Cell and resource selection for low power wake-up signal monitoring with bias based on cell type

Abstract

A method may be performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), including receiving configuration information for first and second cells. The first cell configuration information may include a cell ID of a first cell and indicate a first cell type in which the cell is transmitting an NR-SS and an LP-SS. The second cell configuration information may include a cell ID of a second cell and indicate that the cell is a second cell type in which the NR-SS is transmitted. The WTRU may monitor the NR-SS and the LP-SS. A first cell LP-SS and NR-SS measurement and a second cell NR-SS measurement may be determined. A first cell quality may be determined based on the first cell LP-SS and NR-SS measurements. A second cell quality may be determined based on a second cell NR-SS measurement. LP-WUS resources for the first or second cell may be selected based on a comparison of qualities of the first and second cells.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Low-Power Wake-Up Signal (LP-WUS) monitoring has the potential to reduce power consumption in Wireless Transmitter-Receiver Units (WTRUs) and other small battery-powered devices. Several receiver architectures can be utilized to support LP-WUS. For example, On-Off Keying (OOK) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) can be considered. OOK offers low power consumption and a simple WTRU implementation, while OFDMA offers better coverage and coexistence. OFDMA receivers can reuse existing New Radio (NR) synchronization signals, but OOK receivers may require additional synchronization signals for LP-WUS. Furthermore, advanced implementations of LP-WUS can maintain timing-related information even in the off state but with higher power consumption, while low-level implementations may experience longer activation latency and remaining frequency during the off state but with lower power consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0002] A Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU) may include a processor. The processor may be configured to receive configuration information for a first cell and a second cell. The configuration information for the first cell may include the cell identifier (ID) of the first cell and an indication that the first cell is a first cell type transmitting both New Radio Synchronization Signal (NR-SS) and Low Power Synchronization Signal (LP-SS). The configuration information for the second cell may include the cell ID of the second cell and an indication that the second cell is a second cell type transmitting NR-SS. The WTRU may be able to monitor both NR-SS and LP-SS. The processor may determine measurements of one or more LP-SS associated with the first cell and one or more NR-SS associated with it. The processor may determine measurements of one or more NR-SS associated with the second cell. The processor may determine the quality of the first cell based on the measurements of one or more LP-SS associated with the first cell and one or more NR-SS associated with it. The processor may determine the quality of the second cell based on the measurements of one or more NR-SS associated with the second cell. The processor may select a Low Power Wake-up Signal (LP-WUS) resource associated with either the first or second cell based on a comparison of the quality of the first cell and the quality of the second cell.

[0003] The configuration information may include a first coefficient, a second coefficient, and a quality difference.

[0004] The quality of the first cell can be selected as the highest value between one or more NR-SS measurements associated with the first cell and one or more LP-SS measurements associated with the first cell.

[0005] The quality of the first community can be further based on the first coefficient and the second coefficient.

[0006] The processor can be configured to select between LP-WUS resources associated with a first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with a second cell based on one or more parameters. Parameters may include the quality of the first cell, the quality of the second cell, a first coefficient applied to measurements of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, a second coefficient applied to measurements of one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell, or the wake-up capability of each of the first and second cells.

[0007] The quality of the first cell can be based on the measurement values ​​of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell multiplied by a first coefficient, plus the measurement values ​​of one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell multiplied by a second coefficient.

[0008] The quality of the second cell can be based on measurements and quality differences of one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell, which includes the reference signal received power (RSRP) of one or more NR-SSs plus ΔRSRP.

[0009] The processor can be configured to monitor LP-WUS in selected LP-WUS resources of a first cell or a second cell, and can be configured to monitor physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions associated with paging when the processor receives LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resources.

[0010] When the quality of the first cell is lower than that of the second cell, the processor can be configured to select LP-WUS resources associated with the first cell based on the determination that the first cell may include wake-up capabilities that are unavailable from the second cell.

[0011] The processor can be configured to select between LP-WUS resources associated with the first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with the second cell based on the priority assigned to at least one of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell, or one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell.

[0012] The processor can be configured to determine the biased reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement by applying a bias to the RSRP measurement of the first cell and the RSRP measurement of the second cell. This bias can be determined based on a priority assigned to at least one of the NR-SS of the first cell, the NR-SS of the second cell, or the LP-SS of the first cell.

[0013] The processor can be configured to perform bias-based RSRP measurements, selecting between LP-WUS resources associated with a first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with a second cell.

[0014] The second cell type can be configured to send only NR-SS.

[0015] The method can be performed by a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU). The method may include receiving configuration information for a first cell and a second cell. The configuration information for the first cell may include the cell identifier (ID) of the first cell and an indication that the first cell is a first cell type transmitting both New Radio Synchronization Signal (NR-SS) and Low Power Synchronization Signal (LP-SS). The configuration information for the second cell may include the cell ID of the second cell and an indication that the second cell is a second cell type transmitting NR-SS. The WTRU may be able to monitor both NR-SS and LP-SS. The method may include determining measurements of one or more LP-SS and one or more NR-SS associated with the first cell, and measurements of one or more NR-SS associated with the second cell. The quality of the first cell may be determined based on the measurements of one or more LP-SS and one or more NR-SS associated with the first cell. The quality of the second cell may be determined based on the measurements of one or more NR-SS associated with the second cell. Low Power Wake-up Signal (LP-WUS) resources associated with the first cell or the second cell may be selected based on a comparison of the quality of the first cell and the quality of the second cell.

[0016] The configuration information may include a first coefficient, a second coefficient, and a quality difference.

[0017] The quality of the first cell can be selected as the highest value between one or more NR-SS measurements associated with the first cell and one or more LP-SS measurements associated with the first cell.

[0018] The quality of the first community can be further based on the first coefficient and the second coefficient.

[0019] The method may include selecting between LP-WUS resources associated with a first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with a second cell based on one or more parameters, wherein the parameters may include the quality of the first cell, the quality of the second cell, a first coefficient applied to measurements of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, a second coefficient applied to measurements of one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell, or the wake-up capability of each of the first and second cells.

[0020] The quality of the first cell can be based on the measurement values ​​of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell multiplied by a first coefficient, plus the measurement values ​​of one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell multiplied by a second coefficient.

[0021] The quality of the second cell can be based on measurements and quality differences from one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell, which may include the reference signal received power (RSRP) of one or more NR-SSs plus ΔRSRP.

[0022] The method may include monitoring LP-WUS in selected LP-WUS resources of a first cell or a second cell, and monitoring physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions associated with paging when the processor receives LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resources.

[0023] When the quality of the first cell is lower than that of the second cell, the LP-WUS resources associated with the first cell can be selected based on the determination that the first cell includes wake-up capabilities that are unavailable from the second cell.

[0024] The method may include selecting between LP-WUS resources associated with the first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with the second cell based on a priority assigned to at least one of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell, or one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell.

[0025] The method may include determining a biased reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement by applying a bias to an RSRP measurement of a first cell and an RSRP measurement of a second cell. This bias may be determined based on a priority assigned to at least one of the NR-SS of the first cell, the NR-SS of the second cell, or the LP-SS of the first cell.

[0026] The method may include bias-based RSRP measurements to select between LP-WUS resources associated with a first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with a second cell.

[0027] The second cell type can be configured to send only NR-SS.

[0028] Methods and systems for cell and resource selection based on cell type and bias for low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring are disclosed. Methods and systems for cell and resource selection for LP-WUS monitoring with multiple cell groups are also disclosed.

[0029] The Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU) can be configured to handle different WTRU capabilities and / or cell capabilities to measure synchronization signals. Cell and resource selection for LP-WUS surveillance can be performed using an offset based on cell type.

[0030] The WTRU can receive configurations of a first coefficient, a second coefficient, a quality difference, and / or one or more cell configurations. Each cell configuration can indicate a cell identifier (ID), a first cell type (e.g., a cell transmitting both NR-SS and LP-SS), and / or a second cell type (e.g., a cell transmitting only NR-SS). When the WTRU is a first-type WTRU (e.g., capable of monitoring both NR-SS and LP-SS), the WTRU can measure both LP-SS and NR-SS associated with the first cell type and NR-SS associated with the second cell type. The WTRU can determine the quality of each cell. For example, the quality of the first cell type can be equal to the measured quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)). The WTRU can determine the measured quality (e.g., RSRP) of both NR-SS and LP-SS (e.g., each). The quality of the second cell type can be equal to the measured quality (e.g., RSRP) plus the quality difference (e.g., ΔRSRP).

[0031] The WTRU can select LP-WUS resources associated with cells in one or more cell IDs based on a defined quality (e.g., the cell with the best quality among one or more cell IDs). For cells of a first cell type, the WTRU can select LP-WUS resources using quality measurements of both NR-SS and LP-SS. The WTRU can use the higher of the two individual measurements (e.g., NR-SS and LP-SS). Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU can use a combination of NR-SS and LP-SS quality. For example, the combined quality for a first cell type can be equal to a first coefficient multiplied by the measured quality of NR-SS (e.g., RSRP) plus a second coefficient multiplied by the measured quality of LP-SS (e.g., LP-RSRP). The first coefficient plus the second coefficient can equal 1.

