Lift shaft protection formwork construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method for a protective formwork of an elevator shaft, and belongs to the technical field of safety monitoring of building construction. The method aims at solving the technical problems that in traditional elevator shaft construction, safety monitoring depends on manpower, real-time performance is poor, early warning lags behind, and risk changes in different construction stages cannot be intelligently adapted. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps that a tilt angle sensor and a laser range finder network are arranged on a tool type lifting platform and a shaped template so as to collect tilt and displacement data in real time; the monitoring terminal synchronously executes static threshold comparison, dynamic threshold adjustment based on construction stage information and real-time trend analysis on the data change rate; when the data exceeds the limit or the change rate is abnormal, two-stage early warning including local prompt and remote alarm is triggered, and the lifting platform is locked in a linkage mode when the highest-stage alarm is given. The system is mainly used for achieving intelligent real-time safety monitoring and active risk intervention in the elevator shaft construction process, and the operation safety is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction safety monitoring technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a method for constructing protective formwork for elevator shafts. Background Technology

[0002] As a vertically connected space in a building, the construction of elevator shafts, particularly the protective formwork, is a crucial step in the construction of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, and also a work area with a high concentration of safety risks. During construction, specialized tool-type lifting platforms and standardized formwork systems must be erected within the shaft for personnel operation, material support, and concrete forming. Under the dynamic loads of platform lifting, formwork installation, and concrete pouring, this system is highly susceptible to platform tilting, formwork displacement, and even overall instability, potentially leading to catastrophic safety accidents such as overturning and collapse, causing significant casualties and property damage.

[0003] Currently, safety assurance for elevator shaft protective formwork construction mainly relies on the following traditional technologies and management methods, but these methods all have significant limitations and drawbacks: 1. Relying entirely on manual experience for inspections and static acceptance: This is currently the most common practice. Safety officers or team leaders conduct regular or irregular inspections using visual inspection and simple tools (such as plumb bobs and spirit levels). Its drawbacks are extremely prominent: safety condition judgment heavily relies on individual experience; different personnel have different judgment standards, lacking objective and unified data support, making it easy to miss potential risks. Inspections are intermittent, unable to monitor continuous dynamic processes such as platform lifting and concrete pouring. Risks between inspections cannot be detected, creating a huge safety "time blind spot." Problems are only discovered after visible deformation or issues occur, by which time the structure may already be in a critical instability state, missing the optimal intervention opportunity. Frequent entry into high-risk shaft environments for inspections not only increases labor costs but also exposes the inspectors themselves to danger.

[0004] 2. Simple alarm devices with fixed thresholds: A few projects have attempted to install simple tilt switches or displacement limiters, triggering audible and visual alarms when the angle or displacement exceeds a certain fixed set value. While this method partially achieves automated monitoring, its drawbacks are obvious: different construction stages (such as a platform at rest, dynamic lifting, and full-load pouring) have different requirements for structural stability. Fixed thresholds cannot adapt to these dynamic changes: if the threshold is set too loosely, it cannot provide effective warnings during critical stages (such as pouring); if it is set too tightly, it may frequently trigger false alarms during normal dynamic stages (such as lifting), leading to desensitization to alarms. Such devices only alarm when danger has already occurred and cannot monitor the gradual process of risk accumulation. For example, they cannot identify a dangerous trend where the platform is slowly and continuously tilting but has not yet reached the fixed threshold, thus losing valuable early warning time. They are usually standalone devices, with alarm information limited to the site, and cannot achieve remote monitoring, data recording, multi-level linkage, and systematic management.

[0005] 3. Localized Application of General-Purpose Construction Safety Monitoring Systems: In recent years, some smart construction site systems have begun to be applied, but they mostly focus on large-scale projects such as tower cranes, deep foundation pits, and high formwork. For confined, vertical, and special working conditions like elevator shafts, there is a lack of dedicated, integrated solutions. Directly applying general-purpose systems has the following problems: Monitoring point placement is not optimized for the corner stress characteristics of tool-type lifting platforms and the displacement characteristics of formwork, resulting in insufficient representativeness of monitoring data. Simple single-threshold judgments are often used, failing to consider the unique process flow and staged load changes in elevator shaft construction, leading to insufficient intelligent analysis capabilities. Monitoring and execution are separated; even if a hazard is detected, automatic emergency braking of the lifting equipment is not possible, still requiring manual response and delaying rescue opportunities.

