Active obstacle-avoiding tree-root-imitating anti-falling anchor rod with replaceable supporting rod capable of independently moving

Abstract

The invention discloses an active obstacle-avoiding tree-root-imitating anti-falling anchor rod with a replaceable supporting rod capable of independently moving. The active obstacle-avoiding tree-root-imitating anti-falling anchor rod comprises an anchor rod mechanism, an anchoring supporting rod mechanism, a prompting mechanism, a miniature pressure sensor and an independent lifting mechanism. Wherein the anchor rod mechanism comprises a main anchor rod, and an anchoring supporting rod mechanism and an independent lifting mechanism are arranged in the main anchor rod; the anchoring strut mechanism comprises a hydraulic oil tank and a plurality of struts; the independent lifting mechanism can control the flow dividing boxes to conduct height adjustment. The prompting mechanism comprises a sensing controller, a display screen and an indicating lamp; and the micro pressure sensors are arranged at the tips of the supporting rods. The functions generated during use include but are not limited to 1) the extension and retraction functions of the supporting rods, 2) the flexible plug-in connection and disassembly functions, 3) the'bionic touch 'direction adjustment function, 4) the function of adjusting the supporting force in different directions, and 5) the good sealing performance and the stable push-out limiting function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering support technology, specifically to an active obstacle avoidance, tree root-like anti-fall anchor rod with replaceable and individually movable support rods. Background Technology

[0002] In geotechnical engineering, anchor bolts are an important support structure widely used in tunnels, slopes, foundation pits, and other engineering fields. Their main function is to transfer the stress inside the soil and rock mass to stable strata, thereby improving the stability of the soil and rock mass and preventing geological disasters such as collapse and landslides. Traditional anchor bolts are mostly anchored at the ends or bonded along their entire length. Their contact area with the soil and rock mass is limited, resulting in insufficient anchoring force. In loose or fractured soil and rock masses, they are prone to falling off, leading to poor anti-fall-off performance during use.

[0003] In the prior art, such as the patent application CN201910583716.1 entitled "A Tree Root-like Anchor Rod and Its Installation Method", a main anchor rod and a sleeve are included. One end of the main anchor rod extending into the soil is fixedly connected to a fixed sleeve. A movable sleeve is fitted on the fixed sleeve, and a spring is fitted on the movable sleeve. The spring is compressed and fixed between the fixed sleeve and the movable sleeve. The lower end of the fixed sleeve is fixedly connected to a base sleeve. A support rod that can open outward is provided between the movable sleeve and the base sleeve. The two ends of the support rod abut against the movable sleeve and the base sleeve, respectively. A locking strip is inserted through the outer wall of the movable sleeve to lock the movable sleeve and the fixed sleeve. Strain gauges are attached to the outer wall of the main anchor rod embedded in the soil and the inner wall of the sleeve. The locking strip and the strain gauges are connected to a control device. A conductor coil is wound on the locking strip.

[0004] In other words, although existing technologies using tree root-like anchors improve the bonding force with soil and rock by adding branch structures, they still have the following drawbacks:

[0005] 1. Each support rod can only be adjusted in terms of its opening angle or its position in the anchor rod at the same time. This is not suitable for complex and varied terrain. For example, it often causes the support rod to be blocked by a rock on one side during use, making it impossible to open or find the anchor point. In this case, the overall depth of the anchor rod needs to be readjusted, which involves a large amount of work.

[0006] 2. In actual use, the lack of understanding of geological conditions makes it difficult to control the depth to which anchor bolts should be driven and their interaction with the geological conditions. This results in a situation where "the blind men and the elephant" after the anchor bolts are driven into the land, which greatly reduces work efficiency.

[0007] 3. In actual use, it is difficult to flexibly complete the replacement operation according to the damage of the support rod or the project requirements. This not only greatly reduces the flexibility of the use of anchor rods, but also affects the overall support effect because the support rods cannot be updated in time.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for practical anchor bolts that can overcome the aforementioned practical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings mentioned in the background section and to achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] An active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor bolt with replaceable and independently movable support rods includes an anchor bolt mechanism 1, an anchor support rod mechanism 3, a warning mechanism 4, a miniature pressure sensor 5, and an independent lifting mechanism 6.

[0011] Among them, the anchor bolt mechanism 1 includes a main anchor bolt 101; the main anchor bolt 101 is internally equipped with an anchoring support mechanism 3 and an independent lifting mechanism 6;

[0012] The anchoring support mechanism 3 includes a hydraulic oil tank 301 and multiple support rods 318. The multiple support rods 318 are mechanically connected to each diverter box 307 in sequence through a diagonal brace tube 308, a piston disc 310, and a docking sleeve 313 that docks with the piston disc 310, so as to realize the extension and retraction functions of the support rods 318.

