Fluidized bed resource utilization device and method for multi-source resin waste

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-source resin waste fluidized bed resource utilization device and method. The device comprises a raw material supply system, a fluidized bed gasification furnace, a gas-solid separation system, a metal collection system and a synthesis gas collection and treatment system which are connected in sequence, wherein the raw material supply system is used for storing and conveying crushed multi-source resin waste; the fluidized bed gasification furnace is used for carrying out gasification reaction on the multi-source resin waste under the fluidized bed condition; the gas-solid separation system is used for separating nonmetal components in the synthesis gas; the metal collecting system is used for collecting metal components discharged from the bottom of the gasification furnace; the synthesis gas collection and treatment system is used for collecting and treating synthesis gas generated by gasification; according to the invention, gasification reaction and efficient separation and enrichment of metal and non-metal components of the multi-source resin waste in a single reactor are synchronously completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically to a multi-source resin waste fluidized bed resource utilization device. Background Technology

[0002] Waste electrical and electronic products (WEEE) are the fastest-growing solid waste worldwide. my country has strategically developed emerging industries such as electronics and environmental protection. Taking waste resin from the electronics industry as an example (waste copper-clad laminates, printed circuit boards, and waste resin powder generated after metal recycling from circuit board crushing and sorting), the annual output has exceeded one million tons. Multi-source resin waste is diverse and complex in composition. Based on its source, it can be roughly divided into five categories: waste circuit boards, waste plastics, silver polishing cloths, dry film residue, and film, with waste circuit boards having the highest output. In addition to organic components and glass fibers, multi-source resin waste also contains valuable metals such as gold, silver, copper, and palladium, and is considered an "urban mine." Pre-treatment methods for electronic / environmental waste, such as dismantling, crushing, and physical sorting of precious metals, are relatively mature, but only 20% is recycled, with a large amount of solid waste ending up in landfills. In recent years, the treatment methods for this waste have become increasingly diversified. Physical methods (such as magnetic separation and eddy current separation), chemical methods (such as acid leaching and electrolysis), biological methods (such as microbial leaching), and pyrometallurgy have been gradually applied in industrial practice. However, various bottlenecks still exist in industrial applications. For example, traditional physical recycling methods are difficult to separate and recover and have high energy consumption; existing landfill and incineration methods face problems such as low utilization rate of organic components, low recovery of valuable metals, difficulty in process control, and high operating energy costs; chemical methods face environmental risks and cost pressures; biological methods are limited by the activity and efficiency of microorganisms; and pyrometallurgy has high energy consumption and the risk of secondary pollution. Although it is rich in C and H energy elements, its thermal conversion technology is immature and it is prone to generating toxic and harmful substances. Therefore, multi-source resin waste, as a major hazardous waste generated in key areas such as electronics and environmental protection, is directly related to the sustainable development of related industries. Breakthroughs in its harmless, resource-based, safe, and high-value conversion technologies are urgently needed.

[0003] Fluidized beds are the most widely used reaction devices in the gasification field. They have the characteristics of high heat and mass transfer efficiency, uniform temperature distribution, strong continuous operation, and large processing capacity. However, the use of fluidized beds as reaction devices for multi-source resin waste in current industrial development is still relatively rare. The main problems are: the content of metal / non-metal components in multi-source resin waste varies greatly, and traditional quartz sand bed material will increase the difficulty of resource utilization, resulting in increased energy consumption in the later separation stage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-source resin waste fluidized bed resource utilization device, which solves the problem that existing technologies are difficult to use for the enrichment and separation of multi-source resin waste with high production volume and high utilization value. The device achieves the one-step production of syngas from multi-source resin waste and the enrichment and separation of metal / non-metal components through gasification reaction, thereby improving the resource utilization rate of multi-source resin waste.

