Site selection method for civil airport control tower control room

Abstract

The invention relates to a site selection method for a civil airport control tower control room, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out the modeling of each building in an airport in a visibility analysis system of the control tower control room, and forming a three-dimensional model; step 2, adding key points in the range of the activity area observed by the control tower controller into the three-dimensional model in the step 1, and adding coordinates of the key points in the range of the activity area of the airport into the three-dimensional model; step 3, setting conditions influencing tower site selection; 4, comprehensively evaluating the sight incident angle, the transverse resolution angle, the key target response time, the sight shielding range and the airport target visibility of the control tower according to the site selection parameters; 5, determining the position and height of the control tower control room after all the conditions in the step 4 meet the requirements; step 6, performing flight program and aircraft performance influence analysis on the to-be-determined position and height of the control tower; 7, the position and the height of the control tower control room are finally obtained. According to the method, the site selection of the control tower can be rapidly evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for selecting the location of a control room, and more particularly to a method for selecting the location of a control room for a civil airport tower. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's civil aviation industry, the number of aircraft takeoffs and landings at civil airports has surged. To increase airport capacity, major and medium-sized airports across the country have increased the number of parking stands, built or extended runways, and constructed new terminals. While these projects have significantly increased airport capacity, they may also obstruct some parking stands and taxiways, creating blind spots in monitoring. This can lead to errors in the judgment of air traffic controllers regarding aircraft movements and their relative positions to runway boundaries at key locations in the airport's maneuvering area, such as runway entrances and taxiway intersections. Consequently, the probability of aircraft encountering scrapes or collisions within the airport's maneuvering area has greatly increased. As the command center for ensuring the safe and efficient entry and exit of aircraft from and from the airport, the location and altitude of the airport control tower directly affect controllers' observation and judgment of the dynamics of aircraft and ground vehicles within the airport's maneuvering area, impacting the safety and efficiency of airport ground operations. Furthermore, with the gradual progress of apron handover work, apron tower construction is also underway at many trunk airports. In this situation, the control tower may face the problem of relocation, or whether the existing control tower meets the requirements, so the demand for control tower site selection analysis and evaluation is also increasing.

[0003] The most basic requirement for air traffic control tower construction is that controllers standing in the tower can visually perceive the presence of aircraft or vehicles operating at the airport. Therefore, the ability to quickly evaluate the selected tower location during site selection is crucial for improving work efficiency; however, currently there is no effective method for evaluating air traffic control tower locations at airports. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower. The aim is to enable rapid location selection of the control tower through modeling, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Model each building in the airport in the tower control room visibility analysis system to form a three-dimensional model, so that the building model in the tower control room visibility analysis system can accurately and three-dimensionally present the airport layout. Step 2: Add key points within the observation activity area of ​​the tower controller in the 3D model in Step 1, and add the coordinates of key points within the airport activity area to the 3D model. Step 3: Set the conditions that affect the tower location selection, and input the parameters required for line of sight incident angle, lateral resolution angle, critical target reaction time and airport target visibility into the system; Step 4: Based on the site selection parameters, conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the tower's line-of-sight incident angle, lateral resolution angle, critical target reaction time, line-of-sight obstruction range, and airport target visibility. After all the conditions in steps 4 and 5 are met, determine the location and height of the control tower. Step 6: Conduct a flight procedure and aircraft performance impact analysis on the proposed control tower location and altitude; Once all the conditions in steps 7 and 6 are met, the final location and height of the control tower will be determined.

[0006] Furthermore, step 1 includes vertex import modeling, feature selection modeling, and feature drawing modeling; Vertex import modeling relies on structured and precise modeling based on Excel templates. When a building has precise coordinates or design data, users can fill in the three-dimensional coordinates and building attributes of each vertex in the system's preset Excel template according to the specified format, and automatically generate a complete and accurately positioned three-dimensional model through one-click import. Selective feature modeling is a rapid 3D conversion based on GIS data. For vector geographic data, it can directly achieve rapid conversion from 2D to 3D. The tower control room visibility analysis system automatically identifies areal features and their height attributes, generates 3D models in batches, and supports interactive selection and local adjustment by users. The drawing element modeling is an interactive and detailed modeling based on high-definition imagery. For local areas that lack readily available data or require special depiction, the Tower Control Room Visibility Analysis System provides hand-drawn modeling tools. The system allows users to accurately outline building contours directly on the high-definition orthophotos loaded by the Tower Control Room Visibility Analysis System, and assign names and height information in real time to generate realistic 3D models.