[0032] When the WTRU is a Type II WTRU (e.g., capable of measuring only LP-SS using its LP-WUR), the WTRU can measure the LP-SS associated with a cell ID of the first cell type and determine the quality of each cell. Based on this measurement, the WTRU can select the LP-WUS resources associated with the cell (e.g., the cell with the best RSRP among the associated cell IDs). The WTRU can monitor the LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS resources for the determined cells. For example, when the WTRU receives LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS resources, the WTRU can monitor the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) associated with paging.

[0033] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor. The processor may be configured to receive configuration information indicating a quality threshold, a first plurality of cells, and a second plurality of cells. A new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) measurement associated with at least one cell in the first plurality of cells may be determined. A first quality value for each cell in the first plurality of cells may be determined based on the NR-SS measurement associated with each cell in the first plurality of cells. In response to a determination that the first quality value of at least one cell in the first plurality of cells exceeds the quality threshold, the highest quality cell in the first plurality of cells may be selected based on the first quality value of each cell in the first plurality of cells. A first low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) resource associated with the highest quality cell in the first plurality of cells may be monitored. In response to a determination that the first quality value of all cells in the first plurality of cells fails to exceed the quality threshold, NR-SS measurements and low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) measurements associated with at least one cell in the second plurality of cells may be determined. A second quality value may be determined based on a combination of the NR-SS measurements and LP-SS measurements associated with at least one cell in the second plurality of cells. The highest quality cell in the second plurality of cells may be selected based on the second quality value. It can monitor the second LP-WUS resource associated with the highest quality cell in the second plurality of cells.

[0034] When the WTRU is a first-type WTRU configured to monitor both NR-SS and LP-SS, the processor can be configured to select the highest-quality cell among the first plurality of cells based on the first quality value in response to determining that the first quality value of at least one cell among the first plurality of cells exceeds a quality threshold, and to select the highest-quality cell among the second plurality of cells based on a second quality value in response to determining that the first quality values ​​of all cells among the first plurality of cells fail to exceed the quality threshold. When the WTRU is a second-type WTRU configured to monitor LP-SS but not NR-SS, the processor can be configured to determine an LP-SS measurement associated with at least one cell among the second plurality of cells, determine a third quality value based on the LP-SS measurement, and select the highest-quality cell among the second plurality of cells based on the third quality value.

[0035] A first quality value for each of the first plurality of cells may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) value associated with the NR-SS associated with the first plurality of cells. A second quality value for each of the second plurality of cells may include a combined RSRP value associated with the NR-SS and LP-SS associated with the second plurality of cells. A third quality value for each of the second plurality of cells may include an LP-RSRP based on the LP-SS associated with the second plurality of cells.

[0036] First, some cells may only be able to transmit NR-SS. Second, some cells may be able to transmit both NR-SS and LP-SS.

[0037] The processor can be configured to determine an additional quality value for each of a first plurality of cells, or an additional quality value for at least one of a second plurality of cells. The processor can be configured to select a second cell from the first plurality of cells or from the second plurality of cells based on the determination that the selected second cell has a higher quality value than the currently selected cell.

[0038] When the WTRU is a Type 1 WTRU, the additional quality value of each cell in the first plurality of cells can be determined based on additional NR-SS measurements and additional LP-SS measurements associated with each cell in the first plurality of cells. When the WTRU is a Type 2 WTRU, the additional quality value of at least one cell in the second plurality of cells can be determined based on additional LP-SS measurements associated with at least one cell in the second plurality of cells.

[0039] The highest quality cell among the first plurality of cells or the highest quality cell among the second plurality of cells can be selected based on a priority associated with at least one cell among the first plurality of cells or at least one cell among the second plurality of cells. The priority associated with at least one cell among the first plurality of cells or the second plurality of cells can be determined based on at least one of cell type, signal quality, or network configuration information.

[0040] The processor can be configured to apply a bias to a first quality value or a second quality value based on at least one of the following: whether the WTRU is a first type WTRU or a second type WTRU, the capability of at least one of the first plurality of cells or the second plurality of cells, or configuration information associated with at least one of the first plurality of cells or the second plurality of cells.

[0041] The processor can be configured to prioritize determining NR-SS measurements over determining LP-SS measurements when the WTRU is in a connected state, and to prioritize determining LP-SS measurements when the WTRU is in an idle state.

[0042] The highest quality cell in the second plurality of cells can be selected based on the determination that the second quality value exceeds the highest quality value determined for any cell in the first plurality of cells or any other cell in the second plurality of cells.

[0043] The method can be performed by a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU). The method may include receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a quality threshold, a first plurality of cells, and a second plurality of cells. A new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) measurement associated with at least one cell in the first plurality of cells can be determined. A first quality value for each cell in the first plurality of cells can be determined based on the NR-SS measurement associated with each cell in the first plurality of cells. In response to determining that the first quality value of at least one cell in the first plurality of cells exceeds the quality threshold, the highest quality cell in the first plurality of cells can be selected based on the first quality value of each cell in the first plurality of cells. A first low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) resource associated with the highest quality cell in the first plurality of cells can be monitored. In response to determining that the first quality value of all cells in the first plurality of cells fails to exceed the quality threshold, NR-SS measurements and low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) measurements associated with at least one cell in the second plurality of cells can be determined. A second quality value can be determined based on a combination of the NR-SS measurements and LP-SS measurements associated with at least one cell in the second plurality of cells. The highest quality cell in the second plurality of cells can be selected based on the second quality value. It can monitor the second LP-WUS resource associated with the highest quality cell in the second plurality of cells.

[0044] When the WTRU is a first type WTRU configured to monitor both NR-SS and LP-SS, the method may include selecting the highest quality cell among the first plurality of cells based on the first quality value in response to determining that a first quality value of at least one cell in the first plurality of cells exceeds a quality threshold, and selecting the highest quality cell among a second plurality of cells based on a second quality value in response to determining that the first quality values ​​of all cells in the first plurality of cells fail to exceed the quality threshold. When the WTRU is a second type WTRU configured to monitor LP-SS but not NR-SS, the method may include determining an LP-SS measurement associated with at least one cell in the second plurality of cells, determining a third quality value based on the LP-SS measurement, and selecting the highest quality cell among the second plurality of cells based on the third quality value.

[0045] A first quality value for each of the first plurality of cells may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) value associated with the NR-SS associated with the first plurality of cells. A second quality value for each of the second plurality of cells may include a combined RSRP value associated with the NR-SS and LP-SS associated with the second plurality of cells. A third quality value for each of the second plurality of cells may include an LP-RSRP based on the LP-SS associated with the second plurality of cells.

[0046] First, some cells may only be able to transmit NR-SS. Second, some cells may be able to transmit both NR-SS and LP-SS.

[0047] The method may include determining an additional quality value for each of a first plurality of cells, or an additional quality value for at least one of a second plurality of cells. The method may also include selecting a second cell from the first plurality of cells or from the second plurality of cells, based on the determination that the selected second cell has a higher quality value than the currently selected cell.

[0048] When the WTRU is a Type 1 WTRU, the additional quality value of each cell in the first plurality of cells can be determined based on additional NR-SS measurements and additional LP-SS measurements associated with each cell in the first plurality of cells. When the WTRU is a Type 2 WTRU, the additional quality value of at least one cell in the second plurality of cells can be determined based on additional LP-SS measurements associated with at least one cell in the second plurality of cells.

[0049] The highest quality cell among the first plurality of cells or the highest quality cell among the second plurality of cells can be selected based on a priority associated with at least one cell among the first plurality of cells or at least one cell among the second plurality of cells. The priority associated with at least one cell among the first plurality of cells or the second plurality of cells can be determined based on at least one of cell type, signal quality, or network configuration information.

[0050] The method may include applying a bias to a first quality value or a second quality value based on at least one of the following: whether the WTRU is a first type WTRU or a second type WTRU, the capabilities of at least one of the first plurality of cells or the second plurality of cells, or configuration information associated with at least one of the first plurality of cells or the second plurality of cells.

[0051] The method may include prioritizing the determination of NR-SS measurements over the determination of LP-SS measurements when the WTRU is in a connected state, and prioritizing the determination of LP-SS measurements when the WTRU is in an idle state.

[0052] The highest quality cell in the second plurality of cells can be selected based on the determination that the second quality value exceeds the highest quality value determined for any cell in the first plurality of cells or any other cell in the second plurality of cells. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented.

[0054] Figure 1B This illustrates that, according to an embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1AThe system diagram shown is of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used in the communication system.

[0055] Figure 1C This illustrates that, according to an embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A The system diagram shows an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used in the communication system shown.

