Basin green carbon library construction method and device based on evaluation-feedback regulation and control, and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a drainage basin green carbon library construction method and device based on evaluation-feedback regulation and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of green carbon libraries, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a core carbon data set under a drainage basin scale; simulating a net carbon sink estimated value through the ecosystem model of the process to obtain a net carbon reserve variation, and correcting an estimated value of the productivity of the net ecosystem according to a comparison result of the net carbon sink estimated value and the net carbon reserve variation to obtain a corrected watershed carbon sink potential; dividing the drainage basin into a plurality of green carbon reservoir functional areas based on the division standards of carbon reserves, carbon sink potential and carbon emission, and obtaining green carbon reservoir construction measures for different functional areas; and after the measures are implemented, obtaining drainage basin net ecosystem carbon balance trend evaluation data of each functional area, obtaining regulation and control feedback of each carbon library construction measure based on the change trend of the data, and further adjusting the carbon library construction measures. By adopting the green carbon library construction method provided by the invention, a feasible method can be provided for systematic construction of the green carbon library.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of green carbon pool technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and storage medium for constructing a watershed green carbon pool based on assessment-feedback regulation. Background Technology

[0003] The core objective system for building a green carbon pool mainly revolves around three key dimensions of carbon cycle regulation: First, strengthening carbon capture capacity and promoting ecosystems or artificial intervention systems to reach a state of "carbon capture saturation," that is, maximizing and stabilizing the amount of carbon captured per unit space or time; Second, reducing carbon emission intensity and gradually approaching the "green emission" benchmark through source control, technological innovation, and model optimization, that is, reducing carbon emission levels to a threshold range that is compatible with ecological carrying capacity and has no negative effects on the environment; Third, improving carbon storage efficiency and ultimately achieving "carbon storage saturation," ensuring that captured carbon can be safely and permanently stored.

[0004] However, research on green carbon pools still faces two major bottlenecks: First, the suitability assessment system for green carbon pool construction in specific regions (such as watersheds, urban agglomerations, and ecological functional zones) is still imperfect, lacking unified indicator thresholds, quantitative methods, and verification mechanisms, making it difficult to accurately assess and systematically compare the effectiveness of regional carbon pool construction. Second, there are significant deficiencies in the systematic construction methods for green carbon pools. Existing research mostly focuses on single carbon processes (such as vegetation carbon sequestration or industrial emission reduction), and has not yet formed a comprehensive technical framework and implementation path that covers the entire chain of "carbon capture-carbon emission reduction-carbon storage" and coordinates natural ecosystems and human intervention, which seriously hinders the transformation of green carbon pools from theoretical concepts to practical applications.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a watershed green carbon pool construction method based on assessment-feedback regulation, which aims to provide a feasible approach for the systematic construction of green carbon pools. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a method, apparatus and storage medium for constructing a watershed green carbon pool based on assessment-feedback regulation, so as to at least solve one of the problems in the prior art.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for constructing a watershed green carbon pool based on assessment-feedback regulation, the method comprising: Obtain core carbon datasets at the watershed scale, including watershed carbon storage, watershed carbon emissions, and watershed carbon sink potential characterized by net ecosystem productivity assessments. The net ecosystem productivity assessment value is obtained by simulating the process using an ecosystem model to estimate the net carbon sink of the watershed during the specified study period. The change in net carbon storage of the watershed during the specified study period is obtained based on the watershed carbon storage. The net ecosystem productivity assessment value is then corrected based on the comparison between the estimated net carbon sink value and the change in net carbon storage of the watershed, thus obtaining the corrected watershed carbon sink potential. Based on the respective classification standards of watershed carbon storage, modified watershed carbon sink potential, and watershed carbon emissions, the watershed is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones. Multi-objective collaborative carbon pool construction measures are obtained for different functional zones with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation. After the carbon pool construction measures are implemented, watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data for each functional zone will be acquired at a set frequency. Based on the trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold, the regulatory feedback of the carbon pool construction measures for different functional zones will be obtained, and the carbon pool construction measures will be adjusted according to the regulatory feedback.

[0008] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a watershed green carbon pool construction device based on assessment-feedback regulation, the construction device comprising: Memory is used to store executable instructions for a computer; A processor, used to implement the above-described technical solution reconfiguration method when executing computer-executable instructions stored in the memory.

[0009] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the construction method of the above-described technical solution.

[0010] Based on the green carbon pool construction method proposed in this application, the atmospheric carbon pool, aquatic ecosystem carbon pool, and terrestrial ecosystem carbon pool at the watershed scale are the three core research objects. Around the key dimensions of the green carbon pool, the watershed is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones. For different functional zones, multi-objective coordinated carbon pool construction measures are obtained, with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation. Based on the changing trends of the watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold, the regulatory feedback of the carbon pool construction measures in different functional zones is obtained. The carbon pool construction measures are adjusted according to the regulatory feedback to drive the sustainable growth of the green carbon pool.

[0011] Additional advantages, objectives, and features of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will in part become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the following description, or may be learned by practice of the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application can be realized and obtained by means of the structures specifically pointed out in the specification and drawings.

[0012] Those skilled in the art will understand that the purposes and advantages that can be achieved with this application are not limited to those specifically described above, and that the above and other purposes that this application can achieve will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale but are merely for illustrating the principles of this application. For ease of illustration and description of certain parts of this application, corresponding portions in the drawings may be enlarged, i.e., may appear larger relative to other components in an exemplary device actually manufactured according to this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a green carbon library construction method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of land use classification in a green carbon pool construction method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution pattern of watershed CASA carbon sinks over many years in a green carbon pool construction method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of watershed carbon storage zoning in a green carbon pool construction method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of watershed carbon sink zoning in a green carbon pool construction method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of watershed carbon emission zoning in a green carbon pool construction method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a green carbon library construction apparatus according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a green carbon library construction system according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments and their descriptions are used to explain this application, but are not intended to limit it.

[0015] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring this application with unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solution according to this application are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to this application are omitted.

[0016] It should be emphasized that the term "including / comprises" as used herein refers to the presence of a feature, element, step, or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, or components.

[0017] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the term "connection" in this article can refer not only to a direct connection, but also to an indirect connection involving an intermediary.

[0018] In the following description, embodiments of the present application will be illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same or similar parts, or the same or similar steps.

[0019] First, refer to Figure 1 A method 100 for constructing a green carbon library according to an embodiment of this application is described. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the green carbon library construction method 100 may include steps S110 to S140, as detailed below: In step S110, a core carbon dataset at the watershed scale is obtained, including watershed carbon storage, watershed carbon emissions, and watershed carbon sink potential characterized by an assessment of net ecosystem productivity.

[0020] In step S120, the net ecosystem productivity assessment value is used to obtain the estimated value of the watershed net carbon sink during the set study period through the process ecosystem model simulation. The watershed carbon storage change during the set study period is obtained based on the watershed carbon storage. The net ecosystem productivity assessment value is corrected based on the comparison between the estimated value of the watershed net carbon sink and the change in the watershed net carbon storage, and the corrected watershed carbon sink potential is obtained.

[0021] In step S130, the basin is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones based on the basin carbon storage, the modified basin carbon sink potential, and the basin carbon emissions, respectively. Multi-objective collaborative carbon pool construction measures are obtained for different functional zones with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation.

[0022] In step S140, after the carbon pool construction measures are implemented, the watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data of each functional zone is obtained at a set frequency. Based on the trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold, the regulation feedback of the carbon pool construction measures in different functional zones is obtained, and the carbon pool construction measures are adjusted according to the regulation feedback.

[0023] In the embodiments of this application, firstly, a core carbon dataset at the watershed scale is obtained, including watershed carbon storage, watershed carbon emissions, and watershed carbon sink potential characterized by an assessment of net ecosystem productivity. Then, based on the assessment of net ecosystem productivity, an estimated value of net carbon sink in the watershed is obtained through process-based ecosystem model simulation. Based on the watershed carbon storage, the change in net carbon storage in the watershed during the set study period is obtained. The assessment of net ecosystem productivity is then corrected based on the comparison between the estimated value of net carbon sink and the change in net carbon storage, resulting in the corrected watershed carbon sink. Potential; then, based on the respective classification standards of watershed carbon storage, modified watershed carbon sink potential, and watershed carbon emissions, the watershed is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones. For different functional zones, multi-objective coordinated carbon pool construction measures are obtained with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation. Finally, after the carbon pool construction measures are implemented, watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data are obtained for each functional zone at a set frequency. Based on the trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold, the regulation feedback of carbon pool construction measures in different functional zones is obtained, and the carbon pool construction measures are adjusted according to the regulation feedback.