[0006] Therefore, the industry urgently needs a dedicated technology that can achieve real-time, objective quantification, intelligent early warning, and proactive intervention throughout the entire process in order to fundamentally improve the inherent safety level of this special operating scenario. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages that will be described later.

[0008] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a method for constructing protective formwork for elevator shafts is provided, comprising the following steps: S1. Integrated Deployment: A sensor network is deployed on the tool-type lifting platform and the standardized template in the elevator shaft; the sensor network includes tilt sensors installed at the four corners of the tool-type lifting platform, and laser rangefinders installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft or the stabilizing layer; the laser rangefinders are used to measure the top and middle of the standardized template for monitoring displacement. S2. Data perception: During construction, tilt data of the tool-type lifting platform is collected in real time through tilt sensors, and horizontal displacement data of the standardized template is collected in real time through laser rangefinders. S3. Analysis and Evaluation: Send the tilt and displacement data to the monitoring terminal and execute the following instructions: a. The monitoring terminal compares the real-time data with the preset static safety threshold; b. The monitoring terminal acquires construction stage information and dynamically adjusts the safety threshold according to the construction stage to generate a dynamic safety threshold applicable to the current construction stage for comparison; the construction stage information includes the static state before lifting, during lifting, after positioning, before pouring, during pouring, and after pouring; c. The monitoring terminal performs real-time trend analysis on tilt and displacement data, calculates the rate of change over time, and compares it with a preset rate of change threshold. S4. Tiered early warning: When real-time data exceeds the corresponding static or dynamic security threshold, or when the rate of change exceeds the rate of change threshold, an early warning is triggered. The warning system includes at least two levels: Level 1 warning, which is highlighted on the monitoring terminal interface and accompanied by local audio and visual alerts; and Level 2 alarm, which automatically sends alarm information to the preset mobile terminals of remote management personnel. When a level 2 alarm is triggered, the monitoring terminal simultaneously sends a lock signal to the electrical control system of the tool-type lifting platform, causing it to suspend lifting operations.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the four corners of the tool-type lifting platform are its four lifting points or four support points connected to the well wall.

[0010] Preferably, in instruction a of step S3, the static safety threshold includes the maximum permissible tilt angle of the platform and the maximum permissible horizontal offset of the standardized template.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, instruction b, dynamically adjusting the safety threshold according to the construction stage means that the first tilt threshold set for the "lifting" stage is greater than the second tilt threshold set for the "after positioning" or "pouring" stage.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, instruction b, the monitoring terminal also acquires ambient wind speed information; when the ambient wind speed information exceeds the preset wind speed threshold, the monitoring terminal further lowers the tilt threshold in the dynamic safety threshold.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, instruction c, the real-time trend analysis calculates the average rate of change of tilt and displacement data within a time window of 30-60 seconds.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, a level-one warning is triggered when any of the following conditions are met: a. The real-time data of a single tilt sensor or laser rangefinder exceeds its corresponding static or dynamic safety threshold. b. The rate of change of data at a single monitoring point exceeds the rate of change threshold.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, a secondary alarm is triggered when any of the following conditions are met: c. The real-time data from two or more monitoring points simultaneously exceed their corresponding static or dynamic safety thresholds. d. The real-time data of any monitoring point exceeds 120% of its corresponding static or dynamic safety threshold; e. The calculated overall tilt angle of the platform exceeds the preset emergency tilt angle threshold.

