Method for planting carya illinoensis under forest and morchella esculenta

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting carya illinoensis under forest and morchella esculenta, and belongs to the technical field of mushroom planting. The method specifically comprises the steps of forest land selection, deadwood and weed removal, ploughing and soil preparation treatment, greenhouse building, soil improvement, soil disinfection, ditching and ridging, morchella esculenta sowing, watering, temperature and humidity management, nutrition management, management after fruiting and harvesting. According to the method for planting the carya illinoensis under the forest and the morchella esculenta, efficient utilization of the land under the forest is achieved, cost input is reduced, planting benefits are increased, planting of the morchella esculenta under the forest in China is promoted, and a new thought is provided for development of characteristic economy under the forest and production of edible mushrooms in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of morel cultivation technology, and more particularly to a method for cultivating morel mushrooms under thin-shelled pecan forests. Background Technology

[0002] Pecan (Camellia oleifera) is a tall tree belonging to the genus Camellia in the family Juglandaceae. It is highly valued for its delicious nuts, rich nutritional content, high oil yield, excellent oil quality, and superior timber. Currently, the economic value of this species is recognized by more than 20 countries, and its planting area has been increasing year by year. Pecan is highly adaptable and can be cultivated in many regions, including Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Shaanxi, and even Xinjiang. However, pecans have a long juvenile stage and require large planting spacing (8-14 trees / acre), making efficient use of understory land a crucial issue that urgently needs to be addressed.

[0003] Morel mushrooms (Morchella spp.) are named for their honeycomb-like shape, resembling a sheep's stomach. They are not only uniquely fragrant and nutritious, but also rich in various vitamins and amino acids. They hold significant medicinal value, possessing brain-boosting, invigorating, kidney-tonifying, and aphrodisiac effects. They are primarily used to treat kidney deficiency, impotence, and low libido, and have beneficial effects on dizziness, insomnia, gastrointestinal inflammation, spleen and stomach weakness, indigestion, and poor appetite. Furthermore, they are believed to have anti-cancer properties, prevent colds, and enhance the body's immunity. They are a precious and rare delicacy, valued both as food and medicine worldwide.

[0004] Morel mushrooms are low-temperature fungi with a growth period exceeding 100 days. After the leaves of thin-shelled pecans fall in winter, the understory of the forest provides sufficient sunlight, and other crops struggle to grow at this time. Intercropping morel mushrooms is an effective way to improve the utilization rate of understory land. However, achieving stable yields of morel mushrooms remains a global challenge, especially in areas such as selecting suitable understory sites, land preparation, and planting management, which still pose significant technical difficulties for most growers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention discloses a method for cultivating morel mushrooms under thin-shelled pecan forests, aiming to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, such as forest land selection, land preparation, soil disinfection, spawn sowing, and mushroom management in the artificial cultivation of morel mushrooms.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for cultivating morel mushrooms under thin-shelled pecan forests, the steps of which are as follows: (1) Selection of thin-shelled pecan planting area: The pecan orchard should be selected with trees that are less than 13 years old, the land should be relatively flat, the slope should be less than 30°, the soil should be sandy loam, the pH range should be 5-8, and the land should be sunny and well-ventilated. (2) Land preparation and ridge making: The selected forest land is plowed and prepared, dead branches, weeds and gravel are removed, drainage ditches are dug around the perimeter, and the land inside the greenhouse is leveled and planned. Generally, the ridges are 1-1.2m wide and the passageways are 30cm wide and 30cm lower than the ridge surface. (3) Greenhouse construction: Shade sheds are constructed according to the actual spacing of the thin-shelled pecan forest. The light transmittance of the shade net should be around 75%. Automatic edge rolling devices are installed on both sides of the greenhouse. Remote control sprayers are installed inside the greenhouse according to the number of ridges. Air temperature and humidity monitors and soil temperature monitors are installed inside the greenhouse. (4) Soil improvement: Filter the garden soil using a filter screen to make it into fine loam, then expose it to the sun for 3-5 days, and mix in quicklime and zinc sulfate granules for disinfection. Cover the raised beds in the greenhouse and level it. The thickness should be 5-8cm. If the soil is infertile, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be added. The quicklime should be 200g / m³. 2 The zinc sulfate mentioned is 8 g / m³. 2 The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer mentioned is 15:15:15, 20 g / m³. 2 ; (5) Sowing: Generally from early October to early November, the inoculum, fine soil, soybean meal (10%), corn flour (30%), wheat bran (30%), KH2PO4 (0.25%), MgSO4 (0.15%) and carbendazim (0.1%) are mixed with mineral water to form large granules. After that, they are sown on the seedbed and covered with black film with holes to maintain air permeability. If the weather is dry, watering should be done with a sprayer. The greenhouse should be closed until white powdery spores are formed on the soil surface. (6) Mushroom management: When the mycelium covers the ground, uncover the black film and place nutrient bags at intervals of 35×35cm. The temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled between 18-20℃, the soil temperature should be below 22℃, and the relative humidity of the air should be 85-90%. Open the greenhouse for ventilation every morning and evening to keep the air fresh. The nutrient bag composition is 25% sweet potato residue + 20% wheat bran + 15% corn flour + 10% soybean meal + 28% wood chips + 2% lime. (7) Post-harvest management: The fruiting bodies mature 10-20 days after formation. When the color gradually changes from grayish-yellow or brown to black and the honeycomb pattern becomes prominent, they should be harvested in time. After harvesting, spread them flat in a clean basket, dry them in the sun, and store them in a cool and dry place. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of land preparation for a method of cultivating morel mushrooms under thin-shelled pecan forests, as proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0009] A method for cultivating poplar forests specifically for morel mushrooms, the steps of which are as follows: Taking the thin-shelled pecan forest improved variety base in Liuhe District, Nanjing City as an example, grafted seedlings with an age of 8 years were selected, with a planting spacing of 8m×10m, and the soil was relatively fertile with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5.

