Laser-controlled tunnel back break directional guiding device and using method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a laser-controlled tunnel back break directional guiding device and a using method.The laser-controlled tunnel back break directional guiding device comprises an electric telescopic rod, the outer surface of the lower end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a fixing ring, the upper end of the electric telescopic rod is rotationally connected with a base, and a positioning plate is arranged below the base; the outer side face of the positioning plate is rotationally connected with connecting rods in an array mode. According to the guiding device, through cooperative work of the high-precision angle encoder integrated by the total station and the horizontally-arranged laser range finder, annular scanning and data collection of the tunnel face can be rapidly completed, an actual form digital model is constructed through coordinate conversion operation of the controller, the efficiency of data collection and deviation judgment is greatly improved, and the working efficiency is improved. In addition, the design contour and the deviation area can be visually presented through laser projection, constructors are helped to accurately control the tunneling direction, overexcavation waste and undercut rework are effectively reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and the tunnel construction quality and progress are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of underground engineering projects such as hydraulic tunnels and traffic tunnels, especially in sensitive construction areas such as karst development areas, soft rock strata, or adjacent reservoir dams and existing buildings, the precise control of the tunnel excavation outline has always been the core challenge to ensure project quality, safety and efficiency. For a long time, the industry has mainly relied on traditional manual layout and simple laser guidance technology to achieve excavation guidance, but its technical limitations are no longer suitable for the needs of modern engineering for high-precision and high-efficiency construction.

[0003] The guidance equipment used in existing tunnel construction mostly uses simple mechanical structures for attitude adjustment, lacking targeted synchronous error compensation design and real-time monitoring and dynamic correction mechanisms. Under the influence of complex working conditions such as tunnel construction vibration and installation deviation, core measuring equipment such as total stations are prone to horizontal deviation. Traditional adjustment structures are difficult to achieve micro-amplitude high-precision correction, and synchronous adjustment errors often exceed 0.5mm / m, resulting in unstable measurement reference attitude. This problem directly causes systematic deviations in subsequent measurement data, creating hidden dangers for over-excavation and under-excavation control, and failing to meet the core requirement of ±5mm-level measurement accuracy in modern tunnel construction.

[0004] In traditional construction, surveyors need to manually mark axis points and outlines on the working face using equipment such as total stations and levels. This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but the marked points are also easily destroyed during drilling, blasting, or mechanical excavation, resulting in the loss of accurate references for subsequent excavation. At the same time, during the manual reading, calculation, and marking process, factors such as insufficient lighting in the construction environment, dust interference, and differences in personnel operating experience can affect the layout error, which far exceeds the accuracy requirements allowed by the specifications, directly causing the excavation outline to deviate from the design.

[0005] Furthermore, the fixed-point laser guidance systems currently used in tunnel construction can only control the tunnel height and width through three laser points at the top of the axis and the two side waistlines, lacking effective guidance for key areas such as the shoulder of the arched cross-section, the arch foot, and the center of the bottom arch. In actual construction, these areas are prone to over-excavation or under-excavation: over-excavation leads to an increase in the amount of subsequent concrete lining and also increases the amount of excavated soil to be transported; under-excavation requires secondary manual chiseling, which not only consumes a lot of manpower but may also damage the stability of the surrounding rock and induce the risk of collapse.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device and its usage method. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on the existing technical problems of low accuracy, long time consumption, and easy deviation of blasting and excavation from the design outline, resulting in over-excavation and under-excavation, this invention proposes a laser-controlled tunnel over-excavation and under-excavation directional guidance device and its usage method.

[0008] This invention proposes a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device, comprising an electric telescopic rod, a fixing ring fixedly connected to the lower outer surface of the electric telescopic rod, a base rotatably connected to the upper end of the electric telescopic rod, a positioning plate disposed below the base, a connecting rod rotatably connected to the outer side of the positioning plate, one end of the connecting rod being rotatably connected to the ring body of the fixing ring, a total station disposed above the base, a high-precision laser rangefinder disposed horizontally on one side of the total station, and an adjustment mechanism disposed between the base and the total station; The adjustment mechanism is used to perform fine-tuning of the horizontal angle of the total station.

