Road engineering cost dynamic accounting and early warning method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a road engineering cost dynamic accounting and early warning method and system. The method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a full-cycle cost data system; s2, collecting and preprocessing dynamic data; s3, constructing and operating a full-period cost dynamic accounting model; s4, setting a cost early warning threshold value; and S5, cost dynamic early warning and response. The system comprises a data system construction module; a data acquisition and preprocessing module; a dynamic accounting module; a threshold setting module; an early warning and response module; and a storage module. For the field of road engineering, the method belongs to a technology capable of realizing whole-cycle cost overall planning, dynamic accurate accounting and hierarchical intelligent early warning and response, so that the requirement on cost management in the current road engineering is met, and the method has important significance in improving the investment benefit of infrastructure construction; the method has good social benefits and use value in the field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of information technology management and control in road engineering, specifically to a method and system for dynamic cost accounting and early warning throughout the entire lifecycle of road engineering cost management. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of infrastructure construction, road engineering is characterized by long construction cycles, numerous stakeholders, complex cost structures, and volatile influencing factors. Its full-cycle cost management (planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance) directly impacts project investment returns and public interests. Currently, the following problems commonly exist in the field of road engineering cost management: Fragmented cost management and a lack of comprehensive lifecycle planning: Existing technologies primarily focus on cost control during the construction phase, neglecting early cost forecasting in the planning and design phase and long-term cost accounting in the operation and maintenance phase. This fragmented cost data across different stages prevents the formation of a closed-loop cost management system throughout the entire lifecycle, leading to problems such as design flaws causing a surge in later operation and maintenance costs and difficulty in tracing the root causes of construction cost overruns. Specifically, firstly, traditional cost data collection relies on manual entry, which is inefficient and prone to errors. Furthermore, the lack of a unified multi-dimensional cost data classification standard results in inconsistent data formats and definitions from different sources (suppliers, construction teams, and operation and maintenance units), hindering effective data integration and comparative analysis and compromising the accuracy of cost accounting. Secondly, existing cost accounting models often use fixed parameters, failing to fully consider the cross-influence of costs at different stages (such as the impact of material selection during construction on maintenance costs during operation and maintenance), and struggling to dynamically adapt to real-time factors such as material price fluctuations, labor cost adjustments, and policy changes. This leads to significant discrepancies between the calculated results and actual costs, failing to provide accurate data for cost control. Third, existing early warning methods are mostly based on fixed threshold triggers and do not dynamically adjust the thresholds according to the personalized characteristics such as project type and scale; moreover, the early warning level is singular, which can only simply indicate cost overruns and lacks in-depth analysis of the causes of overruns and differentiated response mechanisms, resulting in untimely risk handling and insufficient targeted control measures, which can easily lead to cost out of control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, to address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing methods, this invention provides a method and system for dynamic cost accounting and early warning throughout the entire lifecycle of road engineering projects. For application in the field of road engineering, this application represents a comprehensive technology capable of achieving full-cycle cost coordination, dynamic and accurate accounting, and hierarchical intelligent early warning and response, thus addressing the current cost management needs in road engineering and significantly contributing to improving the investment efficiency of infrastructure construction.

[0004] This invention is implemented by constructing a method for dynamic cost accounting and early warning throughout the entire lifecycle of road engineering projects, comprising the following steps: S1. Construction of a full-cycle cost data system: sort out the cost components of the entire stage of road engineering planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and establish a multi-dimensional cost data classification standard. The cost components include labor costs, material costs, machinery rental costs, design consulting costs, operation and maintenance costs and unforeseen costs. The multi-dimensional cost data classification standard covers the stage dimension, cost type dimension, time dimension and responsible entity dimension. S2. Dynamic Data Acquisition and Preprocessing: Based on the constructed cost data system, deploy multi-source data acquisition terminals to collect raw cost data at each stage in real time. The multi-source data acquisition terminals include IoT sensors at the construction site, data interfaces with material suppliers, an operation and maintenance management platform, and manual data entry terminals. The collected raw data is preprocessed, including data cleaning, data standardization, and data completion. Abnormal data is removed, and data of different formats is converted into a unified standard format. S3. Construction and Calculation of Full-Cycle Cost Dynamic Accounting Model: Based on the full life cycle theory and the principle of dynamic cost management, a full-cycle cost accounting model is constructed, which includes stage connection factors and dynamic adjustment coefficients. The pre-processed cost data is input into the model to complete the cost accounting for each stage and the cumulative cost accounting for the entire cycle. The stage connection factors are used to correct the cross-influence of cost data in different stages, and the dynamic adjustment coefficients are dynamically updated according to material price fluctuations, labor wage adjustments, policy changes, and schedule deviations. S4. Cost warning threshold setting: Combining the project type, scale, construction period and historical cost data of road engineering, a multi-level cost warning threshold is set using statistical analysis methods. The multi-level warning threshold includes a warning line, a warning line and a circuit breaker line, which correspond to different levels of cost overrun risk. S5. Dynamic Cost Early Warning and Response: Real-time comparison of dynamic accounting results with set early warning thresholds. When the accounting results reach the corresponding early warning threshold, an early warning message of the corresponding level is generated. The early warning message includes the overspending link, the overspending amount, the risk level, and the cause analysis. At the same time, the corresponding response mechanism is triggered to push the message to the corresponding responsible entity for different early warning levels and output risk management suggestions.

