Lanzhou lily high-quality seedball scale cuttage breeding method adaptive to high-altitude environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a Lanzhou lily high-quality seedball scale cuttage breeding method adaptive to a high-altitude environment, belongs to the technical field of lily breeding, and solves the problems that an existing lily scale cuttage technology does not aim at the variety specificity of sweet lilies of Lanzhou lily, the temperature difference in the high-altitude environment is large, and the survival rate is high. In order to solve the problems of low scale survival rate, poor bulblet development and low high-quality seedball rate in the prior art, the method comprises the steps of seedball screening, substrate preparation, scale treatment, cuttage operation, environment regulation and control, growth management and transplanting and field planting. According to the method, the formula of the special medium for the Lanzhou lily is optimized, the altitude gradient temperature fine adjustment rule and the staged illumination regulation and control parameters are designed, and the quantitative transplanting opportunity and the seedball quality index are clarified. The method effectively solves the industrial pain points of Lanzhou lily provenance degeneration and insufficient supply of high-quality seedballs, adapts to large-scale breeding base construction, meets the green and standardized planting requirements, provides provenance guarantee for high-quality development of the Lanzhou lily industry, and has remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lily breeding technology, specifically involving a method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments. It is particularly suitable for core production areas in Lanzhou City, such as Qilihe District, Yuzhong County, and Xigu District, which are at altitudes of 1800-2400 meters and are characterized by cool and humid conditions and large diurnal temperature differences. This method enables the standardized and large-scale propagation of high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs. Background Technology

[0002] Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is a variant of Sichuan lily and the only edible sweet lily in China. It has been recognized as a National Geographical Indication Product and a Sino-European Geographical Indication Protected Product, possessing extremely high economic and nutritional value. Its growth requires a demanding ecological environment, thriving only in cool, humid areas at altitudes of 1800-2400 meters and soil pH 6.0-8.6. The core production areas are concentrated in Qilihe District, Yuzhong County, and Xigu District of Lanzhou City.

[0003] The Lanzhou lily industry is currently facing core bottlenecks such as seed source degradation and insufficient supply of high-quality bulbs. The traditional breeding model of "every family keeping mother seeds" has led to mixed seed sources and degraded traits. The existing lily scale cutting technology is a general type, which is only suitable for varieties such as Oriental lilies and Asiatic lilies. It has not been customized and optimized for the specific characteristics of Lanzhou lilies, such as sweet lilies, and the low temperature / drought / large diurnal temperature range in high-altitude environments. As a result, there are problems such as low scale survival rate, poor development of small bulbs, and low rate of high-quality bulbs, which cannot meet the needs of large-scale breeding.

[0004] The "Lanzhou Lily Industry High-Quality Development Plan (2024-2030)" clearly proposes the key task of "establishing a superior breeding system and carrying out large-scale superior seed breeding," requiring the development of bulb breeding technology adapted to the high-altitude ecological environment of Lanzhou to solve the problem of high-quality seed supply and support the high-quality development of the entire industry chain. Therefore, developing a scale cutting propagation method that is specific to Lanzhou lily varieties and adapted to the high-altitude environment of 1800-2400 meters has become the key to promoting the transformation and upgrading of the Lanzhou lily industry.

[0005] In existing technologies, the general lily scale cutting technique does not address core technical aspects such as variety adaptation for Lanzhou lily, high-altitude gradient temperature and humidity control, and green pest and disease control. This invention, through full-process technical optimization, solves the problems of existing lily scale cutting techniques not being customized for the specific characteristics of the sweet lily variety of Lanzhou lily, the low temperature / drought / large diurnal temperature range in high-altitude environments, resulting in low scale survival rate, poor development of small bulbs, and low rate of high-quality bulbs, which cannot meet the needs of large-scale propagation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing general lily scale cutting technology and provide a method for the propagation of high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs using scale cuttings that is suitable for high-altitude environments of 1800-2400 meters. Through customized optimization of key links such as bulb selection, substrate formulation, scale treatment, and environmental control, this invention achieves high survival rate, high quality, and large-scale propagation of Lanzhou lily bulbs, solves the industry pain points of seed source degradation and insufficient supply of high-quality bulbs, and meets the requirements for the construction of a superior propagation system in the "Lanzhou Lily Industry High-Quality Development Plan (2024-2030)".

