Method for regulating and controlling pear garden soil microflora based on non-woven fabric coverage to enhance disease resistance

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving disease resistance by regulating and controlling pear garden soil microflora based on non-woven fabric coverage. According to the method, the pear garden soil is covered with polylactic acid-based biodegradable non-woven fabric, and the soil microbial structure is adjusted in cooperation with a compound microbial agent containing bacillus or actinomycetes. The polylactic acid-based non-woven fabric has good heat insulation and water retention effects, can stabilize the temperature and humidity of soil, can be naturally degraded, and has no environmental pollution risk; after degradation, proliferation of beneficial antagonistic bacteria can be promoted, and growth of pathogenic microorganisms is inhibited. The compound microbial agent can further inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and enhance the disease resistance of pear trees. The problem of micro-plastic pollution of a traditional plastic mulching film can be effectively solved, and the requirements of green agriculture and sustainable development are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards based on non-woven fabric mulching to enhance disease resistance. Background Technology

[0002] Pears are an important economic fruit tree in my country, and their yield and quality directly affect the economic benefits of fruit farmers. Healthy soil is fundamental to the robust growth of pear trees, and the balance and diversity of the soil microbial community plays a decisive role in nutrient cycling, root vitality, and disease resistance. However, current traditional soil management methods in pear orchards generally have drawbacks. For example, while clean cultivation can effectively remove weeds, frequent mechanical tillage can damage the soil aggregate structure, leading to a decrease in soil organic matter content, weakened water and fertilizer retention capacity, and a homogenized soil microbial community structure, exacerbating soil erosion and increasing the risk of disease.

[0003] To overcome the drawbacks of clean cultivation, plastic film mulching technology has been widely adopted. While traditional plastic sheeting or mulch made of materials such as polyethylene (PE) is effective in retaining moisture, providing warmth, and suppressing weeds, its biggest problem is its slow degradation. Long-term use not only leads to decreased soil permeability and soil compaction, but the microplastic particles produced after aging also pose a long-term threat to the soil ecosystem and agricultural product safety.

[0004] As an ecological management model, grass cultivation can effectively improve soil organic matter and fertility in the long run. However, in practice, grass cultivation will compete fiercely with pear trees for water and fertilizer in the early stages. Poor management can easily lead to the growth of noxious weeds and pests. Moreover, its regulatory mechanism on soil diseases is not yet clear, which may lead to a weakening of fruit tree growth in the short term.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an eco-friendly new technology that can effectively suppress weeds, retain moisture and keep warm, while avoiding microplastic pollution, improving soil microbial ecology, and ultimately enhancing the disease resistance of pear trees. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide...

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards to enhance disease resistance based on non-woven fabric mulching includes the following steps: During the pear tree growth cycle, biodegradable non-woven fabric is laid on the soil surface between tree rows or around the tree basin. At the same time, a compound microbial agent containing Bacillus or Actinomycetes is applied during the covering period to regulate the soil microbial community structure, promote the proliferation of beneficial antagonistic bacteria, inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and enhance the disease resistance of pear trees. The biodegradable nonwoven fabric is made of polylactic acid or its blends.

[0008] Preferably, the nonwoven fabric comprises the following components: 75-85% polylactic acid, 15-25% polybutylene adipate, 3-5% degradation accelerator, 1-2% tributyl citrate, 0.5-1% UV-327, and 0.8-1.5% maleic anhydride-grafted PLA; The polylactic acid has a molecular weight of 80,000-100,000, and the degradation promoter is a compound of corn starch and lignin, with a mass ratio of corn starch to lignin of 2-3:1.

[0009] Preferably, the nonwoven fabric has a fiber diameter of 20-30μm and is woven using a plain weave process.

[0010] Preferably, the nonwoven fabric has a unit mass of 80-100 g / m³. 2 It has a thickness of 0.6-0.8mm and is white or beige in color.

[0011] Preferably, the non-woven fabric is laid before the pear trees sprout in spring each year and is naturally degraded or manually removed after the fruit is harvested in autumn. The nonwoven fabric covers the area within the drip line of the vertical projection of the pear tree crown, and the edge of the nonwoven fabric is 3-5 cm away from the base of the trunk.

