Gravity dam foundation surface three-dimensional modeling method and device and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a gravity dam foundation surface three-dimensional modeling method and device and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. The modeling method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring a three-dimensional geologic model and dam body information, and fusing a multi-stratum interface to generate a comprehensive reference geologic surface; and then independent geological areas corresponding to all dam sections are segmented according to dam body transverse seams and contours. The foundation surface is constructed through two-stage optimization: in the first stage, in the dam axis direction, the step form of a horizontal riding track surface and an inclined slope surface is optimized and determined with the purpose of minimizing the elevation deviation; in the second stage, in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the dam, a horizontal section-transition slope section-horizontal section model is adopted for conducting elevation fine adjustment on the riding track subsections. And finally, all dam section optimization results are integrated, and a complete gravity dam foundation surface three-dimensional model fitting geology is generated. According to the method, the crossing from two-dimensional experience design to three-dimensional intelligent optimization is realized, and the design efficiency, safety and economy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology, especially the design of pumped storage power stations. Specifically, it relates to a method, equipment, and storage medium for three-dimensional modeling of gravity dam foundation surfaces based on a three-dimensional geological model. Background Technology

[0002] Concrete gravity dams are a major type of dam in water conservancy and hydropower projects. Their stability and economy depend to a large extent on the design and site selection of the foundation surface—the interface between the dam body and the foundation. The optimal foundation surface must meet the mechanical requirements of dam foundation bearing capacity and anti-sliding stability, while avoiding unfavorable geological bodies such as weak interlayers, fault fracture zones, and areas with dense fissures as much as possible, and be located on rock strata of good quality to achieve a balance between project safety and cost.

[0003] Currently, the design of gravity dam foundation surfaces mainly relies on two-dimensional drawings and engineers' experience. Its typical process and inherent limitations include:

[0004] First, the design work was based on limited geological profiles. Engineers manually determined key elements such as trail elevations and slope lines on multiple two-dimensional profiles, and then coordinated them through spatial visualization. This method is difficult to accurately reflect complex three-dimensional geological features such as the undulation of weak weathering lines and the spatial distribution of faults, and can easily lead to the design section unexpectedly intersecting with unfavorable geological bodies in three-dimensional space, posing safety hazards.

[0005] Secondly, this process relies heavily on the subjective experience and judgment of the designers. There is a lack of unified, quantitative decision-making models and standardized evaluation criteria for key parameters such as the slope of the graded excavation and the location of the access road, resulting in poor repeatability of the design outcomes and inconsistent quality among different individuals.

[0006] More importantly, the aforementioned two-dimensional, experience-based design model is severely out of sync with contemporary three-dimensional geological modeling technology. With advancements in geological exploration technology, three-dimensional geological models capable of accurately characterizing rock mass weathering, lithological zoning, and structural distribution have become standard practice in engineering projects. However, existing design processes cannot fully utilize the vast amount of attribute information contained within these models. Geological models and design models are often independent of each other; the design process is essentially based on a generalized understanding of geological conditions, rather than real-time, precise interaction and adaptation with specific, continuous three-dimensional geological data. This makes it difficult for foundation surface design schemes to achieve the theoretical goal of "optimal fit" with geological conditions.

[0007] In recent years, although 3D design technology has been applied in the field of water conservancy engineering, its application in the crucial stage of foundation surface design is mostly limited to 3D visualization or parametric modeling based on fixed rules. It has not fundamentally solved the core problem of how to automatically generate and optimize the foundation surface morphology based on the attribute data of 3D geological models. When dam lines are adjusted or geological models are updated, the entire design still requires extensive manual modifications, resulting in low iteration efficiency and failing to meet the rapid iteration requirements of modern, intelligent engineering design.

[0008] Therefore, existing technologies lack an intelligent method capable of deeply integrating three-dimensional geological information and automatically generating and optimizing three-dimensional models of gravity dam foundation surfaces. Developing such a method is of urgent practical significance for improving the scientific nature of design, ensuring engineering safety, increasing design efficiency, and promoting the digital transformation of water conservancy projects. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a three-dimensional modeling method, device, and storage medium for gravity dam foundation surfaces. This addresses the challenges of traditional two-dimensional empirical design methods failing to deeply integrate with three-dimensional geological models, design processes relying on subjective experience, low iteration efficiency, and the failure of existing three-dimensional design technologies to achieve intelligent optimization driven by geological attribute data. The goal is to achieve precise, automatic, and optimal adaptation of the foundation surface to complex geological conditions in three-dimensional space.

[0010] This invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution: a three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam, comprising:

[0011] Acquire 3D geological model, 3D dam model, and information on the layout of transverse joints in the dam;

[0012] Based on the aforementioned three-dimensional geological model and dam height parameters, a comprehensive reference geological surface is generated;

[0013] Based on the information on the layout of the transverse joints of the dam body and the three-dimensional model of the dam body, multiple independent geological regions corresponding to each dam section are segmented from the comprehensive reference geological surface.

[0014] For each independent geological region, along the dam axis, the comprehensive reference geological surface is fitted using a combination of a horizontal walkway and an inclined slope to generate a stepped initial foundation surface. In the direction perpendicular to the dam axis, the horizontal walkway in the stepped initial foundation surface is segmented, and the walkway elevation is finely adjusted and optimized within each segment according to the trend of the comprehensive reference geological surface to generate an optimized dam section foundation surface.

[0015] The optimized foundation surfaces of all dam sections are integrated to form a complete three-dimensional model of the gravity dam foundation surface.

[0016] This invention directly introduces and utilizes a three-dimensional geological model as the design basis, placing all fitting and optimization operations in a real three-dimensional space, thus completely overcoming the inherent defects of traditional two-dimensional profile design. This enables the generated gravity dam foundation surface (including its multi-level walkways and complex slopes) to accurately identify and avoid irregularly distributed undulating weathering lines, fault fracture zones, and other unfavorable geological bodies in space. It fundamentally avoids the hidden risks such as "intersection between the design surface and unfavorable geological bodies" that may occur due to simplified two-dimensional representation, significantly improving the inherent safety level of the dam foundation project.