[0016] This invention provides an elevator shaft protection formwork construction system for performing the above-described method, comprising: The sensing module includes tilt sensor groups deployed at the four corners of the tool-type lifting platform, and a laser rangefinder deployed at the bottom of the shaft or the stabilization layer, pointing to the template monitoring point. The data acquisition and communication module, connected to the sensing module, is used to collect and wirelessly transmit sensor data; The monitoring terminal, including a processor and a memory, is configured to execute steps S3 and S4 of the method. The early warning execution module includes a local audible and visual alarm, a remote communication unit, and a locking signal interface that is linked to the electrical control system of the tool-type lifting platform.

[0017] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements steps S3 to S4 of the method.

[0018] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, this invention achieves all-weather, continuous, and automated data acquisition of structural status through a sensor network deployed at key parts of the tool-type lifting platform and standardized templates. This completely changes the traditional subjective mode that relies on intermittent manual inspections, upgrading safety management from vague experience-based judgments to precise data-driven approaches. The system can capture minute deformation trends that are difficult for the human eye to detect in real time, providing objective and unified safety assessment criteria, greatly improving the timeliness and reliability of risk identification, and effectively eliminating the "time blind spots" and subjective misjudgment risks inherent in manual inspections.

[0019] Secondly, this invention, through a dynamic threshold adjustment mechanism based on construction stage information, can intelligently identify different stages such as lifting, positioning, or pouring, and automatically match the appropriate safety threshold standards. This allows monitoring standards to flexibly adapt to the actual risk levels of different processes. For example, more lenient monitoring is allowed during the dynamic lifting stage to reduce false alarms, while stricter standards are adopted during the high-risk concrete pouring stage. This adaptive capability resolves the inherent contradiction between sensitivity and reliability in fixed threshold systems, achieving intelligent scenario perception and accurate early warning.

[0020] Third, by calculating the rate of change of monitoring data in real time and performing trend analysis, this invention can identify dangerous trends of accelerated deformation before the absolute value of structural displacement or tilt angle exceeds the standard, thus issuing early warnings and buying valuable time for response. More importantly, when the risk is determined to be extremely high, the system can automatically send a locking signal to the lifting equipment to forcibly interrupt dangerous operations, constructing a closed-loop safety protection system integrating monitoring, early warning, and intervention.

[0021] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an elevator shaft protection formwork construction method according to one of the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of an elevator shaft protection formwork construction system, which is one of the technical solutions of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to examples, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following implementation plan are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a method, system, and medium for elevator shaft protective formwork construction, aiming to solve the problems of traditional methods relying on manual labor, lacking real-time monitoring, and lacking intelligent early warning. The following description uses the construction of a typical elevator shaft on a standard floor of a super high-rise building as an application scenario.

[0027] The elevator shaft measures 2.5m x 2.5m, with a depth of 4.2m, corresponding to the current construction floor height. A steel tool-type lifting platform serves as the operating surface, and the platform is raised using electric hoists at its four corners. Standardized steel formwork is used for support around the elevator shaft. The construction process is as follows: the tool-type lifting platform is raised to the predetermined height and locked in place; the standardized formwork is installed and aligned; and the shear wall concrete of the shaft is poured. The tool-type lifting platform mentioned in this article refers to a standardized steel operating platform used in elevator shaft construction that can be repeatedly raised or lowered along the shaft's height. The standardized formwork refers to a steel or aluminum alloy formwork system designed according to the elevator shaft dimensions and capable of repeated assembly and use.

[0028] The specific implementation includes the following steps: S1, Integrated Deployment 1. Sensor Selection and Installation: Tilt Sensors (for monitoring tool-type lifting platforms): Four industrial-grade MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) dual-axis tilt sensors are selected, with a range of ±15°, accuracy of 0.05°, and protection rating of IP67. They are fixedly installed near the four lifting lugs of the tool-type lifting platform (i.e., the four main load-bearing points), ensuring that the sensor base is tightly fitted to the platform's steel beams and that the measuring reference plane is parallel to the platform's working surface.