[0007] Furthermore, the key points in step 2 refer to important points, runway endpoints, holding points, and control handover points within the airport activity area.

[0008] Furthermore, the parameters of the key point include the key point name, key point coordinates, key point altitude, and the ground elevation of the key point location.

[0009] Furthermore, the line-of-sight incident angle mentioned in step 3 refers to the angle between the line of sight of the human eye and the runway surface, and the line-of-sight incident angle is required to be no less than 0.8°; the lateral resolution angle refers to the horizontal angle between the projections of the lines of sight of the controller in the airport tower to two key targets in the same direction on the ground, and the lateral resolution angle is required to be no less than 0.13°; the key target reaction time refers to the reaction time required from the appearance of the target to the controller's awareness when the controller identifies a key target at the runway end, and the upper limit of the key target reaction time is 4 seconds.

[0010] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the incident angle θ of the line of sight in step 4 is: θ=

[0011] Where: h is the controller's eye level. and The target coordinates; The formula for calculating the lateral resolution angle λ is: ; in and The coordinates of the first target. and The coordinates of the second target; The formula for the critical target reaction time t is:

[0012] Where R is the radius of the arc (meters), t = reaction time (seconds), and R is a function of the reaction time t; The line-of-sight obstruction range refers to the area of ​​the building that obstructs the view of the operational area when looking from the control tower. The line-of-sight obstruction range cannot be within the maneuvering area, which is the area of ​​the airport used for aircraft takeoff, landing and taxiing. Airport target visibility includes a target detection rate of no less than 95.5% and a target identification rate of no less than 11.5%.

[0013] Furthermore, the formula for the line-of-sight obstruction range of each building is: ; Where h is the height of the building's apex, H is the elevation; t is the height of the controller's line of sight floor, T is the elevation of the tower control floor; D is the distance from the building to the tower. If there is a distant visible point with a downward line of sight, then the visible point is Q, and the elevation of Q is G.

[0014] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the target detection rate or target recognition rate is as follows: ; ; in For target detection rate or recognition rate, To represent the equivalent number of target mission cycles required to achieve a 50% detection probability, when A value of 1 represents the target detection rate. A value of 3 represents the target recognition rate; The TTP formula is: ; in and , are the x-coordinates of the intersection points of the target background contrast and the system contrast threshold function, respectively; that is, the spatial frequencies of the starting and ending points of the integration, in units of cyc / mard; in this integral equation, Target contrast CTF (Contrast Threshold Function) eye The low spatial frequency is very close to zero. Target contrast Exceeding the human eye's contrast threshold function High spatial frequency; The calculation formula is: ; The average brightness or temperature of the scene surrounding the aircraft or vehicle; The difference between the average brightness or temperature of the aircraft or vehicle and its background; The standard deviation of brightness or temperature of an aircraft or vehicle; It is the contrast at zero distance from the target. It is atmospheric transmittance; The formula for calculating CTF is: ; in ; ; ; or ; Spatial frequency; Target brightness; The length of the aircraft or vehicle; The wingspan of an aircraft or vehicle. R represents the altitude of the aircraft or vehicle; R represents the distance between the controller in the control tower and the target being observed. and It is divided into the modulation transfer function of atmospheric turbulence and the transfer function of aerosols, where the modulation transfer function of atmospheric turbulence is: ; in Spatial frequency; The atmospheric refractive index structure constant; λ is the wavelength; R is the distance between the tower controller and the observed target; is a constant coefficient, 1 for the near field and 0.5 for the far field; D is the entrance pupil diameter of the imaging optical system; The transfer function of an aerosol is: ; in The absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosols; R is the scattering coefficient of atmospheric aerosols; R is the distance between the tower controller and the observed target. Spatial frequency; The angular spatial cutoff frequency of the aerosol is given by... It means that, among them Radius of major aerosol particles in the atmosphere.

[0015] The advantages and effects of this invention are as follows: This invention uses input information such as the height and location of the control tower, key location points, and airport building information to perform 3D simulation modeling of the airport. It then derives data such as line-of-sight obstruction range, line-of-sight incident angle, lateral resolution angle, target detection rate, target recognition rate, and key target reaction time. These data serve as visibility indicators to determine whether the control tower meets regulatory requirements and are crucial for evaluating its height and location. This invention enables rapid evaluation of control tower location selection, saving time and improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral resolution angle of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the reaction time of key targets in this invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the TTP criterion of this invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the incident angle achieved by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the line-of-sight obstruction range of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Model each building in the airport in the tower control room visibility analysis system to form a 3D model, so that the building model in the tower control room visibility analysis system can accurately and three-dimensionally present the airport layout; including vertex import modeling, element selection modeling, and element drawing modeling.

