to be filled will be formed between the precast layer structures 1 below it. At this time, grout is injected into the cavity through the grouting holes 3 using grouting equipment. As the grout is continuously injected, the air in the cavity is gradually squeezed by the grout and discharged through the venting holes 4 set on the precast slab 101. The synergistic effect of the grouting holes 3 and the venting holes 4 ensures that the grout can fully fill the cavity, avoids air retention and the formation of voids, thereby ensuring the compactness and continuity of the grout bonding layer 2. This design allows the precast layer structures 1 to be tightly bonded by the high-quality grout bonding layer 2, forming an integral load-bearing concrete bridge deck structure, effectively transferring loads and improving the overall stiffness and durability of the structure.

[0038] In other embodiments, this application proposes a concrete bridge deck structure comprising multiple precast layer structures 1 distributed vertically, with a grout bonding layer 2 between adjacent precast layer structures 1. Each precast layer structure 1 includes multiple precast slabs 101 distributed longitudinally and laterally. However, if the precast slabs 101 within each precast layer structure 1 lack effective connections, or if these connections are vertically aligned, local stress concentration may occur in the bridge deck structure under load, forming a through-type weak surface, thereby affecting the integrity and load-bearing capacity of the structure and increasing the risk of cracking and failure.

[0039] In this regard, this application further proposes that wet joints 102 are provided between the multiple precast slabs 101 of each precast layer structure 1, and the wet joints 102 of each precast layer structure 1 are arranged in a staggered manner in the vertical direction.

[0040] The wet joint 102 refers to the connection joint formed between precast components by on-site pouring of concrete or high-strength mortar. It connects adjacent precast slabs 101 into a unified whole, enabling effective load transfer. The wet joint 102 can be poured with ordinary concrete to ensure material compatibility with the precast slabs 101, and is reinforced with steel bars to achieve overall load-bearing capacity. Alternatively, the wet joint 102 can be poured with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) or high-strength grout to provide higher strength and durability, enhancing the shear and tensile properties of the joint. The wet joints 102 in each layer are staggered vertically, meaning that in two vertically adjacent precast layer structures 1, the wet joints 102 between the internal precast slabs 101 are not directly aligned, but rather staggered. For example, if a wet joint 102 in a lower precast layer structure 1 is located at a certain position, the wet joint 102 in an upper precast layer structure 1 will be located next to that position, rather than directly above or below it. The staggered arrangement of wet joints 102 can be achieved by adjusting the size and arrangement of precast slabs 101 in each precast layer structure 1. For example, the precast slabs 101 of adjacent layers can be overlapped with half-slab staggered joints. During the design phase, the modular size and layout scheme of the precast slabs 101 can also be optimized to ensure staggered joint connections between different precast layer structures 1, thereby avoiding vertical continuity of wet joints 102.

[0041] The solution proposed in this application establishes wet joints 102 between multiple precast slabs 101 in each precast layer structure 1, and arranges these wet joints 102 in a staggered manner in the vertical direction, thus eliminating continuous weak surfaces in the vertical direction of the bridge deck structure. When a load is applied to the bridge deck, the stress is not concentrated on a single vertical through-slot, but is distributed to adjacent precast slabs 101 and the grout bonding layer 2 through the staggered wet joints 102. The staggered arrangement of the wet joints 102 effectively increases the length and complexity of the load transfer path, allowing internal forces such as shear force and bending moment to be transferred more evenly throughout the multi-layer structure. This structural layout avoids shear weak surfaces that may be generated due to the vertical alignment of the wet joints 102, thereby enhancing the integrity and shear resistance of the entire bridge deck structure. The grout bonding layer 2 and the upper and lower precast layer structures 1 are connected through the staggered wet joints 102, forming a more robust composite structure with better crack resistance, effectively resisting cracking and damage caused by external loads and temperature strain.

[0042] The following is a specific example illustrating the construction of a concrete bridge deck structure. Multiple precast slabs 101 of identical dimensions can be prefabricated first. In the first precast layer structure 1, these precast slabs 101 are arranged longitudinally and transversely, with wet joint areas 102 reserved between them. Concrete is then poured to form the wet joints 102. When hoisting the second precast layer structure 1, the starting position of the precast slabs 101 can be adjusted. For example, the first precast slab 101 in the second layer structure 1 can be offset laterally by half a slab width or longitudinally by half a slab length relative to the first precast slab 101 in the first layer structure 1. This ensures that the wet joints 102 within the second layer structure 1 do not overlap with those within the first layer structure 1 vertically, but are staggered. This staggered arrangement can be maintained throughout all precast layers 1, ensuring that the wet joints 102 of each layer maintain a certain vertical offset distance from the wet joints 102 of the adjacent layers.