[0056] Figure 1D This illustrates that, according to an embodiment, it is possible to Figure 1A The system diagram shows another example RAN and another example CN used in the communication system shown.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating a simplified receiver architecture for a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that utilizes a low-power wake-up receiver.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of single-bit on / off keying (OOK) transmission using an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) symbol.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example OOK transmission using multiple bits in an OFDM symbol.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example OOK transmission using multiple tones and a single bit.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example OOK transmission using multi-bit and time-domain multiplexing within an OFDM symbol. Detailed Implementation

[0062] Figure 1A This diagram illustrates an example communication system 100 in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, and broadcasting to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 enables multiple wireless users to access this content by sharing system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Zero Tail Unique Word DFT Spread Spectrum OFDM (ZT UWDTS-s OFDM), Unique Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Resource Block Filtered OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0063] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transceiver units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as WTRUs.

[0064] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of base stations 114a and 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks (e.g., CN 106 / 115, Internet 110, and / or other networks 112). For example, base stations 114a and 114b may be base transceiver stations (BTS), node Bs, eNodeBs, home node Bs, home eNodeBs, gNBs, NRNodeBs, site controllers, access points (APs), wireless routers, etc. Although base stations 114a and 114b are each described as a single element, it should be understood that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base station and / or network elements.

[0065] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, and may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may also be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver per sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0066] Base stations 114a and 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via air interface 116. Air interface 116 can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Any suitable radio access technology (RAT) can be used to establish air interface 116.

[0067] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 can be a multiple access system and can employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in RAN 104 / 113 can implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which can establish air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA can include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA can include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0068] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which can use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro) to establish air interface 116.

[0069] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as NR radio access, which can establish an air interface 116 using a new radio (NR).

[0070] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can jointly implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, for example, using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Therefore, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0071] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., WiMAX), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE), and GSM EDGE (GERAN).

[0072] For example, Figure 1ABase station 114b can be a wireless router, home node B, home eNodeB, or access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as commercial locations, homes, vehicles, campuses, industrial facilities, air corridors (e.g., for drone use), roads, etc. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize cellular-based RATs (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish picocells or femtocells. Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b can be directly connected to Internet 110. Therefore, it is not required that base station 114b access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0073] RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. Data can have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, location-based services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, and / or perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although in Figure 1A Although not shown, it should be understood that RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs using the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to connecting to RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, CN 106 / 115 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) using GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0074] CN 106 / 115 can also serve as a gateway for WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing Common Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices using common communication protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. Network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0075] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example... Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown can be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that can use cellular-based radio technology and with a base station 114b that can use IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0076] Figure 1B This is a system diagram illustrating example WTRU 102. (See diagram below.) Figure 1B As shown, WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmitting / receiving element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138, etc. It should be understood that WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0077] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding / decoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functions that enable WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, and transceiver 120 may be coupled to transmitting / receiving element 122. Although Figure 1B While processor 118 and transceiver 120 are described as separate components, it should be understood that processor 118 and transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0078] Transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be, for example, a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and optical signals. It should be understood that transmitting / receiving element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0079] Although the transmitting / receiving element 122 is in Figure 1B While described as a single element, WTRU 102 may include any number of transmitting / receiving elements 122. More specifically, WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include two or more transmitting / receiving elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals via air interface 116.

[0080] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by transmitting / receiving element 122 and demodulate signals received by transmitting / receiving element 122. As described above, WTRU 102 can have multi-mode capability. Therefore, for example, transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0081] The processor 118 of WTRU 102 can be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and can receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keyboard 126, and / or display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 can access and store information from any type of suitable memory (e.g., non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132). Non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital storage (SD) card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 can access and store information from memory that is not physically located on WTRU 102 (e.g., on a server or home computer (not shown)).

[0082] The processor 118 can receive power from the power supply 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 can be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0083] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) about the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or instead of, information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via air interface 116, and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be understood that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with the embodiments.

[0084] The processor 118 may be further coupled to other peripheral devices 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules providing additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripheral devices 138 may include accelerometers, electronic compasses, satellite transceivers, digital cameras (for photos and / or video), Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, vibration devices, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, Bluetooth® modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, etc. Peripheral devices 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors; geolocation sensors; altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, attitude sensors, biosensors, and / or humidity sensors.

[0085] WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with a specific subframe of both UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via signal processing (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with a specific subframe of either UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0086] Figure 1C This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to one embodiment. As described above, RAN 104 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. RAN 104 can also communicate with CN 106.

[0087] RAN 104 may include eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c; however, it should be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Therefore, for example, eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a.

[0088] Each of the eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, and user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, eNode-B 160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0089] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is described as part of CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0090] The MME 162 can connect to each eNode-B 162a, 162b, 162c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can be used as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attachment of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies (such as GSM and / or WCDMA).

[0091] The SGW 164 can connect to each eNode B 160a, 160b, or 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 can typically route and forward user data packets to / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, or 102c. The SGW 164 can perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode B handover; triggering paging when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102b, or 102c; and managing and storing the context of WTRUs 102a, 102b, or 102c.

[0092] The SGW 164 can connect to the PGW 166, which can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to packet-switched networks such as Internet 110, to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0093] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a circuit-switched network such as PSTN 108 to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and traditional landline communication equipment. For example, CN 106 may include, or be able to communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0094] Despite WTRU in Figure 1A-1D While described as a wireless terminal, it is conceivable that, in some representative embodiments, such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0095] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0096] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) mode can have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP can access or peer into a distributed system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS destined for a STA can be delivered to the AP via it. Traffic originating from a STA destined for a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the appropriate destination. For example, traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent via the AP, where the source STA can send traffic to the AP, and the AP can deliver traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as peering traffic. Peering traffic can be sent between source and destination STAs (e.g., directly between them) using Direct Link Establishment (DLS). In some representative embodiments, the DLS can use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using the Standalone BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an access point (AP), and STAs within the IBSS or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode is sometimes referred to as the "self-organizing" communication mode in this document.

[0097] When operating in 802.11ac infrastructure mode or a similar mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel (e.g., the primary channel). The primary channel can be of a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz bandwidth) or dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In some representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, for example in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, each STA, including the AP, can sense the primary channel. If a particular STA senses / detects and / or determines that the primary channel is busy, that particular STA can back off. A single STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time within a given BSS.

[0098] High-throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using a 40MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a primary 20MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20MHz channels.

[0099] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs can support channels with widths of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, and / or 160MHz. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-consecutive 80MHz channels, which can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data passes through a segment resolver, which splits the data into two streams. Each stream can be processed separately using Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and time-domain processing. These streams can be mapped onto the two 80MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operation of the 80+80 configuration described above can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the Media Access Control (MAC).

[0100] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1 GHz. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV Blank (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz using non-TVWS. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah can support metering-type control / machine-type communications, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support (e.g., only support) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with a battery life exceeding a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0101] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by one of the STAs operating in the BSS that supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In the 802.11ah example, for STAs that support (e.g., only support) the 1MHz mode (e.g., MTC type devices), the primary channel can be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier Sense and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example because an STA (e.g., that only supports the 1MHz operating mode) is sending to the AP, the entire available band can be considered busy, even if most of the band remains idle and may be available.

[0102] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is from 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is from 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is from 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0103] Figure 1D This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to one embodiment. As described above, RAN 113 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using NR radio technology. RAN 113 can also communicate with CN 115.

[0104] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c; however, it should be understood that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Therefore, for example, gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers (not shown) to WTRU 102a. A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can implement Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a can receive coordinated transmissions from gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0105] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with scalable digitization. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or continuously varying lengths of absolute time).

[0106] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without simultaneously accessing other RANs (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can utilize one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as mobility anchors. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in unlicensed frequency bands. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, while also communicating / connecting with another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles to communicate substantially simultaneously with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, as well as one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. In a non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can be used as mobility anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0107] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network slicing support, dual connectivity, interoperability between NR and E-UTRA, routing user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPF) 184a and 184b, and routing control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 182a and 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0108] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is described as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0109] AMF 182a and 182b can connect to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N2 interface and can be used as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting specific SMF 183a and 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. AMF 182a and 182b can use network slicing to customize CN support for WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the service type used by WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases (e.g., services relying on Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services relying on Enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, services for Machine Type Communication (MTC) access, etc.). AMF 162 can provide control plane functions for handover between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0110] SMFs 183a and 183b can connect to AMFs 182a and 182b in CN 115 via the N11 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can also connect to UPFs 184a and 184b in CN 115 via the N4 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control UPFs 184a and 184b, and configure the routing of services through UPFs 184a and 184b. SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating WTRU IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notifications. PDU session types can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0111] UPF 184a and 184b can be connected to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N3 interface. This interface can provide WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a packet-switched network (e.g., Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-destination PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring.

[0112] CN 115 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 115 may include, or be able to communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) serving as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 115 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a and 185b via UPFs 184a and 184b through their N3 interfaces and the N6 interface between UPFs 184a and 184b and DNs 185a and 185b.

[0113] Given Figure 1A-1D as well as Figure 1A-1D As described in the corresponding descriptions herein, one or all of the functions described for one or more of the WTRU 102a-d, base station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other device described herein (one or more) may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). An emulation device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0114] Simulation devices can be designed to perform tests on one or more other devices in laboratory and / or carrier network environments. For example, one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For testing purposes, simulation devices can be directly coupled to another device and / or can use over-the-air wireless communication to perform tests.