[0017] This invention employs a fitting method along the dam axis that connects a horizontal walkway to an inclined slope, and fine-tunes the walkway elevation laterally based on geological features. Essentially, it transforms the traditional qualitative judgment, reliant on individual engineer experience, into a quantitative optimization problem based on a well-defined mathematical model (such as minimizing the sum of squared elevation residuals). Key design parameters, such as walkway length, slope gradient, and elevation adjustment, are automatically optimized and determined by the algorithm under established design specifications. This process effectively eliminates subjective arbitrariness, ensuring that design decisions are verifiable and standardized, significantly improving the scientific rigor, objectivity, and repeatability of the design outcomes.

[0018] This invention automates and programs the entire foundation surface design process, overcoming the inefficiencies of traditional manual methods that involve repeated coordination across multiple cross-sections. Once initial data such as a 3D geological model and dam model are input, the system automatically completes geological surface integration, regional segmentation, and two-stage optimization fitting, rapidly generating a high-quality 3D foundation surface model. More importantly, when geological exploration data is updated or dam design schemes (such as dam height and transverse joint layout) change, only the input needs to be updated and the algorithm re-executed to obtain a new optimized design scheme in a very short time, eliminating the need for manual adjustments from scratch. This significantly shortens the design cycle and enhances the dynamic response capability to changes in schemes and the comparison of multiple schemes.

[0019] This invention elevates the 3D geological model from a static background reference to a core data source driving design optimization. The first generated "comprehensive reference geological surface" is an intelligent fusion and engineering interpretation of multi-source geological information (such as different weathering layers). The subsequent two-stage optimization—axis alignment fitting and lateral elevation fine-tuning—both aim to actively conform to the spatial morphology of this geological surface. This ensures that every step and slope of the final foundation surface sits on suitable strata with excellent rock quality to the greatest extent possible, while intelligently avoiding unfavorable geological areas such as weak interlayers. Under the premise of ensuring the stability and safety of the dam foundation, this significantly optimizes the excavation work and achieves the optimal balance between engineering safety and economy.

[0020] Furthermore, generating the comprehensive reference geological surface specifically includes:

[0021] The range of weathering degree of the target rock mass is determined according to the dam height and foundation surface selection specifications;

[0022] Extract at least two geological interfaces of different rock layers corresponding to the range of weathering degree from the three-dimensional geological model;

[0023] The elevation information of the at least two geological interfaces on the horizontal projection plane is fused to generate a single comprehensive reference geological surface.

[0024] By intelligently selecting geological interfaces of multiple relevant weathered layers based on dam height and specifications, and integrating their elevation information to generate a single comprehensive reference geological surface, the method of this invention transforms complex geological knowledge into a decision benchmark that can be directly used in engineering. It automatically clarifies the spatial trend target of the foundation surface, significantly reduces the reliance on manual geological interpretation, and ensures a high degree of consistency between the design starting point and geological conditions and specification requirements.

[0025] Furthermore, the elevation information of the at least two geological interfaces on the horizontal projection plane is fused, including:

[0026] A sampling grid is set on the horizontal projection plane;

[0027] For each grid point, read the elevation values ​​of the at least two geological interfaces at that grid point;

[0028] Calculate the average of all the elevation values ​​read at the grid point, and use that average as the comprehensive elevation at the grid point.

[0029] Based on the comprehensive elevation of all grid points, a gridded comprehensive reference geological surface is constructed.

[0030] This invention integrates multiple complex geological surfaces into a smooth, unified, and more representative comprehensive reference geological surface by setting up a sampling grid, extracting and calculating the average elevation of different geological interfaces at multiple points. This effectively eliminates the local extreme fluctuation error of a single stratum and provides a more stable three-dimensional design benchmark that is more in line with the macroscopic trend of engineering, thereby enhancing the reliability and stability of subsequent foundation surface fitting and optimization.

[0031] Furthermore, multiple independent geological regions are segmented from the aforementioned comprehensive reference geological surface, including:

[0032] Along the dam axis, the comprehensive reference geological surface is divided into multiple strip areas based on the location of the transverse joints in the dam body, with each strip area corresponding to a dam section;

[0033] For each dam section, calculate the spatial intersection line between its corresponding 3D model of the dam body and the comprehensive reference geological surface;

[0034] Obtain the boundary range enclosed by the projection of the spatial intersection line onto the horizontal plane;

[0035] The corresponding strip region is clipped using the boundary range to obtain the independent geological region.

[0036] This invention utilizes the spatial relationship between the transverse joints of the dam body and the three-dimensional contour of the dam body and the geological surface to automatically and precisely cut the global geological surface into independent design units corresponding to each dam section. This ensures that the design of each dam section is strictly based on the specific geological conditions directly below it. This not only realizes the effective transmission and decomposition of global geological information, but also lays a precise spatial foundation for subsequent parallel and independent dam section-level optimization calculations, thereby improving the overall design refinement and computational efficiency.

[0037] Furthermore, the length of the horizontal walkway and the slope of the inclined slope are determined by the first optimization model to minimize the elevation deviation between the fitted surface and the comprehensive reference geological surface;

[0038] The first optimization model uses the inflection point between the horizontal walkway and the inclined slope and the slope of the inclined slope as optimization variables, and takes the minimum sum of squared residuals between the comprehensive reference geological surface and the fitted surface in three-dimensional space as the optimization objective, and solves the problem within the preset feasible domain of variables.

[0039] This invention establishes an optimization model with the location of the turning point and the slope as variables, and solves the problem with the goal of minimizing the sum of squares of the three-dimensional residuals. This achieves automated and quantitative collaborative optimization of the length of the horizontal walkway and the slope of the side slope. Under the premise of meeting the specifications, it ensures that the generated stepped foundation surface conforms to the geological undulation trend to the maximum extent, thereby significantly improving the stability of the dam foundation and reducing the arbitrariness of relying on experience, thus enhancing the scientificity and safety of the design results.

[0040] Further, solving the first optimization model includes:

[0041] Multiple candidate locations are discretely selected within the feasible region at the inflection point;

[0042] For each candidate location, the corresponding optimal slope is calculated using a linear regression method;

[0043] Calculate the sum of squared residuals for each set of candidate locations and the corresponding optimal slope;

[0044] The scheme with the smallest sum of squared residuals is selected to determine the final inflection point location and slope.