[0029] Laser rangefinders (for template monitoring): Two industrial-grade laser rangefinders are selected, with a measuring range of 0.05-50m, accuracy of ±1mm, and IP65 protection rating. They are installed on the completed floor slab (stabilized layer) of the floor below the elevator shaft using adjustable brackets, positioned at opposite ends of the shaft's diagonal. During installation, a total station is used for calibration to ensure that the laser spots of the two rangefinders are precisely aligned with the top midpoint of the pre-cast template on the previous floor and the pre-set laser reflection target in the center of the template to be monitored on this floor, respectively. During installation, the angle α between the laser rangefinder's optical axis and the normal direction of the template monitoring point must be accurately measured and recorded. By adjusting the bracket and target positions, α must be ensured to be ≤ 5°, and the measured value (accuracy should be better than 0.5°) is input into the monitoring terminal system for subsequent accurate calculation of displacement. The target is a high-strength engineering reflective sticker, firmly adhered.

[0030] 2. Monitoring Terminal Deployment: Deploy an industrial-grade edge computing gateway as a local monitoring terminal in the equipment room near the shaft or in the project office. This gateway has multiple digital / analog input interfaces, 4G / Ethernet communication capabilities, and runs the early warning analysis software of this invention.

[0031] 3. Communication Network Setup: The tilt sensor and laser rangefinder collect data via RS-485 bus or LoRa wireless module to a waterproof data acquisition box located on the tool-type lifting platform. This acquisition box has a built-in power module (battery or power sourced from the platform's lighting) and a 4G DTU (data transmission unit), responsible for sending the packaged sensor data to the cloud server and local industrial gateway via mobile network.

[0032] S2, Data Awareness After the system is powered on, the sensors begin to operate. Four tilt sensors collect the tilt angles of the four corners of the platform relative to the horizontal plane along the X and Y axes in real time at a frequency of 5Hz, denoted as θ. Ax θ Ay θ Bx θ By ,...

[0033] Two laser rangefinders collect the distance L between themselves and the corresponding template monitoring target in real time at a frequency of 2Hz. top and L mid By comparing with the initial calibration distance L top0 L mid0 By comparison, the change in slant distance ΔL = L - L0 is calculated. Then, based on the angle α between the optical axis of the laser rangefinder calibrated during installation and the normal direction of the standardized template, when α ≤ 5°, the formula can be used approximately. The absolute displacement of the template in the normal direction is calculated; if α > 5°, a precise conversion should be performed using spatial geometric analytical methods. During installation, a total station and a laser target must be used to ensure that the measurement accuracy of angle α is better than 0.5°, and the size of angle α should be minimized as much as possible. This displacement ΔD directly reflects the bulging or shrinking deformation of the template.

[0034] S3. Analysis and evaluation (executed at the monitoring terminal) In this invention, the static safety threshold refers to the basic safety limit set based on structural safety specifications that does not change with construction conditions; the dynamic safety threshold refers to a temporary safety limit applicable to the current specific working conditions, formed by dynamically adjusting the static safety threshold based on real-time acquired construction stage information and / or environmental wind speed information. In each comparison cycle, the real-time data is compared with the smaller of the currently applicable static and dynamic safety thresholds. After receiving the real-time data stream, the local industrial gateway or cloud server synchronously executes the following three types of analysis instructions: a. Static threshold comparison: The following static safety thresholds are preset (set according to the "Technical Specification for Safety of Formwork in Building Construction" and manufacturer's information): θ static max (Maximum allowable tilt angle of the platform): 1.0° (single axis).

[0035] ΔD static max(Maximum allowable horizontal offset of template): 10mm.

[0036] Real-time comparison: When the absolute value of the tilt angle of any monitoring point is greater than 1.0°, or the absolute value of the horizontal displacement of the template at any monitoring point is greater than 10mm, it is determined that the static threshold has exceeded the limit.

[0037] b. Dynamic threshold adjustment and comparison: Construction phase information acquisition: The current construction phase is determined by comprehensively considering one or more of the following methods: Automatic signal judgment, receiving automatic trigger signals such as "lifting in progress" (operational feedback signal from the lifting equipment) and "pouring in progress" (linkage signal from the concrete pump); Data features can aid in judgment. For example, if the platform tilt angle data remains highly stable for a continuous period of time (such as 30 seconds), it can help determine that the platform is in the "positioned" state.