[0115] One or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, including all functions, rather than being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, emulation devices may be used in test scenarios outside of deployment (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication networks and / or test laboratories to implement testing of one or more components. One or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Emulation devices may transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas).

[0116] Figure 2 Figure 200 shows a simplified receiver architecture for a WTRU using a low-power wake-up receiver. Monitoring with a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) can reduce power consumption in WTRUs and other small battery-powered devices. Figure 2 As shown, a separate ultra-low power receiver can monitor the wake-up signal (WUS) and can trigger the main radio (MR) dedicated to data and control signal transmission / reception.

[0117] When the WTRU is in Radio Resource Control (RRC) Idle, RRC Inactive, and RRC Connected modes, the receiver of the New Radio (NR) and / or LP-WUS can support the deep sleep state of the MR.

[0118] Multiple receiver architectures can support LP-WUS. For example, On-Off Keying (OOK) and / or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) can be considered. OOK can provide low power and / or a simpler WTRU implementation, while OFDMA can provide better coverage and / or coexistence. OFDMA receivers can reuse existing NR synchronization signals, while OOK receivers may require additional synchronization signals for LP-WUS. High-level implementations of LP-WUS can maintain timing-related information even during the shutdown state, but may consume a relatively high amount of power during shutdown. Less advanced implementations of LP-WUS may experience longer activation wait times and / or remaining frequency during shutdown, but may consume a relatively low amount of power.

[0119] In a cellular network, cells with different synchronization signal (SS) transmission capabilities can coexist, thereby providing connectivity to a WTRU. For example, a first cell type may be able to transmit more than one type of SS (e.g., New Radio Synchronization Signal (NR-SS) and / or Low Power Synchronization Signal (LP-SS)), while a second cell type may be able to transmit only one type of SS (e.g., NR-SS). A cellular network may include WTRUs with different SS reception capabilities. For example, a first type of WTRU may be able to receive more than one type of SS (e.g., NR-SS and / or LP-SS associated with the first cell type). A second type of WTRU may be able to receive only one type of SS (e.g., NR-SS associated with the second cell type). The WTRU may select one or more cells and / or resources for LP-WUS surveillance using a solution or a combination of solutions based on, for example, the WTRU's SS reception capability, the cell type, and / or the quality of the SS received from one or more cells (e.g., quality values).

[0120] WTRUs can be configured to handle different WTRU capabilities and / or cell capabilities to measure synchronization signals. Cell and resource selection for LP-WUS monitoring can be performed using offsets based on cell type.

[0121] The WTRU can receive configurations of a first coefficient, a second coefficient, a quality difference, and / or one or more cell configurations. Each cell configuration can indicate a cell identifier (ID), a first cell type (e.g., a cell transmitting both NR-SS and / or LP-SS), and / or a second cell type (e.g., a cell transmitting only NR-SS). When the WTRU is a first-type WTRU (e.g., capable of monitoring both NR-SS and LP-SS), the WTRU can measure both LP-SS and NR-SS associated with the first cell type and NR-SS associated with the second cell type. The WTRU can determine the quality (e.g., a quality value) of each cell. For example, the quality of the first cell type can be equal to the measured quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)). The WTRU can determine the measured quality (e.g., RSRP) of both NR-SS and / or LP-SS. The quality of the second cell type can be equal to the sum of the measured quality (e.g., RSRP) and the quality difference (e.g., ΔRSRP).

[0122] The WTRU can select LP-WUS resources associated with cells in one or more cell IDs based on a determined quality (e.g., the cell with the best determined quality among one or more cell IDs). For cells of a first cell type, the WTRU can select LP-WUS resources using quality measurements of either NR-SS and / or LP-SS, and / or both. The WTRU can use the higher quality value of two separately measured quality measurements (e.g., NR-SS and LP-SS). Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU can use a combination of NR-SS and LP-SS quality. For example, the combination quality for a first cell type can be equal to a first coefficient multiplied by the measured quality of NR-SS (e.g., RSRP) plus a second coefficient multiplied by the measured quality of LP-SS (e.g., LP-RSRP). The sum of the first and second coefficients can equal 1.

[0123] When the WTRU is a Type II WTRU (e.g., capable of measuring only LP-SS using its LP-WUR), the WTRU can measure the LP-SS associated with a cell ID of the first cell type and determine the quality of each cell. Based on this measurement, the WTRU can select cells with associated LP-WUS resources (e.g., selecting the cell with the best determined RSRP among the associated cell IDs). The WTRU can monitor the LP-WUS resources for the selected cells. For example, when the WTRU receives LP-WUS from the LP-WUS resources of the selected cells, the WTRU can monitor the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) associated with paging.

[0124] Cell and resource selection for LP-WUS monitoring can be performed for one or more of multiple cells and / or cell groups. The WTRU can receive quality thresholds, configuration information for a first group of cells (e.g., cells that can transmit NR-SS only) and / or a second group of cells (e.g., cells that can transmit NR-SS and / or LP-SS).

[0125] When the WTRU is a Type I WTRU (e.g., capable of monitoring either or both of NR-SS and / or LP-SS), the WTRU can measure one or more NR-SS associated with a corresponding cell in the first group of cells, and / or can determine the Type I quality (e.g., RSRP) of each cell based on the determined measurements of the resource element (RE) carrying the NR-SS.

[0126] When the quality of at least one cell in the first group of cells is above a quality threshold, the WTRU can select a cell with associated LP-WUS resources (e.g., the cell in the first group with the best determined quality) for the cells in the first group based on the determined quality. When the quality of all cells in the first group of cells is below a quality threshold, the WTRU can determine one or more NR-SS and / or LP-SS measurements associated with cells in the second group of cells. The WTRU can determine a second type of quality (e.g., combined RSRP) for one or more cells in the second group of cells based on measurements determined by one or more REs carrying NR-SS and / or one or more REs carrying LP-SS (e.g., combined quality of NR-SS REs and / or LP-SS REs).

[0127] The WTRU can select cells with associated LP-WUS resources (e.g., the cells with the best quality in the second group) for cells in the second group based on the determined quality. When the WTRU is a Type II WTRU (e.g., capable of measuring only LP-SS using its LP-WUR), the WTRU can measure the LP-SS associated with cells in the second group. The WTRU can determine the Type III quality (e.g., LP-RSRP) of each cell by measuring the OFDM symbols carrying the LP-SS. The WTRU can select cells with associated LP-WUS resources (e.g., the cells with the best determined LP-RSRP in the second group) for cells in the second group based on the determined quality.

[0128] The WTRU can utilize the associated LP-WUS resources of a cell to monitor the LP-WUS within that cell. For example, when the WTRU receives an LP-WUS in a determined LP-WUS resource, the WTRU can monitor the PDCCH associated with the paging.

[0129] The WTRU can transmit and / or receive physical channels and / or reference signals based on at least one spatial domain filter. The term "beam" can be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0130] The WTRU can use the same spatial domain filter used for receiving reference signals (RS) such as, for example, channel state information-RS (CSI-RS and / or SS blocks) to transmit physical channels and / or signals. The WTRU transmission can be referred to as the "target". The received RS and / or SS blocks can be referred to as the "reference" and / or "source". In this case, the WTRU can transmit the target physical channel and / or signals based on the spatial relationships of the reference RS and / or SS blocks.

[0131] The WTRU can use the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used to transmit the second physical channel and / or signal to transmit the first physical channel and / or signal. The first and second transmissions can be referred to as "target" and "reference" (or "source"), respectively. In this case, the WTRU can transmit the first (e.g., target) physical channel and / or signal based on the spatial relationship of the reference second (e.g., reference or source) physical channel and / or signal.

[0132] Spatial relationships can be implicit, configured by the RRC and / or by the Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) and / or Downlink Control Information (DCI) signaling. For example, the WTRU can implicitly transmit the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and the Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) of the PUSCH using the same spatial domain filter as indicated in the DCI and / or by the SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) configured by the RRC. In another example, spatial relationships can be configured by the RRC for the SRI and / or by the MAC CE for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) signaling. This spatial relationship can also be referred to as "beam indication."

[0133] The WTRU can receive a first (e.g., target) downlink channel and / or signal based on the same spatial domain filters and / or spatial reception parameters as the second (e.g., reference) downlink channel and / or signal. For example, this association can exist between physical channels such as the PDCCH and / or the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and / or their corresponding DM-RS. This association may exist at least when both the first and second signals are reference signals, and when the WTRU is configured with a Quasi-Cooperative Positioning (QCL) assumption type D between the corresponding antenna ports. This association can be configured as a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state. The WTRU can be indicated by the association between the CSI-RS and / or the SS block and / or the DM-RS via an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or by MAC CE signaling. This indication can also be referred to as "beam indication".

[0134] The term Transmit and Receive Point (TRP) may be used interchangeably with one or more of the following: Transmit Point (TP), Receive Point (RP), Radio Remote Header (RRH), Distributed Antenna (DA), Base Station (BS), Sector (e.g., a sector of a BS), and / or Cell (e.g., the geographic cell area served by a BS). The term Multiple TRP may be used interchangeably with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, and / or Multiple TRP.