[0024] As described above, the green carbon pool construction method according to the embodiments of this application takes the atmospheric carbon pool, aquatic ecosystem carbon pool, and terrestrial ecosystem carbon pool at the watershed scale as the three core research objects. Around the key dimensions of the green carbon pool, the watershed is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones. For different functional zones, multi-objective coordinated carbon pool construction measures are obtained, with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation. Based on the changing trend of the watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold, the regulatory feedback of the carbon pool construction measures in different functional zones is obtained. The carbon pool construction measures are adjusted according to the regulatory feedback to drive the sustainable growth of the green carbon pool.

[0025] The following will describe in detail the above steps of the green carbon library construction method according to the embodiments of this application.

[0026] In the embodiments of this application, step S100 involves obtaining a core carbon dataset at the watershed scale, including watershed carbon storage, watershed carbon emissions, and watershed carbon sink potential characterized by an assessment of net ecosystem productivity.

[0027] Specifically, in the implementation of watershed carbon storage assessment, for the four core carbon pools included in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems—above-ground vegetation carbon density, below-ground biomass carbon density, soil carbon density, and dead organic matter carbon density—it is necessary to first conduct field exploration around the 24 secondary land use types classified by the main watershed to obtain the average carbon pool density for each type. Figure 2A land use diagram is provided. During implementation, in addition to ensuring the accuracy and prior calibration of measuring instruments such as the caliper, electronic balance (accuracy 0.01g), and soil organic carbon analyzer (error ≤5%), the exploration area must be strictly matched (e.g., 30m × 30m) with the accuracy of land use types. This grid unit is used as the basic exploration unit. If there is mixed land use within the unit, the sampling sub-area should be reduced to ensure single land use correspondence. The design of sampling points must follow the principles of randomness and representativeness. Stratified random sampling is used to determine the number of sampling points based on land use area and heterogeneity (e.g., 3-5 sampling points per 10km² for dry land and forest, and 1-2 sampling points per 5km² for orchard). First, a vector layer containing coordinates, land types, and numbers of sampling points is generated using ArcGIS. After analyzing the uniformity of land types and adjusting the point positions using a 10m buffer, the coordinates of the sampling points are imported into the Ovi Space map during the field exploration. The GPS positioning function with an error of ≤5m is used for navigation. After arriving at the location, the consistency between the grid unit and the land type is confirmed, and photos are taken and recorded. The actual location is marked to form a traceability chain of design coordinates - field coordinates - land type photos. At the same time, three parallel samples are set for soil and litter samples. The sampling information is recorded using a unified record form and cross-checked. In this way, the carbon pool density of each secondary land type can be accurately explored, laying the foundation for watershed carbon storage assessment.

[0028] Monitoring of the four core carbon reservoirs of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (above-ground carbon density, underground biomass carbon density, soil carbon density, and dead organic matter carbon density) requires an "air-ground integrated" system. Accurate basic data can be obtained through on-site ground monitoring, and large-scale extrapolation can be achieved by combining remote sensing and model estimation. For aboveground vegetation carbon density, the core ground monitoring method is the sample plot survey method. Sample plots / plots are set up using random, systematic, or stratified sampling. In forest land (e.g., 30m×30m), the diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and tree species of each tree are measured and recorded. The biomass of a single tree is calculated using the allometric growth equation. For grassland and farmland (e.g., 1m×1m), the aboveground parts are harvested, dried, and weighed. The weight is then multiplied by a carbon conversion factor of 0.44~0.50 and divided by the sample plot area to obtain the carbon density, which is then converted to a 30m×30m plot. The mainstream method for underground biomass carbon density is the root-to-stem ratio method. First, the aboveground biomass is calculated, and the root-to-stem ratio (R) of the corresponding ecosystem and tree species is obtained by referring to IPCC guidelines, etc. Underground biomass = aboveground biomass × R, which is then converted to carbon density. Although the excavation method (digging up, cleaning, and weighing the whole tree) and the soil drilling method (collecting soil columns, separating the root system, and weighing) are direct, they are labor-intensive or have limited applicability. Remote sensing needs to indirectly estimate the carbon density by combining aboveground biomass with the root-to-stem ratio model. Ground-based monitoring of soil carbon density uses profile sampling and laboratory analysis as the gold standard. Sampling is conducted in layers at depths of 0-10cm and 10-20cm. After processing, organic carbon content is measured using the potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method or an elemental analyzer. Bulk density is measured using a ring sampler. The carbon density is calculated using the formula: "Carbon density (t C / ha) = SOC (%) × Bulk density (g / cm³) × Soil layer thickness (cm) × (1 - Gravel content %) × 100", and the results are summed for each layer. Near-ground sensing uses in-situ rapid measurement with visible-near-infrared spectroscopy. Due to the high water content of soil in the riparian zone, ring samplers must be used and the soil immediately sealed. During laboratory drying, free water must be removed before measuring the dry weight to calculate the bulk density. In the carbon density calculation of dead organic matter, litter is collected and dried (65-80℃) using a 1m×1m quadrat harvesting method, weighed, multiplied by the carbon conversion factor, and converted to 30m×30m dead wood using the volume conversion method. Dead wood that meets the standards (e.g., diameter >10cm) is surveyed and recorded. The length and diameter are measured to calculate the volume. The density is measured (or the default value is used) and the decay level is corrected. Biomass = volume × density × correction factor, then converted to carbon density. For small plots or movable dead wood, the weighing method can be used. All carbon density calculations must be combined with the corresponding carbon conversion factor.

[0029] Aquatic carbon pool density: The core of aquatic carbon pool is water carbon (dissolved organic carbon DOC, particulate organic carbon POC) and sediment carbon, which need to be monitored differently according to the type of aquatic water (river, lake, reservoir).

[0030] Water carbon density: Within secondary water categories (e.g., lakes and reservoirs), monitoring sections are set up using the "cross-section method" (three sections for rivers: upper, middle, and lower reaches; three sections for lakes / reservoirs: center, near shore, and inlet). Each section has three sampling points (e.g., surface 0.5m, middle layer, and bottom layer; for water depths <3m, only surface samples are taken). Water samples are collected using a Niskin water sampler. DOC is determined using a high-temperature catalytic oxidation method. POC requires filtration of the water sample to collect particulate matter, followed by drying and elemental analysis. Water carbon density (gC / m³) = DOC concentration (mg / L) × 10⁻⁶ - ³×1000 + POC concentration (mg / L)×10 - ³×1000, then combined with the average water depth and area of ​​the water body to convert to carbon storage per unit area (tC / ha). Sediment carbon density: Sediment is collected simultaneously at the water body sampling section. A columnar sampler (e.g., 50cm in length) is used to obtain a sediment column, which is then cut into 10cm layers. Sample processing is the same as for soil (e.g., removing shells and plant remains, air-drying and grinding). Organic carbon content and bulk density are measured (sediment bulk density needs to be corrected for moisture content using centrifugation). Sediment carbon density is calculated using the same formula as for soil, but the sampling depth must be limited (usually 0-30cm, as sediment carbon activity is extremely low below 30cm), and the carbon content of aquatic organism remains in the sediment (already included in the dead organic matter carbon pool) must be deducted to avoid double counting.

[0031] The final table of average carbon pool density for the watershed is shown in the figure below. In the quantitative assessment of watershed carbon storage, the InVEST model's carbon storage module is a core tool for transforming carbon density data into spatial distribution of carbon storage. Its simulation framework is built around key carbon pools in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, effectively supporting carbon storage accounting under current or planned scenarios. The module's core input parameters are the aforementioned aboveground vegetation carbon density, underground biomass carbon density, soil carbon density, and dead organic matter carbon density. Using watershed land use type data (including raster data of 24 secondary land use categories) as the spatial carrier, it quantitatively couples carbon density with land use unit area to achieve accurate calculation of carbon storage for different land use categories, thereby revealing the impact mechanism of land use type change on watershed carbon storage.

[0032] The specific calculation process must follow the logical chain of "data matching - unit accounting - model input - total amount and spatial distribution output": First, the average carbon density data (unit: tC / ha) of the four major carbon pools of the 24 secondary land categories obtained from field exploration is spatially matched with the corresponding land use raster data to ensure that each raster unit (evaluation unit) is associated with the carbon density parameters of the four major carbon pools of a unique land category; Second, based on a single raster unit, the aboveground carbon storage (C) of each raster unit is calculated using the accounting method of "carbon storage = carbon density × raster area".above ), underground carbon storage (C below ), soil carbon storage (C soil ) and carbon storage of dead organic matter (C dead Subsequently, the carbon storage data of the four major carbon pools of all grid cells are organized according to the InVEST model data format requirements and imported into the carbon storage module as model input parameters. During model operation, the carbon storage data of each grid cell is automatically integrated, and a spatial distribution map of watershed carbon storage is generated through overlay analysis. The calculation formula is as follows: in, Total carbon reserves It refers to the carbon storage in the above-ground portion. It refers to the underground carbon reserves. It is soil carbon storage. This refers to the carbon reserves stored in dead organic matter. The unit is t·hm². -2 .