[0038] The judgment of construction phase information follows the principle of "manual confirmation first, automatic signals as a supplement, and data feature verification." When construction teams switch work processes, they must manually confirm and record the changes through the human-machine interface of the monitoring terminal. Automatic signals (such as hoist operation feedback) serve as auxiliary triggers and reminders. If the manual confirmation and automatic signals or data features continuously contradict each other for more than a preset time (e.g., 5 minutes), the system should trigger a Level 1 "Phase Unclear" warning, prompting management personnel to conduct on-site verification. To prevent the risk of misjudgment of phases due to workers forgetting to confirm, a phase confirmation timeout reminder is set. When an automatic signal or data feature indicates that a phase has changed, but no manual confirmation has been received after a preset time (e.g., 10 minutes), a Level 1 warning will be triggered, and the system will automatically monitor using the most stringent dynamic threshold for the current possible phase until valid confirmation is obtained.

[0039] The terminal stores a dynamic threshold table. This table uses static safety thresholds as a baseline and adjusts them upwards or downwards according to the safety risk level at different construction stages, forming dynamic safety thresholds applicable to each stage. An example is shown below: Table 1. Stage-based dynamic security thresholds based on static thresholds. (Note: The thresholds shown in Table 1 are example values. In practical applications, the determination of all thresholds (including static, dynamic, and rate of change) should be based on: 1) national and industry mandatory safety technical specifications (such as the "Technical Specification for Safety of Formwork in Building Construction" JGJ162); 2) product design safety parameters of tool-type lifting platforms and standardized formwork; 3) finite element analysis or engineering experience data based on specific structural parameters and load conditions of the project. The thresholds should be clearly defined in the specific construction plan and verified and fine-tuned based on the sensor baseline data under the unloaded and static state during the initial deployment of the system.) Ambient wind speed adjustment: During the "post-positioning," "pre-pouring," and "during-pouring" stages, the system obtains the shaft inlet wind speed V through the connected digital anemometer. The digital anemometer connected to the monitoring terminal should be installed at the ventilation opening at the top of the shaft, and its wind speed threshold V... threshold The wind pressure conversion value for temporary structures during construction and the shaft wind effect coefficient are comprehensively determined with reference to the "Code for Design of Building Structures" (GB 50009). The specific value needs to be calculated and determined based on the project location, building height, and shaft opening conditions. In this example, 10 m / s is used for reference. When wind speed V > V threshold At that time, the monitoring terminal will set the dynamic tilt threshold θ corresponding to the current stage. dynamicmax Temporarily multiply by a wind load reduction factor k (usually 0.6~0.8, which needs to be verified by a structural engineer; 0.7 is used in this example), that is... This adjustment applies to all construction phases exposed to shaft wind conditions (including during hoisting, post-positioning, and pouring) to address the additional effects of wind loads.

[0040] Real-time comparison: When the absolute value of the tilt angle of any monitoring point is greater than the adjusted dynamic tilt threshold, or the absolute value of the template horizontal displacement of any monitoring point is greater than the dynamic displacement threshold, it is determined that the dynamic threshold has exceeded the limit.

[0041] c. Real-time trend analysis: Calculating the rate of change: The terminal continuously stores historical data in rolling time windows (e.g., 60 seconds). The length of this time window can be configured within the range of 30-120 seconds according to monitoring needs, balancing response speed and data smoothness. For the data sequence of each monitoring point (4 tilt angles + 2 displacements), a linear regression algorithm (e.g., least squares method) is used to fit the data change trend line within that time window. The slope of this trend line is defined as the current average rate of change, v. θ and v ΔD This method can effectively smooth out instantaneous disturbances and more accurately reflect deformation trends.

[0042] Rate of change threshold: preset v θmax =0.02° / s, v ΔDmax =0.3 mm / s. These thresholds represent an abnormally rapid deformation trend, and their setting should refer to the allowable deformation rate of the structure under unexpected loads, monitoring data of similar projects, and expert experience.

[0043] Real-time comparison: When the absolute value of the tilt angle change rate of any monitoring point is greater than 0.02° / s, or the absolute value of the template displacement change rate of any monitoring point is greater than 0.3mm / s, it is judged as an abnormal trend.