[0135] The WTRU can report a subset of Channel State Information (CSI) components, where each CSI component may correspond to one or more of the following: CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), SSB Resource Indicator (SSBRI), indications for panels received by the WTRU (e.g., panel identifier or group identifier), measurements obtained from the SSB and / or CSI-RS such as L1-RSRP, L1-SINR (e.g., CRI-RSRP, CRI-SINR, SSB-Index-RSRP, and / or SSB-Index-SINR), and / or other channel state information. Other channel state information may include one or more of the following: Rank Indicator (RI), Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), and / or Layer Index (LI).

[0136] The WTRU can receive synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) blocks. An SS / PBCH block (SSB) can include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The WTRU can monitor, receive, and / or attempt to decode SSBs during initial access, initial synchronization, radio link surveillance (RLM), cell search, and / or cell handover.

[0137] The WTRU can measure and / or report Channel State Information (CSI), wherein the CSI for each connectivity mode may include and / or be configured with one or more of the following: CSI reporting configuration, CSI-RS resource set, and / or non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The CSI reporting configuration may include one or more of the following: the number of CSI reports (e.g., Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Rank Indicator (RI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), and / or Layer Indicator (LI)); CSI report type (e.g., aperiodic, semi-persistent, and / or periodic); CSI report codebook configuration (e.g., Type I, Type II, and / or Type II port selection); and / or CSI reporting frequency. The CSI-RS resource set may include, for example, CSI-RS resources for channel measurements, NZP-CSI-RS resources for interference measurements, and / or CSI-IM resources for interference measurements. NZP CSI-RS resources may include, for example, NZP CSI-RS resource ID; periodicity and / or offset; QCL information and / or TCI status; and / or resource mapping (e.g., number of ports, density, and / or CDM type).

[0138] The WTRU can indicate, identify, and / or configure one or more reference signals. The WTRU can monitor, receive, and / or measure one or more parameters based on the corresponding reference signals. For example, one or more of the following can be applied. The following parameters are non-limiting examples of parameters that can be included in the measurement of the reference signals. One or more of these parameters may be included, as well as other similar parameters.

[0139] The SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) can be measured based on a synchronization signal (e.g., the demodulated reference signal (DMRS) in the PBCH and / or SSS). SS-RSRP can be defined as a linear average of the power contributions of the resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding synchronization signal. Power scaling of the reference signal can be implemented when measuring RSRP. In the case of SS-RSRP being used for Layer 1 RSRP (L1-RSRP), the measurement can also be determined based on the CSI reference signal in addition to the synchronization signal.

[0140] CSI-RSRP can be measured based on a linear average of the power contribution of the resource element (RE) carrying the corresponding CSI-RS. CSI-RSRP measurement can be configured within the measurement resources used for the configured CSI-RS timing.

[0141] The Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SS-SINR) can be measured based on a synchronization signal (e.g., PBCH and / or DMRS in the SSS). SS-SINR can be defined as the linear average of the power contributions of the resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise interference power contributions. When SS-SINR is used for Layer 1-SINR (L1-SINR), the noise interference power measurement can be determined based on resources configured by higher layers.

[0142] CSI-SINR measurements can be determined by dividing the linear average of the power contribution of the resource element (RE) carrying the corresponding CSI-RS by the linear average of the noise interference power contribution. When CSI-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise interference power measurement can be determined based on the resources configured at higher layers. Otherwise, the noise interference power measurement can be determined based on the resources carrying the corresponding CSI-RS.

[0143] Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements can be determined based on the average of the total power contributions across the configured OFDM symbols and bandwidth. These can be derived from one or more of the received power contributions from various resources, such as co-channel serving and / or non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, and / or thermal noise.

[0144] Cross-Layer Interference Received Signal Strength Indicator (CLI-RSSI) measurements can be determined based on the average of the total power contribution across the configured OFDM symbols for the configured time and frequency resources. The received power contribution can be derived from any of several different resources, such as cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, and / or thermal noise.

[0145] The probe reference signal RSRP (SRS-RSRP) measurement can be determined based on the linear average value above the power contribution of the resource element (RE) carrying the corresponding SRS.

[0146] The auxiliary synchronization signal reference signal reception quality value measurement (e.g., SS-RSRQ) can be determined based on the reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) measurement and / or received signal strength (RSSI) measurement. In the example, SS-RSRQ can be calculated as the ratio of N × SS-RSRP / NR carrier RSSI, where N can be determined based on the number of resource blocks in the corresponding NR carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. In this way, the measurements used in the numerator and denominator can be based on the same set of resource blocks.

[0147] CSI Reference Signal Received Quality (CSI-RSRQ) can be determined based on measurements of Reference Signal Received Power (CSI-RSRP) and / or Received Signal Strength (RSSI). In the example, CSI-RSRQ can be calculated as the ratio of N × CSI-RSRP / CSIRSSI, where N can be determined based on the number of resource blocks in the corresponding CSI-RSSI measurement bandwidth. This allows the measurements used in both the numerator and denominator to be based on the same set of resource blocks.

[0148] CSI report configurations (e.g., CSI-ReportConfigs) can be associated with a single bandwidth portion (BWP) (e.g., indicated by BWP-Id), where one or more of the following parameters can be configured: CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets for channel and interference measurements; CSI-RS report configuration type, including periodic, semi-persistent, and non-periodic reports; CSI-RS transmission periodicity for periodic and semi-persistent CSI reports; CSI-RS transmission slot offsets for periodic, semi-persistent, and non-periodic CSI reports; a list of CSI-RS transmission slot offsets for semi-persistent and non-periodic CSI reports; time constraints for channel and interference measurements; report band configuration (e.g., wideband, subband CQI, and / or PMI); thresholds and / or calculation modes for the number of reports (e.g., CQI, RSRP, SINR, LI, and / or RI); codebook configuration; group-based beam reporting; CQI table; subband size; non-PMI port indication; and / or port index.

[0149] A CSI-RS resource set (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) may include one or more CSI-RS resources (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resource and CSI-ResourceConfig). A WTRU may be configured in a CSI-RS resource with one or more of the following: CSI-RS periodicity and / or slot offsets for periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS resources; CSI-RS resource mappings defining the number, density, CDM type, OFDM symbols, and / or subcarrier occupancy of CSI-RS ports; the bandwidth portion to which the configured CSI-RS is allocated; and / or a reference to the TCI state, including, for example, QCL source RS and / or the corresponding QCL type.

[0150] One or more configurations can be used for an RS resource set. A WTRU can be configured with one or more RS resource sets. An RS resource set configuration can include one or more of the following: RS resource set ID, one or more RS resources for the RS resource set, repetition (e.g., on or off), non-periodic trigger offset (e.g., one of 0-6 time slots), and / or TRS information (e.g., true or false).

[0151] One or more configurations can be used for RS resources. A WTRU can be configured with one or more RS resources. RS resource configurations can include one or more of the following: RS resource ID, resource mapping (e.g., RE in PRB), power control offset (e.g., a value of -8, ..., 15), power control offset with SS (e.g., -3dB, 0dB, 3dB and / or 6dB), scrambling ID, periodicity and / or offset, and / or QCL information (e.g., based on TCI state).

[0152] The attributes of granting and / or allocation may include one or more of the following: frequency allocation; aspects of time allocation (e.g., duration); priority; modulation and / or encoding / decoding scheme; transport block size; number of spatial layers; number of transport blocks; TCI status, CRI, and / or SRI; number of repetitions; whether the repetition scheme is type A or type B; whether the grant is a configured grant type 1, type 2, and / or dynamic grant; whether the allocation is a dynamic allocation or a semi-persistent scheduling (e.g., configured) allocation; configured grant index and / or semi-persistent allocation index; periodicity of configured granting and / or allocation; channel access priority level (CAPC); and / or any parameters provided in the DCI by MAC and / or RRC for scheduling granting and / or allocation.

[0153] In some examples, the indications by DCI may include one or more of the following: explicit indications of the CRC for masking and / or scrambling DCI by the DCI field and / or RNTI; implicit indications by attributes, such as, for example, DCI format, DCI size, core set and / or search space, aggregation level and / or the first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., index of the first control channel element), wherein the mapping between attributes and values ​​may be provided by RRC and / or MAC signaling.

[0154] Receiving and / or monitoring a DCI that has and / or uses RNTI may mean that the CRC of the DCI is masked and / or scrambled by RNTI.

[0155] The signal may be used interchangeably with one or more of the following: Probe Reference Signal (SRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS), and / or Synchronization Signal Block (SSB).

[0156] The channel can be used interchangeably with one or more of the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and / or Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) in this document.

[0157] The terms “signal,” “channel,” and / or “message” (e.g., as in DL or UL signal, channel, and / or message) are used interchangeably herein. RS is used interchangeably herein with one or more of RS resources, RS resource sets, RS ports, and / or RS port groups. RS is used interchangeably herein with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, DM-RS, TRS, PRS, and / or PTRS.