[0033] In the implementation of watershed carbon capture potential assessments, process-based ecosystem models, by simulating key processes and intrinsic mechanisms of carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, can output gridded carbon sink estimation results, and have become a core tool for assessing terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks at global and regional scales. The core advantage of these models lies in their ability to quantitatively analyze the contribution of driving factors such as temperature, precipitation, and land use change to carbon sink changes, and to predict future trends in carbon sink evolution based on scenario simulations. Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is a key indicator for determining the carbon source / sink function of an ecosystem.

[0034] The core of the watershed carbon sink capacity assessment framework is the process-based ecosystem model (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach, CASA), which quantifies net ecosystem productivity (NEP) by simulating the physiological mechanisms of vegetation photosynthesis and autotrophic respiration, and uses it as a key indicator to measure the watershed carbon sink function.

[0035] The implementation of this framework follows a rigorous and operational six-step process: First, data preparation and preprocessing are carried out. The system collects long-term remote sensing data (e.g., MODIS or Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI), daily meteorological data (e.g., solar radiation, temperature, precipitation), and land use / cover maps within the watershed. Watershed masking, resampling, and format standardization are performed to construct the model-driving field. Next, net primary productivity (NPP) simulation is conducted. Based on the core algorithm of the CASA model, the system couples the photosynthetically active radiation absorption ratio and light energy utilization rate model obtained from remote sensing to simulate the total amount of organic carbon fixed by vegetation through photosynthesis at the pixel scale. Then, based on the principles of ecosystem physiology, temperature-related empirical functions (e.g., the Q10 model) are used to estimate the amount of carbon consumed by soil heterotrophic respiration. On this basis, execution is performed at each computational unit (pixel). The calculation generates a spatially gridded, time-series NEP distribution map of the watershed, using positive values ​​to explicitly characterize the carbon sink attributes of pixels. Subsequently, scale expansion and statistical analysis are conducted, spatially aggregating the gridded NEP results within the watershed, and implementing zonal statistics based on land use types to accurately calculate the total carbon sink volume and the contribution rates of various ecosystems in the watershed, and analyzing their spatiotemporal dynamic patterns. Finally, through scenario simulation or statistical methods, the relative contributions of climate change (e.g., warming, drought) and human activities (e.g., afforestation, urbanization) to watershed NEP changes are quantitatively separated. Simultaneously, based on future climate scenarios and land use planning, the evolution trend of the watershed's carbon sink potential is predicted. The calculation principle of its CASA model is as follows: In the formula, , and Representing pixels exist The monthly net ecosystem productivity assessment, net vegetation primary productivity, and soil heterotrophic respiration consumption (in C) are expressed in g·m³. -2 When NEP is positive, it indicates that the ecosystem has fixed more carbon, which is a carbon sink; when NEP is negative, it indicates that the ecosystem has released more carbon, which is a carbon source.

[0036] Net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation refers to the total amount of organic matter produced by plants through photosynthesis within a certain time and area, minus the amount consumed by the plants' respiration. This study uses a modified CASA model to estimate NPP, which calculates NPP based on two driving factors: photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the vegetation and light energy utilization efficiency. The formula is as follows: In the formula, Represented as pixels exist The photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the moon (in C), in g·m -2 ε(x,t) represents a pixel. exist Monthly solar energy utilization efficiency (in C), in g·MJ -1 .

[0037] Soil heterotrophic respiration consumption refers to the amount of carbon dioxide released by heterotrophic organisms in the soil during the consumption of organic matter. This application uses an RH-RS regression model based on a geostatistical model of soil respiration to estimate this amount. The calculation formula is as follows. In the formula, Total monthly soil respiration consumption (in C), in g·m³ -2 . For pixels exist The average monthly temperature, expressed in °C. SOCD is the soil organic carbon density, measured at a depth of 0–30 cm, expressed in kg·m³. -2 . For pixels exist The total monthly precipitation, expressed in mm.

[0038] In the implementation of watershed carbon emission assessment, watersheds, as basic geographical units of complex natural-socio-economic ecosystems, exhibit typical characteristics of "land-water coupling and multi-source intertwining" in their carbon emission processes. Therefore, constructing a systematic assessment method requires relying on the core accounting framework of the 2006 IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines and its 2019 revision, and on this basis, conducting interdisciplinary integration and scale extension to achieve accurate carbon accounting for this unique complex system of watersheds. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution pattern of CASA carbon sinks in the watershed.

[0039] Based on the sectoral classification standards of the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory and closely combined with the unique characteristics of watersheds as natural-social complex ecosystems, a classification and accounting system can be constructed to systematically distinguish between greenhouse gas emission sources dominated by human activities and the inherent carbon removal processes of ecosystems. The system specifically covers five major emission sources: First, energy activity emission sources, mainly CO2 directly generated from fossil fuel combustion by industrial enterprises in the basin, energy consumption by urban and rural residents, and fuel consumption in transportation; second, agricultural activity emission sources, including methane release from paddy fields, nitrous oxide from farmland soil due to nitrogen fertilizer application, and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock and poultry intestinal fermentation and manure management; third, land use / cover change emission sources, focusing on the loss of biomass and soil carbon pool caused by the conversion of natural ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands into artificial land, which usually requires analyzing the land use transfer matrix over the past 20 years to quantify its CO2 emissions; fourth, waste treatment emission sources, including methane generated from anaerobic processes in urban sewage treatment and landfills, as well as related emissions from industrial solid waste disposal; and fifth, industrial production process emission sources, specifically referring to CO2 or methane directly generated by characteristic industries such as chemicals and building materials in the basin during their specific production processes (such as carbonate decomposition and industrial fermentation), which are independent of the indirect emissions generated by their energy consumption.

[0040] 1. Carbon emission accounting for energy activities Method selection: Tier 2 method is used for large-scale industrial enterprises (accounting for more than 70% of the basin's energy emissions), and Tier 1 method is used for the rest.

[0041] Operational steps: Collect activity level data and statistically analyze the consumption of various fossil fuels (such as coal, gasoline, diesel, natural gas, etc.) (unit: t or m³). Industrial enterprise data are obtained from pollution discharge permits or energy statistical reports, while residential and transportation data are obtained from local statistical yearbooks.

[0042] Emission factors were determined as follows: Tier 1 adopted the IPCC default emission factor (e.g., standard coal CO2 emission factor 2.66 t / t); Tier 2 adopted a localized factor, calculated by sampling fuels within the watershed to determine calorific value and carbon content, and then applying the formula. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. Expressed as fuel consumption. Expressed as emission factor, This is expressed as the lower heating value of the fuel. Expressed as carbon content, It is expressed as carbon oxidation rate.

[0043] 2. Carbon emission accounting for agricultural activities (1) CH4 emissions from paddy fields: Method selection: The Tier 2 correction method was adopted, combined with water management model classification and accounting.

[0044] Operational steps: Calculate the paddy field area (divided into early rice, late rice, and mid-season rice), determine the water management type (e.g., continuous flooding, intermittent flooding, rainfed) and the amount of organic matter added (e.g., straw return to the field); adopt the IPCC daily emission factor baseline of 1.3 kg CH4 / (hm²). 2 •d) Adjusted according to the moisture management conversion factor (e.g., 1.1 for continuous flooding - single drying) and the organic matter addition correction factor, calculated according to the formula. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. The area is expressed as the area of ​​paddy fields. Expressed as emission factor, This represents the number of days in the reproductive period. Expressed as conversion factor, It is represented as the organic matter correction factor.

[0045] (2) N2O emissions from farmland: Direct emissions: Tier 2 method was used to statistically analyze nitrogen fertilizer application rates (separately for chemical nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer) and emission factors (1% for chemical nitrogen fertilizer and 2% for organic fertilizer). Indirect emissions: including atmospheric deposition and leaching, were calculated as 0.75% and 2% of nitrogen fertilizer application rates, respectively, using the formula. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. This is expressed as the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. It is expressed as an emission factor.