[0043] Through the above technical solution, wet joints 102 are provided between multiple precast slabs 101 of each precast layer structure 1 in the concrete bridge deck structure. These wet joints 102 are staggered vertically, effectively preventing the formation of continuous weak surfaces in the vertical direction. This design significantly enhances the integrity and shear resistance of the bridge deck structure, allowing loads to be transferred more evenly across the multi-layer structure, thereby reducing local stress concentration and the risk of structural cracking. The grout bonding layer 2, together with the staggered wet joints 102, improves the fatigue resistance and durability of the bridge deck, extends its service life, and enhances its structural stability under complex load conditions.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In other embodiments, this application proposes a concrete bridge deck structure comprising multiple precast layer structures 1 distributed vertically, with a grout bonding layer 2 between adjacent precast layer structures 1, and each precast layer structure 1 comprising multiple precast slabs 101 distributed longitudinally and transversely. However, in practical applications, relying solely on simple contact or grout bonding between precast slabs 101 may be insufficient to effectively transfer shear forces between them, especially when the bridge deck is subjected to dynamic loads such as vehicle loads, where relative displacement between precast slabs 101 can easily occur, thus affecting the integrity and durability of the bridge deck.

[0045] Please refer to the following for details. Figure 1 and Figure 8This application further proposes that, vertically, a convex-concave mating structure 5 is provided between the opposite sides of two adjacent precast slabs 101. The convex-concave mating structure 5 refers to a structure that achieves mechanical interlocking between components by providing complementary protrusions and recesses on the joint surfaces of the components. This structure can effectively resist relative sliding and separation between components, enhancing the integrity and stability of the connection. As one possible implementation, the convex-concave mating structure 5 can adopt a mortise and tenon connection, where one side of one precast slab 101 has a protruding tenon, and the side of the adjacent precast slab 101 has a mortise matching the shape of the tenon, with the two interlocking to form a tight connection. In another possible implementation, the convex-concave mating structure 5 can be designed as a stepped connection, where one side of one precast slab 101 has one or more stepped protrusions, and the side of the adjacent precast slab 101 has a corresponding recess, with relative displacement restricted by the interlocking of the steps. Furthermore, the convex-concave mating structure 5 can also be various geometric shapes such as wavy or sawtooth, as long as it can achieve effective mechanical interlocking between adjacent precast slabs 101 and resist shear forces.

[0046] The solution of this application involves a convex-concave mating structure 5 between opposite sides of two adjacent precast slabs 101 in the vertical direction, enabling the precast slabs 101 to interlock during assembly, forming a mechanical interlock. This interlocking mechanism significantly enhances the shear force transfer capacity and anti-slip capability between the precast slabs 101. When the bridge deck is subjected to vertical loads, the convex-concave mating structure 5 can effectively transfer shear force from one precast slab 101 to the adjacent precast slab 101, avoiding shear force concentration on a single connection interface, thereby dispersing stress and improving the overall strength of the connection. Compared with structures that rely solely on grout connections or friction for shear force transfer, the convex-concave mating structure 5 provides a more reliable and durable mechanical connection, ensuring that multiple precast slabs 101 can work collaboratively as a whole under load, maintaining the structural integrity of the bridge deck.

[0047] Furthermore, the concave-convex mating structure 5 includes a shear-resistant groove 51 and a shear-resistant protrusion 52, and the shear-resistant groove 51 and the shear-resistant protrusion 52 are trapezoidal.

[0048] The shear groove 51 and shear protrusion 52 are complementary geometric features located on opposite sides of adjacent precast slabs 101. Their main function is to resist and transmit shear forces through mechanical interlocking. These features can be integrally formed during the casting of the precast slabs 101 in the mold to ensure dimensional accuracy and structural integrity; alternatively, they can be formed after the precast slabs 101 are formed by machining or by adding precast shear keys. The shear groove 51 and shear protrusion 52 are trapezoidal, meaning their cross-sectional shape is trapezoidal. Compared to other shapes, trapezoidal structures can provide superior shear resistance and stronger mechanical interlocking effects. The trapezoid can be an isosceles trapezoid with its hypotenuses having the same inclination angle to provide uniform shear resistance; or it can be a non-isosceles trapezoid with its hypotenuses having different inclination angles to adapt to specific force directions or construction requirements.