[0010] Level the land, remove dead branches, leaves, and stones, filter the topsoil through a sieve to select fine loam, expose it to the sun for 3-5 days, and mix in quicklime (approximately 200g / m²). 2 ) and zinc sulfate granules (approximately 8g / m 2 After that, lay it flat on the cultivation ground, and dig a channel every 1m, with the channel width being 30cm.

[0011] The greenhouse is 6.5m wide and 20m long, with a galvanized steel frame and covered with a shading net with a light transmittance of 75%. Roller shutters are installed on both sides of the greenhouse, and remote electric control is recommended. Each row of sprayers is installed inside the greenhouse, along with 2-3 temperature and humidity monitoring instruments and soil temperature monitoring instruments for convenient remote monitoring.

[0012] Before sowing morel mushrooms, apply 15-30 grams of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) per square meter and spray with water once.

[0013] In Nanjing, morel mushroom sowing begins in early October. The mixture of spawn, fine loam, soybean meal (10%), corn flour (30%), wheat bran (30%), KH2PO4 (0.25%), MgSO4 (0.15%), and carbendazim (0.1%) is stirred with mineral water until it forms large granules. These granules are then sown on raised beds, covered with a 1-2 cm layer of fine loam, and finally covered with a black plastic film with holes for ventilation. If the weather is dry, watering with a spray bottle is necessary. The greenhouse should be sealed until white powdery spores form on the soil surface.

[0014] Morel mushrooms are typically sown 10-15 days after the mycelium has covered the ground, at which point nutrient bags can be placed. The number of nutrient bags should be 1500-2000 bags. Before placing the nutrient bags, first cut open the bag with a blade, and then press the opening tightly against the ground surface covered with morel mycelium.

[0015] When the temperature drops below 2°C in winter, the film should be re-covered and the greenhouse closed. If the soil or air humidity decreases, the sprayer should be turned on to replenish moisture.

[0016] When the low temperature reaches above 5℃ and the temperature stabilizes at around 15℃, the greenhouse doors need to be opened for air circulation. When the temperature reaches 20℃, the sides of the greenhouse should be rolled up for ventilation, or the temperature should be lowered by spraying mist.

[0017] Morel mushrooms mature in about 10-20 days after emerging from the ground. They should be harvested promptly when the cap gradually turns black. After harvesting, morel mushrooms should be dried in a timely manner.

[0018] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating morel mushrooms under thin-shelled pecan forests, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Selection of thin-shelled pecan planting areas; land preparation and ridge making; greenhouse construction; soil improvement; sowing; mushroom management; post-harvest management.

2. The selection of thin-shelled pecan planting areas according to claim 1, characterized in that... Choose a relatively flat, clearing under the trees of thin-shelled pecan trees that are less than 13 years old. The slope should generally be less than 30°, with sandy loam soil, a pH range of 5-8, and the location should be sunny, well-ventilated, and free from pollution.

3. The land preparation and ridge making according to claim 1, characterized in that... The selected woodland is tilled and prepared, and dead branches, weeds and gravel are removed. Drainage ditches are dug around the perimeter, and the land inside the greenhouse is leveled and planned. Generally, the width of the raised beds is 1-1.2m, the width of the passageway is 30cm, and the passageway is 30cm lower than the raised bed surface.

4. The greenhouse construction according to claim 1, characterized in that... Shade canopies should be built according to the actual spacing of the pecan forest. The light transmittance of the shade net should be around 75%. Automatic edge rolling devices should be installed on both sides of the canopy. Remote-controlled sprayers should be installed inside the canopy according to the number of ridges. Air temperature and humidity monitors and soil temperature monitors should also be installed inside the canopy.

5. The soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that... Use a filter screen to filter the garden soil into fine loam, then expose it to the sun for 3-5 days and mix in quicklime for disinfection. After that, cover the raised beds in the greenhouse and level it. The thickness should be 5-8cm.

6. The sowing according to claim 1, characterized in that... Mix the inoculum, fine loam soil, soybean meal (10%), corn flour (30%), wheat bran (30%), KH2PO4 (0.25%), MgSO4 (0.15%), and carbendazim (0.1%) with mineral water until it forms large granules. Spread the mixture on the raised bed, water it thoroughly once, and seal the greenhouse until white powdery spores form on the soil surface.

7. The mushroom cultivation management according to claim 1, characterized in that... Maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse between 18-20℃, the soil temperature below 22℃, and the relative humidity of the air at 85-90%. Open the greenhouse for ventilation every morning and evening to keep the air fresh.

8. The post-harvest management according to claim 1, characterized in that... The fruiting bodies mature 7-10 days after formation. When the honeycomb-like ascocarps of the morel mushroom have unfolded and the top of the mushroom begins to turn yellow, pick them promptly. After picking, spread them out in a clean basket, dry them in the sun, and then store them in a cool, dry place.

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