[0005] The method described in this invention, in step S1, includes the process of constructing the multi-dimensional cost data classification standard, which comprises: S1-1 Extract typical cost items for each stage of the entire road project lifecycle and establish a cost item list; S1-2 is based on the attribute characteristics of cost items, and is divided into the following dimensions: stage (planning and design stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage), cost type (direct cost, indirect cost), time (annual, quarterly, monthly, weekly), and responsible entity (construction unit, construction unit, design unit, operation and maintenance unit). S1-3 assigns a unique identifier code to each cost item under each dimension, forming a standardized cost data system dictionary.

[0006] In the method described in this invention, step S2, the data preprocessing specifically includes: S2-1 Data Cleaning: The 3σ principle is used to identify outlier data, and missing data is filled by using the mean of adjacent time periods or by interpolation based on historical similar data. S2-2 Data Standardization: Convert cost data from different units into a unified value in ten thousand yuan, and convert time format data from different sources into UTC timestamp format; S2-3 Data Validation: Verify the accuracy of the preprocessed data using cross-validation methods to ensure that the data matches the actual project progress and cost expenditures.

[0007] In the method described in this invention, step S3, the expression for the full-cycle cost accounting model is: in, C total The total cost is the cumulative cost over the entire project lifecycle, where n represents the number of stages in the road construction project lifecycle. C i The basic accounting cost for stage i, a i Let be the stage transition factor for stage i. β i The dynamic adjustment coefficient for stage i; the stage transition factor a i The dynamic adjustment coefficient is determined based on the cost crossover ratio between stage i and stage i-1. β i It is a weighted sum of the material price fluctuation coefficient, the labor wage adjustment coefficient, the policy impact coefficient, and the construction period deviation coefficient.

[0008] In the method described in this invention, step S4, the method for setting the multi-level cost early warning threshold is as follows: S4-1 Collect historical cost data for similar road projects and statistically analyze the probability distribution of cost overruns; Based on the project's target cost and combined with historical overrun probabilities, S4-2 sets the warning line at 105%~110% of the target cost, the alert line at 110%~120% of the target cost, and the circuit breaker line at 120% or more of the target cost. S4-3 updates the early warning thresholds regularly based on the actual progress of the project to ensure the dynamic adaptability of the thresholds.

[0009] In the method described in this invention, step S5 includes the response mechanism comprising: When S5-1 reaches the warning line, a yellow warning message is generated and pushed to the cost management personnel of the construction unit and the project specialists of the construction unit, and a list of cost optimization suggestions is output. When S5-2 reaches the warning line, an orange warning message is generated and pushed to the project manager of the construction unit, the project manager of the construction unit, and the supervision unit. A special meeting is organized to analyze the causes of the cost overrun and to formulate a special control plan. When S5-3 triggers the circuit breaker, a red warning message is generated and sent to senior management personnel of all responsible parties and relevant regulatory departments, suspending the relevant engineering process until the risk control plan is approved and construction resumes.

[0010] A dynamic cost accounting and early warning system for road engineering projects, comprising: Data system construction module: used to sort out the cost components of the entire life cycle of road engineering, establish multi-dimensional cost data classification standards, and generate a cost data system dictionary; Data acquisition and preprocessing module: includes a multi-source data acquisition terminal and a data processing unit. The multi-source data acquisition terminal is used to collect raw cost data at each stage in real time, and the data processing unit is used to clean, standardize and complete the raw data. Dynamic accounting module: It has a built-in full-cycle cost accounting model based on the full life cycle theory and dynamic cost management principle. It is used to receive pre-processed cost data and complete the dynamic accounting of costs at each stage and the cumulative cost throughout the entire cycle. Threshold setting module: Used to set and dynamically update multi-level cost early warning thresholds by combining project information and historical cost data and employing statistical analysis methods; Early warning and response module: used to compare dynamic accounting results with early warning thresholds in real time, generate early warning information of corresponding levels, trigger corresponding response mechanisms, push early warning information to relevant responsible entities and output risk management suggestions; Storage module: Used to store the cost data system dictionary, raw cost data, preprocessed data, calculation results, early warning thresholds and early warning records.