[0012] Preferably, the compound microbial agent is applied to the surface of the nonwoven fabric after being prepared into a bacterial solution, or it is applied with water through an irrigation system. When applied to the surface of nonwoven fabric, the number of viable bacteria in the bacterial solution should not be less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, the spraying amount is 0.3-0.5L of bacterial solution evenly sprayed per square meter of non-woven fabric surface; When applied with irrigation water, the effective viable bacteria count in the bacterial solution is less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / mL, irrigation volume controlled at 0.4-0.6L per square meter of soil.

[0013] Preferably, the application time of the compound microbial agent includes regular application and conditioning application. The regular application is carried out once 7-10 days after the non-woven fabric is covered and once 15-20 days after the pear blossoms wither. The conditioning application is carried out according to the soil microbial activity test results or supplemented 1-2 times before the high incidence of disease.

[0014] Preferably, the soil microbial activity detection includes soil temperature, moisture content, microbial community structure, and pear tree disease incidence.

[0015] Preferably, the beneficial antagonistic bacteria that promote proliferation include Bacillus and / or Pseudomonas.

[0016] Preferably, the regulation of soil microbial community structure further includes increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and / or Acidobacteria.

[0017] The advantages of this invention are: This invention uses polylactic acid-based biodegradable nonwoven fabric to cover pear orchard soil, combined with a compound microbial agent containing Bacillus or Actinomycetes to adjust the soil microbial structure. The polylactic acid-based nonwoven fabric has good heat insulation and water retention properties, stabilizes soil temperature and humidity, and is biodegradable with no environmental pollution risk. After degradation, it promotes the proliferation of beneficial antagonistic bacteria and inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Combined with the compound microbial agent, it further inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and enhances the disease resistance of pear trees. This invention effectively solves the microplastic pollution problem of traditional plastic mulch films, meeting the requirements of green agriculture and sustainable development. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The effects of different treatments in Example 1 on the soil environment, microorganisms, diseases and fruit quality in pear orchards are shown in the figures. (a) represents the water content of each group, (b) represents the Shannon diversity index of bacteria in each group, (c) represents the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in each group, (d) represents the relative abundance of Bacillus in each group, (e) represents the incidence of root rot in each group, and (f) represents the soluble solids content of each group.

[0019] Figure 2 The data are the degradation effect data of each group in Example 2, where (a) is the proportion of the residual amount to the initial mass of each group, (b) is the degradation rate of each group, and (c) is the residual amount of microplastics in the soil of each group.

[0020] Figure 3 The effects of different treatments in Example 3 on the soil environment, microorganisms, diseases and fruit quality in pear orchards are shown in the figures. (a) is the Shannon diversity index of bacteria in each group, (b) is the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in each group, (c) is the relative abundance of Bacillus in each group, (d) is the relative abundance of Pseudomonas in each group, (e) is the incidence of root rot in each group, and (f) is the soluble solids content in each group. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention described and shown herein can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Example 1 Non-woven fabric mulching is used to regulate the soil environment, microorganisms, and diseases in pear orchards.

[0023] The experimental site was the ecological pear orchard of Sanhe Farm in Jiangsu Province, with the pear variety being "Cuiguan" and the trees being 5 years old.

[0024] The experiment was conducted in three groups as a control, including: Experimental Group 1: Polylactic acid (PLA) based biodegradable nonwoven fabric with a unit mass of 90 g / m³ was used. 2 Thickness 0.7mm, width 1.5m.

[0025] Control group 1: The traditional clean cultivation management method was adopted, without any covering.

[0026] Control group 2: Covered with black PE weed control fabric, with a unit mass of 90g / m². 2 .

[0027] Test method: (1) Coverage time and method: At the end of March 2025, non-woven fabric or weed control fabric was laid between the rows of pear trees in experimental group 1 and control group 2. The coverage area was within the drip line of the vertical projection of the tree canopy, with the edge 4 cm away from the base of the trunk, and was fixed with biodegradable ground nails. Control group 1 did not receive any covering treatment and was cultivated and weeded as usual.