[0024] Vertex import modeling relies on structured and precise modeling using Excel templates. When a building has accurate coordinates or design data, users can fill in the 3D coordinates and building attributes of each vertex in the system's pre-set Excel template according to the specified format. A complete and accurately positioned 3D model can be automatically generated with one click. This modeling method is suitable for scenarios with existing accurate coordinate data, such as construction drawings, survey reports, or BIM model exported data. It can generate regular buildings in batches, greatly improving modeling efficiency and ensuring that the model completely matches the actual space. The standardized and traceable modeling process reduces human intervention and ensures data consistency and reliability.

[0025] Selective feature modeling is a rapid 3D transformation based on GIS data. For vector geographic data, it can directly achieve rapid conversion from 2D to 3D. The tower control room visibility analysis system automatically identifies areal features and their height attributes, generates 3D models in batches, and supports interactive selection and local adjustments by users. Selective feature modeling makes full use of existing data assets, avoids repeated collection and drawing, and shortens the project cycle. It allows for flexible selection and batch operation, allowing users to freely select one or more features to generate models and adjust information such as height uniformly or individually. It can quickly build large-scale scenes, and is particularly suitable for rapidly 3D modeling of buildings around airports, quickly building the overall environment required for visibility analysis.

[0026] The drawing element modeling is an interactive and detailed modeling system based on high-definition imagery. For areas lacking readily available data or requiring focused depiction, the tower control room visibility analysis system provides hand-drawn modeling tools. These tools allow for accurate delineation of building outlines directly on the high-definition orthophotos loaded into the system, with real-time assignment of names and height information to generate realistic 3D models. The system features intuitive operation, relying on high-resolution base maps to achieve precise outline tracing, making it particularly suitable for irregular shapes or newly added structures. It offers highly flexible creative capabilities, supporting the drawing and point-by-point editing of complex shapes to meet the needs of detail refinement and personalized modeling. Furthermore, it effectively supplements and corrects existing models, perfecting data gaps or optimizing local details of existing models to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the 3D scene.

[0027] Step 2: Add key points within the control tower's observation activity area. Add the coordinates of key points within the airport's activity area to the 3D model. Key points refer to important points, runway endpoints, holding points, and control handover points within the airport's activity area. Key point parameters include key point name, key point coordinates, key point altitude, and the ground elevation of the key point's location. The airport activity area includes the maneuvering area and the apron; the maneuvering area is the area of ​​the airport used for aircraft takeoff, landing, and taxiing.

[0028] Step 3: Set the conditions that affect the tower location selection, and input the parameters required for line of sight incident angle, lateral resolution angle, critical target reaction time and airport target visibility into the system.

[0029] The angle of incidence of line of sight refers to the angle between the line of sight of a person and the runway surface. It is required that the angle of incidence of line of sight be no less than 0.8°. This means that the distance between the airport control tower and key locations in the airport maneuvering area (runway entrance, taxiway intersection, etc.) and the height of the airport control tower must ensure that controllers in the airport control room can distinguish the airport runway boundaries, the distance between aircraft and facilities and vehicles in the airfield, and the positional relationship between aircraft and key points such as the runway entrance.

[0030] Lateral resolution refers to the horizontal angle between the projections of the controller's line of sight from the control tower to two key targets in the same direction onto the ground. It is required to be no less than 0.13°. The size of the lateral resolution is crucial for controllers to prevent mutual obstruction between aircraft or vehicles at key locations in the airport's maneuvering area, such as runway thresholds, taxiway intersections, and intersections of taxiways and patrol roads. Figure 2 As shown, the tower coordinates are (0, 0), and the coordinates of the first target A are (...). ), Coordinates of the first target B ( ), where λ is the lateral resolution angle.

[0031] Critical target reaction time refers to the reaction time required from the appearance of a critical target to the time the tower controller becomes aware of it when the target is identified at the runway end. The upper limit for critical target reaction time is 4 seconds.

[0032] Step 4, as follows Figure 1 As shown, the tower's line-of-sight incident angle, lateral resolution angle, critical target reaction time, line-of-sight obstruction range, and airport target visibility are comprehensively evaluated based on the site selection parameters.