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is: a method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments, comprising the following steps: As a further improvement of the present invention The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: High adaptability: It is precisely adapted to the cool and humid ecological environment of Lanzhou at an altitude of 1800-2400 meters with large temperature difference between day and night. Through technologies such as temperature fine-tuning at altitude gradient, addition of water-retaining agent, and green pest control, it solves the adaptability problem of general technology in Lanzhou lily breeding. The scale survival rate is ≥90%, which is 15-20% higher than that of general technology.

[0008] High-quality bulbs: Through a full-process technology including stem tip detoxification, compound disinfection, and precise control, the cultivated bulbs are plump and free from pests and diseases, with a single bulb rate of ≥85%, and meet the nutritional indicators of vitamin B2 ≥4.0mg / kg and sucrose ≥6.0%, effectively alleviating the problem of Lanzhou lily germplasm degradation and meeting the standards for high-quality bulbs.

[0009] Large-scale operability: The technical solution has clearly defined and quantified parameters for each step, is compatible with mechanized cutting equipment, and can be directly applied to the construction of large-scale bulb breeding bases in the core production area of ​​Lanzhou lily, meeting the requirements for the construction of a good breeding system in the "Lanzhou Lily Industry High-Quality Development Plan (2024-2030)".

[0010] Ecological and green: The use of "chemical + physical" substrate disinfection, biological bactericides to control pests and diseases, and well-rotted organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizers meets the requirements of green and standardized planting, reduces the impact on the high-altitude ecological environment, and is in line with the green development concept of Lanzhou lily industry.

[0011] Significant economic benefits: This invention can reduce the cost of breeding high-quality bulbs by more than 30%, provide a stable source of high-quality seeds for the Lanzhou lily industry, support the industry's development goal of 20 billion yuan in annual output value, increase the per capita disposable income of growers, and promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The following examples, taken at different altitudes in the core production area of ​​Lanzhou lily, further illustrate the present invention in detail. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and all equivalent transformations based on the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] Example 1 The propagation of the Lanzhou lily variety "Bingqing" at an altitude of 2200 meters in Yuzhong County will be used as an example for illustration.

[0014] Bulb selection: "Bingqing" bulbs (95% single head rate, 85% marketable rate) from Lanzhou lily planting base in Heping Town, Yuzhong County were selected. After stem tip detoxification pretreatment, healthy bulbs free from diseases and pests were selected, and the middle layer of thick scales were peeled off while the basal growth point was retained. Substrate preparation: Perlite: Vermiculite: Humus = 1:1:2 formula, add 0.8% water-retaining agent, thoroughly disinfect by watering with 800 times diluted 50% carbendazim solution, dry for 2 days until the moisture content is 60%, and cool to room temperature; Scale treatment: Peel off the old skin of the seed bulb, break off the whole scales and remove the damaged scales, soak them in a 0.2% potassium permanganate + 200mg / L Bacillus subtilis compound solution for 20 minutes, and air dry for 4 hours; Cuttings: Cuttings were taken on April 5, 2024 (temperature 18-22℃). Using mechanized equipment, the cuttings were inserted at a 35° angle to a depth of 1 / 2, with a scale spacing of 4cm, and covered with 0.1mm polyethylene film. Environmental control: The temperature of the substrate in the seedling shed is maintained at 26-28℃. Ventilation is carried out for 1.5 hours every day at 10 am, and the substrate humidity is 60%. For the first 20 days, 6000 lux of diffused light is provided, and after 20 days, the light is gradually transitioned to 20000 lux of full sun. Growth management: Inspect the scales every 8 days and remove any moldy scales; after the new shoots emerge on May 10, spray with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer (120ml / m²) every 10 days, and gradually remove the film after spraying 3 times; Transplanting and planting: On June 15, the new bulbs with a diameter of 1.5cm and a height of 6cm were transplanted to sandy loam soil (pH 7.2) in Yuanzicha Township, Yuzhong County. After deep plowing, 4kg / m² of well-rotted sheep manure organic fertilizer was applied. The planting depth was 4cm and the plant spacing was 18cm. The plants were shaded for 4 days and the soil was kept moist.