[0011] The system described in this invention includes an IoT sensing terminal, a third-party data interface, a manual data entry terminal, and a mobile data acquisition terminal. The IoT sensing terminal is deployed at the construction site to collect data on machinery operating time, material consumption, and on-site personnel attendance. The third-party data interface is used to connect with price data from material suppliers, consulting fee data from design units, and maintenance record data from operation and maintenance units. The mobile data acquisition terminal is used by on-site management personnel to input data on unexpected expenses and engineering change costs in real time.

[0012] The system described in this invention also includes a visualization module, which is used to display the dynamic trend of cost changes throughout the entire cycle, the cost ratio of each stage, the statistics of early warning information, and the progress of risk control in real time in the form of charts. The charts include line charts, pie charts, bar charts, and heat maps.

[0013] The system described in this invention features a storage module that employs a distributed storage architecture, supports real-time reading and writing of massive amounts of cost data, and also has a data backup function that periodically backs up cost data to a cloud server to ensure data security and traceability.

[0014] This invention has the following innovations and advantages: First, this invention breaks through the limitations of traditional phased and single-dimensional cost management in road engineering. It clearly covers the entire process of planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and integrates four dimensions—phase, cost type, time, and responsible party—to construct a cost data system, forming a standardized dictionary through unique identifier codes. This alleviates the problems of fragmented cost data and difficulty in comparison between different stages in existing technologies, laying a corresponding data foundation for dynamic accounting of projects throughout their entire lifecycle.

[0015] Secondly, this invention proposes a full-cycle cost accounting model that includes a stage-connecting factor (correcting for cross-stage cost cross-influence) and a dynamic adjustment coefficient (weighted average of material prices, labor costs, policies, and construction period factors). This model quantifies the cumulative cost throughout the entire project lifecycle through formulas. Compared to existing accounting models, this further achieves dynamic adaptation of cost data, improving the accuracy and timeliness of cost accounting for road projects throughout their entire lifecycle.

[0016] Third, this invention sets three levels of thresholds—early warning line, warning line, and circuit breaker line—based on historical data statistical analysis, and designs differentiated response processes for different early warning levels (layered push to the corresponding responsible entities and output of specific control recommendations). This solves the problems of traditional single early warning thresholds and delayed response, and further realizes hierarchical control and precise handling of cost risks.

[0017] Fourth, at the system level, it integrates multiple data collection devices such as IoT sensing terminals, third-party data interfaces, and mobile collection terminals to achieve real-time collection of cost data across all scenarios, including machinery operation, material consumption, and unexpected expenses. Combined with distributed storage (ensuring secure reading and writing of massive amounts of data) and a visualization module (dynamically presenting cost trends and risks), it forms a solution for collection, processing, accounting, early warning, and display, breaking through the limitations of existing systems such as incomplete data collection and unintuitive interaction. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figures 1-2 This is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the method described in this application; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the system structure and operational functional modules of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following will be combined with the appendix Figures 1-3 This invention will be described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0020] Example 1, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, this invention provides a method for dynamic cost accounting and early warning of road engineering throughout its entire lifecycle, comprising the following steps: S1. Construction of a full-cycle cost data system: sort out the cost components of the entire stage of road engineering planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and establish a multi-dimensional cost data classification standard. The cost components include labor costs, material costs, machinery rental costs, design consulting costs, operation and maintenance costs and unforeseen costs. The multi-dimensional cost data classification standard covers the stage dimension, cost type dimension, time dimension and responsible entity dimension. S2. Dynamic Data Acquisition and Preprocessing: Based on the constructed cost data system, deploy multi-source data acquisition terminals to collect raw cost data at each stage in real time. The multi-source data acquisition terminals include IoT sensors at the construction site, data interfaces with material suppliers, an operation and maintenance management platform, and manual data entry terminals. The collected raw data is preprocessed, including data cleaning, data standardization, and data completion. Abnormal data is removed, and data of different formats is converted into a unified standard format. S3. Construction and Calculation of Full-Cycle Cost Dynamic Accounting Model: Based on the full life cycle theory and the principle of dynamic cost management, a full-cycle cost accounting model is constructed, which includes stage connection factors and dynamic adjustment coefficients. The pre-processed cost data is input into the model to complete the cost accounting for each stage and the cumulative cost accounting for the entire cycle. The stage connection factors are used to correct the cross-influence of cost data in different stages, and the dynamic adjustment coefficients are dynamically updated according to material price fluctuations, labor wage adjustments, policy changes, and schedule deviations. S4. Cost warning threshold setting: Combining the project type, scale, construction period and historical cost data of road engineering, a multi-level cost warning threshold is set using statistical analysis methods. The multi-level warning threshold includes a warning line, a warning line and a circuit breaker line, which correspond to different levels of cost overrun risk. S5. Dynamic Cost Early Warning and Response: Real-time comparison of dynamic accounting results with set early warning thresholds. When the accounting results reach the corresponding early warning threshold, an early warning message of the corresponding level is generated. The early warning message includes the overspending link, the overspending amount, the risk level, and the cause analysis. At the same time, the corresponding response mechanism is triggered to push the message to the corresponding responsible entity for different early warning levels and output risk management suggestions.