[0005] Technical solution: The fluidized bed gasifier of the present invention comprises: a main body of a fluidized bed gasifier, which has a slag discharge port at the bottom and a syngas outlet at the top; the main body of the fluidized bed gasifier uses copper foil particles contained in the crushed multi-source resin waste as bed material to replace the traditional quartz sand bed material. The feeding system includes a raw material feed tank, a feed airlock and a screw feeder connected in sequence, which are used to feed the crushed raw materials of multi-source resin waste into the main body of the fluidized bed gasifier. The air distribution system includes a fluidizing air chamber and a horizontal uniform air distribution plate, which are used to evenly distribute the gasifying agent into the furnace and fluidize the bed material; The slag removal system includes a slag removal airlock and a metal slag bin connected to the slag removal port at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier body, used to collect copper foil particles; The gasification product processing system includes a cyclone separator, a bag filter, a syngas buffer tank connected in sequence, and a primary non-metallic slag bin and a secondary non-metallic slag bin connected to the cyclone separator and the bag filter, respectively, for separating and enriching the non-metallic components in the gasified ash.

[0006] Furthermore, the raw material feed tank is a two-stage silo structure with a design pressure of 0.1–1.0 MPa; both the feed airlock and the slag discharge airlock are star-shaped feeders, equipped with motors, reducers, and frequency converters; the screw feeder is a horizontal screw structure, equipped with a servo motor; the electric heating device is a multi-stage heating system, covering the dense phase and dilute phase zones of the fluidized bed gasifier; the horizontal uniform air distribution plate is a porous sintered plate with an opening rate of 2%–4%; and the fluidizing air chamber has a multi-pipe average air inlet structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the cyclone separator is made of S31008 stainless steel with a separation efficiency of 95% to 99%; the bag filter uses high-temperature resistant filter material with a temperature range of 150 to 280℃; and the syngas buffer tank is designed with a pressure of 0.1 to 2.0 MPa.

[0008] Furthermore, the fluidized bed gasifier has an inner diameter of 120 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm, a height of 3600 mm, is made of S31008 stainless steel, has an operating temperature of 600~900℃, and an operating pressure of 0.1~1.0 MPa.

[0009] The present invention discloses a method for the resource utilization of multi-source resin waste in a fluidized bed, which is implemented using any of the apparatuses described herein, and includes the following steps: (1) After crushing the multi-source resin waste, place it in the raw material feed tank, and preheat the main body of the fluidized bed gasifier to 600-900°C using an electric heating device; (2) The raw materials are fed into the main body of the fluidized bed gasifier through the feed air lock and the screw feeder. The gasifying agent is preheated and then enters the furnace through the fluidized air chamber and the horizontal uniform air distribution plate to fluidize the copper foil particle bed material. (3) Multi-source resin waste undergoes gasification reaction in fluidized state to generate high-calorific-value syngas rich in CO, H2 and CH4, and resin components are converted into gasified ash rich in glass fiber. (4) The gasification ash rises with the syngas and is separated by a cyclone separator and a bag filter in sequence. The glass fiber-rich components are collected in the primary non-metallic slag bin and the secondary non-metallic slag bin, respectively. (5) The syngas enters the buffer tank and is then sent to the burner for combustion; (6) Some copper foil particles are discharged into the metal slag bin through the slag discharge lock at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier, thereby achieving the enrichment and recovery of metal components.

[0010] Furthermore, multi-source resin waste includes one or more of the following: waste circuit boards, waste plastics, dry film residue, silver polishing cloth, and film, with waste circuit boards accounting for 80% to 100% and other resin waste accounting for 0% to 20%.

[0011] Furthermore, the copper foil particles in the multi-source resin waste crushing raw material account for 30% to 60% of the total feed, which is used to supplement the bed material reduced due to slag discharge in the fluidized bed.

[0012] Furthermore, the gasifying agent is a mixture of air and water vapor, with a steam-air ratio of 20% to 50%; after the gasification reaction, the separation efficiency of non-metallic components reaches 100%, and the slag separation efficiency of metallic components reaches 95% to 99%.