[0158] The terms “time instance,” “time slot,” “symbol,” and / or “subframe” are used interchangeably. SSB, SS / PBCH block, PSS, SSS, PBCH, and / or MIB are also used interchangeably herein.

[0159] "Beam Resource Prediction" can be used for beam resources belonging to a single cell, multiple cells, and / or a single and / or multiple TRPs. CSI reports are interchangeable with CSI measurements, beam reports, and / or beam measurements in this document. RS resource sets are interchangeable with beam groups in this document.

[0160] One or more waveforms can be used to generate LP-WUS. Here, K can represent the magnitude of the inverse fast Fourier transform (iFFT) of the cyclic prefix-OFDMA (CP-OFDMA), and / or N can represent the number of subcarriers (SCs) used by LP-WUS, including, for example, potential guard bands.

[0161] Figure 3 Figure 300 illustrates an example OOK transmission using a single bit in one (1) OFDM symbol. The example OOK transmission (e.g., OOK-1) can be a wideband transmission using a single bit in one (1) OFDM symbol. The SC of LP-WUS can be determined based on the value of OOK. For example, when OOK=1, one or more (e.g., some or all) SCs can be modulated. When OOK=0, one or more (e.g., some or all) SCs can be zero power (e.g., from a baseband perspective).

[0162] Figure 4Figure 400 illustrates an example OOK transmission using multiple bits within an OFDM symbol. The example OOK transmission (e.g., OOK-2) can be a parallel M-bit OOK in the frequency domain. The N SCs of LP-WUS can be further divided into M segments (e.g., as shown in Figure 400). Figure 4 As shown, M=2), including, for example, guard bands between and / or around. When OOK=1, one or more (e.g., some or all) SCs in a segment can be modulated. When OOK=0, one or more (e.g., some or all) SCs in a segment can be zero power (e.g., from the perspective of the baseband).

[0163] Figure 5 Figure 500 illustrates an example OOK transmission using multiple tones and single bits. The N SCs of LP-WUS can be divided into L segments (e.g., L=2, as shown in Figure 500). Figure 5 As shown), this includes, for example, the absence of guard bands between segments and / or the presence of guard bands around them. When OOK=1, one (1) subcarrier of each segment (e.g., known to the WTRU) can be modulated, while the remaining SCs can be zero power (e.g., from a baseband perspective). When OOK=0, one or more (e.g., some or all) SCs in one or more segments can be zero power (e.g., from a baseband perspective).

[0164] Figure 6 Figure 600 illustrates an example OOK transmission using multiple bits and time-domain multiplexing in a single (1) OFDM symbol. The N SCs of OOK-1 can be generated by a transformation (e.g., DFT / least squares). N' samples can be generated from M bits. Signal modifications can be used. Truncation and / or other additional modifications can be applied. When no truncation and / or other additional modifications are applied, N can be the same as N'. In some examples, N' can also be the same as K.

[0165] The N SCs of LP-WUS can be divided into M pairs of segments, with potential guard bands between and around them. A segment may include a subcarrier and / or multiple consecutive SCs. In a pair of segments, one segment may be modulated while the other segment may be zero power (e.g., from a baseband perspective).

[0166] The N SCs of LP-WUS can be divided into 2^M segments, with one or more guard bands between and / or around them. A segment may include a subcarrier and / or multiple consecutive SCs. In the example, one of the 2^M segments may be modulated and / or one or more other segments of the SC may be zero power (e.g., from a baseband perspective).

[0167] OFDM-based modulation symbols and / or sequences (e.g., PSS and / or SSS sequences) can be used for CP-OFDM (OFDMA)-based LP-WUS.

[0168] Hybrid waveforms can be used for LP-WUS generation. For example, a combination of OOK and / or OFDMA can be used by applying an OFDM sequence over OOK modulation. In another example, a combination of OOK and / or FSK can be used.

[0169] The WTRU can be configured with one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations. For example, the WTRU can be configured with one or more of the following: monitoring type (e.g., continuous and / or duty cycle), monitoring window (e.g., periodic and / or offset), LP-WUS bandwidth, and / or low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) configurations. When the WTRU receives and / or detects one or more LP-WUS signals, the WTRU can apply one or more of the following processes after receiving and / or detecting one or more LP-WUS signals.

[0170] For example, the WTRU can monitor the PDCCH after receiving and / or detecting one or more LP-WUS. The WTRU can wake up (e.g., activate the main radio (MR) and / or deactivate the low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)) and / or start monitoring the PDCCH (e.g., for paging).

[0171] The WTRU can apply System Information (SI) updates after receiving and / or detecting one or more LP-WUS. The WTRU can apply SI updates based on the received LP-WUS. In the example, the WTRU can apply one or more indicated SI groups (e.g., as indicated by the LP-WUS) after receiving one or more LP-WUS. In the example, the WTRU can receive updated SIs (e.g., via LP-WUS and / or PDSCH after MR activation).

[0172] The WTRU can apply paging-related information updates. The WTRU can apply paging-related information updates based on received LP-WUS. In the example, the WTRU can apply one or more sets of indicated paging-related information (e.g., as indicated by the LP-WUS) after receiving one or more LP-WUS. In the example, the WTRU can receive updated paging-related information (e.g., via LP-WUS and / or PDSCH after MR activation).

[0173] When the WTRU does not receive and / or detect one or more LP-WUS, the WTRU can continue to monitor LP-WUS based on one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations and / or other LP-WUS configuration information.

[0174] The WTRU can receive configuration information for LP-WUS resources. LP-WUS resources may include a set of configurations for receiving LP-WUS. For example, the configuration of an LP-WUS resource may include one or more of the following: signal structure, waveform, monitoring type, one or more frequency resources, and / or one or more time resources. The WTRU can also receive configuration information for the signal structure. For example, the WTRU may receive one or more of the following: preamble support and / or preamble length (e.g., when configured).

[0175] The WTRU can receive configuration information for waveforms. For example, the WTRU can receive one or more of OOK-1, OOK-4, and / or OFDMA as waveforms for LP-WUS.

[0176] WTRU can receive configuration information for monitoring types. For example, WTRU can receive configurations for continuous monitoring and / or duty cycle monitoring.

[0177] The WTRU can receive configuration information for one or more frequency resources. For example, the WTRU can receive configurations based on one or more of RBs, subbands, and / or BWPs to indicate the frequency resources used for receiving LP-WUS.

[0178] The WTRU can receive configuration information for time resources. For example, the WTRU can receive configurations based on one or more of periodicity and / or offset. Configuration indications can be based on OFDM symbols, US, and / or time slots. Cell and / or resource selection for LP-WUS monitoring can be performed using offsets based on cell type.

[0179] The WTRU can receive configuration information including a first coefficient, a second coefficient, and / or a quality difference (e.g., RSRP difference), which may be referred to as a quality value difference. The WTRU can receive configuration information for one or more cell configurations. Cell configurations may indicate cell IDs and / or cell types with one or more different SS transmission capabilities. For example, the WTRU can receive configuration information for a first cell type (e.g., a cell that can transmit either NR-SS and / or LP-SS, or both) and / or a second cell type (e.g., a cell that can only transmit NR-SS).

[0180] A first-type WTRU (e.g., a WTRU capable of monitoring either or both of NR-SS and LP-SS) can receive NR-SS and / or LP-SS from cells of a first-cell type, and / or can receive NR-SS from cells of a second-cell type. When the WTRU is a first-type WTRU, it can measure the LP-SS and / or NR-SS associated with cells of the first-cell type and / or the NR-SS associated with cells of the second-cell type. Based on the received NR-SS and LP-SS, the WTRU can determine the quality of one or more cells (e.g., LP-RSRP / RSRP, LP-RSSI / RSSI, LP-SINR / SINR, and / or LP-RSRQ / RSRQ). When a cell's NR-SS and / or LP-SS comprises multiple signals (e.g., such as LP-SS bursts and / or as NR-SS bursts), the average and / or sum of the LP-SS signal (such as, for example, LP-RSRP) and / or a subset of signals corresponding to the highest received signal power (e.g., the average or sum of one or more transmitted signals in an LP-SS burst or NR-SS burst) can be considered for determining cell quality measurements. In the example, the WTRU may use one or more of the following methods.

[0181] The quality (e.g., quality value) of a first cell type can be determined based on the measurement quality of one or more of a plurality of SSs (e.g., LP-RSRP and / or RSRP). For example, a WTRU can determine cell quality based on the measurement quality (e.g., RSRP) for either or both of NR-SS and / or LP-SS.

[0182] The quality of the second cell type can be determined based on the measurement quality (e.g., RSRP) of the NR-SS and / or the quality difference for its configured WTRU. For example, the quality of a cell of the second cell type can be equal to the sum of the measurement quality (e.g., RSRP) plus the quality difference (e.g., RSRP difference and / or ΔRSRP). Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU can determine the quality difference based on the coverage difference between cells of the first cell type and cells of the second cell type (which can be indicated by the gNB and / or measured based on a pre-configured reference signal).