[0013] The independent lifting mechanism 6 can control the height adjustment of multiple diversion boxes 307 respectively, thereby providing an individual lifting function for each support rod 318;

[0014] The prompting mechanism 4 includes a sensor controller 401, a display screen 402, and an indicator light 403, which are used to independently indicate and remind the anchor rod whether the pressure exceeds a set threshold.

[0015] Miniature pressure sensors 5 are located at the tip of each support rod 318. The internal sensing circuit of the miniature pressure sensor 5 is electrically connected to the indicator mechanism 4, thereby enabling real-time and accurate monitoring of the tip compression pressure during the extension and anchoring process of the support rod 318. When the sensor detects that the compression pressure caused by a solid foreign object exceeds the set threshold, the pressure signal is quickly transmitted to the sensor controller 401. The built-in processing module of the sensor controller 401 analyzes and judges the pressure signal, causing the indicator light 403 corresponding to the miniature pressure sensor 5 to light up immediately as a warning.

[0016] Preferably, the anchoring support mechanism 3 includes a hydraulic oil tank 301, an oil circuit connecting pipe 303 fixedly connected to the top of the hydraulic oil tank 301, a hydraulic oil pump 304 fixedly connected to the other end of the oil circuit connecting pipe 303, a connector 305 provided on the top of the hydraulic oil pump 304, a connecting valve 306 provided on the connector 305, a telescopic hose 322 fixedly connected to the top of the connector 305, a diverter box 307 fixedly connected to the other end of the telescopic hose 322, a plurality of diagonal support pipes 308 evenly distributed around the outer side of the diverter box 307, a piston disc 310 provided on the inner side of the diagonal support pipe 308, a mating sleeve 313 provided on the piston disc 310, a third threaded connector 317 threadedly connected to the inner side of the mating sleeve 313, and a support rod 318 installed on the third threaded connector 317;

[0017] The hydraulic oil pump 304 works in conjunction with the oil circuit connection pipe 303 to extract the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil tank 301. The oil is then transported through the connector 305 and the connecting valve 306 to the distribution box 307 for even distribution. This ultimately pushes the piston disc 310 to move outward and causes the support rod 318 to extend further outward. This facilitates the extension and embedding of the support rod 318 into the foundation soil, achieving a stable installation. The reverse operation enables the retraction function, thus realizing the extension and retraction functions of the support rod 318.

[0018] Preferably, the independent lifting mechanism 6 includes a pressure tank 601, a pressure pump 602 is provided at the bottom of the pressure tank 601, and a plurality of air valves 603 are evenly distributed on the outside of the pressure pump 602. One end of the air valve 603 is connected to a pneumatic lifting rod 604, and the output end of the pneumatic lifting rod 604 is connected to the top of the diversion box 307; a plurality of lifting guide grooves 106 are evenly provided through the outer wall of the main anchor rod 101.

[0019] The air pressure pump 602 controls the release and collection of air pressure inside the air pressure tank 601, which facilitates the extension and retraction adjustment of the pneumatic lifting rod 604 by controlling the air pressure output through the air valve 603. This, in turn, facilitates the height adjustment of the diversion box 307, allowing each support rod 318 to slide up and down along the lifting guide groove 106 to different positions to adjust the support force in different directions and avoid soil obstacles.

[0020] Preferably, the side of the support rod 318 is provided with a sliding guide groove 319, and the inner side of the sliding guide groove 319 is slidably connected with a limit pin 321. One end of the limit pin 321 is inserted into the second insertion groove 320. One end of the mating sleeve 313 is provided with a first insertion groove 314, and one end of the limit pin 321 is inserted into the inner side of the first insertion groove 314. A support pad ring 315 is provided between the mating sleeve 313 and the third threaded joint 317. The surface of the support pad ring 315 is evenly distributed with a number of anti-slip ridges 316 along the circumferential direction.

[0021] The guide rail groove 319 provides a sliding installation position for the limiting pin 321, which facilitates the use of the limiting pin 321 to slide through the inner side of the second insertion groove 320 after docking, and then insert and connect to the inner side of the first insertion groove 314, thereby achieving a stable insertion connection.

[0022] When replacement or disassembly is required, the anchor rod can be pulled out by retracting the support rod 318, then extended out and pulled out through the limit pin 321. The support rod 318 can then be rotated to disassemble and replace the anchor rod.

[0023] Preferably, a limiting ring 309 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the diagonal bracing tube 308, and the mating sleeve 313 is embedded in the inner side of the limiting ring 309, thereby providing a limiting and anti-detachment function during the extension process;

[0024] The outer wall of the piston disc 310 is provided with several sealing rings 311, which are all attached to the inner wall of the inclined support tube 308 to prevent hydraulic oil from leaking out.

[0025] The piston disc 310 has a push disc 312 at its bottom end. The outer side of the push disc 312 is movably connected to the inner wall of the inclined support tube 308, which transmits thrust while sealing.