[0033] The formula for calculating the incident angle θ of the line of sight is: θ= ; Where: h is the controller's eye level. and The target coordinates;

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, by establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system, the angle of incidence θ of the line of sight is calculated as follows: (1) With the location of the control tower as the origin, the controller's eye level is 130 meters; (2) Determine key point A ( ) = (1000, 1500); (3) Calculate the angle of incidence θ of the line of sight according to the above formula. θ = 4.12°. The angle of incidence θ of the line of sight is greater than 0.8°, which meets the requirements.

[0035] The formula for calculating the lateral resolution angle λ is: ; in and The coordinates of the first target. and The coordinates of the second target are given; calculating the lateral resolution angle does not involve calculating the vertical coordinates, but only requires calculation using two-dimensional planar coordinates, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the lateral resolution angle λ is calculated as follows: (1) The location of the control tower is taken as the origin; (2) Determine the two-dimensional plane coordinates of point A as A( ) = (3000, 200), the two-dimensional plane coordinates of point B are B ( = (3500, 150); (3) Calculate the lateral resolution angle λ based on the above formula and the coordinates of points A and B. The lateral resolution λ is greater than 0.13°, which meets the requirements.

[0036] The formula for the critical target reaction time t is: ;

[0037] Where R is the radius of the arc (meters), t = reaction time (seconds), and R is a function of the reaction time t; like Figure 3 As shown, for the existing or planned control tower location C and runway end B: 1) Draw a line CB and a perpendicular bisector at point F; 2) Draw a line perpendicular to the center line of the runway at point B, so that it intersects the perpendicular line from F at point D; 3) D is the center of a circle with radius DB and a circumference passing through C, where DB is in meters; 4) In the formula R=195* This value is used instead of R in this context.

[0038] The control tower is located at point C. Calculate the critical response time of the control tower operator at point C to runway end B. Assuming the distance between BC and runway is 2400m, and BC forms a 20° angle with the runway, then ∠FBD = 70°, BD = BF / cos(70°) = 3508m. =4.24 seconds. The reaction time of this critical target is greater than 4 seconds, so it does not meet the requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to relocate or change the location parameters. So if Figure 3 In the example shown, the distance R at the end of the runway (B) is 3120 meters, therefore, For the control tower position C and the runway end A, the reaction time can be calculated as follows: 3 seconds, therefore it meets the requirements.

[0039] The visual obstruction area refers to the area of ​​the view that a building blocks when looking towards the activity area from the control tower. The visual obstruction area must not be within the maneuvering area, and should ideally maintain visibility over the activity area. The maneuvering area is the area of ​​the airport used for aircraft takeoff, landing, and taxiing, excluding the apron; the activity area includes both the maneuvering area and the apron. Figure 6 As shown, the ground is represented by a thick solid line. There are building X and control tower Y. The height of the building's apex is h, and its elevation is H. The controller's line of sight is t above the control floor, and the elevation of the control tower floor is T. The distance from the building to the control tower is D. If there is a distant visible point with a downward line of sight, then the visible point is Q, and the elevation of Q is G. ; Therefore, the visual obstruction range of this building is: ; It can calculate the range of visual obstruction of the control tower's viewpoint by terminals, buildings, etc.

[0040] If H=30m, h=25m, G=10m, T=100m, t=1.5m, the calculation is as follows: ; That is, the area within 1935 meters outside the building is a visual obstruction zone. If the visual obstruction zone is within the traffic area, then the site selection condition does not meet the requirements.

[0041] Airport target visibility includes a target detection probability of no less than 95.5% and a target recognition probability of no less than 11.5%. The formulas for calculating the target detection probability and target recognition probability are as follows: ; ; in For target detection rate or recognition rate, To represent the equivalent number of target mission cycles required to achieve a 50% detection probability, when A value of 1 represents the target detection rate. A value of 3 represents the target recognition rate;