[0045] This invention employs a hybrid solution strategy that combines discrete candidate point traversal with fast linear regression calculation. This strategy significantly improves optimization efficiency while ensuring global search capability. It can stably and automatically find the combination of bridle length and slope that maximizes the fit between the foundation surface and the geological surface, avoiding the problem of complex nonlinear optimization potentially getting trapped in local optima and ensuring the reliability and optimality of the design results.

[0046] Furthermore, the horizontal rampart in the stepped initial foundation surface is segmented, and the rampart elevation within each segment is fine-tuned and optimized based on the trend of the comprehensive reference geological surface, including:

[0047] The horizontal walkway is divided into multiple continuous control sections along a direction perpendicular to the dam axis;

[0048] For each control segment, an elevation change model consisting of horizontal segments, transition slope segments, and horizontal segments connected in sequence is constructed based on its initial elevation to fit the comprehensive reference geological surface.

[0049] Using the lengths of the first two segments in the elevation change model as optimization variables, the second optimization solution is performed with the goal of minimizing the overall deviation between the fitted surface and the comprehensive reference geological surface within the control segment.

[0050] If there is an effective elevation difference between the fitted surface obtained by the second optimization solution and the comprehensive reference geological surface, then the elevation of the horse trail in this control section is updated according to the solution result; otherwise, the original elevation is kept unchanged.

[0051] This invention achieves secondary optimization by dividing the bridle path into horizontal segments and constructing a fine fitting model of "horizontal-slope-horizontal" for secondary optimization. Under the premise of maintaining the overall structural stability, it enables local and adaptive fine-tuning of the foundation elevation, allowing it to more accurately follow the subtle undulations of the geological surface. This further reduces unnecessary rock excavation or backfilling, significantly improving the economic efficiency of the project while ensuring safety.

[0052] Furthermore, after the elevation of the walkway is adjusted, the system automatically checks whether the horizontal joint line of the dam body is still on the horizontal walkway surface; if not, it triggers the adjustment rollback mechanism or the horizontal joint position linkage adjustment mechanism.

[0053] This invention automatically verifies the geometric relationship between the position of the transverse joint and the horizontal walkway surface after elevation fine-tuning, and triggers a linkage adjustment mechanism when a conflict occurs. This ensures the automatic coordination and consistency of the dam structure joint layout and foundation surface morphology during design changes, avoids structural design conflicts caused by local optimization, and guarantees the rationality of the overall design and construction feasibility.

[0054] Based on the same concept, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program or instructions stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program or instructions to implement the gravity dam foundation three-dimensional modeling method as described above.

[0055] Based on the same concept, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam as described above.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0057] This invention achieves the intelligent transformation of geological information into engineering design by acquiring a three-dimensional geological model and generating a comprehensive reference geological surface. By dividing the geological area according to the dam section and performing two-stage automated fitting optimization along the axis and vertical direction, a foundation surface model that meets the structural stability requirements, actively avoids adverse geological bodies, and conforms to high-quality rock layers is directly generated in three-dimensional space. This systematically solves the core problems of poor visualization, strong reliance on experience, low efficiency, and disconnect from geological conditions in traditional two-dimensional design, and significantly improves the safety, economy, and intelligence level of gravity dam foundation surface design. Attached Figure Description

[0058] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only one embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0059] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of geological region segmentation based on the transverse joints of the dam body and the three-dimensional bounding box in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of foundation surface fitting along the dam axis within a single dam section in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fitting profile of the stepped foundation surface and the comprehensive reference geological surface within a single dam section in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the segmentation of the horse trail and the fine adjustment of the lateral elevation (planar) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6This is a planar schematic diagram of the three-segment fine-tuning of "horizontal-slope-horizontal" within a single control segment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 7 This is a planar schematic diagram of the elevation fine-tuning of the lateral segment of the horse trail in an embodiment of the present invention (taking a 20m control segment as an example). Detailed Implementation

[0066] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0068] The core of this invention lies in providing an intelligent method for constructing a three-dimensional model of a gravity dam foundation surface based on a three-dimensional geological model. Through a bottom-up, step-by-step optimization strategy, it achieves adaptive fitting of the foundation surface to complex geological conditions in three-dimensional space. The implementation process of this invention will be described step-by-step below in conjunction with engineering practice. Figure 1 As shown, the method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0069] Step S1: Obtain the three-dimensional geological model, the three-dimensional model of the dam body, and the information on the layout of the transverse joints of the dam body.

[0070] Three-dimensional geological models are constructed by geological surveyors based on field exploration data (including but not limited to borehole data, geological profiles, geophysical interpretation results, etc.), and are usually expressed in the form of three-dimensional mesh models or solid models. A three-dimensional geological model must at least include geological interface information of rock strata with different degrees of weathering (such as completely weathered, strongly weathered, weakly weathered, slightly weathered, and fresh bedrock), and may selectively include spatial distribution information of adverse geological bodies such as faults, fracture zones, and weak interlayers.

[0071] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the designers have obtained a three-dimensional geological model that meets the accuracy requirements from the geological profession, and this model is the basis for all subsequent geological analyses.

[0072] The 3D model of the dam is the three-dimensional shape of the gravity dam determined according to the hydraulic design. It is usually created using BIM design software and includes geometric information such as the overall outline of the dam, the dam crest elevation, and the upstream and downstream slopes of the dam face.

[0073] The layout information of transverse joints in the dam body refers to the structural joint lines perpendicular to the dam axis, set to accommodate temperature changes, segmented concrete pouring, and uneven foundation settlement. The layout information of transverse joints in the dam body is typically represented as a series of positioning lines or planes parallel to the normal plane of the dam axis, and their positions are determined by the structural design.

[0074] In this invention, the design of the 3D model of the dam body and the arrangement of transverse joints are prerequisites for the foundation surface design, and their specific design methods are not detailed herein. When implementing the method of this invention, relevant models and data from completed hydraulic engineering BIM design results can be directly imported or called.

[0075] After obtaining the 3D geological model, the 3D dam model, and the information on the layout of the transverse joints of the dam, it is necessary to perform coordinate system I, data format conversion, and logical consistency checks to ensure that the 3D geological model, the 3D dam model, and the information on the layout of the transverse joints of the dam can be accurately subjected to Boolean operations, spatial queries, and geometric analysis under the same 3D spatial reference system, thus laying a reliable data foundation for subsequent steps.