[0026] Preferably, the top of the anchor bolt mechanism 1 is provided with an extension mechanism 2, which includes an extension rod 204. The bottom of the extension rod 204 is provided with a threaded connector 205. The outer side of the threaded connector 205 is threadedly connected to the top inner side of the main anchor bolt 101. The top of the extension rod 204 is provided with a top plate 201. Several through holes 202 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the top plate 201. A second threaded connector 203 is installed at the bottom of the top plate 201. The extension mechanism 2 realizes the extension function, thereby adapting to operations at different depths.

[0027] Preferably, a support frame 302 is symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of the hydraulic oil tank 301, and the support frame 302 is located at the bottom inner side of the main anchor rod 101; the bottom of the main anchor rod 101 is threadedly connected to a first threaded joint 102, and the bottom of the first threaded joint 102 is provided with an anchoring tip 103, which facilitates increasing the penetration force of the anchor rod in the soil through the anchoring tip 103.

[0028] Preferably, an installation ring 104 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the main anchor rod 101. Several support blocks 105 are evenly distributed around the top of the installation ring 104 in the circumferential direction. The support blocks 105 are all fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main anchor rod 101. An inner support rod is installed at the bottom of the inner side of the installation ring 104. The inner support rod is installed on the top of the diversion box 307. The inner support rod is located between the installation ring 104 and the diversion box 307 to provide a stable installation support effect.

[0029] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor in construction engineering.

[0030] This invention also provides a method for anchoring using the active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor rod described in any of the above claims, comprising:

[0031] S1. Drive the anchor bolt into the soil;

[0032] S2. Adjusting support strength and avoiding obstacles: The independent lifting mechanism 6 includes a pressure tank 601, a pressure pump 602 at the bottom of the pressure tank 601, and several air valves 603 evenly distributed on the outside of the pressure pump 602. One end of the air valve 603 is connected to a pneumatic lifting rod 604, and the output end of the pneumatic lifting rod 604 is connected to the top of the diversion box 307; several lifting guide grooves 106 are evenly opened through the outer wall of the main anchor rod 101.

[0033] The air pump 602 controls the release and collection of air pressure inside the air tank 601, which facilitates the control of air pressure output by the air valve 603, thereby realizing the extension and retraction adjustment of the pneumatic lifting rod 604. This facilitates the height adjustment of the diversion box 307, allowing each support rod 318 to slide up and down along the lifting guide groove 106 to different positions to adjust the support force in different directions and avoid soil obstacles.

[0034] S3. Adjusting the extension and retraction of the support rod 318: The hydraulic oil pump 304 works in conjunction with the oil circuit connecting pipe 303 to draw out the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil tank 301, and then delivers it to the flow distribution box 307 through the connector 305 and connecting valve 306 for even distribution. Finally, it pushes the piston disc 310 to move outward, and drives the support rod 318 to extend further outward, which is conducive to the support rod 318 extending and embedding into the foundation soil to achieve a stable installation. The reverse operation can realize the retraction function, thus realizing the extension and retraction function of the support rod 318.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. In this invention, the connecting sleeve is fixed on the piston disc and threadedly connected to the third threaded connector. A support pad ring is provided at the connection point, and anti-slip ridges are distributed on its surface to improve friction. The side of the support rod is provided with a sliding guide groove to provide a sliding installation position for the limiting pin. This facilitates the sliding of the limiting pin through the inner side of the second insertion groove after the connection is completed, and then insertion into the inner side of the first insertion groove, thereby achieving a stable insertion connection. When replacement or disassembly is required, the support rod can be retracted, the anchor rod can be pulled out as a whole, and then extended out again. It can be pulled out through the limiting pin, and then the support rod can be rotated to disassemble and replace it.

[0037] 2. In this invention, a hydraulic pump, in conjunction with an oil circuit connecting pipe, extracts hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil tank. This oil is then transported through a connector and connecting valve to a distribution box for even distribution, ultimately pushing the piston disc outward and causing the support rod to extend further outward. This facilitates the support rod's extension and embedding into the foundation soil, achieving stable installation. A limiting ring is fixedly installed on the inner side of the inclined support tube to provide a limiting effect during extension, preventing excessive pushing and detachment. Several sealing rings distributed on the outer wall of the piston disc are tightly connected to the inner wall of the inclined support tube, improving sealing and preventing hydraulic oil leakage. The push plate, located at the bottom of the piston disc, provides a seal while simultaneously receiving thrust, achieving a stable pushing and limiting function.

[0038] 3. In this invention, the extension rod provides an extension function, and a threaded connector at the bottom facilitates connection with the main anchor rod, thereby achieving the extension function and adapting to different depth ranges. A second threaded connector is threadedly connected to the top of the extension rod, and a top plate is provided on the top of the second threaded connector. The top plate has a through hole, which is beneficial for providing a position for installation and fixing at the top. The bolt structure further increases the installation and fixing methods, and further improves the stability after installation.