[0009] Preferably, the base has a mounting groove at its center. The adjustment mechanism includes an array of convex seats surrounding the mounting groove. A mounting plate is slidably inserted into the upper surface of the convex seats. A servo motor is embedded in the inner wall of the mounting groove. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to a main gear via a spline. The main gear is located above the mounting plate. The lower end of the main gear is rotatably connected to the center of the mounting plate via a bearing. A driven gear is meshed on the surface of the main gear. The lower end of the driven gear is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate via a bearing. A lifting gear is meshed on the surface of the driven gear. A main bearing is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the lifting gear. The main bearing is embedded in the mounting plate. A lifting device is rotatably connected to the center of the lifting gear.

[0010] Preferably, the lifting device includes a pneumatic chuck, a main threaded rod is provided at the center of the pneumatic chuck, a main sleeve is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the main threaded rod, the outer surface of the main sleeve does not contact the inner wall of the lifting gear at the center, a secondary sleeve is slidably connected to the inner wall of the main sleeve, a threaded sleeve is provided on the inner bottom wall of the secondary sleeve, and an auxiliary tube is slidably connected to the inner wall of the secondary sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the inner wall and outer surface of the threaded sleeve are both provided with threads, and the threads on the inner wall are adapted to the threads on the outer surface of the main threaded rod, and the inner bottom wall of the auxiliary tube is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the slave sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, a laser sensor is provided on one side of each of the lifting gears, and each laser sensor is facing the fixing plate at the lower end of the total station.

[0013] Preferably, the total station integrates a high-precision angle encoder, and the total station is equipped with a controller.

[0014] Preferably, the controller incorporates a real-time horizontal offset calculation model. This model, combined with the output angle θ of the total station's angle encoder, the measured distance L of the laser rangefinder, the offset δ of the fixed plate at the lower end of the total station detected by the laser sensor, and the gear ratio i of the adjustment mechanism, calculates the real-time horizontal offset of the total station using the following formula. ,in This is the reference extension / retraction amount of the electric telescopic pole. The horizontal deflection angle detected by the angle encoder. The distance to the tunnel end face measured by the laser rangefinder. The vertical offset of the lower fixing plate of the total station, as monitored by the laser sensor. The transmission ratio between the primary gear and the driven gear is given.

[0015] Preferably, the plurality of lifting devices of the adjusting mechanism employ synchronous error compensation control, and the controller uses a formula... Calculate the synchronization compensation amount of each lifting device, and adjust the output speed of the corresponding servo motor in real time to ensure that the synchronization accuracy of the total station's horizontal adjustment is ≤0.02mm / m. The number of arrays of the lifting devices. The actual lifting amount of the nth lifting device. The target lifting amount of the lifting device. The transmission efficiency between the lifting gear and the main threaded rod ranges from 0.92 to 0.98. Let n be the real-time pressure value of the nth pneumatic chuck. This is the reference pressure value for the pneumatic chuck.

[0016] Preferably, the controller integrates a real-time calculation module for over- and under-excavation of the tunnel cross-section, which calculates the over- and under-excavation of the corresponding cross-section using a formula. , taking one of the values The actual coordinates of the i-th sampling point on the tunnel end face measured by the total station are: Let k be the coordinates of the i-th sampling point on the tunnel design end face, and k be the laser ranging correction coefficient. Angle encoder resolution.

