Prefabricated block for retaining wall, retaining wall and construction method of retaining wall

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of road slope supporting, and particularly discloses a precast block for a retaining wall, the retaining wall and a construction method of the retaining wall. The prefabricated blocks comprise the first prefabricated block, the second prefabricated block, the third prefabricated block and the fifth prefabricated block, the first prefabricated block is of a regular hexagonal prism structure, tenons are arranged on the three adjacent side faces, matched grooves are formed in the other three adjacent side faces, and the adjacent block bodies are connected in the mode that the tenons are embedded into the grooves. The second to fifth precast blocks are all of a quarter structure of the first precast block and can be flexibly combined into different half structures of the first precast block. According to the retaining wall formed by the precast blocks, a bottom layer, a middle layer, a top layer, a left side base body structure and a right side base body structure are formed by combining the precast blocks, and the block bodies are connected through a membrane interface agent. The problems that existing precast blocks are unreliable in connection, low in standardization and low in assembly efficiency are solved, the precast block has the advantages of being stable in connection, high in universality and adaptability and convenient and fast to construct, the assembly requirements of different parts of a retaining wall can be met, and the precast block is suitable for road slope supporting engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of highway slope protection technology, and specifically relates to a precast block for retaining walls, a retaining wall, and a construction method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Retaining walls, as the core structure in highway slope protection engineering, rely directly on the rationality of precast block design and the adaptability of assembly for their stability and construction efficiency. As the core component of prefabricated retaining walls, precast blocks must meet key requirements such as reliable connection, strong adaptability, and convenient construction to achieve the core functions of resisting lateral soil pressure and preventing soil instability and deformation. With the deepening of green building concepts and the increasing demands for engineering standardization, prefabricated retaining walls have become the mainstream of industry development due to their advantages such as high construction efficiency and minimal environmental impact. However, the performance and structural design of precast blocks have become key factors restricting the widespread application of prefabricated retaining walls.

[0003] In existing technologies, traditional retaining walls mostly use cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures. While these can meet basic support requirements, they suffer from problems such as long construction cycles, poor terrain adaptability, and high environmental impact. To address these issues, prefabricated retaining walls are gradually emerging, but the current design of the supporting precast blocks still faces many technical bottlenecks:

[0004] The design of the precast block connection structure is unreasonable, and a single splicing method is often used. The interlocking strength between adjacent blocks is insufficient, which can easily lead to displacement and loosening, affecting the overall stability of the retaining wall. In addition, the specifications and types of precast blocks are complicated, and various blocks of different sizes and structures need to be matched during the assembly process. The splicing logic is complicated, which requires high operational skills from construction personnel, reduces assembly efficiency, and makes it difficult to meet the needs of rapid construction in complex terrain.

[0005] In summary, existing prefabricated blocks suffer from problems such as insufficient standardization, poor connection reliability, and low assembly efficiency, which restrict the engineering application effect of prefabricated retaining walls. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a precast block for retaining walls, a retaining wall, and a construction method thereof.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: a precast block for retaining walls, comprising a first precast block, a second precast block, a third precast block, a fourth precast block, and a fifth precast block.

[0008] The first precast block is a regular hexagonal prism structure. Among its six identical sides, three adjacent sides are provided with tenons, and the other three adjacent sides are provided with grooves corresponding to the tenons. The tenons can be embedded in the grooves, and two adjacent first precast blocks are connected by the tenons and grooves.

[0009] The second, third, fourth, and fifth precast blocks are all quarter-structures of the first precast block. The second and third precast blocks form the upper half of the first precast block, the fourth and fifth precast blocks form the lower half of the first precast block, the second and fourth precast blocks form the left half of the first precast block, and the third and fifth precast blocks form the right half of the first precast block.

[0010] Furthermore, a drainage groove is provided on the side wall of the first precast block along its axial length.

[0011] Furthermore, there are multiple drainage channels, each corresponding to one of the edges of the first precast block regular hexagonal prism.

[0012] Furthermore, the first precast block has embedded hoisting steel bars inside, and hoisting holes are also provided on the first precast block, through which the hoisting steel bars pass.