[0039] 4. In this invention, a miniature pressure sensor is placed at the tip of the support rod, and its internal sensing circuit is electrically connected to the indicator mechanism. This helps to monitor the sensing pressure in real time during the extension and anchoring of the support rod. The pressure threshold can be set by the user. When the sensor detects excessive squeezing pressure from a foreign object, the pressure signal value is transmitted to the sensor controller. After the sensor controller's built-in processing module analyzes the pressure, the indicator light corresponding to the miniature pressure sensor will light up to indicate the pressure. At the same time, the display screen shows the current pressure value and orientation for reference. Subsequently, the hydraulic pump is controlled to retract the support rod to make room, which facilitates the operator to adjust the orientation and extend the support rod again for anchoring. By adding a bionic tactile sensor on the outside of the support rod to assist manual avoidance, the user can actively avoid solid foreign objects.

[0040] 5. In this invention, a pressure tank is installed inside the main anchor rod, and several air valves are connected to the bottom of the pressure tank via a pressure pump. These air valves are connected to a pneumatic lifting rod, and the output end of the pneumatic lifting rod is connected to the distribution box. The pressure pump controls the release and collection of air pressure inside the pressure tank, facilitating the extension and retraction adjustment of the pneumatic lifting rod by controlling the air pressure output through the air valves. This, in turn, facilitates the height adjustment of the distribution box, allowing each support rod to slide up and down along the lifting guide groove to different positions to adjust the support force in different directions. This allows one side to open above and the other side to open below, which is beneficial for avoiding rocks in a certain direction while using other support rods to provide anchoring at the same height as the rocks, without changing the depth and position of the anchor rod, greatly improving the convenience of operation. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor rod with replaceable and individually movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the diagram;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another angle of the active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor rod with replaceable and individually movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a partially exploded structural diagram of an active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor rod with replaceable and individually movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a partial exploded cross-sectional view of the active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor rod with replaceable and independently movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0046] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B in the diagram;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor rod with replaceable and independently movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of an active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor rod with replaceable and independently movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of an active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor rod with replaceable and independently movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0050] Figure 10 This is a partial structural diagram of the support rod of an active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor rod with replaceable and independently movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0051] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the support rod structure of an active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor rod with replaceable and independently movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0052] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the prompting mechanism of an active obstacle avoidance tree root-like anti-falling anchor rod with replaceable and independently movable support rods according to the present invention.

[0053] In the picture:

[0054] 1. Anchor Bolt Mechanism; 101. Main Anchor Bolt; 102. First Threaded Joint; 103. Anchoring Tip; 104. Mounting Ring; 105. Support Block; 106. Lifting Guide Groove; 2. Extension Mechanism; 201. Top Plate; 202. Through Hole; 203. Second Threaded Joint; 204. Extension Rod Body; 205. Threaded Butt Joint; 3. Anchoring Support Mechanism; 301. Hydraulic Oil Tank; 302. Support Frame; 303. Oil Circuit Connecting Pipe; 304. Hydraulic Oil Pump; 305. Connector; 306. Connecting Valve; 307. Diverter Box; 308. Diagonal Bracing Pipe; 309. Limiting Ring; 310. Piston 311. Disc; 312. Sealing ring; 313. Push disc; 314. Docking sleeve; 315. First insertion slot; 316. Support pad ring; 317. Anti-slip convex strip; 318. Third threaded joint; 319. Support rod; 320. Sliding guide rail groove; 321. Second insertion slot; 322. Limit pin; 322. Telescopic hose; 4. Indicator mechanism; 401. Sensor controller; 402. Display screen; 403. Indicator light; 404. Protective cover; 5. Miniature pressure sensor; 6. Independent lifting mechanism; 601. Pressure tank; 602. Pressure pump; 603. Air valve; 604. Pneumatic lifting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] like Figures 1-3As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor rod with replaceable and individually movable support rods, including an anchor rod mechanism 1, an extension mechanism 2 is provided at the top of the anchor rod mechanism 1, the anchor rod mechanism 1 includes a main anchor rod 101, and an anchoring support rod mechanism 3 is provided inside the main anchor rod 101.

[0058] like Figure 8 As shown, the anchoring support mechanism 3 includes a hydraulic oil tank 301. An oil circuit connecting pipe 303 is fixedly connected to the top of the hydraulic oil tank 301. A hydraulic oil pump 304 is fixedly connected to the other end of the oil circuit connecting pipe 303. A connector 305 is provided on the top of the hydraulic oil pump 304. A connecting valve 306 is provided on the connector 305. A telescopic hose 322 is fixedly connected to the top of the connector 305. A diverter box 307 is fixedly connected to the other end of the telescopic hose 322. Several diagonal bracing pipes 308 are evenly distributed around the outer side of the diverter box 307.

[0059] like Figures 9-10 As shown, a piston disc 310 is provided on the inner side of the diagonal brace tube 308, and a mating sleeve 313 is provided on the piston disc 310. A third threaded joint 317 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the mating sleeve 313, and a support rod 318 is installed on the third threaded joint 317.