[0017] Preferably, a method for using a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Fix the lower end of the electric telescopic rod to the pre-set fixed base on the tunnel working face, adjust the telescopic length of the electric telescopic rod to initially calibrate the overall support height, and then unfold the array connecting rod between the fixing ring and the positioning plate to complete the initial horizontal positioning of the base, ensuring that the adjustment mechanism and total station above the base are in a initially stable support state. Step 2: When the dual-axis level on the side of the total station detects that the total station is not in a level position, it transmits a signal to the controller. The controller then controls the servo motor to rotate. Initially, none of the pneumatic chucks are in contact with the main threaded rod. Based on the data sent by the dual-axis level, it is determined that the height of the specific adjustment point is insufficient, causing the total station to deviate in the horizontal angle. The controller then further controls the pneumatic chucks to work. When the pneumatic chucks clamp the main threaded rod, the lifting gear drives the pneumatic chucks and the main threaded rod to rotate together. Under the action of the threaded structure, they slowly rise from the sleeve, threaded sleeve, and auxiliary tube until the total station reaches the preset level position. Step 3: After the total station completes the horizontal calibration, the controller triggers the data acquisition command. The total station performs a circular scan of the tunnel face around the base. At the same time, a high-precision laser rangefinder horizontally set on one side of the total station measures the straight-line distance from each sampling point on the tunnel face to the total station in real time. Simultaneously, the high-precision angle encoder integrated into the total station records the horizontal deflection angle corresponding to each sampling point. After receiving the distance data from the laser rangefinder and the angle data from the angle encoder, the controller generates the actual three-dimensional coordinates of each sampling point on the tunnel face through coordinate transformation calculation. After integrating the coordinates of all sampling points, a digital model of the actual shape of the tunnel face is constructed.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By setting up an adjustment mechanism, high-precision micro-adjustment of the total station's horizontal attitude can be achieved. At the same time, a laser sensor is equipped to monitor the offset of the lower fixed plate of the total station in real time. Combined with the synchronous error compensation algorithm of the controller, the action accuracy of each lifting device can be dynamically adjusted to ensure that the synchronous adjustment error of multiple lifting devices is ≤0.02mm / m. This effectively corrects the horizontal offset of the total station caused by tunnel construction vibration and installation deviation, providing a stable and accurate reference attitude for subsequent face measurement and over- and under-excavation calculation. It solves the problems of poor synchronization and insufficient adjustment accuracy of traditional adjustment structures, which make it difficult to adapt to the high-precision construction requirements of tunnels.

[0019] 2. By setting up a high-precision angle encoder integrated into the total station and working in conjunction with a horizontally positioned laser rangefinder, the circular scanning and data acquisition of the tunnel face can be completed quickly. The actual shape digital model is constructed through the coordinate transformation calculation of the controller. At the same time, combined with the coordinates of the tunnel design section, the over-excavation and under-excavation calculation module generates accurate deviation data, providing a quantitative basis for tunneling construction. The entire process requires no manual intervention, which not only greatly improves the efficiency of data acquisition and deviation judgment, but also intuitively presents the design outline and deviation area through laser projection, helping construction personnel to accurately control the tunneling direction, effectively reduce over-excavation waste and under-excavation rework, reduce construction costs, and improve the quality and progress of tunnel construction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the adjustment mechanism of a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a servo motor position diagram for a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the lifting gear of a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a front view of the lifting gear of a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device proposed in this invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the lifting device of a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device proposed in this invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Electric telescopic pole; 2. Fixing ring; 3. Connecting rod; 4. Positioning plate; 5. Base; 50. Mounting slot; 6. Total station; 7. Adjustment mechanism; 71. Convex seat; 72. Mounting plate; 73. Servo motor; 74. Main gear; 75. Driven gear; 76. Lifting gear; 77. Lifting device; 771. Pneumatic chuck; 772. Main threaded rod; 773. Main sleeve; 774. Driven sleeve; 775. Threaded sleeve; 776. Auxiliary pipe; 78. Main bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0023] Reference Figures 1-7 A laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device includes an electric telescopic rod 1, a fixing ring 2 fixedly connected to the lower outer surface of the electric telescopic rod 1, a base 5 rotatably connected to the upper end of the electric telescopic rod 1, a positioning plate 4 disposed below the base 5, a connecting rod 3 rotatably connected to the outer side of the positioning plate 4, one end of the connecting rod 3 rotatably connected to the ring body of the fixing ring 2, a total station 6 disposed above the base 5, a high-precision laser rangefinder disposed horizontally on one side of the total station 6, and an adjustment mechanism 7 disposed between the base 5 and the total station 6.

[0024] The adjustment mechanism 7 is used to make fine adjustments to the horizontal angle of the total station 6.