[0183] WTRU can be configured to monitor LP-WUS based on determined quality (e.g., high quality values ​​and / or low quality values) and / or priority (e.g., high priority and / or low priority) of one or more (e.g., some or all) cells, such as based on priority for each cell type, selecting cells with associated LP-WUS resources from one or more cell IDs. One or more of the following methods can be used.

[0184] WTRU can select the cell with the highest measurement quality (e.g., highest RSRP) from one or more of a variety of cell IDs (e.g., available cell IDs).

[0185] The WTRU can determine (e.g., first determine) the quality of each cell in a plurality of cells of a first cell type based on measurements of NR-SS and / or LP-SS from one or more cells in a plurality of cells (e.g., each cell or multiple cells). The WTRU can compare the determined quality of one or more cells of the first cell type with the measured quality of one or more cells of the second cell type. The WTRU can select a cell (e.g., the cell with the highest calculated or measured quality) based on the determined quality of one or more cells of the first cell type and / or the measured quality of one or more cells of the second type. In the example, to determine the cell quality of one or more cells of the first cell type, the WTRU can use one or more of a plurality of processes, examples of which are described in further detail below.

[0186] In the example, for the first cell type, the WTRU can use the higher quality measurement (e.g., RSRP) from the individual measurements corresponding to NR-SS and / or LP-SS. In the example, the WTRU can combine the quality measurements associated with the NR-SS and / or LP-SS from the cell to determine the cell's quality. For example, the combined quality for the first cell type can be equal to the sum of the measurement quality of the NR-SS multiplied by a first coefficient (e.g., RSRP) plus the measurement quality of the LP-SS multiplied by a second coefficient (e.g., LP-RSRP), where the sum of the first and second coefficients can equal 1.

[0187] In the example, for the first cell type, WTRU can use the lower quality measurement (e.g., RSRP) among the individual measurements corresponding to NR-SS and / or LP-SS.

[0188] In the example, for the first cell type, for instance, when the measured LP-SS quality (e.g., LP-RSRP) is less than a pre-configured threshold (e.g., configured by RRC signaling, and / or MAC-CE indication, and / or DCI signaling), the WTRU can use the measured NR-SS quality (e.g., RSRP). When the measured LP-SS quality (e.g., LP-RSRP) is higher than a pre-configured threshold, the WTRU can use the measured LP-SS quality (e.g., LP-RSRP).

[0189] In the example, the WTRU can select the measured LP-SS quality and / or NR-SS quality as the cell quality for a first cell type based on the RRC status associated with LP-WUS monitoring. For instance, when the RRC status associated with LP-WUS monitoring is an RRC connected state, the WTRU can select NR-SS quality as the cell quality. When the RRC status associated with LP-WUS monitoring is an RRC inactive state and / or an RRC idle state, the WTRU can select LP-SS quality as the cell quality.

[0190] In the example, the WTRU can select the LP-SS quality and / or NR-SS quality as the cell quality based on the indication and / or determined priority of each of, for example, multiple SSs (e.g., LP-SS and / or NR-SS). The gNB can configure and / or indicate the priority of each of the multiple SSs via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, and / or DCI indication. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU can determine the priority of each of the multiple SSs based on the RRC status associated with LP-WUS monitoring. For example, when LP-WUS is associated with RRC connectivity status, the WTRU can determine that NR-SS has high priority. When LP-SS is indicated and / or determined to have high priority and / or NR-SS is indicated and / or determined to have low priority, the WTRU can select the measured LP-SS quality (e.g., LP-RSRP) as the cell quality. When NR-SS is indicated and / or determined to have high priority and / or LP-SS is indicated and / or determined to have low priority, the WTRU can select the measured NR-SS quality (e.g., RSRP) as the cell quality.

[0191] In the example, WTRU can select cells for LP-WUS monitoring based on indicated, configured, and / or determined priorities and / or associated quality measurements for each cell type.

[0192] The WTRU can determine the priority of each of a plurality of cell types based on one or more of the following: The WTRU can receive priority indications and / or configuration information for each cell type via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indications, and / or DCI indications. RRC status can be associated with LP-WUS monitoring. For example, when LP-WUS monitoring is associated with RRC connectivity status, the WTRU can determine and / or indicate a higher priority for the second cell type and / or a lower priority for the first cell type. When LP-WUS monitoring is associated with RRC inactivity status and / or RRC idle status, the WTRU can determine and / or indicate a higher priority for the first cell type and a lower priority for the second cell type. FR can be associated with NR-SS and / or LP-SS. For example, when the FR associated with LP-SS is FR1 and the FR associated with NR-SS is FR2-1, the WTRU can determine and / or indicate a higher priority for the first cell type and a lower priority for the second cell type. In another example, when the FRs associated with both LP-SS and NR-SS are the same, the WTRU can determine and / or indicate that the two cell types have equal priorities. The WTRU can determine the priority of each of multiple cell types based on the bandwidth of the LP-SS. For example, when the LP-SS bandwidth is determined to be equal to or higher than a pre-configured bandwidth (e.g., pre-configured via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, and / or DCI indication), the WTRU can determine and / or indicate a high priority for the first cell type and a low priority for the second cell type. When the LP-SS bandwidth is lower than the pre-configured bandwidth, the WTRU can determine and / or indicate a high priority for the second cell type and a low priority for the first cell type. The WTRU can also determine the priority of each cell type based on the SCS of the LP-SS. For example, when the LP-SS SCS is equal to or lower than the pre-configured SCS (e.g., pre-configured via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, and / or DCI indication), the WTRU can determine and / or indicate a high priority for the first cell type and a low priority for the second cell type. When the LP-SS SCS is higher than the pre-configured SCS, the WTRU can determine and / or indicate a high priority for the second cell type and a low priority for the first cell type. The WTRU can also determine the priority of each cell type based on the periodicity of the LP-SS. For example, when the LP-SS periodicity is equal to or higher than a pre-configured periodicity (e.g., pre-configured via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, and / or DCI indication), the WTRU can determine and / or indicate a higher priority for the first cell type and a lower priority for the second cell type. When the LP-SS periodicity is higher than a pre-configured periodicity, the WTRU can determine and / or indicate a higher priority for the second cell type and a lower priority for the first cell type.

[0193] WTRU can select cells for LP-WUS monitoring based on priority for each cell type and / or quality measurements associated with each cell, based on one or more of the following examples.

[0194] In the example, when the quality of at least one high-priority cell is higher than a pre-configured threshold (e.g., pre-configured via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, and / or DCI indication), the WTRU can select the highest-priority cell (e.g., the cell ID with the highest cell quality among the high-priority cells).

[0195] In the example, the WTRU can be configured to modify the cell quality of high-priority cells by, for example, adding pre-configured cell quality (e.g., pre-configured RSRP) to the determined cell quality of one or more cells (e.g., based on NR-SS and / or LP-SS measurements). The WTRU can select cell IDs with sufficient cell quality for LP-WUS monitoring based on the cell quality of each cell (e.g., selecting cells with the best determined cell quality). The WTRU can take into account the modified cell quality of higher-priority cells and / or the determined and / or measured (e.g., unmodified) cell quality of lower-priority cells.

[0196] Cell and resource selection for LP-WUS monitoring can be performed by a second-type WTRU. A second-type WTRU (e.g., a WTRU capable only of receiving LP-SS using its LP-WUR) can measure the LP-SS associated with a cell ID of the first cell type and determine the quality (e.g., LP-RSRP) of each cell. The WTRU can select cells based on the measured cell quality (e.g., selecting the cell with the highest LP-RSRP among the associated cell IDs), and / or can determine the LP-WUS resources associated with the selected cells for LP-WUS monitoring via its LP-WUR.

[0197] The WTRU can monitor LP-WUS via LP-WUR using the determined LP-WUS monitoring resources of the determined and / or selected cell ID. Based on indications received via LP-WUS and / or configuration information from the gNB (e.g., via DCI indications, and / or MAC-CE indications, and / or RRC signaling), the WTRU can perform one or more of the following actions.

[0198] For example, the WTRU can wake up the main radio (MR) to monitor, detect, and / or receive one or more signals, channels, indications, and / or configurations. The WTRU can wake up the MR to receive additional SSs (e.g., NR SS block, NR PSS, NR SS, NRPBCH). In this example, the WTRU can wake up the MR and / or can receive one or more DL signals (e.g., PDCCH and / or PDSCH). The WTRU can wake up the MR and / or can receive one or more paging-related signals (e.g., paging PDCCH / DCI and / or paging early indication (PEI)).

[0199] WTRU can suppress wake-up MR (e.g., for a duration configured via LP-WUS indication and / or via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication and / or DCI indication).

[0200] The WTRU may skip monitoring one or more indicated and / or configured (e.g., via LP-WUS indication and / or via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication and / or DCI indication) future LP-WUS monitoring opportunities, and / or the WTRU may skip monitoring LP-WUS for the duration indicated and / or configured (e.g., via LP-WUS indication and / or via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication and / or DCI indication).

[0201] The WTRU can wake up the MR and / or can execute one or more initial access procedures (e.g., NR initial access procedure).

[0202] Cell and resource selection for LP-WUS monitoring can be performed across one or more of multiple cell groups.