[0060] like Figure 9 As shown, a limiting ring 309 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the inclined support tube 308, and a mating sleeve 313 is embedded in the inner side of the limiting ring 309. Several sealing rings 311 are distributed on the outer wall of the piston disc 310, and the sealing rings 311 are all in contact with the inner wall of the inclined support tube 308. A pushing disc 312 is provided at the bottom end of the piston disc 310, and the outer side of the pushing disc 312 is movably connected to the inner wall of the inclined support tube 308.

[0061] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 12 As shown, the active obstacle avoidance tree root-like anti-falling anchor bolt of the present invention also includes a warning mechanism 4 and a miniature pressure sensor 5. The miniature pressure sensor 5 is located at the tip of the support rod 318 and is used to monitor the pressure of compression during the anchoring process. The warning mechanism 4 includes a display screen 402 and an indicator light 403, which are used to independently indicate externally whether the pressure on the anchor bolt exceeds a set threshold. The warning mechanism 4 also includes a sensor controller 401. The display screen 402 and the indicator light 403 are both mounted on the surface of the sensor controller 401, and a protective sleeve 404 is provided on the outside of the sensor controller 401.

[0062] like Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the main anchor bolt 101 has an independent lifting mechanism 6 inside. The independent lifting mechanism 6 includes a pressure tank 601, a pressure pump 602 at the bottom of the pressure tank 601, and several air valves 603 evenly distributed on the outside of the pressure pump 602. One end of each air valve 603 is connected to a pneumatic lifting rod 604, and the output end of the pneumatic lifting rod 604 is connected to the top of the distribution box 307. Several lifting guide grooves 106 are evenly provided through the outer wall of the main anchor bolt 101.

[0063] like Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, a sliding guide groove 319 is provided on the side of the support rod 318. A limit pin 321 is slidably connected to the inner side of the sliding guide groove 319. One end of the limit pin 321 is inserted into the second insertion groove 320. A first insertion groove 314 is provided at one end of the mating sleeve 313. One end of the limit pin 321 is inserted into the inner side of the first insertion groove 314. A support pad ring 315 is provided between the mating sleeve 313 and the third threaded joint 317. Several anti-slip ridges 316 are evenly distributed on the surface of the support pad ring 315 along the circumferential direction.

[0064] Based on the above connection method, the device of the present invention, when in use, produces functions including but not limited to:

[0065] 1) Extension and retraction function of support rod 318. The bottom of the diversion box 307 is connected to the top of the telescopic hose 322. The diversion box 307 has inclined support pipes 308 for mounting the piston disc 310. The piston disc 310 is provided with a docking sleeve 313 to facilitate connection with the third threaded joint 317 on the support rod 318. The hydraulic oil pump 304 works in conjunction with the oil circuit connecting pipe 303 to draw hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil tank 301. The hydraulic oil is then transported to the diversion box 307 through the connector 305 and the connecting valve 306 for even distribution. This pushes the piston disc 310 to move outward and drives the support rod 318 to extend further outward. This facilitates the extension and embedding of the support rod 318 into the foundation soil, achieving a stable installation. The retraction function can be achieved by reversing the operation.

[0066] 2) Flexible insertion and disassembly functions. The sleeve 313 is fixed to the piston disc 310 and threadedly connected to the third threaded connector 317. A support pad ring 315 is provided at the connection point, and anti-slip ridges 316 are distributed on its surface to improve friction. The side of the support rod 318 has a sliding guide groove 319 to provide a sliding installation position for the limiting pin 321. This allows the limiting pin 321 to slide through the inside of the second insertion groove 320 after docking, and then be inserted into the inside of the first insertion groove 314, thus achieving a stable insertion connection.

[0067] When replacement or disassembly is required, the anchor rod can be pulled out by retracting the support rod 318, then extended out and pulled out through the limit pin 321. The support rod 318 can then be rotated to disassemble and replace the anchor rod.

[0068] 3) "Bionic Touch" Orientation Adjustment Function. In scenarios with stringent requirements for anchoring accuracy and safety, such as deep foundation pit and high slope support, and anchoring construction in cultural relic protection areas, miniature pressure sensors 5 must be installed at the tip of each support rod 318. Internally, they are electrically connected to the indicator mechanism 4 via internal sensing circuitry. This structure allows for real-time and accurate monitoring of the tip compression pressure during the extension and anchoring process of the support rod 318, with the pressure threshold flexibly set as needed. When the sensor detects compression pressure exceeding the set threshold caused by a solid foreign object, the pressure signal is quickly transmitted to the sensor controller 401. The sensor controller 401's built-in processing module analyzes and judges the pressure signal, causing the indicator light 403 corresponding to the miniature pressure sensor 5 to illuminate immediately as a warning. The display screen 402 simultaneously displays the current pressure value and abnormal orientation, providing operators with intuitive reference. Simultaneously, the system controls the hydraulic pump 304 to drive the support rod 318 to retract and reposition based on the pressure value and abnormal orientation, facilitating subsequent adjustment of the anchor rod's orientation and re-extension of the support rod to complete the anchoring operation. This structure utilizes the "bionic tactile" monitoring function at the tip of the support rod, combined with manual avoidance operation, to actively avoid solid foreign objects. This fundamentally prevents the support rod 318 from failing to extend completely due to foreign object compression, thus avoiding anchor bolt failure and ensuring the stability and safety of the support in complex scenarios.