[0028] (2) Detection and sampling Data was collected from each group during the high-temperature period in July and the fruit harvesting period in September, including: Soil temperature and humidity: Continuous monitoring was conducted at a depth of 10 cm below the soil surface using a soil temperature and humidity recorder; Soil microorganisms: Soil samples were collected from the 0-20cm topsoil layer, and the bacterial community structure was analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology.

[0029] Disease survey: The incidence rate of pear root rot in each treatment area was counted.

[0030] Fruit quality: Mature fruits were randomly picked and the content of soluble solids (°Brix) was determined.

[0031] (3) Experimental results and analysis The data obtained after one growing season of experimentation are shown in the table below: Table 1. Effects of different treatments on soil environment, microorganisms, diseases, and fruit quality in pear orchards. Monitoring indicators Control group 1 Control group 2 Experimental group 1 Soil environment (July) Average daily maximum temperature in summer (10cm soil layer, °C) 32.5 33.8 31.1 Soil moisture content (%) 16.2 20.5 22.8 Microbial community (September) Shannon Diversity Index 7.8 7.2 8.5 Relative abundance of Proteobacteria (%) 25.4 23.1 41.2 Relative abundance of Bacillus (%) 1.5 1.1 3.8 Disease resistance and quality (September) Incidence of root rot (%) 28.6 25.1 12.5 Soluble solids (°Brix) 12.1 12.4 13.8 Ecological impact Exposed soil is prone to erosion. Potential risks of microplastics Basically degraded, with only a small amount of residue. As shown in Table 1, the highest summer temperature of experimental group 1 was 1.4℃ and 2.7℃ lower than that of control groups 1 and 2, respectively, indicating that polylactic acid-based PLA nonwoven fabric has good thermal insulation properties and can effectively reduce soil temperature fluctuations. At the same time, it exhibited the best water retention effect, with soil moisture content reaching 22.8% in July, significantly higher than that of control groups 1 and 2, indicating that this material can reduce water evaporation and improve soil water holding capacity.

[0032] Regarding the optimization of microbial community structure, the Shannon index of experimental group 1 reached 8.5, significantly higher than that of control groups 1 and 2, indicating that PLA nonwoven fabric covering helps improve soil bacterial diversity. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacillus reached 41.2% and 3.8% respectively, significantly higher than other groups, indicating that the PLA nonwoven fabric covering environment is more conducive to the colonization and reproduction of beneficial bacteria.

[0033] In terms of enhancing disease resistance and improving quality, the incidence of root rot in the experimental group was only 12.5%, significantly lower than that in the control group, indicating that PLA nonwoven fabric effectively inhibited the spread of soil-borne diseases by improving the soil microecology. Meanwhile, the soluble solids content of the fruit reached 13.8°Brix, significantly higher than the control group, indicating superior fruit quality.

[0034] In terms of ecological impact, the PLA-based nonwoven fabric used in the experimental group was basically degraded after the test period ended, leaving only a small amount of residue. This avoided the microplastic pollution and soil compaction problems caused by traditional plastic film covering, and was environmentally friendly.

[0035] Example 2 PLA-based nonwoven fabrics with different compositions were used to cover pear orchard soil, and the degradation rate of the PLA-based nonwoven fabrics with different compositions was measured after one planting season. Five PLA-based nonwoven fabrics with different compositions were set up, with the following parameters: fiber diameter 25μm, plain weave, and unit mass 90g / m². 2 White. The specific components of the five groups are as follows: Experimental group 2: PLA 76.25%, polybutylene adipate 16.25%, degradation accelerator 4% (corn starch: lignin = 2.5:1), tributyl citrate 1.5%, UV-32 70.8%, maleic anhydride grafted PLA 1.2%; Control group 3: PLA 62.5%, polybutylene adipate 30%, degradation accelerator 4% (corn starch: lignin = 2.5:1), tributyl citrate 1.5%, UV-327 0.8%, maleic anhydride grafted PLA 1.2%; Control group 4: PLA 82.5%, polybutylene adipate 10%, degradation accelerator 4% (corn starch: lignin = 2.5:1), tributyl citrate 1.5%, UV-327 0.8%, maleic anhydride grafted PLA 1.2%; Control group 5: PLA 76.5%, polybutylene adipate 20%, no degradation accelerator, tributyl citrate 1.5%, UV-327 0.8%, maleic anhydride-grafted PLA 1.2%; Control group 6: PLA 76.25%, polybutylene adipate 16.25%, degradation accelerator 4% (corn starch only), tributyl citrate 1.5%, UV-32 70.8%, maleic anhydride grafted PLA 1.2%.