[0076] Step S2: Generate a comprehensive reference geological surface based on the three-dimensional geological model and dam height parameters.

[0077] The core of step S2 is to integrate multi-layered geological information reflecting different rock mass qualities into a single, clear engineering geological reference surface, i.e., a comprehensive reference geological surface, according to engineering design requirements. The comprehensive reference geological surface aims to macroscopically reflect the spatial distribution trend of rock strata suitable as the foundation surface carrier, providing a target surface for subsequent refined fitting.

[0078] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, generating a comprehensive reference geological surface specifically includes:

[0079] Step S2.1: Determine the range of weathering degree of the target rock mass.

[0080] Based on the actual height of the proposed gravity dam, and in accordance with the foundation surface selection specifications such as the "Design Code for Concrete Gravity Dams", the recommended rock weathering degree range for the foundation surface is determined.

[0081] For example, for a high dam with a height of 105m, according to the specification that "high dams (>100m) can be built on fresh, slightly weathered or weakly weathered lower bedrock," this embodiment determines the target rock mass as fresh bedrock and slightly weathered rock layers. Medium dams (50~100m) can be built on slightly weathered to weakly weathered middle bedrock; low dams (<50m) can be built on weakly weathered middle to upper bedrock.

[0082] Step S2.2: Extract the geological interfaces of at least two different rock layers corresponding to the weathering degree range from the three-dimensional geological model.

[0083] From the three-dimensional geological model obtained in step S1, extract at least two three-dimensional geological interfaces of different rock strata corresponding to the weathering degree range determined in step S2.1. These geological interfaces are usually represented by a triangular mesh model.

[0084] For example, two triangular mesh models are extracted from the top surface of fresh bedrock and the top surface of slightly weathered rock layer, respectively, from the three-dimensional geological model.

[0085] Step S2.3: Fuse the elevation information of at least two geological interfaces on the horizontal projection plane to generate a comprehensive reference geological surface.

[0086] In this embodiment, the elevation information of at least two geological interfaces on the horizontal projection plane is fused, including:

[0087] Step S2.31: Set the horizontal projection sampling grid.

[0088] First, determine a horizontal projection range covering the entire dam site area (usually the same as or slightly larger than the horizontal projection range of the dam's 3D model). Then, within this horizontal projection range, establish a regular 2D grid as the sampling grid. The grid resolution (i.e., grid spacing) can be set according to the engineering accuracy requirements, for example, 10m × 10m. To improve the fineness of the final reference surface, it can be refined to 5m × 5m or smaller.

[0089] Step S2.32: Collect and calculate the overall elevation point by point:

[0090] For each grid point in the sampling grid, perform the following operations:

[0091] Vertical projection (or spatial interpolation query) is performed on each geological interface extracted in step S2.2 to obtain the elevation value (z value) of the grid point (x,y) on each geological interface; the arithmetic mean of all the elevation values ​​of the grid point (x,y) obtained is calculated, and the result is the comprehensive elevation Z_composite of the grid point.

[0092] Step S2.33: Construct a gridded integrated reference geological surface:

[0093] After traversing all grid points and completing the comprehensive elevation calculation, a discrete data field consisting of a three-dimensional point set (x, y, Z_composite) is obtained. Using this three-dimensional point set, a new, continuous triangular mesh model is generated through triangulation or regular mesh construction algorithms, thus obtaining the comprehensive reference geological surface.

[0094] The comprehensive reference geological surface spatially integrates the characteristics of multiple target rock layer interfaces, smooths out the local drastic fluctuations of a single interface, and is more representative of the overall trend of suitable foundation rock masses.

[0095] Step S2 combines qualitative geological weathering classification descriptions with quantitative dam height design parameters to automatically generate a quantitative three-dimensional geological reference benchmark directly related to engineering safety requirements. This effectively reduces the burden on designers to subjectively interpret the original complex geological model, provides a unified and clear spatial target for subsequent automated fitting algorithms, and is a key preprocessing step in achieving "making the design adapt to the geology".

[0096] Step S3: Based on the information on the layout of the transverse joints of the dam body and the three-dimensional model of the dam body, divide the dam body into multiple independent geological regions corresponding to each dam section from the comprehensive reference geological surface.

[0097] Step S3 aims to precisely divide the macroscopic comprehensive reference geological surface into independent three-dimensional geological units corresponding to each construction dam segment, based on the structural joints and geometric contours of the gravity dam. This achieves a refined design foundation of "one dam segment, one geological unit." Its core is automatic cropping based on spatial geometric calculations, the process of which is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0098] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, multiple independent geological regions are segmented from a comprehensive reference geological surface, including:

[0099] Step S3.1: Perform initial segmentation along the dam axis (forming strip areas).

[0100] Obtain the transverse joint arrangement information of the dam body input in step S1. This information defines a series of spatial planes perpendicular to the dam axis, i.e., transverse joint surfaces (represented in the 3D model as infinitely extending 2D planes or large-size planar sheets, such as...). Figure 2 (The three-dimensional seam line in the middle).

[0101] Using each transverse seam as a cutting boundary, a spatial Boolean cutting operation is performed on the comprehensive reference geological surface (a continuous curved surface expressed as a 3D triangular mesh model). This operation is implemented by a 3D geometric kernel (such as ACIS, Parasolid, OpenCASCADE, etc.) or a built-in function of a professional BIM / GIS platform. The core algorithm is to calculate the intersection lines of all triangular facets of the transverse seam and the geological surface mesh, insert new vertices and edges along these intersection lines, reconstruct the topological relationship, and thus physically divide the cut triangular mesh into independent sub-mesh blocks geometrically.

[0102] After the calculation, the originally continuous comprehensive reference geological surface was divided into N+1 continuous strip regions (where N is the number of transverse joints). In the direction of the dam axis, the upstream and downstream boundaries of each strip region are precisely defined by two adjacent transverse joints, thus forming a strict one-to-one correspondence with a designed dam segment (i.e., the dam body segment between two adjacent transverse joints) on the horizontal projection, and initially establishing a spatial index association between the "dam segment unit" and the "geological strip" directly below it.

[0103] Step S3.2: Determine the boundary range of each dam section in the direction perpendicular to the dam axis (calculate the projected bounding box).