[0013] Furthermore, the tenon includes a vertical tenon and two side tenons. The vertical tenon is fixed on one side of the first precast block, and the length of the vertical tenon is equal to the width of the side of the first precast block. The two side tenons are fixed one-to-one on the sides of the two first precast blocks adjacent to the vertical tenon. The length of the two side tenons is less than the width of the side of the first precast block.

[0014] Furthermore, the groove includes a bottom groove and two side grooves. The bottom groove is formed on the side of the first precast block opposite to the vertical tenon, and the structure of the bottom groove corresponds to the structure of the vertical tenon. The two side grooves are formed one-to-one on the side of the two first precast blocks adjacent to the bottom groove, and the structure of the side grooves corresponds to the structure of the side tenons.

[0015] A retaining wall is constructed from the aforementioned prefabricated blocks; a plurality of first prefabricated blocks, a plurality of second prefabricated blocks, and a plurality of third prefabricated blocks constitute a bottom substrate structure; a plurality of first prefabricated blocks constitute an intermediate substrate structure, the bottom of which is connected to the top of the bottom substrate structure; a plurality of first prefabricated blocks, a plurality of fourth prefabricated blocks, and a plurality of fifth prefabricated blocks constitute a top substrate structure, the bottom of which is connected to the top of the intermediate substrate structure; the top substrate structure, the bottom substrate structure, and the intermediate substrate structure form a substrate structure; a plurality of third prefabricated blocks and a plurality of fifth prefabricated blocks constitute a left-side substrate structure, which is connected to the left side of the substrate structure; a plurality of second prefabricated blocks and a plurality of fourth prefabricated blocks constitute a right-side substrate structure, which is connected to the right side of the substrate structure; the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth prefabricated blocks are all connected by a membrane interface agent.

[0016] Furthermore, a cushion layer is provided at the bottom of the retaining wall, and a capping layer is provided at the top of the retaining wall. Both the cushion layer and the capping layer are cast-in-place concrete structures.

[0017] A method for constructing a retaining wall, comprising the following steps: Excavate to the bottom elevation of the roadbed, locate the position of the subbase layer on the foundation and pour concrete. Before the subbase layer initially sets, install the bottom base structure, then install the middle base structure and the top connection in sequence. The left and right base structures are installed simultaneously with the base structure, the middle base structure and the top base structure.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention breaks through existing bottlenecks from multiple dimensions, including connection reliability, standardization level, assembly efficiency and adaptability, providing key support for the efficient construction and stable support of prefabricated retaining walls, and has significant engineering practicality and economic value.

[0019] In this invention, the prefabricated blocks are centered on a first prefabricated block with a regular hexagonal prism structure. The first prefabricated block has protrusions on three adjacent sides and matching grooves on the other three adjacent sides, forming a multi-directional tenon and mortise interlocking structure. Adjacent blocks are precisely embedded through the protrusions and grooves, achieving both horizontal and vertical dual positioning, which greatly improves the connection stability and effectively avoids displacement and loosening problems. The second to fifth prefabricated blocks are quarter-division units of the first prefabricated block, each with its own protrusions or grooves, which can interlock with the first prefabricated block and each other, further strengthening the overall structure.

[0020] Meanwhile, this modular and modular design significantly improves standardization and versatility. It can cover various structural requirements of retaining walls with only five types of prefabricated blocks, eliminating the need to design multiple independent specifications of components. This reduces the investment in production molds and inventory management costs, and meets the requirements of standardized construction in engineering.

[0021] In addition, the precast blocks have a clear combination relationship and simple splicing logic. Construction workers can quickly master the assembly essentials without complicated training. The precise positioning and docking of the blocks reduces on-site adjustment time and greatly improves assembly efficiency. It is especially suitable for the rapid construction needs of highway slope support in complex terrain, and can flexibly meet the assembly requirements of different parts such as the bottom layer, top layer, left and right sides of the retaining wall without the need for additional special components. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the prefabricated block of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first prefabricated block of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first prefabricated block of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the retaining wall structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the retaining wall of the present invention.