[0025] In this embodiment, a mounting groove 50 is provided at the center of the base 5. The adjustment mechanism 7 includes a convex seat 71 arranged in an array around the mounting groove 50. A mounting plate 72 is slidably inserted into the upper surface of the convex seat 71. A servo motor 73 is embedded in the inner wall of the mounting groove 50. The output shaft of the servo motor 73 is connected to a main gear 74 via a spline. The main gear 74 is located above the mounting plate 72. The lower end of the main gear 74 is rotatably connected to the center of the mounting plate 72 via a bearing. A driven gear 75 is meshed in an array on the surface of the main gear 74. The lower end of the driven gear 75 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate 72 via a bearing. A lifting gear 76 is meshed on the surface of the driven gear 75. A main bearing 78 is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the lifting gear 76. The main bearing 78 is embedded in the plate body of the mounting plate 72. A lifting device 77 is rotatably connected to the center of the lifting gear 76.

[0026] Specifically, the convex seats 71 are evenly distributed in an array along the circumference of the mounting groove 50. The mounting plate 72 is fixed in the horizontal direction through the sliding insertion structure of the convex seats 71. The meshing transmission ratio of the main gear 74, the driven gear 75, and the lifting gear 76 is precisely calibrated to ensure that the speed of the servo motor 73 can be stably converted into the lifting of the lifting device 77. The main bearing 78 provides stable support for the lifting gear 76 to avoid radial offset during rotation and ensure the smoothness of the adjustment action.

[0027] In this embodiment, the lifting device 77 includes a pneumatic chuck 771, a main threaded rod 772 is provided at the center of the pneumatic chuck 771, a main sleeve 773 is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the main threaded rod 772, the outer surface of the main sleeve 773 does not contact the inner wall at the center of the lifting gear 76, a secondary sleeve 774 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the main sleeve 773, a threaded sleeve 775 is provided on the inner bottom wall of the secondary sleeve 774, and an auxiliary tube 776 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the secondary sleeve 774.

[0028] Specifically, the pneumatic chuck 771 adopts a three-jaw clamping structure, which can fit tightly with the outer surface of the main thread rod 772 when clamping, ensuring that the torque transmission is free from slippage. When releasing, it maintains a preset gap with the main thread rod 772 to avoid interfering with the rotation of the main thread rod 772 in the absence of horizontal adjustment. The upper end of the auxiliary tube 776 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate at the lower end of the total station 6.

[0029] In this embodiment, the inner wall and outer surface of the threaded sleeve 775 are both provided with threads, and the threads provided on the inner wall are adapted to the threads on the outer surface of the main threaded rod 772. The inner bottom wall of the auxiliary tube 776 is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the sleeve 774.

[0030] Specifically, the threaded sleeve 775 is made of high-strength alloy material, and the thread profile and pitch of the inner wall thread are perfectly matched with those of the main thread rod 772. The thread on the inner bottom wall of the auxiliary tube 776 and the thread on the outer surface of the sleeve 774 are designed with fine threads, taking into account both adjustment accuracy and connection strength. When the main thread rod 772 rotates, the threaded sleeve 775 drives the sleeve 774 to slide along the inner wall of the main sleeve 773. At the same time, the extension length of the auxiliary tube 776 can be further finely adjusted according to actual adjustment needs to achieve multi-level precise lifting and lowering.

[0031] In this embodiment, a laser sensor is provided on one side of each lifting gear 76, and each laser sensor faces the fixing plate at the lower end of the total station 6.

[0032] Specifically, the laser sensor adopts a non-contact ranging principle. The laser beam it emits is perpendicular to the lower surface of the fixed plate at the bottom of the total station 6. The measurement accuracy can reach 0.01mm. It collects the change in the vertical distance between the fixed plate and the laser sensor's emitting end in real time, and then converts it into the vertical offset δ of the fixed plate.

[0033] In this embodiment, the total station 6 integrates a high-precision angle encoder, and the total station 6 is equipped with a controller.

[0034] Specifically, the high-precision angle encoder has an angle resolution of ≤0.5″, which can capture the minute horizontal deflection angle during the total station's 6-scan process in real time. The data sampling frequency is ≥100Hz, ensuring the continuity of the angle data at the sampling points. The controller adopts an industrial-grade embedded chip and has a multi-channel data acquisition interface. It can simultaneously receive real-time data from multiple components such as the laser rangefinder, laser sensor, angle encoder, and pressure sensor of the pneumatic chuck 771, and the response delay is ≤10ms, ensuring the rapid issuance of control commands.