[0044] S4, Tiered Early Warning The early warning logic is triggered based on the analysis results of S3: Level 1 warning trigger conditions (one of the following must be met): 1. Any single sensor data exceeding the static or dynamic threshold.

[0045] 2. The rate of change at any single monitoring point exceeds the limit.

[0046] Level 1 warning action: The audible and visual alarm connected to the local industrial gateway emits intermittent beeps and flashes of yellow light.

[0047] On the monitoring terminal software interface, the icon of the sensor that exceeds the limit turns yellow and flashes, and a prompt box pops up: "Tilter sensor No. XX exceeds the limit, please check!" The information is recorded in the log.

[0048] Level 2 alarm triggering conditions (one of the following must be met): 1. Data from two or more sensors simultaneously exceed the threshold (e.g., the tilt angles at both diagonal corners of the platform exceed the limit, indicating overall tilt).

[0049] 2. Any sensor data exceeds 120% of its applicable threshold (static or dynamic) (severe over-limit).

[0050] 3. Based on data from the four corner tilt sensors, the overall platform tilt angle calculated using a spatial plane fitting algorithm exceeds a preset emergency tilt angle threshold (e.g., 2.5°). The calculation method for the overall platform tilt angle is as follows: the X and Y axis tilt angle values ​​of the four monitoring points are converted into normal vector components in three-dimensional space. An equation representing the platform plane is fitted using the least squares method, and then the angle between the normal to this plane and the direction of gravity (i.e., the vertical direction) is calculated. If there are fewer than three valid tilt angle data points due to sensor failure, a reliable overall tilt angle cannot be calculated. In this case, this condition automatically fails, and alarm judgment relies on other conditions.

[0051] Level 2 alarm action: The local audible and visual alarm switched to a continuous, high-pitched blare and a red flashing light.

[0052] The monitoring terminal interface turns red and flashes, and automatically takes a screenshot.

[0053] The system pushes alarm information to the mobile terminals of project managers and safety directors via SMS and a dedicated app. The content includes: "Level 2 alarm! Elevator shaft platform may be unstable! Location: Building X, Unit X. Time: XXXX. Trigger reason: Tilt angles at points A and B exceed limits simultaneously." If multiple triggering conditions are met simultaneously, the alarm message should list all conditions.

[0054] Key Interlocking Mechanism: The monitoring terminal sends a dry contact closure signal to the "emergency stop" circuit of the tool-type lifting platform's electrical control cabinet via a relay output module. This relay module should be designed with normally open contacts, closing only when the secondary alarm conditions are met. The signal circuit should be connected to the lifting equipment's safety interlock circuit, complying with relevant functional safety principles. This signal will forcibly cut off the electric hoist's main power control circuit, immediately locking the tool-type lifting platform at its current height, preventing any lifting or lowering operations and preventing the situation from worsening before human intervention.

[0055] The overall platform tilt angle refers to the combined tilt angle of the working plane of the tool-type lifting platform relative to the horizontal plane. During calculation, the X-axis and Y-axis tilt angle values ​​(θ) measured by the four corner tilt sensors are used. xi θ yi ), combined with the known projected coordinates (x, y) of each sensor on the platform plane i y i A space plane equation is fitted using the least squares method. The normal vector of this plane is (A, B, -1). The overall tilt angle of the platform is θ. overall This is the complementary angle between the normal vector and the direction of gravity (i.e., (0, 0, 1)), calculated using the following formula: This calculation is automatically completed by the algorithm module within the monitoring terminal, providing crucial information for determining the level two alarm.

[0056] The initial values ​​of all thresholds (static, dynamic, rate of change, and emergency tilt angle) in this method must be determined by the technical supervisor before the project commences, based on the design scheme, specifications, and actual site conditions, and incorporated into the specific safety construction plan for approval. After the system is initially installed, calibration and verification tests must be performed under known safe operating conditions (such as no-load and stationary) to confirm the matching between the threshold settings and sensor data.