[0049] The solution in this application specifically designs the anti-shear groove 51 and anti-shear protrusion 52 of the concave-convex mating structure 5, so that when adjacent precast slabs 101 are vertically connected, the anti-shear protrusion 52 can be precisely embedded into the anti-shear groove 51. This trapezoidal geometric interlocking, when shear force is generated between the precast slabs 101, causes their inclined surfaces to press against each other, forming a strong mechanical wedging effect. This wedging effect not only effectively resists shear force and prevents relative sliding of the precast slabs 101, but also generates normal pressure to a certain extent, further enhancing the friction of the connection interface, thereby significantly improving the shear bearing capacity and overall stability of the precast slab 101 connection. This design cleverly utilizes the geometric characteristics of the trapezoidal structure to convert shear force into part of the normal force, making the connection more robust and reliable.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Figure 9In one specific embodiment, the ultra-thick concrete bridge deck is vertically divided into multiple layers of precast concrete bridge deck (40cm < slab thickness t ≤ 60cm, divided into 2 layers, namely the bottom layer and the top layer; 60cm < slab thickness t ≤ 90cm, divided into 3 layers, namely the bottom layer, the middle layer, and the top layer), with multiple precast slabs 101 in each layer. Taking the three-layer bridge deck as an example, the bottom precast slab 101 has a horizontal bottom surface and a horizontally alternating shear-resistant protrusion 52 on the top surface; the middle precast slab 101 has a shear-resistant groove 51 matching the bottom precast slab 101 on the bottom surface and a shear-resistant groove parallel to the bottom surface of this layer on the top surface; the top precast slab 101 has a shear-resistant protrusion 52 matching the middle precast slab 101 on the bottom surface and a horizontal top surface. First, the bottom precast slab 101 is connected to the upper flange plate of the steel structure 8 through shear studs 7 and cast-in-place wet joints 102 to form the first layer of the composite beam. Subsequently, based on the first layer, intermediate layer precast slabs 101 are placed alternately. Using the shear grooves 51 and shear protrusions 52 provided in the interlayer precast slabs 101, a concave-convex fit structure 5 is formed, along with the rubber gaskets 6 around the perimeter, forming an interlayer joint with a full cross-section thickness of h=2cm. High-strength non-shrink grout is injected into the interlayer joint using the grouting holes 3 pre-reserved in the intermediate layer precast slabs 101, achieving vertical bonding. The wet joint 102 of the same layer precast slabs 101 is then poured to form the whole of this layer, completing the construction of the second layer. Similarly, based on the second layer, top layer precast slabs 101 are stacked alternately. Using the same treatment method as the second layer, high-strength non-shrink grout is injected into the interlayer joint using the grouting holes 3 pre-reserved in the top layer precast slabs 101. The wet joint 102 of this layer is then poured to form the whole, completing the construction of the third layer. The longitudinal and transverse wet joints 102 between the three layers of precast slabs 101 are staggered to avoid the concentration of weak points. At the same time, the shear-resistant concave-convex fit 5 forms a tenon effect, improving the overall connection integrity. When the bridge deck is vertically divided into two layers, the structure and construction are the same as those for the three-layer structure and will not be described again.

[0051] The vertical connecting surface of precast slab 101 has shear-resistant grooves and protrusions, with a cross-section in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. The short base width is 'a', the hypotenuse angle is 45 degrees, the long base width is 'a+2b', and the height (depth) is 'c=b'. The standard value of 'a' is generally 0.2-0.3m, and 'c' is 5cm. The concrete in the wet joint 102 can be UHPC concrete or shrinkage-compensating concrete of the same grade as precast slab 101. The high-strength non-shrinkage grouting material has a strength grade not lower than that of precast slab 101, and its mechanical properties should meet the requirements of the "Grouting Materials for Bridge Bearings" (JT / T 1130-2017) and the "Technical Specification for Construction of Railway Concrete Engineering" (Q / CR 9207-2017). The middle and top precast slabs 101 are provided with grouting holes 3 (on the side closer to the center line of the line) and venting holes 4 (on the side farther from the center line of the line) on both sides of the horizontal direction. The holes are circular, with a standard longitudinal spacing of 2m and a diameter of 100mm. The above-mentioned holes also serve as construction hoisting and installation holes.