[0046] (3) Livestock and poultry breeding emissions: The number of livestock and poultry in stock / slaughtered is counted according to the type of livestock and poultry (pigs, cattle, sheep, poultry), and the IPCC species-specific emission factors (e.g., 60 kg / head·year CH4 emission factor from intestinal fermentation of beef cattle) are used to calculate the emissions separately for intestinal fermentation and manure management systems.

[0047] 3. Carbon emission accounting for land use change Method selection: Tier 2 method based on carbon pool change accounting is used for major conversion types such as forest land-cultivated land and wetland-construction land; Tier 1 method is used for other minor types.

[0048] Operational steps: Acquire land use data, interpret the data using high-resolution remote sensing, generate land use maps at the beginning and end of the assessment period, and extract the area of ​​land conversion (e.g., the area of ​​forest land converted to arable land).

[0049] Carbon pool parameters were determined by obtaining carbon densities of typical land types within the watershed through field sampling or literature review, based on the IPCC five major carbon pool classifications. For example, the aboveground biomass carbon density of mature forest land was taken as 80 t C / hm², and the soil carbon density of cultivated land was taken as 30 t C / hm². ² Calculated according to the formula, In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. This represents the sum of carbon densities of land types before transformation. Expressed as the sum of carbon densities of land types after transformation. The area is the area of ​​conversion.

[0050] 4. Waste Discharge Accounting Urban wastewater CH4 discharge: Using the Tier 2 method, wastewater discharge volume and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration were statistically analyzed, and calculations were performed according to the formula. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. It is expressed as the total COD of wastewater.

[0051] CH4 emissions from municipal solid waste landfills: The IPCC landfill gas model is used. Parameters such as the amount of landfill waste, organic matter content, and landfill age are input. The CH4 generation is estimated according to the guideline formula, and then multiplied by the collection efficiency to correct the actual emissions.

[0052] 5. Industrial Production Processes: For industries such as cement and chemicals, the Tier 2 method is used to statistically analyze raw material consumption (e.g., limestone usage in cement production), combined with process emission factors (e.g., limestone decomposition CO2 emission factor of 0.44tCO2 / t), and calculated using the formula. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. This is expressed as the amount of raw materials consumed. It is expressed as an emission factor.

[0053] Based on the carbon emission data calculated by the aforementioned system, spatial processing can be used to generate a spatial distribution map of watershed carbon emissions. This map can visually reveal carbon emission hotspots, providing scientific data support for accurately identifying key control areas, optimizing the layout of ecological engineering projects, and formulating differentiated watershed low-carbon management strategies.

[0054] In the embodiments of this application, in step S120, the net ecosystem productivity assessment value is obtained by simulating the process using an ecosystem model to obtain the estimated value of the watershed net carbon sink during the set study period. The watershed carbon storage change during the set study period is obtained based on the watershed carbon storage. The net ecosystem productivity assessment value is corrected based on the comparison between the estimated value of the watershed net carbon sink and the change in the watershed net carbon storage, thereby obtaining the corrected watershed carbon sink potential.

[0055] Specifically, to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the carbon sink (NEP) estimated by the CASA model, it is necessary to conduct systematic cross-validation with the extrapolation results based on measured carbon storage data, and to make necessary bias corrections to the model output accordingly. Specifically, the annual NEP spatial distribution map output by the CASA model during the study period (e.g., one year) should first be accumulated at the watershed scale to obtain an estimated annual net carbon sink for the watershed. Simultaneously, using the field-monitored carbon density data of the four major carbon pools (aboveground vegetation, underground biomass, soil, and dead organic matter), combined with land use change information (e.g., watershed forests and grasslands), the annual net carbon storage change based on measured data should be calculated using the method of "future year carbon storage minus current carbon storage".

[0056] The annual net carbon sink (NEP) obtained by the two methods was statistically compared and analyzed, including the calculation of relative error, root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R²) to quantitatively evaluate the estimation accuracy of the CASA model. If the validation results show that the model has systematic biases (such as general overestimation or underestimation), a correction factor needs to be introduced to calibrate the NEP results. For local areas that deviate significantly from the measured values, a zonal correction model can be established by combining land use type, vegetation cover, and topographic features to correct the spatial heterogeneity of the CASA estimation results.

[0057] In the embodiments of this application, in step S130, the basin is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones based on the basin carbon storage, the modified basin carbon sink potential, and the basin carbon emissions, respectively. Multi-objective collaborative carbon pool construction measures are obtained for different functional zones with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation.

[0058] Specifically, based on the core database of watershed carbon pools (including carbon storage density, carbon sink potential, and carbon emission intensity), and using the natural discontinuity method in ArcGIS, combined with the watershed ecosystem type, human activity intensity, and geospatial continuity characteristics, carbon storage, carbon sink capacity, and carbon emissions are divided into five levels of regions and clearly named: Carbon storage, from high to low, is divided into Zone V (>150 tC / hm², core carbon pool reserve areas such as primary forests), Zone IV (100-150 tC / hm², important supplementary areas surrounding extremely rich areas), Zone III (50-100 tC / hm², transitional areas between high and low carbon storage), Zone II (20-50 tC / hm², key potential areas in degraded areas), and Zone I (<20 tC / hm², key restoration areas such as bare land); Carbon sink capacity, from high to low, is divided into Zone V (>8 tC / hm², ...). 2 •a), core contribution areas such as young plantations), and Zone IV (5-8 tC / (hm) 2 •a), important support area surrounding the ultra-high level zone), Zone III (2-5 tC / (hm) 2 •a), High and low carbon sink functional basic balance zone), II (0.5-2 tC / (hm 2 •a), Degraded areas (key intervention areas), Zone I (<0.5 tC / (hm) 2 •a) Key areas for intensive development, such as bare land, are partly carbon sources; carbon emissions are divided into Zone V (>100 tCO2 / hm) from high to low. 2 •a, core key areas such as industrial clusters), and Zone IV (50-100 tCO2 / hm 2 •a, Important control areas surrounding extremely high intensity areas), Zone III (20-50 tCO2 / hm 2 •a, High and Low Carbon Emission Basic Coordination Zone), Zone II (5-20 tCO2 / hm 2 •a, Rural areas of low concern), Zone I (<5 tCO2 / hm 2 •a. Ecologically safe zones such as virgin forests are mostly net carbon sinks. Figure 4 A zoning map of watershed carbon storage; Figure 5 A watershed carbon sink zoning map; Figure 6 This is a map showing the carbon emission zones of the watershed.

[0059] The initial construction of the target framework for a watershed green carbon pool requires a dual-driven approach: the professional foresight of expert consultation and the regional relevance of field investigations, to achieve a deep coupling of "scientific theory and regional practice." In the expert consultation phase, through multiple rounds of demonstration using an improved Delphi method, focusing on the evolutionary patterns of the watershed carbon pool and the carbon sequestration potential of the ecosystem, four core dimensions were initially identified: "carbon storage enhancement, carbon sink potential release, carbon emission control, and policy and technological support." Among these, carbon storage enhancement is the fundamental carrier of a green carbon pool; carbon sink potential release is the key path to functional efficiency improvement; carbon emission control is the core tool for risk management; and policy and technological support is the guarantee system for the implementation of the target. These four elements form a logical closed loop of "carrier-function-control-guarantee."

[0060] Based on the spatial pattern analysis of the watershed carbon storage zoning map, carbon storage zone V and high-value carbon sink areas are highly spatially coupled. As the core carbon sink carrying unit of the watershed ecosystem carbon cycle, it is a strategic core area for maintaining the "green carbon pool" function, achieving regional carbon balance, and enhancing the overall carbon sink capacity of the watershed. Consolidation and enhancement measures need to be formulated around the dual main lines of "strengthening spatial control and optimizing carbon sequestration carriers": First, strictly implement the delineation and control of ecological red lines. Combining the carbon storage zoning map, ecosystem service importance assessment, and vulnerability analysis, accurately identify the core area of ​​carbon storage zone V, and include key carbon sink areas such as high-biomass forest patches and high-organic-matter wetland core areas into the ecological protection red line. Development and construction activities that damage vegetation or disturb the soil carbon pool are prohibited, and a "green carbon pool" should be established. The "tiered management and control + dynamic inspection" mechanism, through the linkage of satellite remote sensing and ground law enforcement inspections, ensures the spatial integrity and stability of carbon storage carriers and avoids the risk of carbon loss. Secondly, it focuses on protecting and optimizing carbon-sequestration-advantageous vegetation and wetland ecosystems. For high carbon sequestration efficiency vegetation in carbon storage zone V, it carries out community structure optimization and degradation restoration, and improves vegetation net primary productivity and biomass accumulation by replanting native carbon-sequestration tree species, removing invasive species, and regulating forest canopy closure. For carbon-storage-advantageous wetlands such as marsh wetlands and peat wetlands, it implements ecological embankment water level restoration, hydrological connectivity restoration, and planting of wetland carbon-sequestration plants to improve soil organic carbon deposition efficiency, inhibit greenhouse gas emissions, strengthen carbon sink function, and provide support for the long-term stable construction of a green carbon pool in the basin.