[0035] In this embodiment, the controller has a built-in real-time horizontal offset calculation model. Combining the angle θ output by the angle encoder of the total station 6, the distance L measured by the laser rangefinder, the offset δ of the fixed plate at the lower end of the total station 6 detected by the laser sensor, and the gear transmission ratio i of the adjustment mechanism 7, the real-time horizontal offset of the total station 6 is calculated using the following formula. ,in This is the reference extension / retraction amount for electric telescopic pole 1. The horizontal deflection angle detected by the angle encoder. The distance to the tunnel end face is measured by a laser rangefinder. The vertical offset of the lower fixed plate of the total station 6, monitored by the laser sensor. The transmission ratio between the master gear 74 and the driven gear 75.

[0036] Specifically, the calculation model achieves real-time iterative calculation through the hardware computing unit of the controller. The distance L of the tunnel end face measured by the laser rangefinder is the straight-line distance measurement data, the vertical offset δ of the fixed plate monitored by the laser sensor is the dynamic value, and the transmission ratio i between the main gear 74 and the driven gear 75 is a fixed calibration value. By integrating multi-dimensional data such as angle, distance, and offset, the model eliminates the influence of measurement error of a single sensor and ensures that the absolute error of the horizontal offset calculation result is ≤0.02mm.

[0037] In this embodiment, the multiple lifting devices 77 of the adjusting mechanism 7 adopt synchronous error compensation control, and the controller uses a formula... Calculate the synchronization compensation of each lifting device, and adjust the output speed of the corresponding servo motor 73 in real time to ensure that the synchronization accuracy of the total station 6 horizontal adjustment is ≤0.02mm / m. This refers to the number of arrays of lifting devices 77. The actual lifting amount of the nth lifting device. The target lifting amount for lifting device 77. The transmission efficiency between the lifting gear 76 and the main threaded rod 772 is between 0.92 and 0.98. Let be the real-time pressure value of the nth pneumatic chuck 771. This is the reference pressure value for the pneumatic chuck.

[0038] Specifically, the number of arrays of multiple lifting devices 77 corresponds one-to-one with the number of driven gears 75 and lifting gears 76, and the controller collects the pressure feedback value of each pneumatic chuck 771 in real time. To determine the clamping stability of the chuck on the main threaded rod 772, when... Deviation from reference pressure When the error is ±10%, the compensation amount is automatically adjusted to calculate the weight, and the transmission efficiency is improved. Multiple sets of parameters are preset according to actual working conditions to ensure synchronous compensation. The calculation can be adapted to different construction environments, and finally the synchronization deviation of the lifting actions of multiple lifting devices 77 is ≤0.01mm / m.

[0039] In this embodiment, the controller integrates a real-time calculation module for over-excavation and under-excavation of the tunnel cross-section, which calculates the over-excavation and under-excavation of the corresponding cross-section using a formula. , taking one of the values The actual coordinates of the i-th sampling point on the tunnel end face measured by total station 6. Let k be the coordinates of the i-th sampling point on the tunnel design end face, and k be the laser ranging correction coefficient. Angle encoder resolution.

[0040] Specifically, the coordinates of the i-th sampling point on the tunnel design end face Pre-imported data is stored in the controller's memory, supporting batch import and single-point modification; the laser ranging correction coefficient k is automatically calibrated based on real-time temperature and humidity data within the tunnel, triggering a calibration every 5°C change in temperature or every 10% change in humidity; the angle encoder resolution... These are factory calibration parameters, directly stored in the controller. The module measures the over- or under-digging amount at each sampling point. Continuous calculations are performed to form a complete distribution map of over-excavation and under-excavation of tunnel sections, providing precise regional guidance for tunneling construction.