[0013] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following significant advantages: This invention is specifically designed for the resource utilization of multi-source resin waste; through an efficient gasification method for multi-source resin waste, it achieves the enrichment and separation of high-value components from the waste. By replacing traditional quartz sand bed material, copper foil particles rich in multi-source resin waste are directly used as the bed material. The high thermal conductivity of copper is adapted to the endothermic gasification scenario of multi-source resin waste, and the catalytic function of copper is used to directionally regulate the H2 content in the syngas, thereby increasing the calorific value of the syngas. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention; Figure 2This is a design drawing of the device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a fluidized bed gasification device for the resource utilization of multi-source resin waste, including: a fluidized bed gasifier body 8, which has a slag discharge port at the bottom and a syngas outlet at the top; the fluidized bed gasifier body 8 uses copper foil particles contained in the crushed multi-source resin waste as bed material. The feeding system includes a raw material feed tank 1, a feed airlock 2 and a screw feeder 3 connected in sequence, which are used to feed the crushed raw material of multi-source resin waste into the fluidized bed gasifier body 8; The air distribution system includes a fluidizing air chamber 6 and a horizontal uniform air distribution plate 5, which are used to uniformly distribute the gasifying agent into the furnace and fluidize the bed material. The slag removal system includes a slag removal airlock 7 and a metal slag bin 11 connected to the slag removal port at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier body 8, for collecting copper foil particles; The gasification product processing system includes a cyclone separator 9, a bag filter 12, a syngas buffer tank 13 connected in sequence, and a primary non-metallic slag bin 10 and a secondary non-metallic slag bin 14 connected to the cyclone separator 9 and the bag filter 12 respectively, for separating and enriching the non-metallic components in the gasified ash slag.

[0017] The bulk density of copper foil particles and resin particles of different sizes was measured experimentally to determine the basic parameters for fluidized bed design. The particle size range was 0.1-0.6 mm. Through cross-validation of multiple sets of experiments, the bulk density of copper foil particles and resin particles of different sizes was finally determined. The bulk density range of copper foil particles was 800-1200 kg / m3, and the bulk density range of resin particles was 400-700 kg / m3. Quantitative analysis of elements such as C, H, O, N, and S in multi-source resin waste was carried out to obtain the elemental proportions of different resin wastes. The characteristics of the gasification reaction process were used for calculation, which served as the reference parameters for fluidized bed design.

[0018] The multi-source resin waste raw material feed tank 1 is divided into two-stage silos; the feed airlock 2 and the slag discharge airlock 7 are star-shaped feeders; the screw feeder 3 is a horizontal screw feeder equipped with a servo motor; the horizontal uniform air distribution plate 5 is a porous sintered plate; the gasifying agent is premixed in the fluidized air chamber 6; the fluidized bed gasifier body 8 includes a bottom slag discharge pipe and a top syngas outlet, which is connected to the screw feeder 3; the primary dust collector-cyclone separator 9 is connected to the top syngas outlet of the fluidized bed gasifier body 8; the primary non-metallic slag silo 10 stores the coarse non-metallic slag separated by the primary dust collector-cyclone separator 9; the metallic slag silo 11 is connected to the slag discharge airlock 7 connected to the bottom slag discharge outlet of the fluidized bed gasifier body 8; the secondary dust collector-bag dust collector 12 is connected to the primary dust collector-cyclone separator 9; the secondary non-metallic slag silo 14 stores the fine non-metallic slag separated by the secondary dust collector-cyclone separator 12; and the syngas buffer tank 13 is connected to the secondary dust collector-cyclone separator.

[0019] The primary and secondary silos of the multi-source resin waste raw material feed tank 1 are designed with a pressure of 0.1-1.0 MPa; the feed airlock 2 and the slag discharge airlock 7 are equipped with feeders, motors, reducers and frequency converters; the electric heating device 4 adopts multi-stage heating, divided into dense phase zone heaters and dilute phase zone heaters, and the electric heating device 4 covers the height of the main body of the fluidized bed gasifier 8; the horizontal uniform air distribution plate 5 adopts a porous sintered plate as the uniform fluidized air treatment in the air chamber, with an opening rate of 2-4%; the fluidized air chamber 6 adopts multi-pipe average air intake, and uniform bottom gasification agent intake through the expansion section; the main body of the fluidized bed gasifier (8) adopts multi-stage flange connection; the primary dust collector-cyclone separator 9 is made of S31008 material, with a separation efficiency of 95-99%; the primary non-metallic slag bin 10 and the secondary non-metallic slag bin 14 have a working temperature of 100- 500℃; the metal slag bin 10 is made of high-temperature resistant material with an operating temperature of 300-900℃; the secondary dust collector - bag filter 12 uses high-mesh high-temperature resistant filter material with a high temperature resistance of 150-280℃; the syngas buffer tank 13 has a pressure range of 0.1-2.0MPa.