[0069] 4) Function for adjusting support strength in different directions. By installing the pressure tank 601 inside the main anchor rod 101, and connecting several air valves 603 at the bottom of the pressure tank 601 via the air pump 602, and connecting the air valves 603 to the pneumatic lifting rod 604, the output end of the pneumatic lifting rod 604 is connected to the diversion box 307. The air pump 602 controls the release and collection of air pressure inside the pressure tank 601, which facilitates the extension and retraction adjustment of the pneumatic lifting rod 604 by controlling the air pressure output in conjunction with the air valves 603. This facilitates the height adjustment of the diversion box 307, allowing each support rod 318 to slide up and down along the lifting guide groove 106 to different positions to adjust the support strength in different directions, thus achieving one side opening above and the other side opening below, which helps to avoid rocks.

[0070] 5) Excellent sealing and stable ejection limiting function. A limiting ring 309 fixedly installed on the inner side of the inclined support tube 308 provides a limiting effect during extension, preventing excessive ejection and potential detachment. Several sealing rings 311 distributed on the outer wall of the piston disc 310 are tightly connected to the inner wall of the inclined support tube 308, improving sealing and preventing hydraulic oil leakage. The push disc 312, located at the bottom of the piston disc 310, provides a seal while also receiving thrust, achieving a stable ejection limiting function.

[0071] 6) Install the hydraulic oil tank 301 inside the main anchor bolt 101, and connect the hydraulic oil pump 304 to the top of the hydraulic oil tank 301 through the oil circuit connection pipe 303. Then connect the hydraulic oil pump 304 to the connector 305. A connection valve 306 is provided on the connector 305 to provide flow control.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the extension mechanism 2 includes an extension rod 204. A threaded connector 205 is provided at the bottom of the extension rod 204. The outer side of the threaded connector 205 is threadedly connected to the top inner side of the main anchor rod 101. A top plate 201 is provided at the top of the extension rod 204. Several through holes 202 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the top plate 201. A second threaded connector 203 is installed at the bottom of the top plate 201.

[0074] In this embodiment, the extension rod 204 provides an extension function, and a threaded connector 205 is provided at the bottom to facilitate connection with the main anchor rod 101, thereby realizing the extension function and adapting to different depth ranges. A second threaded connector 203 is threadedly connected to the top of the extension rod 204, and a top plate 201 is provided on the top of the second threaded connector 203. The top plate 201 has a through hole 202, which is beneficial to provide a position for installation and fixing at the top. In conjunction with the bolt structure, the installation and fixing methods are increased, further improving the stability after installation.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] like Figure 8 As shown, a support frame 302 is symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of the hydraulic oil tank 301, and the support frame 302 is located at the bottom inner side of the main anchor rod 101. The bottom of the main anchor rod 101 is threadedly connected to a first threaded joint 102, and the bottom of the first threaded joint 102 is provided with an anchoring tip 103.

[0077] like Figure 6An installation ring 104 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the main anchor rod 101. Several support blocks 105 are evenly distributed around the top of the installation ring 104 in the circumferential direction. The support blocks 105 are all fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main anchor rod 101. An inner support rod is installed at the bottom of the inner side of the installation ring 104. The inner support rod is installed on the top of the diversion box 307. Several lifting guide grooves 106 are evenly opened through the outer wall of the main anchor rod 101.

[0078] In this embodiment, a first threaded connector 102 is installed at the top of the anchoring tip 103 and threadedly connected to the bottom of the main anchor rod 101. This facilitates increased penetration through the anchoring tip 103, improving the efficiency of the anchoring work. An installation ring 104 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the main anchor rod 101, and support blocks 105 are distributed on the installation ring 104 to improve the stability of the installation of the diversion box 307 and increase the strength of the support. The inner support rod body is located between the installation ring 104 and the diversion box 307, providing a stable installation support effect. The lifting guide groove 106 provides a stable guiding effect for the lifting of the inclined support tube 308 and the support rod 318.

[0079] Example 4

[0080] like Figures 1-4 As shown, it also includes a prompting mechanism 4 and a miniature pressure sensor 5. The miniature pressure sensor 5 is located at the tip of the support rod 318 and is used to monitor the pressure of compression during the anchoring process. The prompting mechanism 4 includes a display screen 402 and an indicator light 403 for external independent indication and reminder of whether the pressure exceeds the set threshold. The prompting mechanism 4 also includes a sensor controller 401. The display screen 402 and the indicator light 403 are both mounted on the surface of the sensor controller 401. A protective cover 404 is provided on the outside of the sensor controller 401.