[0041] Reference Figures 1-7 A method for using a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix the lower end of the electric telescopic rod 1 to the fixed base set in the tunnel working face, adjust the telescopic length of the electric telescopic rod 1 to initially calibrate the overall support height, then unfold the array connecting rod 3 between the fixing ring 2 and the positioning plate 4 to complete the initial horizontal positioning of the base 5, and ensure that the adjustment mechanism 7 and the total station 6 above the base 5 are in a initially stable support state. Step 2: When the dual-axis level on the side of the total station 6 detects that the total station 6 is not in a horizontal state, it transmits a signal to the controller, which controls the servo motor 73 to rotate. Initially, none of the pneumatic chucks 771 are in contact with the main threaded rod 772. Based on the data sent by the dual-axis level, it is determined that the height of the specific adjustment point is insufficient, causing the horizontal angle of the total station 6 to deviate. The controller then further controls the pneumatic chucks 771 to work. When the pneumatic chucks 771 clamp the main threaded rod 772, the lifting gear 76 drives the pneumatic chucks 771 and the main threaded rod 772 to rotate together. Under the action of the threaded structure, the rod slowly rises from the sleeve 774, threaded sleeve 775 and auxiliary tube 776 until the total station 6 reaches the preset horizontal state. Step 3: After the total station 6 completes the horizontal calibration, the controller triggers the data acquisition command. The total station 6 performs a circular scan around the base 5 on the tunnel face. At the same time, a high-precision laser rangefinder horizontally set on one side of the total station 6 measures the straight-line distance from each sampling point on the tunnel face to the total station 6 in real time. Simultaneously, the high-precision angle encoder integrated in the total station 6 records the horizontal deflection angle corresponding to each sampling point. After receiving the distance data from the laser rangefinder and the angle data from the angle encoder, the controller generates the actual three-dimensional coordinates of each sampling point on the tunnel face through coordinate transformation calculation. After integrating the coordinates of all sampling points, a digital model of the actual shape of the tunnel face is constructed.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device, characterized in that: The device includes an electric telescopic rod (1), with a fixed ring (2) fixedly connected to the lower outer surface of the electric telescopic rod (1), and a base (5) rotatably connected to the upper end of the electric telescopic rod (1). A positioning plate (4) is provided below the base (5), and a connecting rod (3) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the positioning plate (4). One end of the connecting rod (3) is rotatably connected to the ring body of the fixed ring (2). A total station (6) is provided above the base (5), and a high-precision laser rangefinder is provided horizontally on one side of the total station (6). An adjustment mechanism (7) is provided between the base (5) and the total station (6). The adjustment mechanism (7) is used to perform fine-tuning of the horizontal angle of the total station (6).

2. The laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (5) has a mounting groove (50) at its center. The adjustment mechanism (7) includes an array of convex seats (71) arranged around the mounting groove (50). A mounting plate (72) is slidably inserted into the upper surface of the convex seat (71). A servo motor (73) is embedded in the inner wall of the mounting groove (50). The output shaft of the servo motor (73) is connected to a main gear (74) via a spline. The main gear (74) is located above the mounting plate (72). The lower end of the main gear (74) is connected to the mounting plate (72) via a bearing. The mounting plate (72) is rotatably connected at its center. The surface array of the main gear (74) is meshed with the driven gear (75). The lower end of the driven gear (75) is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the mounting plate (72) through a bearing. The surface of the driven gear (75) is meshed with the lifting gear (76). The lower surface of the lifting gear (76) is rotatably connected to the main bearing (78). The main bearing (78) is embedded in the plate body of the mounting plate (72). The lifting device (77) is rotatably connected at the center of the lifting gear (76).

3. A laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting device (77) includes a pneumatic chuck (771), a main threaded rod (772) is provided at the center of the pneumatic chuck (771), a main sleeve (773) is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the main threaded rod (772), the outer surface of the main sleeve (773) does not contact the inner wall at the center of the lifting gear (76), a secondary sleeve (774) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the main sleeve (773), a threaded sleeve (775) is provided on the inner bottom wall of the secondary sleeve (774), and an auxiliary tube (776) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the secondary sleeve (774).

4. A laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall and outer surface of the threaded sleeve (775) are both provided with threads, and the threads provided on the inner wall are adapted to the threads on the outer surface of the main threaded rod (772). The inner bottom wall of the auxiliary tube (776) is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the slave sleeve (774).