[0052] Considering the ultra-thick concrete bridge deck of the side span of the combined beam cable-stayed bridge, the total thickness is often controlled by the control of the auxiliary piers and the top supports of the side piers to prevent negative forces, that is, the structural load control and the non-structural force control. Based on the structural bearing capacity control, the thickness of the bottom precast slab 101 is determined as the core slab; the remaining layers of precast slabs 101 are load-bearing slabs, and the top precast slab 101 also serves as a load-bearing slab for local vehicle load transmission.

[0053] The thickness of each layer of precast slab 101 can be determined according to the following principles: The general thickness t1 of the bottom layer precast concrete slab (excluding the height of the shear protrusion) can be taken as the maximum value of the two thickness envelopes ① and ②, where ① is the thickness required for connection: the height of the shear stud 7 connecting the steel structure 8 and the concrete bridge deck + 2cm; ② is the minimum thickness of the structure under stress: without considering the weight-bearing function of the concrete slab, the minimum concrete slab thickness required for the side span is calculated from the overall stress of the combined beam bridge and the local wheel load stress.

[0054] Other layer thicknesses: When considering three layers, the general thickness of the middle and top precast slabs 101 (excluding the height of the shear groove) can be obtained by dividing the remaining slab thickness after deducting the general thickness of the bottom precast slab 101 by the shear protrusion height by 4cm, i.e., t2=t3=(t-t1-c-4) / 2; when considering two layers, the general thickness of the top precast slab 101 (excluding the height of the shear groove 51) can be obtained by deducting the bottom slab thickness by the shear protrusion height by 2cm, i.e., t3=t-t1-c-2.

[0055] The principle for the configuration of reinforcing steel in each layer is as follows: Only the bottom precast slab 101 with a thickness of t1 is calculated as the thickness of the side span concrete bridge deck and participates in the stress. The remaining bridge deck layers are considered as dead loads and are included in the overall stress and local wheel load stress analysis. The stress state of the precast slab 101 in the simply supported state during construction and hoisting is checked, and its longitudinal and transverse reinforcing steel at the top and bottom edges is comprehensively determined. The longitudinal and transverse reinforcing steel at the top and bottom edges of the middle layer precast slab 101 is considered in the simply supported state during construction and hoisting, and the structural requirements of the bridge code are comprehensively met. Reinforcement; The longitudinal and transverse reinforcement of the top precast slab 101 is determined by considering the simple support stress state during construction and hoisting, and in accordance with the structural requirements of the bridge code. The reinforcement of the lower edge and the preliminary reinforcement of the upper edge are determined. At the same time, the total thickness t of the concrete bridge deck of the side span (including the precast slab 101) is taken into account for the overall stress and local wheel load stress calculation. Finally, the configuration of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement of the upper edge is determined. The shear force at the contact surface between the ultra-thick concrete bridge deck and the steel structure 8 is determined. Then, the specifications (including the height of the shear stud 7) and the arrangement scheme of the shear stud 7 at the top of the combined beam steel structure 8 are proposed.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 10 This application addresses the technical problem in the prior art where the weight of a single precast ultra-thick concrete bridge deck (e.g., up to 85 cm thick) is too large (up to 70 tons), requiring specially designed large-scale lifting equipment. It proposes a structural construction method for precast thick concrete bridge decks. This method includes the following key steps: S10: Prefabricate multiple prefabricated layer structures 1, each of which is composed of multiple prefabricated slabs 101 distributed longitudinally and laterally; S20: The precast layer structure 1 is hoisted and connected vertically in sequence, and grout is injected between two adjacent precast layer structures 1 to form a grout connection layer 2.

[0057] The core innovation of this embodiment lies in significantly reducing the lifting weight of individual precast components by vertically dividing the ultra-thick concrete bridge deck into multiple thinner precast layer structures 1 and setting a grout connection layer 2 between adjacent precast layer structures 1. Specifically, since the thickness of a single precast layer structure 1 is controlled within a reasonable range (e.g., 25-30 cm), and each precast layer structure 1 is further composed of multiple precast slabs 101 distributed longitudinally and laterally, the weight of a single precast slab 101 can be reduced to less than 30 tons. Based on this, conventional truck cranes can meet the lifting requirements, avoiding reliance on specially made large gantry cranes. At the same time, the grout connection layer 2 formed by injecting grout between two adjacent precast layer structures 1 ensures the overall connection and mechanical transfer capacity of the interlayer structure, enabling the layered precast components to work together after assembly and meet the stress requirements of the bridge structure.