[0061] For carbon storage zone IV (e.g., carbon storage of 100-150 tC / hm², an important supplementary area surrounding the extremely rich carbon zone), the focus is on implementing the "carbon sink synergy enhancement" project. Based on its spatial correlation with the extremely rich carbon zone, this involves creating mixed forests of native tree species (selecting carbon-fixing tree species compatible with the vegetation of the extremely rich zone, such as oak and birch) to construct ecological buffer zones. Simultaneously, existing vegetation stand structure optimization (e.g., thinning low-quality trees and replanting high-carbon-fixing seedlings) and soil organic carbon enhancement (e.g., applying 20 t / hm² of biochar and promoting in-situ litter retention) will be carried out to strengthen its supplementary and connecting function to the carbon pool of the extremely rich zone, reducing inter-regional carbon loss. For carbon storage zone III (e.g., carbon storage of 50-100 tC / hm²), the focus is on implementing the "carbon sink synergy enhancement" project. For the carbon storage zone (20-50 tC / hm², a transitional area between high and low carbon storage areas), the focus is on "construction and potential activation of carbon sink channels." With ecological connectivity restoration as the core, native vegetation ecological corridors (e.g., 50-80m wide, connecting high and low carbon storage areas) will be constructed. Simultaneously, "near-natural restoration" will be implemented for degraded forest land (e.g., using a three-dimensional configuration of trees, shrubs, and grasses to increase vegetation coverage to over 85%), and "conservation tillage" will be promoted for arable land (e.g., straw return of 3-5 t / hm², no-till rotation). Through enhancing the carbon sink capacity of the transition zone, the overall connectivity and balance of the watershed's carbon pool will be promoted. For carbon storage zone II (e.g., carbon storage of 20-50 tC / hm², a key potential area in degraded regions), a special restoration project for "carbon sink function reconstruction" will be carried out. Addressing vegetation degradation and soil infertility, priority will be given to vegetation reconstruction (selecting pioneer tree species tolerant of poor soil and with high carbon sequestration, such as sea buckthorn and Masson pine) and soil improvement (applying 15-20 tC / hm² of organic fertilizer). To prevent soil erosion, small-scale water conservancy facilities (such as reservoirs and ecological intercepting ditches) are constructed simultaneously (planting nitrogen-fixing leguminous plants) to control soil erosion. Through the coordinated restoration of vegetation, soil, and hydrology, the regional carbon sequestration potential is activated. For carbon storage zone I (such as key restoration areas like bare land with carbon storage <20 tC / hm²), the "carbon pool base restoration and activation" project is implemented. For extremely degraded areas such as bare land and rocky desertification, site conditions are first improved through engineering measures (such as topsoil improvement and fish-scale pit land preparation). Then, drought-resistant and barren-tolerant carbon-fixing pioneer plants (such as Artemisia argyi and alfalfa) are planted to construct primary vegetation cover. Supporting artificial monitoring and management mechanisms (such as regular watering and weeding) are established to gradually form a stable vegetation community, laying the foundation for subsequent carbon storage enhancement and achieving a breakthrough in the watershed's carbon sequestration function from "nothing" to "something".

[0062] For the five categories of watershed carbon sink potential, classified from high to low, differentiated enhancement measures focusing on "carbon sink efficiency optimization and functional enhancement" should be formulated based on their carbon sink intensity, dynamic carbon sequestration characteristics, and ecological function positioning: For carbon sink zone V (e.g., carbon sink potential > 8 tC / (hm²)... 2•a) In core contribution areas such as young plantations, the "carbon sequestration efficiency enhancement and maintenance" project will be implemented. Relying on the high photosynthetic carbon sequestration potential of young forests, multi-layered, uneven-aged forests will be constructed by optimizing stand density (adjusting to 1200-1500 trees / hm² based on tree species photosynthetic characteristics), replanting native companion tree species with high carbon sequestration efficiency (e.g., combining larch and linden in Northeast China to increase total community photosynthesis, and mixing Chinese fir and camphor in Southern China to enhance carbon interception). Simultaneously, scientific management of understory vegetation (e.g., controlling weed competition for light resources, and moderate tending to improve community photosynthetic efficiency) and strengthening soil carbon interception (in-situ decomposition of litter to promote carbon cycling, and applying 10 t / hm² of slow-release organic fertilizer to optimize the microbial carbon sequestration environment) will be promoted to extend the efficient carbon sequestration cycle and consolidate the core carbon sequestration contribution status. For carbon sequestration zone IV (e.g., carbon sequestration potential of 5-8 tC / (hm²)), the project will extend the efficient carbon sequestration cycle and consolidate the core carbon sequestration contribution status. 2 •a) As an important supporting area surrounding the extremely high carbon sequestration zone, focusing on "coordinated carbon sequestration," and utilizing its spatial proximity to Zone V, a 60-100m wide native vegetation buffer zone will be constructed (selecting tree species that complement the ecological niche of Zone V, such as oak and birch, to enhance the continuity of regional carbon sequestration). Degraded shrublands and sparse forests will be restored (replanting high-carbon-sequestration shrubs such as sea buckthorn and lespedeza to enhance surface carbon interception). At the same time, hydrological connectivity will be optimized (dredging small ditches and maintaining suitable soil moisture content to ensure photosynthetic carbon fixation by vegetation), strengthening the support and spatial connection for the carbon sequestration function of Zone V, and reducing watershed carbon sequestration faults; for Carbon Sequestration Zone III (e.g., carbon sequestration potential 2-5 tC / (hm²)), 2 •a) In the basic balance zone of high and low carbon sink functions, the "carbon sink potential activation" restoration is carried out. Targeting the characteristics of moderate and fluctuating carbon sink intensity, "near-natural forest stand transformation" is implemented in forest land (three-dimensional configuration of trees, shrubs, and grasses to enhance the overall photosynthetic carbon sequestration capacity of the community, and vegetation coverage exceeding 90% to enhance carbon capture). "Carbon sink-type cropping systems" are promoted in cultivated land (rotation of nitrogen-fixing crops to optimize soil carbon cycling, and full straw return to the field at 3-5 t / hm² to enhance farmland carbon interception). Simultaneously, mild soil erosion is addressed (constructing fish-scale pits and planting soil-stabilizing herbs to reduce carbon loss). Through ecosystem structure optimization, the carbon sink intensity is pushed towards higher-level zones, maintaining the dynamic balance of carbon sinks in the watershed. For carbon sink II zones (e.g., carbon sink potential of 0.5-2 tC / (hm²)), 2•a) In degraded key intervention areas, a special project for "carbon sink function reconstruction" will be implemented. Addressing issues such as weak vegetation photosynthetic capacity and obstructed soil carbon cycle, priority will be given to vegetation reconstruction (selecting tolerant, fast-growing, high-photosynthetic pioneer tree species such as Masson pine and staghorn sumac to rapidly enhance carbon capture capacity) and soil carbon cycle restoration (applying 20 t / hm² of biochar to enhance carbon adsorption and planting leguminous plants to optimize the soil nitrogen environment and promote microbial carbon fixation). Supporting infrastructure will be constructed for small-scale water conservancy projects (reservoirs and ecological intercepting ditches to prevent carbon loss due to soil erosion). Through the synergistic restoration of "vegetation photosynthesis-soil carbon cycle-hydrological regulation," the carbon sink intensity will be promoted from a low level to a medium level. For Carbon Sink I areas (e.g., carbon sink potential < 0.5 tC / (hm²)), the project will also focus on carbon sink potential. 2 •a) In key areas such as bare land (part of which are carbon sources), the "Carbon Source Management and Carbon Sequestration Activation" project will be launched. Targeting extremely degraded areas such as bare land and rocky desertification, as well as carbon source areas, engineering measures (soil improvement and slope reinforcement to curb carbon release) will be implemented first. Then, drought-resistant and barren-tolerant pioneer plants with high carbon sequestration capabilities (such as Artemisia arenaria, alfalfa, and Suaeda salsa) will be planted to construct a primary carbon capture system. A supporting artificial management and carbon flux monitoring system will be established (regular watering to ensure vegetation photosynthesis, weeding to reduce resource competition, and dynamic monitoring of carbon flux to regulate carbon sequestration processes). This will gradually realize the transformation of carbon sources into carbon sinks, promote the breakthrough of carbon sink function from "nothing" to "something", and fill the gap in the watershed's carbon sink capabilities.