[0020] The working temperature inside the fluidized bed gasifier body 8 is 600-900℃, the working pressure is 0.1-1.0 MPa, and its dimensions are an inner diameter of 120 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm, a height of 3600 mm, and the material is S31008.

[0021] After the multi-source resin is crushed, the raw material is placed in the multi-source resin waste raw material feed tank 1. The electric heating device 4 preheats the fluidized bed gasifier body 8 to 600-900℃. The raw material first passes through the feed airlock 2 to prevent the high pressure gas in the gasifier from back-blowing. Then, the multi-source resin crushed raw material is sent into the fluidized bed gasifier body 8 through the screw feeder 3. The gasifying agent is heated and premixed through the preheating section and then enters the fluidized air chamber 6. It is sent into the fluidized bed gasifier body 8 through the horizontal uniform air distribution plate 5, which turns the internal copper foil particle bed material into a fluidized state. At this time, the multi-source resin waste raw material undergoes a gasification reaction. At the same time, the raw material resin waste is gasified into high-calorific-value synthesis gas rich in combustible gases such as CO, H2, and CH4. Some copper particles enter the metal slag bin 11 in the fluidized bed gasifier body (8) through the slag discharge airlock 7. In order to ensure the stability of the fluidization state in the fluidized bed gasifier body 8, the slag discharge-feeding coordinated control is adopted. The multi-source resin waste that has completed the gasification reaction is now transformed into glass fiber-rich gasified ash. Due to the heterogeneous shape and weight of the particles, it rises with the syngas flow in the fluidized bed gasifier body 8. It first passes through a primary dust collector-cyclone separator 9 for coarse separation, and the glass fiber-rich gasified ash is stored in a primary non-metallic slag bin 10. The syngas then passes through a secondary dust collector-bag filter 12 for fine separation, and the glass fiber-rich gasified ash is stored in a secondary non-metallic slag bin 14. Finally, the syngas enters a syngas buffer tank, and is finally burned and discharged in a burner.

[0022] A method for the resource utilization of multi-source resin waste in a fluidized bed gasifier includes the following steps: First, the crushed multi-source resin raw material is placed in a multi-source resin waste raw material feed tank 1. An electric heating device 4 preheats the fluidized bed gasifier body 8 to 600-900℃. The raw material first passes through a feed airlock 2 to prevent backflow of high-pressure gas in the gasifier, and then passes through a screw feeder 3 to feed the crushed multi-source resin raw material into the fluidized bed gasifier body 8 at a feed rate of 10-60 kg / h. The gasifying agent is preheated and premixed in a preheating section and then enters the fluidized air chamber 6. It is then fed into the fluidized bed gasifier body 8 through a horizontal uniform air distribution plate 5 at a gasification dosage of 30-110 mg / L. The flow rate is m3 / h, which transforms the internal copper foil particle bed material into a fluidized state. At this time, the multi-source resin waste raw material undergoes a gasification reaction. Simultaneously, the raw material resin waste is gasified into high-calorific-value syngas rich in combustible gases such as CO, H2, and CH4. Some copper particles enter the metal slag bin 11 through the slag discharge airlock 7 in the fluidized bed gasifier body 8. To ensure the stability of the fluidization state in the fluidized bed gasifier body 8, slag discharge-feeding coordinated control is adopted. Secondly, the multi-source resin waste that has completed the gasification reaction is transformed into glass fiber-rich gasified ash. Due to the heterogeneous shape and weight of the particles, it rises with the syngas flow in the fluidized bed gasifier body 8. It first passes through the primary dust collector-cyclone separator 9 to achieve coarse separation, and the glass fiber-rich gasified ash is stored in the primary non-metallic slag bin 10. The syngas further passes through the secondary dust collector-bag filter 12 to achieve fine separation, and the glass fiber-rich gasified ash is stored in the secondary non-metallic slag bin 14. Finally, the syngas enters the syngas buffer tank, and is finally burned and discharged in the burner.