[0058] The above technical solution effectively solves the technical challenges of excessive weight of individual components and high requirements for hoisting equipment during the factory prefabrication and on-site hoisting of ultra-thick concrete bridge decks. Compared with the limitations of existing overall prefabrication schemes that require specially made large hoisting equipment, this embodiment, through a combination strategy of structural decomposition and reliable connection, not only reduces construction costs and equipment special requirements, but also improves construction efficiency and safety, ensuring that the overall performance of the ultra-thick bridge deck structure meets engineering requirements.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 11 In a further embodiment, step S20 specifically includes: S21: First, hoist the bottom precast layer structure 11 and pour the wet joint 102 concrete to form the first layer; S22: After hoisting the bottom precast layer structure 11, hoist the middle precast layer structure 12, and during the hoisting of the middle precast layer structure 12, inject grout into the interlayer through the grouting hole 3 to form the grout connection layer 2, and at the same time pour the wet joint 102 of this layer to form the second layer. S23: After hoisting the middle layer prefabricated structure 12, hoist the top layer prefabricated structure 13, and repeat the pouring and casting steps of the middle layer prefabricated structure 12 to form the third layer.

[0060] Among them, "bottom precast layer structure 11" refers to the lowest precast layer structure 1 of the entire concrete bridge deck structure. As the base of the entire bridge deck, it usually needs to be installed first and provide stable support. "Middle precast layer structure 12" refers to the precast layer structure 1 located between the bottom precast layer structure 11 and the top precast layer structure 13. It plays a connecting role between the upper and lower layers. "Top precast layer structure 13" refers to the highest precast layer structure 1 of the concrete bridge deck structure. It usually directly bears traffic loads and environmental effects.

[0061] The proposed solution employs a clearly defined construction sequence: first, the bottom precast layer structure 11 is hoisted, followed by the middle precast layer structure 12 and the top precast layer structure 13, creating a layered and orderly construction process. After each precast layer structure 1 is installed, concrete is immediately poured into the wet joints 102 between the precast slabs 101 within that layer to ensure its structural integrity. Particularly for the middle and top precast layer structures 13, grout is injected into the space between the installed and newly installed layers through grouting holes 3 during or immediately after hoisting, forming a grout connection layer 2, simultaneously completing the pouring of the wet joints 102 for that layer. This construction method, which tightly integrates interlayer connections (grout connection layer 2) with intralayer connections (wet joints 102), ensures that each layer structure quickly forms a stable whole after installation and reliably connects to the underlying structure. This systematic construction process enables the entire multi-layer precast concrete bridge deck structure to be built layer by layer efficiently and with high quality, effectively ensuring the continuity of the structure in both the vertical and horizontal directions and its overall load-bearing performance.

[0062] The following is a specific example. At the construction site, the steel structure 8 is first inspected and prepared. Then, a mobile crane is used to hoist the prefabricated bottom layer structure 11 to a predetermined position above the steel structure 8 (such as I-beams, steel crossbeams, steel longitudinal beams, open steel box girders, or steel trusses), and precise alignment is achieved. After the bottom layer structure 11 is in place, formwork is installed at the wet joints 102 between its prefabricated slabs 101, and high-strength wet joint concrete is poured. Once the bottom layer structure 11 and its wet joint concrete reach their design strength, the first layer is formed. Next, the middle layer structure 12 is hoisted. After the middle layer structure 12 is in place, special grout is injected into the gap between the bottom layer structure 11 and the middle layer structure 12 through its pre-reserved grouting holes 3, forming a grout connection layer 2. Simultaneously, formwork is installed between the precast slabs 101 inside the middle precast layer structure 12, and wet joint 102 concrete is poured. After the grout and wet joint 102 concrete have cured, the second layer is formed. Finally, the construction steps of the middle precast layer structure 12 are repeated, the top precast layer structure 13 is hoisted, interlayer grouting and the pouring of wet joint 102 concrete for this layer are carried out, and the third layer is finally formed.