[0063] For the five categories of watershed carbon emission intensity classified from high to low, differentiated implementation content focusing on "precise emission control - source carbon reduction - collaborative governance" needs to be formulated based on their emission sources, ecological background, and functional positioning: For carbon emission zone V (e.g., carbon emissions > 100 tCO2 / hm) 2 •a. In key industrial zones and other core areas, the "Industrial Carbon Emission Reduction Campaign" will be implemented, focusing on source control. This will encourage high-energy-consuming enterprises (e.g., steel, chemical, building materials) to upgrade their technology (promoting circulating fluidized bed boilers and waste heat and pressure recovery technology) and optimize their energy structure (replacing coal with natural gas and renewable energy, increasing the proportion of renewable energy to over 30%). Simultaneously, systems for deep treatment of industrial wastewater and resource utilization of solid waste will be constructed (with a comprehensive utilization rate of over 90%). Enterprise-level online carbon emission monitoring systems will be installed (real-time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2 and CH4). Policy incentives (e.g., carbon quota trading, green credit) will be used to force enterprises to reduce emissions and lower regional carbon intensity. For carbon emission zones IV (e.g., carbon emissions of 50-100 tCO2 / hm²), further efforts will be made. 2•a, a key control area surrounding extremely high intensity zones), focusing on "coordinated carbon emission control," leveraging its spatial connection with Zone V, constructing green transportation corridors (promoting electric buses, building dedicated bicycle lanes, and reducing vehicle carbon emissions) and industrial synergy parks (accepting the transfer of low-energy-consuming industries from Zone V and preventing the spread of high-energy-consuming industries), and simultaneously carrying out regional dust control (road mechanized sweeping rate reaching over 85%, and installing dust monitoring and spraying systems at construction sites). Through coordinated "source control-pollution interception-dust reduction," it reduces interference with emission reduction in Zone V and strengthens support for regional carbon emission control; for Zone III carbon emission zones (e.g., carbon emissions of 20-50 tCO2 / hm²), 2 •a. For the high- and low-carbon emission basic coordination zone, implement "carbon emission balance regulation." Targeting the emission characteristics of the urban-rural transition zone, promote energy-saving building renovations in urban areas (external wall insulation, building-integrated photovoltaics, reducing building energy consumption by more than 20%), and implement low-carbon agricultural models in agricultural areas (promoting soil testing and formula fertilization, straw resource return to the field, reducing fertilizer application and CH4 emissions from farmland). Simultaneously construct artificial wetlands and green space systems (increasing green space coverage to over 35%) to enhance carbon sink offsetting. Through a dual-drive approach of "emission reduction + carbon sink enhancement," maintain the regional carbon emission and carbon absorption balance. For carbon emission zone II (e.g., carbon emissions of 5-20 tCO2 / hm²),... 2 •a. Rural areas of mild concern): Implement the "Low-Carbon Living and Agricultural Optimization" special project. Addressing the dispersed emissions characteristics of rural areas, promote rural biogas projects (household biogas coverage exceeding 60%, replacing traditional firewood burning) and energy-saving stoves (reducing carbon emissions from household energy use). In the agricultural sector, promote ecological farming models (rice-fish co-culture, under-forest economy, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides). Simultaneously, carry out centralized collection and harmless treatment of rural waste (waste treatment rate exceeding 90%). Through coordinated carbon reduction in both living and agricultural sectors, lower regional carbon emission levels. For carbon emission zone I (e.g., carbon emissions < 5 tCO2 / hm²),... 2 •a. Ecologically safe zones such as primary forests, which are mostly net carbon sinks, will be included in the “Ecological Protection and Carbon Sink Enhancement” project. Strict ecological protection red lines will be drawn up (prohibiting any development activities that damage primary vegetation and soil). Management of primary forests and natural wetlands will be carried out (establishing forest fire and pest control systems to ensure the stable carbon sink function of the ecosystem). Simultaneously, a carbon sink monitoring network will be constructed (monitoring vegetation carbon flux and soil carbon release, and assessing net carbon sink capacity). Through ecosystem protection and carbon sink function maintenance, the offsetting effect of these systems on watershed carbon emissions will be fully utilized to consolidate the watershed's ecological carbon sink security barrier.

[0064] In the embodiments of this application, after the carbon pool construction measures are implemented in step S140, the watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data of each functional area is obtained at a set frequency. Based on the trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold, the regulation feedback of the carbon pool construction measures in different functional areas is obtained, and the carbon pool construction measures are adjusted according to the regulation feedback.

[0065] Specifically, given the significant spatiotemporal dynamics of watershed ecological space governance and ecological productivity enhancement led by green carbon sinks, long-term management and control require a scientific monitoring system and precise feedback and adjustment mechanisms. Using net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) as the core assessment indicator, its quantitative model is defined as NECB ≈ Net carbon absorption of terrestrial ecosystems - Carbon output to water bodies - Anthropogenic carbon emissions + Sedimentation and burial. "Net carbon absorption of terrestrial ecosystems" encompasses net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation communities such as forests, wetlands, and shrublands, and soil organic carbon fixation; "Carbon output to water bodies" includes the migration flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in rivers; "Anthropogenic carbon emissions" focuses on the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions from industry, agriculture, and daily life; and "Sedimentation and burial" specifically refers to the carbon deposition rate in areas such as wetlands and reservoirs. When NECB approaches zero or becomes negative, it indicates an imbalance between carbon input and output in the watershed, suggesting that the carbon sink function may be entering a saturation or decline phase, requiring targeted control measures.

[0066] The first phase involves establishing a multi-dimensional NECB monitoring system. Spatially, monitoring stations are deployed based on the functional zoning of watershed carbon pools (e.g., carbon-rich areas, degradation potential areas, etc.). At the terrestrial ecosystem level, eddy covariance systems are used to monitor vegetation carbon flux in real time, combined with plot surveys to periodically measure soil organic carbon content (0-100cm soil layer, once per quarter). At the aquatic carbon output level, automatic water quality monitors continuously collect river DOC and POC concentrations, and carbon migration flux is calculated using hydrological station flow data. At the anthropogenic carbon emission level, online monitoring data from enterprises (e.g., CO2 emissions from industrial kilns) is integrated with remote sensing-derived agricultural and domestic carbon emission intensity. At the sedimentary burial level, sediment columns are deployed in typical wetlands and reservoirs, and radioisotope analysis is used to analyze the carbon emissions. 210 Pb, 137 Cs) dating analysis of carbon deposition rates. In terms of time, a four-level monitoring frequency of "daily-monthly-quarterly-yearly" is established to ensure the continuity and timeliness of data. At the same time, 5G+IoT technology is used to realize the real-time transmission and cloud storage of monitoring data.

[0067] The second phase involves spatiotemporal dynamic diagnosis and threshold early warning of NECB. Based on multi-source data acquired through monitoring, time series trend analysis (e.g., Mann-Kendall test) and spatial interpolation (e.g., Kriging interpolation) are used to analyze the interannual variation trends and spatial differentiation characteristics of NECB in different carbon sink functional zones. Combined with the watershed ecosystem carrying capacity assessment, dynamic thresholds for NECB are set (e.g., NECB in carbon sink stable zones should be maintained at 5-10 tC / hm²). 2 •a, The lower limit of the NECB threshold for the degradation warning zone is 0 tC / hm 2•a) Construct a visual early warning platform. When the NECB of a certain region falls below the corresponding threshold for two consecutive quarters, the diagnostic module is automatically triggered to identify key influencing factors through methods such as redundancy analysis (RDA) and principal component analysis (PCA). For example, a decline in NECB in carbon-rich areas may be due to vegetation degradation (reduced net carbon absorption), while in rural areas it may be related to excessive application of agricultural fertilizers (increased anthropogenic carbon emissions), providing a targeted basis for optimizing subsequent measures.