[0021] In step S1 of the above embodiment, the process of constructing the multi-dimensional cost data classification standard includes: S1-1 Extract typical cost items for each stage of the entire road project lifecycle and establish a cost item list; S1-2 is based on the attribute characteristics of cost items, and is divided into the following dimensions: stage (planning and design stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage), cost type (direct cost, indirect cost), time (annual, quarterly, monthly, weekly), and responsible entity (construction unit, construction unit, design unit, operation and maintenance unit). S1-3 assigns a unique identifier code to each cost item under each dimension, forming a standardized cost data system dictionary.

[0022] In step S2 of the above embodiment, the data preprocessing specifically includes: S2-1 Data Cleaning: The 3σ principle is used to identify outlier data, and missing data is filled by using the mean of adjacent time periods or by interpolation based on historical similar data. S2-2 Data Standardization: Convert cost data from different units into a unified value in ten thousand yuan, and convert time format data from different sources into UTC timestamp format; S2-3 Data Validation: Verify the accuracy of the preprocessed data using cross-validation methods to ensure that the data matches the actual project progress and cost expenditures.

[0023] In step S3 of the above embodiment, the expression of the full-cycle cost accounting model is: in, C total The total cost is the cumulative cost over the entire project lifecycle, where n represents the number of stages in the road construction project lifecycle. C i The basic accounting cost for stage i, a i Let be the stage transition factor for stage i. β i The dynamic adjustment coefficient for stage i; the stage transition factor a i The dynamic adjustment coefficient is determined based on the cost crossover ratio between stage i and stage i-1. βi It is a weighted sum of the material price fluctuation coefficient, the labor wage adjustment coefficient, the policy impact coefficient, and the construction period deviation coefficient.

[0024] In step S4 of the above embodiment, the method for setting the multi-level cost early warning threshold is as follows: S4-1 Collect historical cost data for similar road projects and statistically analyze the probability distribution of cost overruns; Based on the project's target cost and combined with historical overrun probabilities, S4-2 sets the warning line at 105%~110% of the target cost, the alert line at 110%~120% of the target cost, and the circuit breaker line at 120% or more of the target cost. S4-3 updates the early warning thresholds regularly based on the actual progress of the project to ensure the dynamic adaptability of the thresholds.

[0025] In step S5 of the above embodiment, the response mechanism includes: When S5-1 reaches the warning line, a yellow warning message is generated and pushed to the cost management personnel of the construction unit and the project specialists of the construction unit, and a list of cost optimization suggestions is output. When S5-2 reaches the warning line, an orange warning message is generated and pushed to the project manager of the construction unit, the project manager of the construction unit, and the supervision unit. A special meeting is organized to analyze the causes of the cost overrun and to formulate a special control plan. When S5-3 triggers the circuit breaker, a red warning message is generated and sent to senior management personnel of all responsible parties and relevant regulatory departments, suspending the relevant engineering process until the risk control plan is approved and construction resumes.

[0026] Example 2: This invention provides a dynamic cost accounting and early warning system for road engineering throughout its entire lifecycle. The system structure is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes: Data system construction module: used to sort out the cost components of the entire life cycle of road engineering, establish multi-dimensional cost data classification standards, and generate a cost data system dictionary; Data acquisition and preprocessing module: includes a multi-source data acquisition terminal and a data processing unit. The multi-source data acquisition terminal is used to collect raw cost data at each stage in real time, and the data processing unit is used to clean, standardize and complete the raw data. Dynamic accounting module: It has a built-in full-cycle cost accounting model based on the full life cycle theory and dynamic cost management principle. It is used to receive pre-processed cost data and complete the dynamic accounting of costs at each stage and the cumulative cost throughout the entire cycle. Threshold setting module: Used to set and dynamically update multi-level cost early warning thresholds by combining project information and historical cost data and employing statistical analysis methods; Early warning and response module: used to compare dynamic accounting results with early warning thresholds in real time, generate early warning information of corresponding levels, trigger corresponding response mechanisms, push early warning information to relevant responsible entities and output risk management suggestions; Storage module: Used to store the cost data system dictionary, raw cost data, preprocessed data, calculation results, early warning thresholds and early warning records.

[0027] In the system described in Embodiment 2, the multi-source data acquisition terminal includes an IoT sensing terminal, a third-party data interface, a manual data entry terminal, and a mobile acquisition terminal. The IoT sensing terminal is deployed at the construction site to collect data on machinery operating time, material consumption, and on-site personnel attendance. The third-party data interface is used to connect with price data from material suppliers, consulting fee data from design units, and maintenance record data from operation and maintenance units. The mobile acquisition terminal is used by on-site management personnel to input data on unexpected expenses and engineering change costs in real time.