[0063] In some of the above embodiments, a method is proposed to hoist and connect the precast layer structures 1 vertically in sequence, and to inject grout between two adjacent precast layer structures 1 to form a grout bonding layer 2. However, in actual construction, if the interlayer gaps between adjacent precast layer structures 1 are uneven or difficult to control precisely, the thickness of the grout bonding layer 2 may be inconsistent, affecting its overall load-bearing performance and durability, and even causing grout leakage or incomplete filling during the grouting process.

[0064] In this regard, this application further proposes a step before hoisting the middle layer prefabricated structure 12 or the top layer prefabricated structure 13, including: laying shims 6 on the top surface of the installed prefabricated structure 1 and around the perimeter of the prefabricated slab area to be installed to form interlayer joints.

[0065] Among them, the gasket 6 is a thin sheet-like component used to adjust gaps, provide support, or provide isolation. In the construction and engineering fields, the gasket 6 is often used to precisely control the distance between components, ensuring the accuracy and stability of structural installation. The gasket 6 can be made of various materials, such as high-strength plastics, rubber, metals (such as steel plates), or composite materials. Its shape and size can be designed according to actual needs; for example, it can be rectangular, circular, or irregularly shaped, and its thickness can also be selected according to the required interlayer gap. The main function of the gasket 6 is to provide precise control of the interlayer height, ensuring that a uniform and pre-set thickness interlayer gap is formed between adjacent prefabricated layer structures 1. An interlayer gap refers to the space reserved between two adjacent structural layers for filling with other materials (such as grout) or for functional isolation. Its uniformity and precision are crucial for the quality of subsequent material filling. The formation of interlayer gaps can be achieved in various ways. In addition to laying the gasket 6, it can also be controlled by setting embedded supports at the edges of the prefabricated layer structure 1 or by using adjustable temporary support devices. The interlayer gap is a space reserved for the grout bonding layer 2. Its uniformity directly affects the quality of the grout bonding layer 2 and the overall performance of the bridge deck structure.

[0066] The solution proposed in this application, in order to ensure the quality and uniformity of the grout bonding layer 2 between adjacent precast layer structures 1 during the construction method of the aforementioned concrete bridge deck structure, involves laying shims 6 on the top surface of the already installed precast layer structures 1 before hoisting the middle layer precast structure 12 or the top layer precast structure 13. These shims 6, acting as precise spacers, effectively control the vertical distance between the subsequently hoisted precast layer structure 1 and the lower installed precast layer structure 1, thereby forming a pre-set, uniform interlayer joint. When the upper precast layer structure 1 is hoisted and placed on these shims 6, the shims 6 provide stable support and precisely define the height of the interlayer joint. Thus, in the subsequent grouting step, the grout can uniformly fill the entire interlayer joint, forming a grout bonding layer 2 of consistent thickness and high density, thereby ensuring effective connection between the layers of the bridge deck structure and its overall load-bearing performance.

[0067] In some embodiments described above in this application, a structural construction method for prefabricated thick concrete bridge decks is proposed. This method involves prefabricating multiple prefabricated layer structures 1, sequentially hoisting and connecting them vertically, simultaneously injecting grout between adjacent prefabricated layer structures 1 to form a grout connection layer 2, and pouring wet joint 102 concrete in each layer. However, during the pouring of wet joint 102 concrete, if the stress characteristics inside the wet joint 102 are not considered, uneven density and strength development of the concrete in key stress areas may occur, thereby affecting the overall structural performance and durability of the wet joint 102. Especially under complex stress conditions, there may be a risk of local stress concentration or premature cracking.

[0068] In this regard, this application further proposes the following steps for pouring the wet joint 102 concrete: First, pour the pressure zone of the precast layer structure 1; Then pour the tension zone of the precast layer structure 1.

[0069] First, the compression zone of the precast layer structure 1 is poured. This means that during the concrete pouring process of the wet joint 102, the areas of the precast layer structure 1 that mainly bear compressive stress under dead load or construction load are poured first. This is to ensure that the concrete in these key compression zones fully utilizes its compressive strength and stores permanent compressive stress. For example, based on structural design and stress analysis, the concrete in the wet joint 102 located above the positive bending moment area or below the negative bending moment area of ​​the bridge deck can be identified as the compression zone and poured first. Next, the tension zone of the precast layer structure 1 is poured. This means that after the concrete pouring of the compression zone is completed, the areas of the precast layer structure 1 that mainly bear tensile stress under normal service load are poured. This is to ensure that the concrete in the tension zone of the wet joint 102 releases most of the tensile stress during construction, reduces the risk of concrete cracking, and forms a good integral structure with the compression zone to jointly resist the load. For example, after the compression zone is poured, concrete can be poured in the wet joint 102, which is located below the positive bending moment region or above the negative bending moment region of the bridge deck. These regions are usually tension zones.