[0068] The third phase involves evaluating the effectiveness of differentiated measures in response to changes in carbon sequestration. Based on the NECB diagnostic results, the differentiated measures previously implemented for different carbon pool / sink zones will be dynamically adjusted: For areas where NECB has declined due to "insufficient net carbon absorption by terrestrial ecosystems" (e.g., carbon storage zone II), vegetation restoration measures will be strengthened (increasing the planting density of high carbon sequestration pioneer tree species from 1200 trees / hm² to 1500 trees / hm²) and soil improvement (increasing biochar application from 20t / hm² to 25t / hm²); for watershed riparian areas where NECB has decreased due to "excessive carbon output from waterways," ecological buffer zones (expanding their width from 10m to 15m) and vegetation filter zones will be added to reduce carbon migration caused by soil erosion; for areas with "excessive anthropogenic carbon emissions" (e.g., carbon emission zone V), industrial emission reduction technologies will be upgraded (increasing the proportion of renewable energy from 30% to 40%) and low-carbon agricultural models will be implemented (increasing the coverage rate of soil testing and formula fertilization from 80% to 95%). Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the measures is assessed annually based on NECB change data. By constructing a closed-loop mechanism of "measure adjustment - NECB response - effectiveness feedback", the management and control strategies are continuously optimized, ultimately driving the sustainable growth of the watershed's green carbon pool and ensuring the long-term stability of ecological space governance and ecological productivity enhancement.

[0069] Based on the above description, and according to the green carbon pool construction method of this application, the atmospheric carbon pool, aquatic ecosystem carbon pool, and terrestrial ecosystem carbon pool at the watershed scale are the three core research objects. Around the key dimensions of the green carbon pool, the watershed is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones. For different functional zones, multi-objective coordinated carbon pool construction measures are obtained, with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation. Based on the changing trend of the watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold, the regulatory feedback of the carbon pool construction measures in different functional zones is obtained. The carbon pool construction measures are adjusted according to the regulatory feedback to drive the sustainable growth of the green carbon pool.

[0070] refer to Figure 7This application also provides a construction apparatus 200 for implementing the construction method 100 according to the embodiments of this application. The construction apparatus 200 includes a processor 210 and a memory 220. The construction apparatus 200 may include one or more processors 210 and one or more memories 220. The memory 220 stores an executable program that is run by the processor 210. When the executable program is run by the processor 210, it causes the processor 210 to perform the construction method 100 according to the embodiments of this application described above.

[0071] The processor 210 may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other processing units with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities.

[0072] The memory 220 may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor 210 may execute the program instructions to implement the client functions (implemented by the processor) in the embodiments of this application described herein, and / or other desired functions. Various applications and various data may also be stored in the computer-readable storage medium, such as various data used and / or generated by the applications.

[0073] The building device 200 may also include input and output devices, which are interconnected via a bus system and / or other forms of connection mechanisms. It should be noted that... Figure 7 The components and structures of the construction apparatus 200 shown are merely exemplary and not limiting; the construction apparatus 200 may also have other components and structures as needed.

[0074] The input device can be a device used by a user to input commands, and can include one or more of a keyboard, mouse, microphone, and touchscreen. Furthermore, the input device can also be any interface for receiving information.

[0075] The output device can output various information (e.g., images or sounds) to the outside (e.g., a user), and may include one or more of a display, speaker, etc. Furthermore, the output device can also be any other device with output functionality.

[0076] For example, the construction apparatus 200 for implementing the construction method 100 according to the embodiments of this application can be applied to terminal devices (such as mobile phones), tablet computers, laptop computers, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPCs), handheld computers, netbooks, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices (such as smartwatches, smart glasses, or smart helmets), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) devices, smart home devices, in-vehicle computers, and other electronic devices. The embodiments of this application do not impose any limitations on this.

[0077] Those skilled in the art can understand the specific operation of the construction apparatus 200 for implementing the construction method 100 according to the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the content described above. For the sake of brevity, the specific details will not be repeated here, but only some main operations of the processor 210 will be described.

[0078] In one embodiment of this application, when the executable program is run by the processor 210, the processor 210 performs the following steps: acquiring a core carbon dataset at the watershed scale, including watershed carbon storage, watershed carbon emissions, and watershed carbon sink potential characterized by an assessment of net ecosystem productivity; obtaining an estimated value of watershed net carbon sink during a set study period through process ecosystem model simulation based on the assessment value of net ecosystem productivity; obtaining the change in watershed net carbon storage during the set study period based on watershed carbon storage; and correcting the net ecosystem productivity based on the comparison between the estimated value of watershed net carbon sink and the change in watershed net carbon storage. The system assesses the overall productivity to obtain a revised watershed carbon sink potential. Based on the watershed carbon storage, the revised watershed carbon sink potential, and the watershed carbon emissions, the watershed is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones. Multi-objective coordinated carbon pool construction measures are developed for different functional zones with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation. After the carbon pool construction measures are implemented, watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data are obtained for each functional zone at a set frequency. Based on the trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold, the regulatory feedback of the carbon pool construction measures for different functional zones is obtained, and the carbon pool construction measures are adjusted according to the regulatory feedback.

[0079] The above exemplarily illustrates a construction method 100 according to an embodiment of this application. The following, in conjunction with... Figure 8 This application describes a construction system 300 provided in another aspect of the embodiments.

[0080] Reference Figure 8This document describes an example construction system 300 for implementing the construction method of embodiments of this application. The construction system 300 may include a first acquisition module 310, a first determination module 320, a first adjustment module 330, and a construction module 340. Wherein: The first acquisition module 310 is used to: acquire core carbon datasets at the watershed scale, including watershed carbon storage, watershed carbon emissions, and watershed carbon sink potential characterized by an assessment of net ecosystem productivity.

[0081] The first determining module 320 is used to: obtain an estimated value of net watershed carbon sink during a set study period based on the assessment value of net ecosystem productivity through process ecosystem model simulation; obtain the change in net watershed carbon storage during the set study period based on watershed carbon storage; and correct the assessment value of net ecosystem productivity based on the comparison results of the estimated value of net watershed carbon sink and the change in net watershed carbon storage to obtain the corrected watershed carbon sink potential.

[0082] The first adjustment module 330 is used to: divide the basin into multiple green carbon pool functional zones based on the basin carbon storage, the modified basin carbon sink potential, and the basin carbon emissions, and to obtain multi-objective collaborative carbon pool construction measures for different functional zones with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation.

[0083] The construction module 340 is used to: acquire watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data of each functional zone at a set frequency after the carbon pool construction measures are implemented; obtain the regulation feedback of carbon pool construction measures in different functional zones based on the trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold; and adjust the carbon pool construction measures according to the regulation feedback.

[0084] The construction system 300 proposed in this application embodiment can reasonably provide a method for constructing a green carbon library, and provide a feasible method for the systematic construction of a green carbon library.

[0085] Furthermore, according to embodiments of this application, this application also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is run by a processor, it is used to execute corresponding steps of the construction method 100 of this application. The storage medium may, for example, include a memory card of a smartphone, a storage component of a tablet computer, a hard disk of a personal computer, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a USB memory, or any combination of the above storage media. The computer-readable storage medium may be any combination of one or more computer-readable storage media.

[0086] Furthermore, according to embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer program product, including computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the construction method 100 of embodiments of this application.

[0087] Although exemplary embodiments have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the above exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. All such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this application as claimed in the appended claims.

[0088] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0089] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0090] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any one of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0091] It should be noted that the above embodiments are illustrative of this application and not restrictive, and that those skilled in the art can devise alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. This application can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

[0092] The above description is merely a specific embodiment or illustration of the embodiments of this application. The scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. The scope of protection of this application shall be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a watershed green carbon pool based on assessment-feedback regulation, characterized in that, The construction method includes: Obtain core carbon datasets at the watershed scale, including watershed carbon storage, watershed carbon emissions, and watershed carbon sink potential characterized by net ecosystem productivity assessments. The net ecosystem productivity assessment value is obtained by simulating the process using an ecosystem model to estimate the net carbon sink of the watershed during the specified study period. The change in net carbon storage of the watershed during the specified study period is obtained based on the watershed carbon storage. The net ecosystem productivity assessment value is then corrected based on the comparison between the estimated net carbon sink value and the change in net carbon storage of the watershed, thus obtaining the corrected watershed carbon sink potential. Based on the respective classification standards of watershed carbon storage, modified watershed carbon sink potential, and watershed carbon emissions, the watershed is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones. Multi-objective collaborative carbon pool construction measures are obtained for different functional zones with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation. After the carbon pool construction measures are implemented, watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data for each functional zone will be acquired at a set frequency. Based on the trend assessment data relative to the critical point or threshold, the regulatory feedback of the carbon pool construction measures for different functional zones will be obtained, and the carbon pool construction measures will be adjusted according to the regulatory feedback.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtaining assessment values ​​for watershed carbon storage, watershed carbon emissions, and net ecosystem productivity specifically refers to: The average carbon pool density of aboveground vegetation, underground biomass, soil, and dead organic matter for each secondary land use type in the watershed is obtained; based on the obtained average carbon pool density and watershed land use type raster data, the watershed carbon storage is obtained. Based on the emission sources defined by the current standard accounting system, the watershed carbon emissions are obtained; Process-based ecosystem models simulate the carbon cycle processes of vegetation photosynthesis and soil heterotrophic respiration to obtain an assessment value of net ecosystem productivity that characterizes the watershed's carbon sink potential.

3. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the acquired average carbon pool density and watershed land use type raster data, the watershed carbon storage is obtained, specifically referring to: By spatially matching the average carbon pool density of the four major carbon pools under the secondary land use category with the corresponding land use raster data, the carbon storage of each raster unit is calculated. The carbon storage of all grid cells is organized according to the InVEST model data format requirements and imported into the InVEST model carbon storage module as model input parameters. The InVEST model integrates carbon storage data from each grid cell and overlays them to obtain watershed carbon storage.

4. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Process-based ecosystem models simulate vegetation photosynthesis and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon cycling processes to obtain an assessment value of net ecosystem productivity, which characterizes the watershed's carbon sink potential. Specifically, this refers to: Collect long-term remote sensing, daily meteorological, and land use / cover multi-source data within the watershed to construct an ecosystem model driving the process. A model that couples the vegetation photosynthetically active radiation absorption ratio and light energy utilization rate obtained from remote sensing is used to simulate the total amount of organic carbon fixed by vegetation through photosynthesis at the pixel scale; and an empirical function related to temperature is used to estimate the amount of carbon consumed by soil heterotrophic respiration. The net ecosystem productivity assessment value for each pixel was obtained and spatially aggregated across the watershed. Combined with land use type, the net ecosystem productivity assessment value characterizing the watershed's carbon sink potential was obtained. In the formula , and Representing pixels exist Monthly net ecosystem productivity assessment, net primary productivity of vegetation, and carbon consumption by soil heterotrophic respiration. In the formula, Represented as pixels exist Photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the moon Represents a cell exist Monthly solar energy utilization rate In the formula, For the total respiration consumption of lunar soil, For pixels exist The average temperature of the month, Soil organic carbon density, For pixels exist Total monthly precipitation.

5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The net ecosystem productivity assessment is obtained by simulating the process using an ecosystem model to estimate the watershed net carbon sink during the specified study period. The change in watershed net carbon storage during the specified study period is obtained based on the watershed carbon storage. The net ecosystem productivity assessment is then revised based on the comparison between the estimated watershed net carbon sink and the change in watershed net carbon storage, resulting in the revised watershed carbon sink potential. Specifically, this refers to: The net ecosystem productivity assessment value is calculated by accumulating the values ​​at the watershed scale using a process-based ecosystem model over the study period to obtain an estimate of the watershed net carbon sink. Based on measured data from the four major carbon pools and combined with land use change information, the change in net carbon storage in the watershed was obtained. Based on the comparative analysis of net carbon sink data acquired during the study period, the accuracy of the ecosystem model of the process was assessed using evaluation indicators including relative error, root mean square error, and coefficient of determination. By introducing correction factors or establishing zonal correction models, systematic biases or local deviations in the model can be corrected, the net ecosystem productivity assessment value can be revised, and the revised watershed carbon sink potential can be obtained.

6. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the emission sources defined in the current standard accounting system, the carbon emissions of the watershed are obtained, specifically referring to: Based on the IPCC classification standards and combined with the characteristics of the watershed's natural-social complex ecosystem, carbon emissions from the five major emission sources were calculated. This study obtains data on various fossil fuel consumption data from industrial enterprises, residential entities, and transportation. For large-scale industrial enterprises, the localized factor using the Tier 2 method is applied; for others, the IPCC default emission factor using the Tier 1 method is applied. This data is then used to calculate carbon emissions from energy activities. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. Expressed as fuel consumption. Expressed as emission factor, This is expressed as the lower heating value of the fuel. Expressed as carbon content, Expressed as carbon oxidation rate; Carbon emissions from agricultural activities include CH4 emissions from paddy fields, direct and indirect N2O emissions from farmland, and emissions from livestock and poultry farming. Paddy field area, water management type, and organic matter addition were obtained, and the Tier 2 correction method was used to calculate CH4 emissions from paddy fields based on water management patterns. Nitrogen fertilizer application rates were obtained, and the Tier 2 method was used to calculate direct N2O emissions from farmland. Indirect N2O emissions from farmland include atmospheric deposition and leaching, both with an emission factor of 1%, calculated as 0.75% and 2% of the nitrogen fertilizer application rate, respectively. Livestock and poultry inventory / slaughter numbers were statistically analyzed, and IPCC species-specific emission factors were used to calculate livestock and poultry intestinal fermentation and manure emissions. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. The area is expressed as the area of ​​paddy fields. Expressed as emission factor, This represents the number of days in the reproductive period. Expressed as conversion factor, Represented as the organic matter correction factor; In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. This is expressed as the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. Expressed as emission factor; High-resolution remote sensing data was used to generate land use maps for the initial and final assessment periods, obtaining the area of ​​land use transformation and the carbon density of typical land use types within the watershed. Tier 2 methods were used to calculate the carbon emissions from major land use transformation types, while Tier 1 methods were used for the remaining types. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. This represents the sum of carbon densities of land types before transformation. Expressed as the sum of carbon densities of land types after transformation. For the conversion area; Waste emissions include CH4 emissions from municipal sewage and landfill emissions from domestic waste; wastewater discharge volume and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration are statistically analyzed, and the Tier 2 method is used to calculate CH4 emissions from municipal sewage; the IPCC landfill gas model is employed. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. Expressed as total COD in wastewater; By statistically analyzing raw material consumption and combining it with process emission factors, the carbon emissions during industrial production are calculated using Tier 2 accounting. In the formula, Expressed as carbon emissions. This is expressed as the amount of raw materials consumed. It is expressed as an emission factor.

7. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the respective criteria for basin carbon storage, modified basin carbon sink potential, and basin carbon emissions, the basin is divided into multiple green carbon pool functional zones. For each functional zone, multi-objective, coordinated carbon pool construction measures are developed, with the ultimate goal of achieving green carbon saturation. Specifically, these measures include: Functional zones are divided according to the amount of carbon storage in the watershed from high to low. The spatial pattern of carbon storage in the watershed is analyzed. The core measures for high carbon storage zones are to consolidate and strengthen the carbon storage and prevent its loss, while the core measures for low carbon storage zones are to activate carbon sink potential and rebuild carbon pool function. Functional zones are divided according to the watershed carbon sequestration potential from high to low. Based on carbon sequestration intensity, dynamic characteristics of carbon sequestration and ecological function positioning, the core measures for high carbon sequestration potential zones are to consolidate and strengthen carbon sequestration efficiency, while the core measures for low carbon sequestration potential zones are to activate carbon sequestration potential and transform carbon sources. Functional zones are divided according to the carbon emission intensity of the watershed from high to low. The emission sources, local ecology and functional positioning are analyzed. The core measures for high carbon emission intensity zones are policy-driven and strengthened management, while the core measures for low carbon emission intensity zones are balanced regulation, optimization and promotion, and ecological carbon sequestration.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the carbon pool construction measures are implemented, watershed net ecosystem carbon balance trend assessment data for each functional zone will be acquired at a set frequency. Based on the trend assessment data's change relative to the critical point or threshold, regulatory feedback on the carbon pool construction measures for different functional zones will be obtained. Adjustments to the carbon pool construction measures will be made based on this feedback. Specifically, this means: Based on the monitoring stations set up in each functional zone of the watershed carbon pool, multi-source data including vegetation carbon flux, soil organic carbon content, carbon migration flux, anthropogenic carbon emission intensity, and carbon deposition rate are obtained. Based on multi-source data, time series trend analysis and spatial interpolation methods were used to obtain the changing trends and spatial differentiation characteristics of the net ecosystem carbon balance of each functional zone. Based on the threshold of net ecosystem carbon balance in different functional zones, when the net ecosystem carbon balance in a functional zone meets the set conditions relative to the corresponding threshold, key influencing factors are identified as the target basis for optimizing carbon pool construction measures. Based on whether the changing trend of the net ecosystem carbon balance of the watershed in each functional zone is always greater than the critical point, the effectiveness of carbon pool construction measures is evaluated. When the changing trend of the net ecosystem carbon balance of the watershed approaches or falls below the critical point, dynamic adjustments are made in conjunction with the carbon pool construction measures of different functional zones. By iterating the aforementioned steps at a set frequency as the evaluation cycle, the sustainable growth of the watershed's green carbon pool can be driven.

9. A watershed green carbon pool construction device based on assessment-feedback regulation, characterized in that, The construction apparatus includes: Memory is used to store executable instructions for a computer; A processor, when executing computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, implements the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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