[0057] To ensure timely early warning and intervention, the response time of the entire system should meet the following performance indicators: the time interval from sensor data acquisition to the monitoring terminal completing analysis and logical judgment should be ≤1s; the time interval from meeting the level 2 alarm condition to issuing the lockout signal should be ≤2s. To achieve this reliability, the monitoring terminal should use a real-time operating system (RTOS) or an industrial control computer with a high-priority task processing mechanism. The transmission of all critical commands (such as lockout signals) should be completed through hardwiring or a high-priority real-time industrial network protocol, and periodic heartbeat checks should be performed to ensure the smooth operation of the control link.

[0058] This invention provides an elevator shaft protection formwork construction system, comprising: The sensing module includes four tilt sensors mounted at the corners of the tool-type lifting platform and two laser rangefinders mounted on the stabilizing layer at the bottom of the shaft.

[0059] The data acquisition and communication module includes a waterproof data acquisition box, power supply, and 4G DTU. This module aggregates data from the sensor modules and transmits it via a wireless network. The sensor modules and data acquisition box should be powered primarily by high-capacity, rechargeable industrial lithium battery packs, with a low-power operating mode designed to extend battery life. Simultaneously, a standard 24V DC industrial power interface should be reserved on the tool-type lifting platform, and wired power should be prioritized after the platform is in place to ensure continuous and stable system operation. The communication scheme should primarily use wired communication (such as an Ethernet-based industrial bus) as the backbone network to ensure data real-time performance and reliability. For mobile components such as the lifting platform, highly interference-resistant industrial wireless communication (such as WIA-PA or WirelessHART) can be used as a supplement, and on-site signal strength and stability testing should be conducted before deployment to ensure no blind spots.

[0060] The monitoring terminal can be a local industrial gateway and / or a cloud server. Its internal processor runs analysis and early warning software, and its memory stores threshold tables, algorithm programs, and real-time historical data.

[0061] The early warning execution module includes a local audible and visual alarm, a remote communication unit (integrated into the terminal), and a locking signal interface (such as a relay module). The locking signal interface is connected to the emergency stop terminal of the tool-type lifting platform control cabinet via a cable.

[0062] The workflow is as follows: First, the sensing module collects real-time status data of the tool-type hoisting platform and template inside the elevator shaft; then, the data acquisition and communication module transmits this data to the monitoring terminal; then, the monitoring terminal analyzes and evaluates the received data; then, the system triggers corresponding early warnings based on the evaluation results; finally, the early warning execution module executes local audible and visual alarms, sends alarm notifications to designated remote management personnel, and sends an emergency lock signal to the electrical control cabinet of the tool-type hoisting platform.

[0063] For communication redundancy, a 4G network is used as the primary network, while a LoRa gateway is deployed in the shaft as a backup local communication link to prevent data interruption caused by signal blind spots.

[0064] The system software performs self-diagnosis of faults, sending sensor self-test commands periodically (e.g., hourly). If a sensor is unresponsive, its data exceeds its range, or remains unchanged for an extended period (e.g., 10 consecutive sampling cycles), the monitoring terminal will determine that the sensor is faulty and issue an alarm on the interface. Simultaneously, the system will automatically ignore the data from the faulty sensor and prompt a conservative assessment based on the remaining valid sensors. If the number of faulty sensors prevents the system from conducting an effective safety assessment (e.g., more than two tilt sensors fail), the system should automatically trigger a Level 1 warning and recommend suspending high-risk operations until repairs are completed.

[0065] Data traceability: All raw sensor data, alarm events, and operation logs are stored in a cloud database, which can be accessed at any time and reports can be generated for accident analysis and process optimization.

[0066] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium (such as an SD card in an industrial gateway or a hard drive in a cloud server) on which a computer program is stored. When the program is loaded and executed by a processor (such as the CPU of a gateway or server), it realizes all the functions of steps S3 (analysis and evaluation) and S4 (tiered early warning) in the aforementioned method, including but not limited to data reception, threshold comparison, dynamic adjustment, trend calculation, logical judgment, early warning generation, and instruction sending.