[0070] The proposed solution constructs a concrete bridge deck structure through the layer-by-layer hoisting and connection of precast layer 1, and the formation of grout bonding layer 2 and wet joint 102 concrete. Based on this, by optimizing the pouring sequence of the wet joint 102 concrete—that is, pouring the compression zone of the precast layer 1 first, followed by the tension zone—the wet joint 102 can better adapt to its internal stress characteristics during formation. Prioritizing the pouring of the compression zone and then the compression zone ensures that the concrete can fully utilize its compressive strength in areas bearing the main compressive stress; and that the concrete in the tension zone releases most of the tensile stress during construction in advance, reducing the risk of cracking. This zoned and sequential pouring method helps reduce potential defects in critical stress areas, such as early shrinkage cracking and connection failure, thereby improving the overall load-bearing capacity and durability of the wet joint 102. This strategy, combined with the overall hoisting and connection process of the precast layer structure 1, ensures that the wet joint 102, as a key component connecting the precast slab 101, can play its structural role in a more optimized state, so that the entire bridge deck structure exhibits stronger integrity and reliability when bearing operational loads.

[0071] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0072] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0073] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A prefabricated structure for thick concrete bridge decks, characterized in that, It includes multiple prefabricated layer structures distributed vertically, with a slurry connecting layer between two adjacent prefabricated layer structures, and each prefabricated layer structure includes multiple prefabricated slabs distributed longitudinally and laterally.

2. The precast thick concrete bridge deck structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple prefabricated layer structures include a bottom prefabricated layer structure, a middle prefabricated layer structure, and a top prefabricated layer structure arranged sequentially.

3. The precast thick concrete bridge deck structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The precast plates of the middle precast layer structure and the top precast layer structure are provided with grouting holes and venting holes. The grouting holes are used for grouting to form the grout bonding layer.

4. The precast thick concrete bridge deck structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Wet joints are provided between the prefabricated panels of each of the prefabricated layer structures; The wet joints of each of the prefabricated layer structures are arranged in a staggered pattern in the vertical direction, both longitudinally and laterally.

5. The precast thick concrete bridge deck structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Vertically, a convex-concave mating structure is provided between the opposite sides of two adjacent precast slabs.

6. The precast thick concrete bridge deck structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The concave-convex mating structure includes a shear-resistant groove and a shear-resistant protrusion, which are trapezoidal in shape.

7. A construction method for prefabricated thick concrete bridge decks, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Multiple prefabricated layer structures are prefabricated, each of which consists of multiple prefabricated slabs distributed longitudinally and laterally; The prefabricated layer structures are hoisted and connected vertically in sequence, and grout is injected between two adjacent prefabricated layer structures to form a grout connection layer.

8. The construction method for prefabricated thick concrete bridge decks as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The steps of hoisting and connecting the prefabricated layer structures vertically in sequence, and injecting grout between adjacent prefabricated layer structures to form a grout bonding layer specifically include: First, the bottom precast layer structure is hoisted and the wet joint concrete is poured to form the first layer; After hoisting the bottom precast layer structure, the middle precast layer structure is hoisted. During the hoisting of the middle precast layer structure, grout is injected into the interlayer through grouting holes to form a grout connection layer. At the same time, the wet joint of this layer is poured to form the second layer. After hoisting the middle precast layer structure, hoist the top precast layer structure, and repeat the pouring and casting steps of the middle precast layer structure to form the third layer.

9. The construction method for prefabricated thick concrete bridge decks as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The steps preceding the hoisting of the middle or top precast layer structure include: Pads are laid on the top surface of the precast layer structure that has been installed and around the perimeter of the area where the precast slabs are to be installed to form interlayer joints.

10. The construction method for prefabricated thick concrete bridge decks as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The steps for pouring wet joint concrete include: First, pour the wet joints of the pressure zone of the precast layer structure; Then pour the wet joint of the tension zone of the precast layer structure.

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