[0104] For each dam section and its corresponding strip area, perform the following operations:

[0105] From the complete 3D model of the dam body obtained in step S1, the 3D entity part corresponding to the dam section (i.e., the area between the two transverse joints that define the strip area) is extracted through spatial query or model segmentation, which is the dam body sub-model.

[0106] The intersection algorithm of the geometric kernel is invoked to calculate the spatial intersection between the bottom (or outer) surface of the dam sub-model and the geological surface of the strip area directly below it. This operation generates one (or multiple segments connected into a loop) three-dimensional spatial curve, i.e., the spatial intersection line, which represents the three-dimensional contour line of the possible contact between the dam segment and the foundation.

[0107] Projecting the aforementioned three-dimensional spatial intersection lines vertically onto the horizontal plane (XY plane) yields one (or a set of) two-dimensional planar curves, i.e., the projected contour lines. Calculate the minimum bounding rectangle of this projected contour line (usually an axis-aligned bounding box with sides parallel to and perpendicular to the dam axis). This rectangle precisely defines the two-dimensional boundary of the required geological area for this dam section in the upstream and downstream directions (perpendicular to the dam axis). This two-dimensional boundary is represented as a rectangular frame on the plan view, and its generation logic is as follows: Figure 2 "3D bounding box" in Chinese.

[0108] Step S3.3: Trim and generate independent geological regions.

[0109] Using the two-dimensional boundary range (i.e., the three-dimensional bounding box) calculated for each dam segment in the previous step as the clipping polygon window, planar polygon clipping operation is performed on the three-dimensional triangular mesh model of the corresponding strip region generated in step S3.1.

[0110] The clipping operation retains the triangular facets within the two-dimensional boundary area of ​​the strip region and removes the parts outside the boundary. Finally, a closed grid facet with undulations in three-dimensional space is generated for each dam segment, which is constrained on the plane by the transverse joint surface and the boundary area, i.e., an independent geological region.

[0111] By sequentially executing steps S3.2 and S3.3 on all dam sections, multiple independent geological regions that precisely correspond to all dam sections can be automatically cut out from the complete comprehensive reference geological surface.

[0112] Because gravity dams typically have an arched or zigzag shape in plan view, wider in the middle and narrower at both ends (to adapt to the valley topography), the projected outlines and boundaries obtained by intersecting the geological surfaces of each dam segment sub-model naturally exhibit a regular variation: the boundary of the dam segment in the middle of the riverbed is wider, gradually narrowing towards the dam abutments on both banks. This results in each of the ultimately selected independent geological regions perfectly matching the planar layout of the dam structure in terms of plan view, characterized by: "wide and large area in the middle of the riverbed, gradually narrowing and smaller in area towards the dam abutments on both banks," such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0113] Step S3 involves a two-stage precise trimming process: "longitudinal cutting along the seams and transverse boundary definition." This process performs pixel-level matching between the geological model and the structural model in three-dimensional space. This provides a precise and clearly defined input data domain for the subsequent independent and parallel automated optimization and fitting of the foundation surface for each dam section. It is a crucial preprocessing step for achieving the transition from global geological analysis to refined, parametric design in localized areas.

[0114] Step S4: For each independent geological area, along the dam axis, a combination of a horizontal walkway and an inclined slope is used to fit the comprehensive reference geological surface to generate a stepped initial foundation surface; in the direction perpendicular to the dam axis, the horizontal walkway in the stepped initial foundation surface is segmented, and the walkway elevation is finely adjusted and optimized in each segment according to the trend of the comprehensive reference geological surface to generate the optimized dam section foundation surface.

[0115] For each independent geological region generated in step S3, step S4 performs a two-stage intelligent fitting process: "determining the main step shape along the dam axis (first stage) and finely adjusting the elevation along the water flow direction (second stage)," ultimately generating an optimized foundation surface that is highly adapted to the geological conditions. The synergistic effect of the two stages transforms the traditional design process, which relies on experience-based judgment, into an automated optimization process driven by mathematical models and with controllable constraints.

[0116] Phase 1: Generation and optimization of the initial step-shaped foundation surface along the dam axis.

[0117] The core of the first stage is based on the combination of "horse track surface + inclined slope surface" to automatically determine the optimal horse track width and slope, and generate a stepped initial foundation surface for each dam section that can meet the requirements of anti-sliding stability and structural coordination, and can fit the underlying geological surface to the greatest extent.

[0118] Step S4.11: Fitting the geometric model and establishing design constraints.

[0119] For any independent geological region obtained in step S3, it corresponds to a designed dam segment. The length of this dam segment in the dam axis direction (X direction) is defined as L1, and its range in the direction perpendicular to the dam axis (Y direction) is defined as [y...]. min ,y max The elevation distribution of the comprehensive reference geological surface at its bottom is z(x,y).

[0120] The first phase adopts, as follows: Figure 4 Fit the geometric model shown: within the range x∈[0,L1], with This is the dividing point (i.e., the turning point), with a horizontal walkway on the left and a sloping slope on the right. The geometric model is fully defined by the following parameters:

[0121] Starting point elevation For the initial dam section at the lowest point of the riverbed, This is the elevation of the lowest point of the geological surface in this dam section; for dam sections extending upstream or downstream, Take the top elevation of the foundation surface of the adjacent fitted dam section (i.e., the elevation of the end of the slope).

[0122] Design variables to be optimized:

[0123] Turning point station number The boundary between the horizontal bridle path and the sloping slope determines the width of the bridle path (= ).

[0124] Slope k: The longitudinal slope of an inclined slope (the ratio of vertical height change to horizontal distance, k>0).

[0125] Engineering constraints:

[0126] The width of the walkway must meet the minimum structural requirements: ∈[L1 / 3,L1]; the slope must be within the reasonable range commonly used in engineering: k∈[0.2,2] (corresponding to a slope ratio of 1:0.5 to 1:5).

[0127] Step S4.12: Establish the first optimization model and solve it.