[0081] In this embodiment, in fractured and loose rock and soil environments such as mine roadways and gravel slopes, the support rod 318 may encounter local hard blocks or cavities during its extension. This device can monitor the pressure at the tip of the support rod 318 in real time. Once the pressure exceeds a threshold, the indicator light 403 and display screen 402 will issue an alarm promptly. Operators can then adjust the extension direction of the support rod 318 accordingly, preventing it from breaking due to uneven stress or failing due to inadequate anchoring.

[0082] Furthermore, in processes such as tunnel excavation and underground chamber construction, the stress distribution of the surrounding rock is complex, and the construction space is limited. If the support rod 318 encounters incompletely blasted rock blocks during its extension, it is highly susceptible to deformation. This device can quickly warn of abnormal pressure, helping construction personnel to adjust the anchoring strategy in a timely manner in confined spaces, thus avoiding the impact on construction progress and support effectiveness due to support rod damage.

[0083] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active obstacle avoidance, tree root-like anti-fall anchor rod with replaceable and independently movable support rods, characterized in that, It includes an anchor bolt mechanism (1), an anchor support mechanism (3), a prompting mechanism (4), a miniature pressure sensor (5), and an independent lifting mechanism (6). Among them, the anchor bolt mechanism (1) includes a main anchor bolt (101); the main anchor bolt (101) is equipped with an anchoring support mechanism (3) and an independent lifting mechanism (6). The anchoring support mechanism (3) includes a hydraulic oil tank (301) and multiple support rods (318). The multiple support rods (318) are mechanically connected to each diverter box (307) in sequence through a diagonal brace tube (308), a piston disc (310), and a docking sleeve (313) that docks with the piston disc (310), so as to realize the extension and retraction functions of the support rods (318). The independent lifting mechanism (6) can control multiple diversion boxes (307) to adjust their height respectively, thereby providing an individual lifting function for each support rod (318); The alerting mechanism (4) includes a sensor controller (401), a display screen (402), and an indicator light (403) for externally indicating whether the pressure on the anchor rod exceeds a set threshold. A miniature pressure sensor (5) is located at the tip of each support rod (318). The miniature pressure sensor (5) is electrically connected to the indicator mechanism (4) through a sensing circuit, so as to monitor the tip compression pressure in real time and accurately during the extension and anchoring process of the support rod (318). When the sensor detects that the compression pressure caused by the solid foreign object exceeds the set threshold, the pressure signal will be quickly transmitted to the sensor controller (401). The built-in processing module of the sensor controller (401) analyzes and judges the pressure signal, so that the indicator light (403) corresponding to the miniature pressure sensor (5) lights up immediately to warn.

2. The active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring support mechanism (3) includes a hydraulic oil tank (301), an oil circuit connecting pipe (303) is fixedly connected to the top of the hydraulic oil tank (301), a hydraulic oil pump (304) is fixedly connected to the other end of the oil circuit connecting pipe (303), a connector (305) is provided on the top of the hydraulic oil pump (304), a connecting valve (306) is provided on the connector (305), a telescopic hose (322) is fixedly connected to the top of the connector (305), a flow divider box (307) is fixedly connected to the other end of the telescopic hose (322), and several diagonal support pipes (308) are evenly distributed around the outer side of the flow divider box (307); a piston disc (310) is provided on the inner side of the diagonal support pipe (308), a docking sleeve (313) is provided on the piston disc (310), a third threaded joint (317) is threadedly connected to the inner side of the docking sleeve (313), and a support rod (318) is installed on the third threaded joint (317); The hydraulic oil pump (304) works in conjunction with the oil circuit connecting pipe (303) to extract the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil tank (301), and then delivers it to the distribution box (307) through the connector (305) and connecting valve (306) for even distribution. Finally, it pushes the piston disc (310) to move outward and drives the support rod (318) to extend further outward, which is conducive to the support rod (318) extending and embedding into the foundation soil to achieve a stable installation. The reverse operation can realize the retraction function, thus realizing the extension and retraction function of the support rod (318).

3. The active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The independent lifting mechanism (6) includes a pressure tank (601), a pressure pump (602) is provided at the bottom of the pressure tank (601), and several air valves (603) are evenly distributed on the outside of the pressure pump (602). One end of the air valve (603) is connected to a pneumatic lifting rod (604), and the output end of the pneumatic lifting rod (604) is connected to the top of the diversion box (307). Several lifting guide grooves (106) are evenly opened through the outer wall of the main anchor rod (101). The air pressure is released and collected by the air pressure tank (601) by the air pressure pump (602), and the air pressure output is controlled by the air valve (603) to realize the extension and retraction adjustment of the pneumatic lifting rod (604). This facilitates the height adjustment of the diversion box (307), so that each support rod (318) can slide up and down along the lifting guide groove (106) to different positions to adjust the support force in different directions and avoid soil obstacles.