[0023] Among them, 1-first precast block, 10-drainage groove, 11-protruding tenon, 111-vertical protruding tenon, 112-side protruding tenon, 12-groove, 121-bottom groove, 122-side groove, 13-lifting steel bar, 2-second precast block, 3-third precast block, 4-fourth precast block, 5-fifth precast block, 61-base layer, 62-coping. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is combined Figures 1 to 5 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0025] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0026] Example 1 like Figure 1 The precast blocks shown include a first precast block 1, a second precast block 2, a third precast block 3, a fourth precast block 4, and a fifth precast block 5. For example... Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the first precast block 1 is a regular hexagonal prism structure. On three adjacent sides of its six identical structural faces, tenons 11 are provided, and on the other three adjacent sides, grooves 12 corresponding to the tenons 11 are provided. The tenons 11 can be embedded in the grooves 12, and adjacent first precast blocks 1 are connected by the tenons 11 and the grooves 12. The second precast block 2, the third precast block 3, the fourth precast block 4, and the fifth precast block 5 are all quarter-structures of the first precast block 1. The second precast block 2 and the third precast block 3 form the upper half of the first precast block 1, the fourth precast block 4 and the fifth precast block 5 form the lower half of the first precast block 1, the second precast block 2 and the fourth precast block 4 form the left half of the first precast block 1, and the third precast block 3 and the fifth precast block 5 form the right half of the first precast block 1.

[0027] Preferably, a drainage groove 10 is provided on the side wall of the first precast block 1 along its axial length.

[0028] Preferably, there are multiple drainage channels 10, and the multiple drainage channels 10 are located one-to-one on the edge of the regular hexagonal prism of the first precast block 1.

[0029] Preferably, the first precast block 1 has a pre-embedded hoisting steel bar 13 inside, and the first precast block 1 is also provided with a hoisting hole, through which the hoisting steel bar 13 passes.

[0030] Preferably, the tenon 11 includes a vertical tenon 111 and two side tenons 112. The vertical tenon 111 is fixed on one side of the first precast block 1, and the length of the vertical tenon 111 is equal to the width of the side of the first precast block 1. The two side tenons 112 are fixed one-to-one on the two sides of the first precast block 1 adjacent to the vertical tenon 111. The length of the two side tenons 112 is less than the width of the side of the first precast block 1.

[0031] Preferably, the groove 12 includes a bottom groove 121 and two side grooves 122. The bottom groove 121 is formed on the side of the first precast block 1 opposite to the vertical tenon 111, and the structure of the bottom groove 121 corresponds to the structure of the vertical tenon 111. The two side grooves 122 are formed one-to-one on the side of the two first precast blocks 1 adjacent to the bottom groove 121, and the structure of the side grooves 122 corresponds to the structure of the side tenons 112.

[0032] It should be noted that: the second precast block 2 and the third precast block 3 each have a side tenon 112 and half of a vertical tenon 111; the fourth precast block 4 and the fifth precast block 5 each have a side groove 122 and half of a bottom groove 121.

[0033] Example 2 like Figure 4 , Figure 5The retaining wall shown is composed of prefabricated blocks as proposed in Example 1; a plurality of first prefabricated blocks 1, a plurality of second prefabricated blocks 2, and a plurality of third prefabricated blocks 3 constitute a bottom substrate structure; a plurality of first prefabricated blocks 1 constitute an intermediate substrate structure, the bottom of which is connected to the top of the bottom substrate structure; a plurality of first prefabricated blocks 1, a plurality of fourth prefabricated blocks 4, and a plurality of fifth prefabricated blocks 5 constitute a top substrate structure, the bottom of which is connected to the top of the intermediate substrate structure; the top substrate structure, the bottom substrate structure, and the intermediate substrate structure form a substrate structure; a plurality of third prefabricated blocks 3 and a plurality of fifth prefabricated blocks 5 constitute a left substrate structure, which is connected to the left side of the substrate structure; a plurality of second prefabricated blocks 2 and a plurality of fourth prefabricated blocks 4 constitute a right substrate structure, which is connected to the right side of the substrate structure; the first prefabricated blocks 1, second prefabricated blocks 2, third prefabricated blocks 3, fourth prefabricated blocks 4, and fifth prefabricated blocks 5 are all connected by a membrane interface agent.

[0034] Preferably, a cushion layer 61 is provided at the bottom of the retaining wall, and a capping layer 62 is provided at the top of the retaining wall. Both the cushion layer 61 and the capping layer 62 are cast-in-place concrete structures.

[0035] A method for constructing a retaining wall, comprising the following steps: Excavate to the bottom elevation of the roadbed, and locate the position of the cushion layer 61 and the installation position of the settlement gauge on the foundation.