Claims

1. A multi-source resin waste fluidized bed resource utilization device, characterized in that, include: The fluidized bed gasifier body (8) has a slag discharge port at the bottom and a syngas outlet at the top; the fluidized bed gasifier body (8) uses copper foil particles contained in the crushed multi-source resin waste as bed material; The feeding system includes a raw material feed tank (1), a feed air lock (2) and a screw feeder (3) connected in sequence, which are used to feed the crushed raw material of multi-source resin waste into the fluidized bed gasifier body (8). The air distribution system includes a fluidizing air chamber (6) and a horizontal uniform air distribution plate (5) for uniformly distributing the gasifying agent into the furnace and fluidizing the bed material; The slag removal system includes a slag removal airlock (7) and a metal slag bin (11) connected to the slag removal port at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier body (8) for collecting copper foil particles; The gasification product processing system includes a cyclone separator (9), a bag filter (12), a syngas buffer tank (13) connected in sequence, and a primary non-metallic slag bin (10) and a secondary non-metallic slag bin (14) connected to the cyclone separator (9) and the bag filter (12) respectively, for separating and enriching the non-metallic components in the gasified ash slag.

2. The multi-source resin waste fluidized bed resource utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw material feed tank (1) is a two-stage silo structure with a design pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 MPa; the feed airlock (2) and the slag discharge airlock (7) are both star feeders, equipped with motors, reducers and frequency converters; the screw feeder (3) is a horizontal screw structure, equipped with a servo motor; the electric heating device (4) is a multi-stage heating system, covering the dense phase zone and dilute phase zone of the fluidized bed gasifier body (8); the horizontal uniform air distribution plate (5) is a porous sintered plate; the fluidized air chamber (6) is a multi-pipe average air inlet structure.

3. The multi-source resin waste fluidized bed resource utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cyclone separator (9) is made of S31008 stainless steel; the bag filter (12) is made of high temperature resistant filter material with a temperature range of 150 to 280℃; the syngas buffer tank (13) is designed with a pressure of 0.1 to 2.0 MPa.

4. The multi-source resin waste fluidized bed resource utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluidized bed gasifier body (8) has an inner diameter of 120 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm, a height of 3600 mm, is made of S31008 stainless steel, has a working temperature of 600~900℃, and a working pressure of 0.1~1.0 MPa.

5. A method for the resource utilization of multi-source resin waste in a liquid bed, characterized in that, Implemented using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the following steps: (1) After crushing the multi-source resin waste, place it in the raw material feed tank (1) and preheat the fluidized bed gasifier body (8) to 600-900℃ using the electric heating device (4); (2) The raw material is fed into the fluidized bed gasifier body (8) through the feed air lock (2) and the screw feeder (3). After the gasifying agent is preheated, it enters the furnace through the fluidizing air chamber (6) and the horizontal uniform air distribution plate (5) to fluidize the copper foil particle bed material. (3) Multi-source resin waste undergoes gasification reaction in fluidized state to generate high-calorific-value syngas rich in CO, H2 and CH4, and resin components are converted into gasified ash rich in glass fiber. (4) The gasification ash rises with the syngas and is separated by a cyclone separator (9) and a bag filter (12) in sequence. The glass fiber-rich components are collected in the primary non-metallic slag bin (10) and the secondary non-metallic slag bin (14), respectively. (5) The syngas enters the buffer tank (13) and is then sent to the burner for combustion; (6) Some copper foil particles are discharged into the metal slag bin (11) at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier body (8) through the slag discharge airlock (7), thereby achieving the enrichment and recovery of metal components.

6. The method for resource utilization of multi-source resin waste in a fluidized bed according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multi-source resin waste includes one or more of the following: waste circuit boards, waste plastics, dry film residue, silver polishing cloth, and film. Among them, waste circuit boards account for 80% to 100%, and other resin waste accounts for 0% to 20%.

7. The method for resource utilization of multi-source resin waste in a fluidized bed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The copper foil particles in the raw material of multi-source resin waste crushing account for 30% to 60% of the total feed, and are used to supplement the bed material reduced due to slag discharge in the fluidized bed.

8. The method for resource utilization of multi-source resin waste in a liquid bed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vaporizing agent is a mixture of air and water vapor, with a vapor-to-air ratio of 20% to 50%.

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