[0028] The system described in Embodiment 2 also includes a visualization module, which is used to display the dynamic trend of cost changes throughout the entire cycle, the cost ratio of each stage, the statistics of early warning information, and the progress of risk control in real time in the form of charts. The charts include line charts, pie charts, bar charts, and heat maps.

[0029] In the system described in Embodiment 2, the storage module adopts a distributed storage architecture, supports real-time reading and writing of massive cost data, and also has a data backup function, regularly backing up cost data to a cloud server to ensure data security and traceability.

[0030] The following provides an application example of the present invention, which will be used to further describe the present application in detail with reference to the above implementation process; The following example illustrates the implementation process of the dynamic cost accounting and early warning method for the entire life cycle of road engineering of this invention. The implementation process is based on the system described above to realize the collaborative work of each module.

[0031] (I) Implementation Preparation: Establish a special working group composed of the construction unit, construction unit, design unit, operation and maintenance unit and third-party consulting agency, and clarify the responsibilities of each entity: the construction unit is responsible for overall coordination, the construction unit is responsible for on-site data collection, the design unit provides a cost element list for the design stage, the operation and maintenance unit provides historical operation and maintenance data, and the third-party consulting agency is responsible for data verification and model parameter calibration; deploy the multi-source data collection terminals mentioned above, including deploying 20 IoT sensors on the construction site (covering material storage yard, machinery operation area and personnel entrance and exit), connecting the data interfaces of 3 core material suppliers (asphalt, cement and steel), configuring 15 mobile collection terminals for on-site management personnel, and completing the debugging and data connection of each module of the system.

[0032] (II) Specific Implementation Steps S1: Construction and Implementation of a Full-Cycle Cost Data System ① The special working group sorted out the cost components of the main road renovation project at all stages, extracted typical cost items and established a list, including: survey fees, design fees, and feasibility study fees in the planning and design stage; labor costs (salaries of steelworkers, concrete workers, etc.), material costs (asphalt, cement, steel, etc.), machinery rental costs (excavators, road rollers, etc.), and safe and civilized construction costs in the construction stage; and road surface maintenance costs, greening maintenance costs, and traffic facility maintenance costs in the operation and maintenance stage. Unforeseen costs (additional expenses caused by changes in geological conditions and extreme weather) were also included.

[0033] ② Based on cost item attributes, four dimensions are defined: stage dimension (planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance), cost type dimension (direct cost / indirect cost), time dimension (construction stage is counted monthly, operation and maintenance stage is counted quarterly), and responsible entity dimension (construction unit / construction company / design unit / operation and maintenance unit).

[0034] ③ A 16-bit coding rule of "stage code - cost type code - time code - cost item code" is adopted to assign a unique identifier to each cost item. For example, "planning and design stage - direct cost - 2024 Q1 - survey fee" is coded as "01-01-2024Q1-001", forming a standardized cost data system dictionary, which is stored from the data system construction module to the storage module.

[0035] S2: Implementation of Dynamic Data Acquisition and Preprocessing ① Data Collection: During the design phase, raw data such as survey fees and design fees are manually entered through input terminals; during the construction phase, IoT sensors are used to collect real-time data on machinery operating time (excavator average 6.5 hours per day), material consumption (average asphalt consumption 80 tons per day), and personnel attendance (average attendance 120 people per day). Real-time material prices (asphalt 5200 yuan / ton, cement 450 yuan / ton) are obtained through supplier data interfaces, and unexpected expenses (such as additional expenses of 23,000 yuan for foundation pit drainage due to heavy rain) are entered through mobile data collection terminals; during the operation and maintenance phase, road maintenance records and cost data are obtained through the operation and maintenance management platform.

[0036] ② Data preprocessing: Data cleaning: The 3σ principle was used to identify abnormal data. One abnormal data point, "excavator running for 25 hours a day," caused by a sensor malfunction, was removed. Two missing cement price data points were supplemented using the average of the three adjacent days (448 yuan / ton). Data standardization: Convert all cost data to units of 10,000 yuan (e.g., convert 5,200 yuan / ton of asphalt to 5,200 yuan / ton), and convert time data from different sources to UTC timestamp format. Data validation: Cross-validation (comparing material consumption with construction progress reports, labor costs with attendance records) ensures data accuracy. After successful validation, the data processing unit transmits the preprocessed data to the dynamic accounting module.

[0037] S3: Construction and Implementation of a Dynamic Cost Accounting Model for the Entire Life Cycle ① Model Construction: Based on the full life cycle theory and the principle of dynamic cost management, an accounting model is constructed that includes a stage connection factor α and a dynamic adjustment coefficient β. The parameters are calibrated in combination with the characteristics of this main road project: the stage connection factor α is determined according to the cost crossover ratio of adjacent stages (e.g., the crossover cost ratio between the construction stage and the operation and maintenance stage due to material selection is 2%, so α=1.02 for the construction stage); the dynamic adjustment coefficient β is calculated by weighted sum, and the weights are determined by expert review (material price fluctuation coefficient weight 0.4, labor wage adjustment coefficient weight 0.3, policy impact coefficient weight 0.15, and schedule deviation coefficient weight 0.15).