[0128] The optimization objective is to make the generated step surface (i.e., the fitted surface) fit the original geological surface best in three-dimensional space. This is achieved by minimizing the sum of squared elevation residuals (SSE). The mathematical expression of the first optimization model is:

[0129] (1)

[0130] To efficiently solve the first optimization model, a hybrid solution algorithm combining discrete search and linear regression is adopted:

[0131] exist Within the feasible region [L1 / 3, L1], discrete sampling is performed with a preset step size Δx (e.g., 1m or 0.1m) to obtain a series of candidate locations. ;

[0132] For each candidate position Solving for the optimal k:

[0133] For each fixed candidate position The optimal value of slope k can be directly obtained using linear regression. The goal is to make the sloping slope segment (x≥) ideal. The fitting error is minimized by ). Let . This represents the distance from each point in the X direction to the candidate position. This represents the elevation difference between each point on the geological surface and the initial elevation. Using the least squares principle, the formula for calculating the optimal k is:

[0134] (2)

[0135] Where n is the number of discrete points in the X direction and m is the number of discrete points in the Y direction. Formula (2) guarantees that for a given... The optimal value of the calculated slope k This minimizes the sum of squares of the fitting residuals for the slope segment.

[0136] Each candidate pair ( , Substitute the values ​​into formula (1) to calculate the sum of squared residuals. After iterating through all candidate pairs, select the sum of squared residuals. The smallest candidate pair is taken as the optimal design parameter for this dam section. , ).

[0137] Step S4.13: Generation and Connection

[0138] Based on the optimal design parameters ( , Generate the three-dimensional foundation surface of this dam section:

[0139] When x∈[0, When designing the foundation surface, the elevation along the dam axis is... for (Horizontal horse track surface);

[0140] When x∈[ When [L1] is used, the elevation of the design foundation surface along the dam axis is: (Sloping surface).

[0141] The three-dimensional foundation plane of this dam section is in the Y direction ([y min ,y maxIt extends evenly on the surface.

[0142] Starting from the lowest point of the riverbed (the lowest point of the geological surface) of the dam section, determine the top elevation of its foundation surface. The starting elevation of the adjacent (extending towards the bank slope) dam section Repeat steps S4.11 to S4.13 above. This iterative process proceeds along the dam axis to both sides until all dam segments are fitted. Finally, the initial foundation surfaces of all dam segments are seamlessly connected in space to form a complete three-dimensional model of the stepped initial foundation surface of the gravity dam (its overall cross-sectional shape is as follows). Figure 3 (As shown). The three-dimensional model of the stepped initial foundation surface already possesses good anti-sliding stability on a macroscopic level (providing shear resistance through horizontal steps) and is coordinated with the transverse joints of the dam body.

[0143] Phase 2: Fine-tuning and optimization of the horse trail elevation perpendicular to the dam axis.

[0144] The second stage involves the macroscopic step shape already determined in the first stage (especially the slope along the fixed dam axis). Based on this, the elevation of each level of the ramparts is finely adjusted along the direction perpendicular to the dam axis (in the direction of water flow, Y direction). The purpose is to make the ramparts more accurately adapt to the local undulations of the geological surface while maintaining the overall structural stability, so as to further optimize the amount of rock excavation and avoid local, small-scale unfavorable geological bodies.

[0145] Step S4.21: Establish the horse track segmentation and the second optimization model.

[0146] Perpendicular to the dam axis, each level of horizontal walkway (generated in the first stage) is divided into multiple continuous control sections. To balance calculation efficiency and adjustment accuracy, the control section length Lc is set to 20m (adjustable according to geological complexity). Figure 5 As shown.

[0147] For an initial elevation of The control segment (y∈[0,Lc]) of the first stage (i.e., the elevation of each level of the horse trail) adopts... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The three-segment model of "horizontal segment - transition slope segment - horizontal segment" shown is fitted. The three-segment model is as follows:

[0148] First level section ( ): Length a, elevation remains at the initial elevation .

[0149] Transition slope (y∈[a,a+b]): A fixed, relatively steep slope is adopted. (Empirical engineering value, usually a slope ratio of 1:0.5, corresponding to a slope angle) =2), its Y-direction projection length is b. The elevation of the transition slope increases linearly: .

[0150] Second level section ( The length is Lc-a-b, and the elevation is the elevation after the elevation is raised. .

[0151] The second stage uses a (length of the first horizontal segment) and b (horse length of the transition slope segment) as design variables. The optimization objective is to minimize the sum of squared elevation deviations (SSE) between the three-segment model and the underlying comprehensive reference geological surface z(x,y) in three-dimensional space (X direction covers the width w of the horse trail segment (i.e., the initial width of the horse trail segment in the X direction, determined by the first stage), Y direction covers Lc, and Z direction is the elevation).

[0152] Engineering constraints:

[0153] The lengths are non-negative and the sum does not exceed the segment length: a>0, b>0, a+b≤Lc.

[0154] To ensure the effectiveness of the adjustment (avoiding meaningless minor adjustments), the required lifting height Δh = Not less than a minimum threshold Δh min (Usually 5m is taken). From this, we can deduce that b ≥ b min =Δh min / (For example, when) =2, Δh min When = 5m, b min =2.5m).

[0155] Step S4.22: Model Solving and Adaptive Adjustment Decision Making.

[0156] The second optimization model, SSE(a,b), is a constrained nonlinear programming problem. Its mathematical expression considers all sampling points in three-dimensional space, and its complete form is:

[0157] (3)

[0158] Wherein, s1 is the design slope (known) of the riverbed side (or upstream side) adjacent to the horse path, and s2 is the design slope (known) of the dam head side (or downstream side) adjacent to the horse path.

[0159] This is a constrained nonlinear programming problem. Due to its complexity, the analytical optimal solution cannot be obtained directly through analytical differentiation; therefore, numerical optimization algorithms are required for iterative solution.

[0160] A. Search Space Initialization and Discretization: To efficiently search and handle constraints, the feasible regions of design variables a and b are first discretized. For example, the X-direction distance step length Δx = 0.2m and the Y-direction distance step length Δy = 0.1m are set. Based on the basic constraints (a > 0, b > 0.5m, and a + b ≤ Lc) and the elevation difference constraint (b ≥ b... min ), and select all feasible (a,b) combinations to form the initial discrete search space.

[0161] B. Gradient Iterative Optimization: After variable initialization, algorithms suitable for optimization problems with boundary constraints, such as L-BFGS-B, are used for exact solution. This algorithm calculates the objective function... The partial derivative (gradient) of the current iteration point (a,b) is used to determine the search direction that causes the objective function value to decrease the fastest.