5. A laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the lifting gears (76) is provided with a laser sensor on one side, and each of the laser sensors is facing the fixing plate at the lower end of the total station (6).

6. A laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The total station (6) integrates a high-precision angle encoder, and the total station (6) is equipped with a controller.

7. A laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The controller has a built-in real-time horizontal offset calculation model. Combining the angle θ output by the angle encoder of the total station (6), the distance L measured by the laser rangefinder, the offset δ of the fixed plate at the lower end of the total station (6) detected by the laser sensor, and the gear transmission ratio i of the adjustment mechanism (7), the real-time horizontal offset of the total station (6) is calculated using the following formula. ,in The reference extension / retraction amount of the electric telescopic rod (1) is given. The horizontal deflection angle detected by the angle encoder. The distance to the tunnel end face measured by the laser rangefinder. The vertical offset of the lower fixed plate of the total station (6) monitored by the laser sensor. The transmission ratio between the main gear (74) and the driven gear (75) is given.

8. A laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multiple lifting devices (77) of the regulating mechanism (7) are controlled by synchronous error compensation, and the controller uses the formula Calculate the synchronous compensation amount of each lifting device, and adjust the output speed of the corresponding servo motor (73) in real time to ensure that the synchronization accuracy of the horizontal adjustment of the total station (6) is ≤0.02mm / m. The number of arrays of the lifting devices (77) The actual lifting amount of the nth lifting device. The target lifting amount of the lifting device (77) is... The transmission efficiency between the lifting gear (76) and the main threaded rod (772) ranges from 0.92 to 0.

98. The real-time pressure value of the nth pneumatic chuck (771) is... This is the reference pressure value for the pneumatic chuck.

9. A laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The controller integrates a real-time calculation module for over- and under-excavation of tunnel sections, which calculates the over- and under-excavation amounts of the corresponding sections using formulas. , taking one of the values The actual coordinates of the i-th sampling point on the tunnel end face measured by the total station (6) are: Let k be the coordinates of the i-th sampling point on the tunnel design end face, and k be the laser ranging correction coefficient. Angle encoder resolution.

10. The method of using a laser-controlled tunnel over- and under-excavation directional guidance device according to claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix the lower end of the electric telescopic rod (1) to the fixed base set in the tunnel working face, adjust the telescopic length of the electric telescopic rod (1) to initially calibrate the overall support height, and then unfold the array connecting rod (3) between the fixed ring (2) and the positioning plate (4) to complete the initial horizontal positioning of the base (5) and ensure that the adjustment mechanism (7) and the total station (6) above the base (5) are in a preliminary stable support state. Step 2: When the dual-axis level instrument on the side of the total station (6) detects that the total station (6) is not in a horizontal state, it transmits the signal to the controller, which controls the servo motor (73) to rotate. Initially, none of the pneumatic chucks (771) are in contact with the main thread rod (772). The data sent by the dual-axis level instrument indicates that the height of the specific adjustment point is insufficient, causing the horizontal angle of the total station (6) to deviate. The controller then further controls the pneumatic chuck (771) to work. When the pneumatic chuck (771) clamps the main thread rod (772), the lifting gear (76) drives the pneumatic chuck (771) and the main thread rod (772) to rotate together. Under the action of the thread structure, the threaded sleeve (774), threaded sleeve (775) and auxiliary tube (776) slowly rise until the total station (6) reaches the preset horizontal state. Step 3: After the total station (6) completes the horizontal calibration, the controller triggers the data acquisition command. The total station (6) performs a circular scan around the base (5) on the tunnel face. At the same time, the high-precision laser rangefinder set horizontally on one side of the total station (6) measures the straight distance from each sampling point on the tunnel face to the total station (6) in real time. At the same time, the high-precision angle encoder integrated in the total station (6) records the horizontal deflection angle corresponding to each sampling point. After receiving the distance data from the laser rangefinder and the angle data from the angle encoder, the controller generates the actual three-dimensional coordinates of each sampling point on the tunnel face through coordinate transformation calculation. After integrating the coordinates of all sampling points, a digital model of the actual shape of the tunnel face is constructed.

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