[0038] ② Model Calculation: Input the preprocessed data from each stage into the model to calculate the cost of each stage and the cumulative cost over the entire period. For example, the basic accounting cost in the third month of construction is C3 = 8.5 million yuan, α3 = 1.02, β3 = 1.05 (the price of asphalt increased by 3% and labor costs increased by 2% that month), so the accounting cost for that month is 8.5 million × 1.02 × 1.05 = 9.1305 million yuan; the cumulative cost over the entire period up to the third month of construction is C = C1 × α1 × β1 + C2 × α2 × β2 + C3 × α3 × β3 = 2.3 million × 1.0 × 1.01 + 6.8 million × 1.01 × 1.03 + 9.1305 = 18.4562 million yuan. The calculation results are stored in real time in the storage module.

[0039] S4: Implementation of Cost Early Warning Threshold Setting ① Collect historical cost data from five similar urban main road renovation projects and statistically analyze the probability distribution of cost overruns: 30% probability of overrun within 5%, 15% probability of overrun between 5% and 10%, and 8% probability of overrun above 10%.

[0040] ② Based on the project's target cost of 280 million yuan, set multi-level early warning thresholds: the early warning line (yellow) is 280 million yuan × 1.08 = 302.4 million yuan (8% over budget), the warning line (orange) is 280 million yuan × 1.15 = 322 million yuan (15% over budget), and the circuit breaker line (red) is 280 million yuan × 1.2 = 336 million yuan (20% over budget).

[0041] ③ Set the threshold update cycle to monthly. The threshold setting module will dynamically adjust the threshold based on the actual progress of the project (such as a 10-day delay in the construction period or a significant fluctuation in material prices). The adjustment records will be synchronized to the storage module.

[0042] S5: Implementation of Dynamic Cost Early Warning and Response ① Early warning monitoring: The early warning and response module compares the dynamic calculation results with the early warning threshold in real time. In the 10th month of construction, the total cost of the entire cycle was RMB 168 million, which corresponds to the target progress cost of RMB 152 million, an overspending of 10.5%, which triggered the warning line (orange warning).

[0043] ② Warning information generation: The system automatically generates orange warning information, including the overspending link (asphalt material procurement), the overspending amount of 16 million yuan, the risk level (high), and the cause analysis (the asphalt price has increased by 12% compared with the benchmark price, exceeding the previous prediction by 5%).

[0044] ③ Response mechanism trigger: The system pushes the orange warning information to the project manager of the construction unit, the project manager of the construction unit, and the supervision unit, and triggers a special meeting notification at the same time; after the special working group holds a meeting to analyze the causes, it formulates a special control plan (replacing some asphalt suppliers and optimizing construction technology to reduce asphalt consumption). The plan displays the control progress in real time through the visualization module. After the control measures are implemented, the risk of cost overrun is reduced to 5%, and the warning is lifted.

[0045] (III) Implementation Results: Through its implementation process, the project achieved dynamic and precise control of the entire life cycle cost of the urban main road renovation project. The cost overrun rate during the construction phase was controlled within 8%, which is 12 percentage points lower than the traditional management method. During the operation and maintenance phase, the maintenance plan was optimized with the support of the early cost data, and the annual operation and maintenance cost was reduced by 15%. The error rate of the full life cycle cost accounting was ≤3%, and the early warning response time was ≤24 hours, which effectively improved the investment efficiency of the project.

[0046] The following section elaborates on the social benefits and use value brought about by the implementation process of this application; (I) Social benefits: (1) Road engineering is mostly funded by public finance. This invention effectively reduces the overspending rate during the construction phase and optimizes the cost expenditure during the operation and maintenance phase through the dynamic cost control technology of the entire cycle of road engineering, which greatly improves the return on investment of the project. As shown in the specific embodiment, the construction overspending rate is reduced by 12 percentage points and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced by 15%. According to the average investment scale of urban main roads, a single project can save tens of millions of yuan of public funds. These saved funds can be reinvested in more infrastructure construction, expand the supply of public services, and contribute to urban development. (2) The multi-dimensional cost data system, dynamic accounting model and hierarchical early warning mechanism constructed by this invention provide the industry with a standardized solution for full-cycle cost management. It breaks the limitations of traditional cost management being fragmented and experience-based, promotes the industry to transform from post-event accounting to pre-event prediction, in-event control and post-event optimization, and improves the cost management level and engineering construction quality of the entire industry. (3) Through cost accounting and optimization suggestions, this invention can guide construction units to take into account both cost and environmental benefits in material selection, process optimization and other aspects. For example, in the specific implementation of the road, by optimizing the construction process to reduce the amount of asphalt consumption, not only is the cost reduced, but also the carbon emissions in the asphalt production and transportation process are reduced; the precise maintenance plan in the operation and maintenance stage can avoid the waste of resources caused by excessive maintenance, extend the service life of the road, and realize the sustainable development of road engineering. (4) The construction and operation and maintenance quality of road engineering is directly related to the safety and convenience of citizens' travel. This invention avoids the problem of reduced engineering quality due to cost overruns through precise cost control, and ensures the quality of road construction; at the same time, the dynamic cost control in the operation and maintenance stage can ensure the precise allocation of maintenance funds, timely repair of road defects, and improvement of road travel experience. In addition, the transparent cost management process also helps to strengthen social supervision and improve the standardization and openness of urban infrastructure governance.