[0067] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing protective formwork for elevator shafts, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Integrated Deployment: A sensor network is deployed on the tool-type lifting platform and the standardized template in the elevator shaft; the sensor network includes tilt sensors installed at the four corners of the tool-type lifting platform, and laser rangefinders installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft or the stabilizing layer; the laser rangefinders are used to measure the top and middle of the standardized template for monitoring displacement. S2. Data perception: During construction, tilt data of the tool-type lifting platform is collected in real time through tilt sensors, and horizontal displacement data of the standardized template is collected in real time through laser rangefinders. S3. Analysis and Evaluation: Send the tilt and displacement data to the monitoring terminal and execute the following instructions: a. The monitoring terminal compares the real-time data with the preset static safety threshold; b. The monitoring terminal acquires construction stage information and dynamically adjusts the safety threshold according to the construction stage to generate a dynamic safety threshold applicable to the current construction stage for comparison; the construction stage information includes the static state before lifting, during lifting, after positioning, before pouring, during pouring, and after pouring; c. The monitoring terminal performs real-time trend analysis on tilt and displacement data, calculates the rate of change over time, and compares it with a preset rate of change threshold. S4. Tiered early warning: When real-time data exceeds the corresponding static or dynamic security threshold, or when the rate of change exceeds the rate of change threshold, an early warning is triggered. The warning system includes at least two levels: Level 1 warning, which is highlighted on the monitoring terminal interface and accompanied by local audio and visual alerts; and Level 2 alarm, which automatically sends alarm information to the preset mobile terminals of remote management personnel. When a level 2 alarm is triggered, the monitoring terminal simultaneously sends a lock signal to the electrical control system of the tool-type lifting platform, causing it to suspend lifting operations.

2. The elevator shaft protection formwork construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the four corners of the tool-type lifting platform are its four lifting points or four support points connected to the well wall.

3. The elevator shaft protection formwork construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In instruction a of step S3, the static safety thresholds include the maximum permissible tilt angle of the platform and the maximum permissible horizontal offset of the standardized template.

4. The elevator shaft protection formwork construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, instruction b states that the safety threshold is dynamically adjusted according to the construction stage. This means that the first tilt threshold set for the "lifting" stage is greater than the second tilt threshold set for the "after positioning" or "pouring" stage.

5. The elevator shaft protection formwork construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, instruction b, the monitoring terminal also acquires ambient wind speed information; when the ambient wind speed information exceeds the preset wind speed threshold, the monitoring terminal further lowers the tilt threshold in the dynamic safety threshold.

6. The elevator shaft protection formwork construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, instruction c, the real-time trend analysis calculates the average rate of change of tilt and displacement data within the past 30-60 seconds time window.

7. The elevator shaft protection formwork construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, a Level 1 warning is triggered when any of the following conditions are met: a. The real-time data of a single tilt sensor or laser rangefinder exceeds its corresponding static or dynamic safety threshold. b. The rate of change of data at a single monitoring point exceeds the rate of change threshold.

8. The elevator shaft protection formwork construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, a level two alarm is triggered when any of the following conditions are met: c. The real-time data from two or more monitoring points simultaneously exceed their corresponding static or dynamic safety thresholds. d. The real-time data of any monitoring point exceeds 120% of its corresponding static or dynamic safety threshold; e. The calculated overall tilt angle of the platform exceeds the preset emergency tilt angle threshold.

9. An elevator shaft protective formwork construction system for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The sensing module includes tilt sensor groups deployed at the four corners of the tool-type lifting platform, and a laser rangefinder deployed at the bottom of the shaft or the stabilization layer, pointing to the template monitoring point. The data acquisition and communication module, connected to the sensing module, is used to collect and wirelessly transmit sensor data; The monitoring terminal, including a processor and a memory, is configured to perform steps S3 and S4 of the method as described in any one of claims 1-8; The early warning execution module includes a local audible and visual alarm, a remote communication unit, and a locking signal interface that is linked to the electrical control system of the tool-type lifting platform.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements steps S3 to S4 of the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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