4. The active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support rod (318) has a sliding guide groove (319) on its side. A limit pin (321) is slidably connected to the inner side of the sliding guide groove (319). One end of the limit pin (321) is inserted into the second insertion groove (320). One end of the mating sleeve (313) has a first insertion groove (314). One end of the limit pin (321) is inserted into the inner side of the first insertion groove (314). A support pad ring (315) is provided between the mating sleeve (313) and the third threaded joint (317). Several anti-slip ridges (316) are evenly distributed on the surface of the support pad ring (315) along the circumferential direction. The guide groove (319) provides a sliding installation position for the limiting pin (321), which facilitates the use of the limiting pin (321) to slide through the inner side of the second insertion groove (320) after docking, and then insert and connect to the inner side of the first insertion groove (314), thereby achieving a stable insertion connection. When replacement or disassembly is required, the anchor rod can be pulled out as a whole by retracting the support rod (318), and then extended out again and pulled out through the limit pin (321). Then, the support rod (318) can be rotated to disassemble and replace it.

5. The active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that, A limiting ring (309) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the diagonal bracing tube (308), and a connecting sleeve (313) is embedded in the inner side of the limiting ring (309) to provide a limiting and anti-detachment function during the extension process; The outer wall of the piston disc (310) is provided with several sealing rings (311), which are all attached to the inner wall of the inclined support tube (308) to prevent hydraulic oil from leaking out. The piston disc (310) has a push disc (312) at its bottom end. The outer side of the push disc (312) is movably connected to the inner wall of the inclined support tube (308) to transmit thrust while sealing.

6. The active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, An extension mechanism (2) is provided at the top of the anchor bolt mechanism (1). The extension mechanism (2) includes an extension rod body (204). A threaded connector (205) is provided at the bottom of the extension rod body (204). The outer side of the threaded connector (205) is threadedly connected to the top of the inner side of the main anchor bolt (101). A top plate (201) is provided at the top of the extension rod body (204). Several through holes (202) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the top plate (201). A second threaded connector (203) is installed at the bottom of the top plate (201). The extension mechanism (2) realizes the extension function, thereby adapting to operations at different depths.

7. The active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support frame (302) is symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of the hydraulic oil tank (301). The support frame (302) is located at the bottom inner side of the main anchor rod (101). The bottom of the main anchor rod (101) is threadedly connected to a first threaded joint (102). An anchoring tip (103) is provided at the bottom of the first threaded joint (102) to facilitate increasing the penetration force of the anchor rod in the soil through the anchoring tip (103).

8. The active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-falling anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, An installation ring (104) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the main anchor rod (101). Several support blocks (105) are evenly distributed around the top of the installation ring (104) along the circumferential direction. The support blocks (105) are all fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main anchor rod (101). An inner support rod is installed at the bottom of the inner side of the installation ring (104). The inner support rod is installed on the top of the diversion box (307). The inner support rod is located between the installation ring (104) and the diversion box (307) to provide a stable installation support effect.

9. The application of the active obstacle avoidance tree root anti-fall anchor bolt according to any one of claims 1-8 in construction engineering.

10. A method for anchoring using the active obstacle avoidance, tree root-like anti-falling anchor bolt as described in any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, include: S1. Drive the anchor bolt into the soil; S2. Adjusting support strength and avoiding obstacles: The independent lifting mechanism (6) includes a pressure tank (601), a pressure pump (602) is provided at the bottom of the pressure tank (601), and several air valves (603) are evenly distributed on the outside of the pressure pump (602). One end of the air valve (603) is connected to a pneumatic lifting rod (604), and the output end of the pneumatic lifting rod (604) is connected to the top of the diversion box (307); several lifting guide grooves (106) are evenly opened through the outer wall of the main anchor rod (101); The air pressure is released and collected by the air pressure tank (601) by the air pressure pump (602), and the air pressure output is controlled by the air valve (603) to realize the extension and retraction adjustment of the pneumatic lifting rod (604). This facilitates the height adjustment of the diversion box (307), so that each support rod (318) can slide up and down to different positions along the lifting guide groove (106) to adjust the support force in different directions and avoid soil obstacles. S3. Adjusting the extension and retraction of the support rod (318): The hydraulic oil pump (304) works in conjunction with the oil circuit connecting pipe (303) to extract the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil tank (301), and then delivers it to the distribution box (307) through the connector (305) and connecting valve (306) for even distribution and flow. Finally, it pushes the piston disc (310) to move outward and drives the support rod (318) to extend further outward, which is conducive to the support rod (318) extending and embedding into the foundation soil to achieve a stable installation. The reverse operation can realize the retraction function, thus realizing the extension and retraction function of the support rod (318).

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