[0042] The TTP formula is: ; in and , are the x-coordinates of the intersection points of the target background contrast and the system contrast threshold function, respectively; that is, the spatial frequencies of the starting and ending points of the integration, in units of cyc / mard; in this integral equation, Target contrast CTF (Contrast Threshold Function) eye The low spatial frequency is very close to zero. Target contrast Exceeding the human eye's contrast threshold function High spatial frequency; The calculation formula is: ; The average brightness or temperature of the scene surrounding the aircraft or vehicle; The difference between the average brightness or temperature of the aircraft or vehicle and its background; The standard deviation of brightness or temperature of an aircraft or vehicle; It is the contrast at zero distance from the target. It is atmospheric transmittance; The formula for calculating CTF is: ; in ; ; ; or ; Spatial frequency; Target brightness; The length of the aircraft or vehicle; The wingspan of an aircraft or vehicle. R represents the altitude of the aircraft or vehicle; R represents the distance between the controller in the control tower and the target being observed. and It is divided into the modulation transfer function of atmospheric turbulence and the transfer function of aerosols, where the modulation transfer function of atmospheric turbulence is: ; in Spatial frequency; The atmospheric refractive index structure constant; λ is the wavelength; R is the distance between the tower controller and the observed target; is a constant coefficient, 1 for the near field and 0.5 for the far field; D is the entrance pupil diameter of the imaging optical system; The transfer function of an aerosol is: ; in The absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosols; R is the scattering coefficient of atmospheric aerosols; R is the distance between the tower controller and the observed target. Spatial frequency; The angular spatial cutoff frequency of the aerosol is given by... It means that, among them Radius of major aerosol particles in the atmosphere.

[0043] Taking a 4E airport runway in China as an example, the runway length is 3400m, the airport elevation is 47m, the control tower height is 60.8m, the weather is clear, and considering the influence of slight atmospheric turbulence and high-frequency aerosols, the atmospheric visibility is set to 10 kilometers. The target detection rate and target recognition rate are set to V50 of 1 and 3, respectively. The control tower is approximately 2140 meters from the key point, i.e., R = 2140 meters, and the target contrast is 0.6.

[0044] Aerosol transfer function calculation:

[0045] Calculation of atmospheric turbulence modulation transfer function: ; according to Figure 4 , For the performance calculations of aircraft or vehicles targeting missions, side observations should be used as the basis for both the Cessna 172 and the tractor unit.

[0046] When calculating the probability of detection, V50 is set to 1:

[0047] When calculating the probability of recognition, V50 is set to 3:

[0048] Target detection rate: ; The target recognition rate is: ;

[0049] It can be seen that when V50 is 1, the target detection rate is 99.8%; when V50 is 3, the target recognition rate is 85.4%, which meets the requirements.

[0050] After all the conditions in steps 5 and 4 are met, the location and height of the control tower are determined; this indicates that the selected address coordinates are initially suitable for the construction of the control tower.

[0051] Step 6: Perform a flight procedure and aircraft performance impact analysis on the proposed control tower location and altitude. The flight procedure and aircraft performance impact analysis of the determined control tower location and altitude can be performed using known technologies, such as the Instrument Flight Procedure 3D Design System (patent number 2014104233231).

[0052] Step 7: Once the initial site selection for the control tower meets the requirements, and the coordinates of the selected site have been analyzed for their impact on flight procedures and aircraft performance, the coordinates of the selected site can be determined as the final location and altitude of the control tower.

[0053] The tower control room visibility analysis system used in this invention is existing technology and is a commercially available product of Shenyang Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control Surveying and Design Co., Ltd.

[0054] The above description is merely one embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: Model each building in the airport in the tower control room visibility analysis system to form a three-dimensional model, so that the building model in the tower control room visibility analysis system can accurately and three-dimensionally present the airport layout. Step 2: Add key points within the observation activity area of ​​the tower controller in the 3D model in Step 1, and add the coordinates of key points within the airport activity area to the 3D model. Step 3: Set the conditions that affect the tower location selection, and input the parameters required for line of sight incident angle, lateral resolution angle, critical target reaction time and airport target visibility into the system; Step 4: Based on the site selection parameters, conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the tower's line-of-sight incident angle, lateral resolution angle, critical target reaction time, line-of-sight obstruction range, and airport target visibility. After all the conditions in steps 4 and 5 are met, determine the location and height of the control tower. Step 6: Conduct a flight procedure and aircraft performance impact analysis on the proposed control tower location and altitude; Once all the conditions in steps 7 and 6 are met, the final location and height of the control tower will be determined.