[0203] The WTRU can receive cell-related configuration information (e.g., for LP-WUS monitoring and / or related RRM measurements). For example, one or more quality thresholds and / or configuration information from multiple cells and / or cell groups can be used for cell-related configuration information.

[0204] For example, a quality threshold can be used in one or more cell selection processes (e.g., to determine and / or identify whether the measured cell quality meets or fails to meet requirements). For example, when the measured cell quality is below the quality threshold for a particular cell, the WTRU may not select that cell (e.g., for receiving LP-WUS).

[0205] The WTRU can receive configurations for one or more cells from multiple cells and / or cell groups. In one example, the WTRU can receive configurations (e.g., configuration information) for the group IDs of each cell in multiple cells and / or one or more cell groups (e.g., a first cell group ID and / or a second cell group ID). Based on the configuration of the group IDs, the WTRU can determine and / or identify cell groups for each cell in the multiple cells. In another example, the WTRU can implicitly identify cell groups based on cell types (e.g., cell types configured semi-statically for each cell in the multiple cells). For example, when a cell is configured as a first cell type, the WTRU can identify a first cell group for that cell. When a cell is configured as a second cell type, the WTRU can identify a second cell group for that cell.

[0206] Each group of cells and / or cell type can have different gNB capabilities. For example, the first group of cells can transmit only New Radio Synchronization Signal (NR-SS), while the second group of cells can transmit NR-SS and / or LP-SS.

[0207] In the example, WTRU can indicate the WTRU type (e.g., for gNB). This indication can be based on one or more of WTRU capability signaling and / or RRC configuration information. For example, a first WTRU type can indicate that the WTRU is capable of monitoring and / or measuring either or both of NR-SS and / or LP-SS (e.g., based on an OFDMA-based receiver), and a second WTRU type can indicate that the WTRU is capable of monitoring and / or measuring only LP-SS (e.g., based on an OOK / FSK-based receiver).

[0208] In the example, WTRU can determine a set of cells to prioritize WTRU measurements based on WTRU type.

[0209] In an example where the WTRU is of the first WTRU type (e.g., capable of monitoring NR-SS and / or LP-SS), the WTRU can determine measurements of one or more cells in the first group of cells (e.g., NR-SS measurements associated with cells in the first group). Based on these measurements, the WTRU can determine a first-type quality value (e.g., one or more of RSRP, SS-RSRP, and / or CSI-RSRP) for one or more cells by measuring the RE carrying the first group of RS (e.g., NR-SS). For example, when the quality of at least one cell in the first group of cells is above a quality threshold, the WTRU can select the LP-WUS resource associated with the cells in the first group based on the determined quality (e.g., selecting the cell in the first group of cells with the indicated best quality).

[0210] When no cell in the first group of cells meets the quality threshold (e.g., all cells in the first group fail to meet or exceed the quality threshold), the WTRU can determine measurements of a second set of RSs (e.g., NR-SS and / or LP-SS) associated with one or more cells in the second group of cells. Based on these measurements, the WTRU can determine a second type of quality (e.g., combined RSRP) for one or more cells. For example, the WTRU can determine measurements of REs for the second set of RSs (e.g., REs carrying NR-SS and / or REs carrying LP-SS), and can determine a second type of quality (e.g., combined quality / RSRP of NR-SSRE and / or LP-SS RE) based on these measurements.

[0211] In the example, the WTRU can select LP-WUS resources associated with cells in the second group of cells based on the determined quality. For example, the WTRU can select the cell in the second group of cells with the best (e.g., highest) determined quality.

[0212] In an example where the WTRU is a Type II WTRU (e.g., capable of measuring only LP-SS using its LP-WUR), the WTRU can measure a third group RS (e.g., LP-SS) associated with the second group of cells, and / or can determine the third type of quality (e.g., LP-RSRP) of one or more cells (e.g., by determining measurements of the OFDM symbols carrying the third group RS (e.g., LP-SS)). The WTRU can indicate the LP-WUS resources associated with cells in the second group of cells based on the determined quality. For example, the WTRU can select the cell in the second group with the best determined LP-RSRP.

[0213] In the example, the WTRU can monitor the LP-WUS of the LP-WUS resource associated with the identified cell (e.g., based on cell type and / or WTRU type). When the WTRU receives the LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resource, the WTRU can apply one or more of the procedures described herein after receiving the LP-WUS.

Claims

1. A wireless transceiver unit (WTRU), comprising: The processor is configured as follows: The configuration information of the first cell and the second cell is received. The configuration information of the first cell includes the cell identifier (ID) of the first cell and an indication that the first cell is a first cell type that transmits both New Radio Synchronization Signal (NR-SS) and Low Power Synchronization Signal (LP-SS). The configuration information of the second cell includes the cell ID of the second cell and an indication that the second cell is a second cell type that transmits NR-SS. The WTRU is capable of monitoring both NR-SS and LP-SS. Determine the measurements of one or more LP-SSs and one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, and the measurements of one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell; The quality of the first cell is determined based on measurements of one or more LP-SSs and one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, and the quality of the second cell is determined based on measurements of one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell; and Based on a comparison of the quality of the first cell and the quality of the second cell, a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) resource associated with the first cell or the second cell is selected.

2. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein, The configuration information includes the first coefficient, the second coefficient, and the quality difference.

3. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein, The quality of the first cell is selected as the highest value between one or more NR-SS measurements associated with the first cell and one or more LP-SS measurements associated with the first cell.

4. The WTRU according to claim 2, wherein, The quality of the first community is further based on the first coefficient and the second coefficient.

5. The WTRU according to claim 4, wherein, The processor is configured to select between LP-WUS resources associated with a first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with a second cell based on one or more parameters, wherein the parameters include the quality of the first cell, the quality of the second cell, a first coefficient applied to the measurement of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, a second coefficient applied to the measurement of one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell, or the wake-up capability of each of the first and second cells.

6. The WTRU according to claim 4, wherein, The quality of the first cell is based on the measurement of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell multiplied by a first coefficient, plus the measurement of one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell multiplied by a second coefficient.

7. The WTRU according to claim 2, wherein, The quality of the second cell is based on measurements and quality differences from one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell, which includes the reference signal received power (RSRP) of one or more NR-SSs plus ΔRSRP.

8. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein, The processor is configured to monitor LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resources of the first or second cell, and when the processor receives LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resources, to monitor the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission associated with paging.

9. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein, When the quality of the first cell is lower than that of the second cell, the processor is configured to select LP-WUS resources associated with the first cell based on the determination that the first cell includes wake-up capabilities that are unavailable from the second cell.

10. The WTRU according to claim 1, wherein, The processor is configured to select between LP-WUS resources associated with the first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with the second cell based on a priority assigned to at least one of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell, or one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell.

11. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: The configuration information of the first cell and the second cell is received. The configuration information of the first cell includes the cell identifier (ID) of the first cell and an indication that the first cell is a first cell type that transmits both New Radio Synchronization Signal (NR-SS) and Low Power Synchronization Signal (LP-SS). The configuration information of the second cell includes the cell ID of the second cell and an indication that the second cell is a second cell type that transmits NR-SS. The WTRU is capable of monitoring both NR-SS and LP-SS. Determine the measurements of one or more LP-SSs and one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, and the measurements of one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell; The quality of the first cell is determined based on measurements of one or more LP-SSs and one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, and the quality of the second cell is determined based on measurements of one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell; and Based on a comparison of the quality of the first cell and the quality of the second cell, a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) resource associated with the first cell or the second cell is selected.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The configuration information includes the first coefficient, the second coefficient, and the quality difference.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The quality of the first cell is selected as the highest value between one or more NR-SS measurements associated with the first cell and one or more LP-SS measurements associated with the first cell.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The quality of the first community is further based on the first coefficient and the second coefficient.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising selecting between LP-WUS resources associated with a first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with a second cell based on one or more parameters, wherein the parameters include the quality of the first cell, the quality of the second cell, a first coefficient applied to measurements of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, a second coefficient applied to measurements of one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell, or the wake-up capability of each of the first cell and the second cell.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein, The quality of the first cell is based on the measurement of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell multiplied by a first coefficient, plus the measurement of one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell multiplied by a second coefficient.

17. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The quality of the second cell is based on measurements and quality differences from one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell, which includes the reference signal received power (RSRP) of one or more NR-SSs plus ΔRSRP.

18. The method of claim 11, further comprising monitoring LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resources of the first cell or the second cell, and monitoring physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission associated with paging when the processor receives LP-WUS in the selected LP-WUS resources.

19. The method according to claim 11, wherein, When the quality of the first cell is lower than that of the second cell, the LP-WUS resources associated with the first cell are selected based on the determination that the first cell includes wake-up capabilities that are unavailable from the second cell.

20. The method of claim 11, further comprising selecting between LP-WUS resources associated with the first cell and LP-WUS resources associated with the second cell based on a priority assigned to at least one of one or more NR-SSs associated with the first cell, one or more NR-SSs associated with the second cell, or one or more LP-SSs associated with the first cell.

Images