[0015] Example 2 The propagation of the Lanzhou lily variety "Yujie" at an altitude of 1900 meters in Qilihe District will be used as an example for illustration.

[0016] Bulb selection: Select "Yujie" bulbs from Xiguoyuan Town, Qilihe District (resistant to gray mold / blight, double-head rate 93%). After the stem tip is detoxified, peel off the middle and outer scales (relax the thickness requirement) and retain the basal growth point; Matrix preparation: A peat moss:river sand ratio of 3:1 was used, with 0.5% water-retaining agent added. The mixture was then disinfected by sun exposure for 4 days and sprayed with water until the moisture content reached 60%. Scale treatment: Same as in Example 1, with Bacillus subtilis added to the compound solution at a concentration of 100 mg / L; Cuttings: Cuttings were taken on March 20, 2024 (temperature 15-19℃). Using mechanized equipment, the cuttings were inserted at a 30° angle to a depth of 1 / 3, with a scale spacing of 3cm, and covered with 0.08mm polyethylene film. Environmental control: substrate temperature 25-27℃, ventilation for 1 hour at 2 pm every day, substrate humidity 60%; 5000 lux diffused light for the first 18 days, then transition to 18000 lux full sun after 18 days; Growth management: Inspect the scales every 7 days, and spray foliar fertilizer (100ml / m²) after new shoots emerge, spraying 3 times; Transplanting and planting: On June 5th, the newly grown bulbs with a diameter of 1.2cm and a new shoot height of 5cm were transplanted to sandy loam soil (pH 6.8) in Weiling Township, Qilihe District. 3.5kg / m² of composted organic fertilizer was applied, and the planting depth was 3cm with a plant spacing of 15cm. The plants were shaded for 3 days.

[0017] Example 3 The breeding of the Lanzhou lily variety "Lanbai No. 1" at an altitude of 2,400 meters in Xigu District will be used as an example for illustration.

[0018] Bulb selection: Select "Lanbai No. 1" bulbs from Jingou Township, Xigu District. After the stem tips are detoxified, the thick outer and middle scales are peeled off, while the basal growth point is retained. Substrate preparation: Perlite:vermiculite:humus = 1:1:2 formula was used, with 1% water-retaining agent added, and the substrate was disinfected with 50% carbendazim solution at 800 times dilution and then cooled. Scale treatment: Soak in a compound solution containing 200 mg / L Bacillus subtilis for 20 minutes, then air dry for later use; Cuttings: Cuttings were taken on April 10, 2024 (temperature 16-20℃), using mechanized equipment at a 40° angle, inserted to a depth of 1 / 2, with a scale spacing of 5cm, and covered with 0.12mm polyethylene film; Environmental control: substrate temperature 27-30℃ (at an altitude of 2400m, 3℃ higher than the lower limit at 1800m), ventilation for 2 hours daily; 8000 lux diffused light for the first 20 days, then transition to 25000 lux full sun; Growth management: Inspect the scales every 10 days. After the new shoots emerge from the soil, spray with foliar fertilizer (150ml / m²). Remove the film after spraying 3 times. Transplanting and planting: On June 20, the new bulbs with a diameter of 1.8cm and a height of 7cm were transplanted to sandy loam soil (pH 7.5) in Jingou Township, Xigu District. 5kg / m² of sheep manure organic fertilizer was applied, and the planting depth was 5cm with a plant spacing of 20cm. The plants were shaded for 5 days.

[0019] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Experiment (This invention compares with conventional lily cultivation techniques) In Lanzhou, control groups (using the general lily scale cutting technique) and experimental groups (using the method of this invention) were set up at three altitude gradients of 1800m, 2200m, and 2400m. Each group was treated with 100 scales, with 3 replicates. Four core indicators were measured: scale survival rate, small bulb formation rate, high-quality bulb rate, and single-head rate. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0020] As shown in Table 1, the test results of the present invention demonstrate that the core indicators of the method of the present invention are significantly better than those of general technologies at different altitude gradients. Moreover, the higher the altitude, the more obvious the technical advantages become, which fully proves the adaptability of the present invention to the high-altitude environment of Lanzhou and its technological innovation.