2. The method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Step 1 includes vertex import modeling, feature selection modeling, and feature drawing modeling; Vertex import modeling relies on structured and precise modeling based on Excel templates. When a building has precise coordinates or design data, users can fill in the three-dimensional coordinates and building attributes of each vertex in the system's preset Excel template according to the specified format, and automatically generate a complete and accurately positioned three-dimensional model through one-click import. Selective feature modeling is a rapid 3D conversion based on GIS data. For vector geographic data, it can directly achieve rapid conversion from 2D to 3D. The tower control room visibility analysis system automatically identifies areal features and their height attributes, generates 3D models in batches, and supports interactive selection and local adjustment by users. The drawing element modeling is an interactive and detailed modeling based on high-definition imagery. For local areas that lack readily available data or require special depiction, the Tower Control Room Visibility Analysis System provides hand-drawn modeling tools. The system allows users to accurately outline building contours directly on the high-definition orthophotos loaded by the Tower Control Room Visibility Analysis System, and assign names and height information in real time to generate realistic 3D models.

3. The method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The key points in step 2 refer to important points, runway endpoints, holding points, and control handover points within the airport activity area.

4. The method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that... The parameters of the key points include the key point name, key point coordinates, key point altitude, and the ground elevation of the key point location.

5. The method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The line-of-sight incident angle mentioned in step 3 refers to the angle between the line of sight of the human eye and the runway surface, and the line-of-sight incident angle is required to be no less than 0.8°; the lateral resolution angle refers to the horizontal angle between the projections of the line of sight of the controller in the airport tower to two key targets in the same direction on the ground, and the lateral resolution angle is required to be no less than 0.13°; the critical target reaction time refers to the reaction time required from the appearance of the target to the controller's awareness when the controller identifies the key target at the runway end, and the upper limit of the critical target reaction time is 4 seconds.

6. The method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The formula for calculating the incident angle θ of the line of sight in step 4 is: θ= ; Where: h is the controller's eye level. and The target coordinates; The formula for calculating the lateral resolution angle λ is: ； in and The coordinates of the first target. and The coordinates of the second target; The formula for the critical target reaction time t is: ； Where R is the radius of the arc (meters), t = reaction time (seconds), and R is a function of the reaction time t; The line-of-sight obstruction range refers to the area of ​​the building that obstructs the view of the operational area when looking from the control tower. The line-of-sight obstruction range cannot be within the maneuvering area, which is the area of ​​the airport used for aircraft takeoff, landing and taxiing. Airport target visibility includes a target detection rate of no less than 95.5% and a target identification rate of no less than 11.5%.

7. The method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower as described in claim 6, characterized in that... The formula for the line-of-sight obstruction range of each building is: ； Where h is the height of the building's apex, H is the elevation; t is the height of the controller's line of sight floor, T is the elevation of the tower control floor; D is the distance from the building to the tower. If there is a distant visible point with a downward line of sight, then the visible point is Q, and the elevation of Q is G.

8. The method for selecting the location of a civil airport control tower as described in claim 6, characterized in that... The formulas for calculating the probability of target detection and the probability of target recognition are as follows: ; ; in For target detection rate or recognition rate, To represent the equivalent number of target mission cycles required to achieve a 50% detection probability, when A value of 1 represents the target detection rate. A value of 3 represents the target recognition rate; The TTP formula is: ； in and , are the x-coordinates of the intersection points of the target background contrast and the system contrast threshold function, respectively; that is, the spatial frequencies of the starting and ending points of the integration, in units of cyc / mard; in this integral equation, Target contrast CTF (Contrast Threshold Function) eye The low spatial frequency is very close to zero. Target contrast Exceeding the human eye's contrast threshold function High spatial frequency; The calculation formula is: ； The average brightness or temperature of the scene surrounding the aircraft or vehicle; The difference between the average brightness or temperature of the aircraft or vehicle and its background; The standard deviation of brightness or temperature of an aircraft or vehicle; It is the contrast at zero distance from the target. It is atmospheric transmittance; The formula for calculating CTF is: ； in ; ; ; or ; Spatial frequency; Target brightness; The length of the aircraft or vehicle; The wingspan of an aircraft or vehicle. R represents the altitude of the aircraft or vehicle; R represents the distance between the controller in the control tower and the target being observed. and It is divided into the modulation transfer function of atmospheric turbulence and the transfer function of aerosols, where the modulation transfer function of atmospheric turbulence is: ； in Spatial frequency; The atmospheric refractive index structure constant; λ is the wavelength; R is the distance between the tower controller and the observed target; is a constant coefficient, 1 for the near field and 0.5 for the far field; D is the entrance pupil diameter of the imaging optical system; The transfer function of an aerosol is: ； in The absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosols; R is the scattering coefficient of atmospheric aerosols; R is the distance between the tower controller and the observed target. Spatial frequency; The angular spatial cutoff frequency of the aerosol is given by... It means that among them Radius of major aerosol particles in the atmosphere.

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