[0162] For example, if the gradient components are calculated in a certain iteration (Positive value) (A negative value) indicates that at the current point, increasing a and decreasing b is likely to make The value decreased.

[0163] The algorithm will update a and b along this gradient descent direction with an adaptive step size, ensuring that the updated values ​​still satisfy all constraints (a>0, b>b). min And a + b ≤ Lc).

[0164] After obtaining the new iteration point, recalculate the objective function value and gradient, and repeat the above process until the convergence condition is met (e.g., the gradient norm is less than a threshold or the objective function value changes very little), thus finding a local optimum. , ).

[0165] C. Adjusting Decisions:

[0166] Calculate the theoretical lift height Δh corresponding to the optimized scheme. opt = If Δh opt ≥Δh min If so, it is considered that the adjustment can effectively avoid unfavorable geological conditions or optimize the amount of engineering work, and this optimization plan is accepted. (Based on...) , Update the design elevation curve of the horse trail within this control section.

[0167] If Δh opt <Δh min They deemed the adjustment pointless and rejected the proposal. The original elevation of the horse trail in this control section was maintained as determined in Phase 1. The same applies, meaning the fitting scheme for the entire segment level is adopted (a = Lc, b = 0).

[0168] D. Sequential chain-like advancement: After the optimization of a control segment is completed, its final elevation Z end (Whether or not it is adjusted) will serve as the starting elevation for the next control segment immediately downstream of it. According to this rule, starting from the upstream end of the bridle path, optimization solutions and decisions are made segment by segment downstream until the end of the bridle path at that level, thus ensuring the continuity of the longitudinal elevation of the bridle path.

[0169] Step S4.23: Automatic collaborative verification mechanism with transverse joints of the dam body.

[0170] Elevation adjustments can alter the spatial position of the walkway, potentially causing the original dam's transverse seam line to fall on the slope after the adjustment rather than on the horizontal walkway surface, thus affecting structural design and construction.

[0171] To avoid structural design conflicts caused by local optimization, the system automatically performs geometric spatial relationship verification after fine-tuning the elevation of each section of the bridleway. For each transverse seam (three-dimensional spatial line) related to that level of bridleway, it is determined whether it is still completely located on the fine-tuned horizontal bridleway plane.

[0172] If a conflict is detected (i.e., the horizontal seam is partially or completely off the horizontal walkway plane), the following preset logic is triggered:

[0173] The system attempts to slightly shift the conflicting transverse seam along the path (towards the dam head) (e.g., 1m) to find a new position that allows it to fall back onto the horizontal path (at the same level or adjacent). If a suitable new position can be found through the above steps, the transverse seam position is updated, and the linkage adjustment is completed.

[0174] If a new location that satisfies all relevant bridleway level conditions cannot be found, it is determined to be an irreconcilable conflict. In this case, the system automatically cancels all elevation fine-tuning operations within the control segment that caused the conflict, restoring that bridleway segment to the elevation of the first stage, thus ensuring that the transverse joint remains level. Subsequently, the optimization process will continue to fine-tune the next control segment downstream of this segment.

[0175] Through the aforementioned rigorous two-stage optimization process, the foundation surface of the dam section generated by the method of this invention achieves an organic combination of macroscopic stability and microeconomic efficiency. The first stage ensures that the foundation surface has a safe stepped shape and is coordinated with the dam structure; the second stage, based on this, uses intelligent local elevation adjustments to ensure that the foundation surface closely conforms to the complex geological undulations, maximizing the optimization of rock excavation work while strictly adhering to the bottom line of safety and structural constraints, and ensuring the constructability of the design results throughout the entire process.

[0176] Step S5: Integrate the optimized foundation surfaces of all dam sections to form a complete three-dimensional model of the gravity dam foundation surface.

[0177] Step S5 aims to precisely stitch together and topologically reconstruct the foundation surfaces of each dam segment, which have been independently optimized through the preceding steps, in three-dimensional space, and assign them complete engineering attributes to form a unified, continuous, and complete three-dimensional digital model of the gravity dam foundation surface that can be used for downstream design and construction applications. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0178] Receive the optimized foundation surfaces of all dam segments from the output of step S4. Each foundation surface is an independent three-dimensional surface model (usually a triangular mesh model), which geometrically consists of a horizontal walkway, an inclined slope, and possible fine-tuning transition surfaces.

[0179] The system automatically verifies the geometric continuity of the foundation surfaces of adjacent dam sections at the boundary of a common transverse joint. The verification includes:

[0180] Elevation consistency: Ensure that the foundation elevation of adjacent dam sections at the joint line is completely consistent, with no misalignment.

[0181] Surface tangency: Ensure that the normal directions of adjacent surfaces transition smoothly at the seam line to avoid sharp angles.

[0182] Topological closure: Verify whether all foundation surfaces of the dam sections can be connected end to end to form a closed spatial surface covering the entire dam foundation area.

[0183] After verification, the Boolean union or surface stitching function of the 3D geometry kernel is invoked to merge all independent dam section foundation surface models into a single, seamlessly connected triangular mesh entity. This process removes redundant edges and faces that overlap between adjacent surfaces, generating a unified, watertight surface model.

[0184] In the merged model, the attribution relationship between each triangular facet and the original dam segment is preserved or reconstructed. This is typically achieved by adding attribute fields such as "dam segment number" to the model, ensuring that any part of the model can be traced back to its original design dam segment.

[0185] Establish a spatial index association between each location point in the model and the comprehensive reference geological surface generated in step S2 and the geological attributes (such as lithology and weathering degree) in the original three-dimensional geological model to form a mapping relationship of "design surface - geological conditions".

[0186] The key design parameters determined in step S4 (such as the width of each section of the bridleway) are optimized. The slope k, the a and b values ​​of the fine-tuning control segment, etc. are used as attribute data and bound to the corresponding areas of the model.

[0187] The final 3D foundation model, along with its associated attribute information, design parameters, and reference geological models, dam models, etc., is organized and packaged according to the standard BIM (Building Information Modeling) or engineering data model format to form a logically complete and information-rich digital design deliverable package.