Claims

1. A method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Bulb Selection Select healthy, disease-free, and plump Lanzhou lily bulbs, prioritizing those with thick outer and middle scales and retaining the basal growth point; Step 2: Matrix Preparation The substrate is prepared using a formula of perlite:vermiculite:humus = 1:1:2 or peat moss:river sand = 3:

1. The substrate is disinfected by thoroughly watering with 50% carbendazim solution at 800 times dilution or by exposing it to sunlight for 3-5 days and then cooling it to room temperature. Step 3: Scale Treatment Remove the outer old skin of the bulb and break off the complete scales. After removing the damaged and moldy scales, soak it in a compound solution of 0.2% potassium permanganate + 200mg / LIBA for 20 minutes, then take it out and air dry it in the shade. Step 4: Cuttings Propagation In spring, from March to April, when the ambient temperature is 15-25℃, insert the scales into the substrate at a 30°-45° angle with the base facing down. The insertion depth should be 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the scale length, with a scale spacing of 3-5cm. After insertion, gently press the substrate and cover with a polyethylene film to keep it moist. Step 5: Environmental Control After cutting, maintain a substrate temperature of 25-30℃ and a substrate humidity of 60%, and ventilate for 1-2 hours daily; initially use 5000-8000 lux of diffused light, and gradually transition to 15000-25000 lux of full sun after rooting; Step Six: Growth Management During the bulb formation period, inspect and remove diseased or damaged scales every 7-10 days. After the new shoots emerge from the soil, spray with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer every 10 days. Gradually remove the film and increase ventilation. Step 7: Transplanting and Planting When the new bulbs are 1-2cm in diameter and the new shoots are 5-8cm tall, transplant them into sandy loam soil with a pH of 6.0-8.

6. Apply 3-5kg / m² of well-rotted organic fertilizer to the sandy loam soil. Plant at a depth of 3-5cm and a spacing of 15-20cm between plants. Shade the plants for 3-5 days after transplanting and keep the soil moist.

2. The method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the Lanzhou lily bulbs are of the "Bingqing", "Yujie" or "Lanbai No. 1" varieties; among them, the "Bingqing" variety is preferred for its middle layer scales.

3. The method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, 0.5-1% water-retaining agent is added to the matrix. The water-retaining agent is suitable for high-altitude arid environments.

4. The method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, 100-200 mg / L of Bacillus subtilis bio-fungicide is added to the compound solution. The fungicide is used to enhance the resistance of Lanzhou lily to gray mold and blight. Before the scale treatment, the Lanzhou lily bulbs undergo a pretreatment step of stem tip detoxification.

5. The method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step four, the thickness of the polyethylene film is 0.08-0.12mm; the cutting operation uses mechanized cutting equipment, the cutting depth of the equipment is adjustable from 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the scale length, and the scale spacing positioning accuracy is ±0.5cm.

6. The method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, environmental control is used to fine-tune the temperature according to the altitude gradient. For every 200m increase in altitude, the lower limit of the substrate temperature is increased by 1℃. When the substrate temperature is below 20℃, heating wires or insulation sheds are used for insulation. When it is above 30℃, shade nets or ventilation equipment are used for cooling.

7. The method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step six, the application rate of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is 100-150 ml per square meter, which is evenly sprayed onto the surface of new shoots. When the substrate humidity is >65% for 3 consecutive days, the mold risk warning measures of enhanced ventilation are activated.

8. The method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs by scale cuttings adapted to high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step seven, the sandy loam soil is deeply cultivated before transplanting, and the decomposed organic fertilizer is decomposed for more than 6 months in advance; during the seedling establishment period after transplanting, shade nets are used for shading, and the shading light intensity is controlled at 3000-5000 lux.

9. A method for propagating high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs adapted to high-altitude environments by scale cuttings according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The cultivated high-quality Lanzhou lily bulbs meet the following requirements: vitamin B2 content ≥4.0mg / kg, sucrose content ≥6.0%, and single bulb rate ≥85%.

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