[0036] Concrete is poured at the position of the foundation layer 61. Before the foundation layer 61 sets, the bottom base structure is installed. Then, the middle base structure and the top connection are installed in sequence. The left and right base structures are installed simultaneously with the base structure, the middle base structure, and the top base structure. After installation, concrete is poured on top of the top base structure to form the capping 62.

[0037] When installing the intermediate layer base structure, the bottom layer structure can be buried in the soil according to the specifications. The thickness of the cushion layer 61 and the capping layer 62 is 20cm.

[0038] If there are suitable conditions on both sides of the retaining wall, one side can be backed by a mountain and the other side can be sloped. If there are no suitable conditions on both sides of the retaining wall and both sides are open, mortar masonry can be used to restrict the left and right sides.

[0039] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precast block for retaining walls, characterized in that, It includes a first precast block, a second precast block, a third precast block, a fourth precast block, and a fifth precast block; The first precast block is a regular hexagonal prism structure. Among its six identical sides, three adjacent sides are provided with tenons, and the other three adjacent sides are provided with grooves corresponding to the tenons. The tenons can be embedded in the grooves, and two adjacent first precast blocks are connected by the tenons and grooves. The second, third, fourth, and fifth precast blocks are all quarter-structures of the first precast block. The second and third precast blocks form the upper half of the first precast block, the fourth and fifth precast blocks form the lower half of the first precast block, the second and fourth precast blocks form the left half of the first precast block, and the third and fifth precast blocks form the right half of the first precast block.

2. A precast block for retaining walls as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A drainage groove is provided on the side wall of the first precast block along its axial length.

3. A precast block for retaining walls as described in claim 2, characterized in that, There are multiple drainage channels, each corresponding to one of the edges of the first precast block regular hexagonal prism.

4. A precast block for retaining walls as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first precast block has embedded lifting steel bars inside, and the first precast block also has lifting holes through which the lifting steel bars pass.

5. A precast block for retaining walls as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tenon includes: A vertical tenon is fixed to one side of the first precast block, and the length of the vertical tenon is equal to the width of the side of the first precast block. Two side tenons are fixed one-to-one with the two first precast blocks adjacent to the vertical tenon. The length of the two side tenons is less than the width of the side of the first precast block.

6. A precast block for retaining walls as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The groove includes: The bottom groove is formed on the side of the first precast block opposite to the vertical tenon, and the structure of the bottom groove corresponds to the structure of the vertical tenon. Two side grooves are correspondingly formed on the sides of the two first precast blocks adjacent to the bottom groove, and the structure of the side grooves corresponds to the structure of the side tenons.

7. A retaining wall, characterized in that, Composed of the prefabricated blocks described in any one of claims 1-6; Multiple first prefabricated blocks, multiple second prefabricated blocks, and multiple third prefabricated blocks constitute the underlying matrix structure; Multiple first prefabricated blocks constitute an intermediate layer matrix structure, and the bottom of the intermediate layer matrix structure is connected to the top of the bottom layer matrix structure; Multiple first prefabricated blocks, multiple fourth prefabricated blocks, and multiple fifth prefabricated blocks constitute the top-level matrix structure, and the bottom of the top-level matrix structure is connected to the top of the intermediate matrix structure; The top matrix structure, the bottom matrix structure, and the intermediate matrix structure form the matrix structure; Multiple third prefabricated blocks and multiple fifth prefabricated blocks constitute the left-side base structure, which is connected to the left side of the base structure. Multiple second precast blocks and multiple fourth precast blocks constitute the right-side matrix structure, which is connected to the right side of the matrix structure. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth prefabricated blocks are all connected by a membrane interface agent.

8. A retaining wall as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The retaining wall has a base layer at its bottom and a capping layer at its top. Both the base layer and the capping layer are cast-in-place concrete structures.

9. A method for constructing a retaining wall, characterized in that, The construction of the retaining wall according to claim 8 includes the following steps: Excavate to the bottom elevation of the roadbed, locate the position of the subbase layer on the foundation and pour concrete. Before the subbase layer initially sets, install the bottom base structure, then install the middle base structure and the top connection in sequence. The left and right base structures are installed simultaneously with the base structure, the middle base structure and the top base structure.

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