[0188] The complete 3D model of the gravity dam foundation can be output in a common 3D file format (such as IFC, DWG, 3MX, OBJ, etc.) or a specific BIM platform format, ensuring that it can be directly used by downstream software for structural calculation, quantity surveying, construction detail design, and construction simulation. Simultaneously, it can generate plan, elevation, section, and 3D isometric views of the 3D model, and supports color-based elevation rendering and geological attribute rendering, allowing designers to conduct visual review and verification.

[0189] Step S5 integrates scattered and independent optimization results into authoritative 3D design outcomes that can directly drive the entire subsequent process through automated, high-precision geometric integration and rich information association. This eliminates model misalignment and information silos that may occur in traditional design due to multi-stage and multi-disciplinary collaboration, ensuring data consistency and integrity from geological analysis and scheme optimization to outcome delivery. This is the key to achieving a closed-loop intelligent design process for gravity dams.

[0190] Example 2

[0191] This invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program or instructions stored in the memory. The processor executes the computer program or instructions to implement the gravity dam foundation three-dimensional modeling method in this invention.

[0192] Although not shown, the electronic device includes a processor that can perform various appropriate operations and processes based on programs and / or data stored in read-only memory (ROM) or loaded from a storage portion into random access memory (RAM). The processor can be a multi-core processor or may contain multiple processors. In some embodiments, the processor may include a general-purpose main processor and one or more specialized coprocessors, such as a central processing unit, graphics processing unit (GPU), neural network processor (NPU), digital signal processor (DSP), etc. Various programs and data required for device operation are also stored in RAM. The processor, ROM, and RAM are interconnected via a bus. Input / output (I / O) interfaces are also connected to the bus.

[0193] The processor and memory described above are used together to execute programs / instructions stored in the memory. When the program / instructions are executed by the computer, they can implement the methods, steps, or functions described in the above embodiments.

[0194] Although not shown, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0195] Readable storage media include both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0196] The above description only discloses specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or modifications that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for three-dimensional modeling of the foundation surface of a gravity dam, characterized in that, The modeling method includes: Acquire 3D geological model, 3D dam model, and information on the layout of transverse joints in the dam; Based on the aforementioned three-dimensional geological model and dam height parameters, a comprehensive reference geological surface is generated; Based on the information on the layout of the transverse joints of the dam body and the three-dimensional model of the dam body, multiple independent geological regions corresponding to each dam section are segmented from the comprehensive reference geological surface. For each independent geological region, along the dam axis, the comprehensive reference geological surface is fitted using a combination of a horizontal walkway and an inclined slope to generate a stepped initial foundation surface. In the direction perpendicular to the dam axis, the horizontal walkway in the stepped initial foundation surface is segmented, and the walkway elevation is finely adjusted and optimized within each segment according to the trend of the comprehensive reference geological surface to generate an optimized dam section foundation surface. The optimized foundation surfaces of all dam sections are integrated to form a complete three-dimensional model of the gravity dam foundation surface.

2. The three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generating the comprehensive reference geological surface specifically includes: The range of weathering degree of the target rock mass is determined according to the dam height and foundation surface selection specifications; Extract at least two geological interfaces of different rock layers corresponding to the range of weathering degree from the three-dimensional geological model; The elevation information of the at least two geological interfaces on the horizontal projection plane is fused to generate a single comprehensive reference geological surface.

3. The three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elevation information of the at least two geological interfaces on the horizontal projection plane is fused, including: A sampling grid is set on the horizontal projection plane; For each grid point, read the elevation values ​​of the at least two geological interfaces at that grid point; Calculate the average of all the elevation values ​​read at the grid point, and use that average as the comprehensive elevation at the grid point. Based on the comprehensive elevation of all grid points, a gridded comprehensive reference geological surface is constructed.

4. The three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple independent geological regions are segmented from the aforementioned comprehensive reference geological surface, including: Along the dam axis, the comprehensive reference geological surface is divided into multiple strip areas based on the location of the transverse joints in the dam body, with each strip area corresponding to a dam section; For each dam section, calculate the spatial intersection line between its corresponding 3D model of the dam body and the comprehensive reference geological surface; Obtain the boundary range enclosed by the projection of the spatial intersection line onto the horizontal plane; The corresponding strip region is clipped using the boundary range to obtain the independent geological region.

5. The method for three-dimensional modeling of the foundation surface of a gravity dam according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The length of the horizontal horse trail and the slope of the inclined slope are determined by the first optimization model to minimize the elevation deviation between the fitted surface and the comprehensive reference geological surface. The first optimization model uses the inflection point between the horizontal walkway and the inclined slope and the slope of the inclined slope as optimization variables, and takes the minimum sum of squared residuals between the comprehensive reference geological surface and the fitted surface in three-dimensional space as the optimization objective, and solves the problem within the preset feasible domain of variables.

6. The three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam according to claim 5, characterized in that, Solving the first optimization model includes: Multiple candidate locations are discretely selected within the feasible region at the inflection point; For each candidate location, the corresponding optimal slope is calculated using a linear regression method; Calculate the sum of squared residuals for each set of candidate locations and the corresponding optimal slope; The scheme with the smallest sum of squared residuals is selected to determine the final inflection point location and slope.

7. The method for three-dimensional modeling of the foundation surface of a gravity dam according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The horizontal walkway in the stepped initial foundation surface is segmented, and the walkway elevation is fine-tuned and optimized within each segment based on the trend of the comprehensive reference geological surface, including: The horizontal walkway is divided into multiple continuous control sections along a direction perpendicular to the dam axis; For each control segment, an elevation change model consisting of horizontal segments, transition slope segments, and horizontal segments connected in sequence is constructed based on its initial elevation to fit the comprehensive reference geological surface. Using the lengths of the first two segments in the elevation change model as optimization variables, the second optimization solution is performed with the goal of minimizing the overall deviation between the fitted surface and the comprehensive reference geological surface within the control segment. If there is an effective elevation difference between the fitted surface obtained by the second optimization solution and the comprehensive reference geological surface, then the elevation of the horse trail in this control section is updated according to the solution result; otherwise, the original elevation is kept unchanged.

8. The three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the elevation of the walkway is adjusted, the system automatically checks whether the horizontal joint line of the dam body is still on the horizontal walkway surface; if not, it triggers the adjustment rollback mechanism or the horizontal joint position linkage adjustment mechanism.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program or instructions stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program or instructions to implement the three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the three-dimensional modeling method for the foundation surface of a gravity dam as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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