[0047] (II) Use Value: (1) For construction units, it provides accurate decision support and reduces investment risks: Construction units can use this system to keep track of the full-cycle cost dynamics in real time and clearly understand the cost composition and overspending risk points at each stage. Based on the cause analysis and control suggestions generated by the system, scientific decisions can be made quickly (such as adjusting investment plans and optimizing resource allocation), effectively avoiding investment risks caused by cost overruns. At the same time, the standardized cost data system facilitates cost comparison and analysis between different projects, providing accurate reference for subsequent project investment estimates. (2) For construction units, it strengthens cost process control and improves profitability. Construction units can use multi-source data acquisition terminals to achieve real-time and automatic collection of cost data, reducing manual input errors and workload; through dynamic accounting models, they can accurately grasp the cost consumption of each construction link, and promptly discover and deal with potential cost overruns. The cost optimization suggestions output by the system (such as changing suppliers and optimizing construction technology) can directly guide on-site construction and reduce construction costs. In addition, the hierarchical response mechanism can help construction units quickly coordinate resources, avoid delays in the construction period due to cost issues, and improve project profitability and market competitiveness. (3) For maintenance units, this system enables precise maintenance and reduces maintenance costs: Maintenance units can obtain complete cost and technical data during the road construction phase through this system, providing data support for the formulation of maintenance plans. The system's dynamic accounting and early warning of maintenance costs can avoid problems of over-maintenance or untimely maintenance: When maintenance costs approach the early warning threshold, the system will push optimization suggestions to guide maintenance units to adopt more economical and efficient maintenance methods (such as preventive maintenance), reduce the average annual maintenance cost, and extend the service life of the road. (4) For regulatory departments, this system improves regulatory efficiency and standardizes industry order: Regulatory departments can use the system's visualization display module to grasp the cost dynamics and early warning information of road projects within their jurisdiction in real time, achieving remote and precise supervision of project costs. The complete cost data and early warning records stored in the system provide traceable evidence for the supervision and inspection and investigation of violations by regulatory departments, which helps to standardize market order, combat illegal and irregular cost operations, and create a fair and just industry environment. (5) For industry consulting firms, this system enhances service professionalism and expands service areas: Third-party consulting firms can leverage the system's standardized data system and dynamic accounting model to provide clients with more accurate and professional cost consulting services (such as cost auditing and risk assessment). The large amount of cost data accumulated by the system can be used for industry research, forming an industry cost benchmark database, further expanding the scope of consulting services and enhancing industry influence.

[0048] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic cost accounting and early warning of road engineering projects, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Cost Data System Construction: Organize the cost components of the entire stage of road engineering planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and establish multi-dimensional cost data classification standards; S2. Dynamic Data Acquisition and Preprocessing: Based on the constructed cost data system, deploy multi-source data acquisition terminals to collect raw cost data at each stage in real time and preprocess the collected raw data. S3. Construction and Calculation of Dynamic Cost Accounting Model: Construct a full-cycle cost accounting model that includes stage connection factors and dynamic adjustment coefficients; input the preprocessed cost data into the model to complete the cost accounting for each stage and the cumulative cost accounting for the entire cycle. The stage connection factors are used to correct the cross-influence of cost data in different stages, and the dynamic adjustment coefficients are dynamically updated according to material price fluctuations, labor wage adjustments, policy changes and schedule deviations. S4. Cost warning threshold setting: Combining the project type, scale, construction period and historical cost data of road engineering, a multi-level cost warning threshold is set using statistical analysis methods. The multi-level warning threshold includes warning line, warning line and circuit breaker line, which correspond to different levels of cost overrun risk. S5. Dynamic Cost Early Warning and Response: Real-time comparison of dynamic accounting results with set early warning thresholds. When the accounting results reach the corresponding early warning threshold, an early warning message of the corresponding level is generated. At the same time, the corresponding response mechanism is triggered to push the message to the relevant responsible parties for different early warning levels and output risk management suggestions.

2. The method for dynamic cost accounting and early warning of road engineering projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the process of constructing the multi-dimensional cost data classification standard includes: S1-1 Extract typical cost items for each stage of the entire road project lifecycle and establish a cost item list; S1-2 is based on the attribute characteristics of cost items, and is divided into stage dimension, expense type dimension, time dimension, and responsible entity dimension; S1-3 assigns a unique identifier code to each cost item under each dimension, forming a standardized cost data system dictionary.

3. The method for dynamic cost accounting and early warning of road engineering projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the data preprocessing specifically includes: S2-1 Data Cleaning: The 3σ principle is used to identify outlier data, and missing data is filled by using the mean of adjacent time periods or by interpolation based on historical similar data. S2-2 Data Standardization: Convert cost data from different units into a unified value in ten thousand yuan, and convert time format data from different sources into UTC timestamp format; S2-3 Data Validation: Verify the accuracy of the preprocessed data using cross-validation methods to ensure that the data matches the actual project progress and cost expenditures.

4. The method for dynamic cost accounting and early warning of road engineering projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the expression for the full-cycle cost accounting model is: in, C total The total cost is the cumulative cost over the entire project lifecycle, where n represents the number of stages in the road construction project lifecycle. C i The basic accounting cost for stage i, a i Let be the stage transition factor for stage i. β i The dynamic adjustment coefficient for stage i; the stage transition factor a i The dynamic adjustment coefficient is determined based on the cost crossover ratio between stage i and stage i-1. β i It is a weighted sum of the material price fluctuation coefficient, the labor wage adjustment coefficient, the policy impact coefficient, and the construction period deviation coefficient.

5. The method for dynamic cost accounting and early warning of road engineering projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the method for setting the multi-level cost early warning threshold is as follows: S4-1 Collect historical cost data for similar road projects and statistically analyze the probability distribution of cost overruns; Based on the project's target cost and combined with historical overrun probabilities, S4-2 sets the warning line at 105%~110% of the target cost, the alert line at 110%~120% of the target cost, and the circuit breaker line at 120% or more of the target cost. S4-3 updates the early warning thresholds regularly based on the actual progress of the project to ensure the dynamic adaptability of the thresholds.

6. The method for dynamic cost accounting and early warning of road engineering projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the response mechanism includes: When S5-1 reaches the warning line, a yellow warning message is generated and pushed to the cost management personnel of the construction unit and the project specialists of the construction unit, and a list of cost optimization suggestions is output. When S5-2 reaches the warning line, an orange warning message is generated and pushed to the project manager of the construction unit, the project manager of the construction unit, and the supervision unit. A special meeting is organized to analyze the causes of the cost overrun and to formulate a special control plan. When S5-3 triggers the circuit breaker, a red warning message is generated and sent to senior management personnel of all responsible parties and relevant regulatory departments, suspending the relevant engineering process until the risk control plan is approved and construction resumes.

7. A dynamic cost accounting and early warning system for road engineering projects, characterized in that, include: Data system construction module: used to sort out the cost components of the entire life cycle of road engineering, establish multi-dimensional cost data classification standards, and generate a cost data system dictionary; Data acquisition and preprocessing module: includes a multi-source data acquisition terminal and a data processing unit. The multi-source data acquisition terminal is used to collect raw cost data at each stage in real time, and the data processing unit is used to clean, standardize and complete the raw data. Dynamic accounting module: It has a built-in full-cycle cost accounting model based on the full life cycle theory and dynamic cost management principle. It is used to receive pre-processed cost data and complete the dynamic accounting of costs at each stage and the cumulative cost throughout the entire cycle. Threshold setting module: Used to set and dynamically update multi-level cost early warning thresholds by combining project information and historical cost data and employing statistical analysis methods; Early warning and response module: used to compare dynamic accounting results with early warning thresholds in real time, generate early warning information of corresponding levels, trigger corresponding response mechanisms, push early warning information to relevant responsible entities and output risk management suggestions; Storage module: Used to store the cost data system dictionary, raw cost data, preprocessed data, calculation results, early warning thresholds and early warning records.

8. The road engineering cost dynamic accounting and early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The multi-source data acquisition terminal includes an IoT sensing terminal, a third-party data interface, a manual input terminal, and a mobile acquisition terminal; the IoT sensing terminal is deployed at the construction site to collect data on machinery operating time, material consumption, and on-site personnel attendance. The third-party data interface is used to connect with material supplier price data, design unit consulting fee data, and operation and maintenance unit maintenance record data; the mobile data acquisition terminal is used by on-site management personnel to input unexpected expenses and engineering change cost data in real time.

9. The road engineering cost dynamic accounting and early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a visualization module, which is used to display the dynamic trend of cost changes throughout the entire cycle, the cost ratio of each stage, the statistics of early warning information and the progress of risk control in real time in the form of charts. The charts include line charts, pie charts, bar charts and heat maps.

10. The road engineering cost dynamic accounting and early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The storage module adopts a distributed storage architecture, which supports real-time reading and writing of massive cost data. It also has a data backup function, which regularly backs up cost data to the cloud server to ensure data security and traceability.

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