[0036] At the end of March 2025, non-woven fabric or weed control fabric was laid between the rows of pear trees in experimental group 2 and control groups 3-6. The coverage area was within the drip line of the vertical projection of the tree canopy, with the edge 4 cm away from the base of the trunk, and it was fixed with biodegradable ground nails. After the autumn fruit harvest (at the end of September 2025), the non-woven fabric residue in each group area was collected, and degradation-related indicators were measured.

[0037] Table 2 Degradation effects of each group detection indicators Experimental group 2 Control group 3 Control group 4 Control group 5 Control group 6 Residual amount as a percentage of initial mass (%) 12.3 8.7 35.6 42.8 21.5 Degradation rate (%) 87.7 91.3 64.4 57.2 78.5 Residual form Fragmented, easily torn Highly fragmented, partially pulverized Large, intact, and highly resilient Large, intact pieces with good toughness Moderately fragmented, tearable Microplastic residues in soil (mg / kg) 0.32 0.28 1.85 2.13 0.76 As shown in Table 2, control group 3 had the highest degradation rate, reaching 91.3%. However, the high proportion of polybutylene adipate in control group 3 reduced the initial mechanical properties of the nonwoven fabric, leading to localized damage during coverage and affecting weed suppression and water retention. Experimental group 2 achieved a degradation rate of 87.7%, with low residue and minimal risk of microplastic contamination, while maintaining good coverage stability, balancing degradation effectiveness and practical function. Control groups 4 and 5 had degradation rates below 65%, with high residue and excessive microplastic residue. This was mainly due to the high PLA proportion in control group 4, which slowed the degradation rate, and the lack of degradation promoters in control group 5, which failed to accelerate polymer breakage. Control group 6 showed better degradation performance than control groups 4 and 5, but not as good as experimental groups 2 and 3, indicating that the combined use of corn starch and lignin had a more significant degradation-promoting effect, while the effect of a single starch-based degradation agent was limited.

[0038] Example 3 In this embodiment, on the basis of covering with PLA-based nonwoven fabric, a compound microbial agent containing Bacillus or Actinomycetes is applied to regulate the soil microbial community structure in a targeted manner, promote the proliferation of beneficial antagonistic bacteria, inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and enhance the disease resistance of pear trees.

[0039] Experimental groups 3 and 4 were set up as control groups compared with experimental group 1 in Example 1. Experimental group 1 was not treated with the compound microbial agent. Experimental group 3 was treated with the compound microbial agent 7 days after nonwoven fabric covering, and experimental group 4 was treated with the compound microbial agent once 7 days after nonwoven fabric covering and once 15 days after the pear blossoms withered.

[0040] The compound microbial agent selected is Domex No. 1 microbial agent. Before use, the agent should be prepared with a viable count of at least 1×10⁻⁶. 8 A bacterial solution of CFU / mL is evenly sprayed onto each square meter of nonwoven fabric surface at a rate of 0.3-0.5L.

[0041] Soil microbial communities were tested during the fruit harvesting season in September, along with pest and disease surveys and soluble solids monitoring.

[0042] Table 3. Effects of different treatments on soil microbial community and pear tree growth Monitoring indicators Experimental group 1 Experimental group 3 Experimental group 4 Shannon Diversity Index 8.5 9.2 9.7 Relative abundance of Proteobacteria (%) 41.2 48.6 53.1 Relative abundance of Bacillus (%) 3.8 6.5 8.3 Relative abundance of Pseudomonas (%) 1.2 2.8 3.5 Incidence rate of root rot (%) 12.5 8.3 5.1 Soluble solids (°Brix) 13.8 14.2 14.3 The differences in Shannon diversity index, relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas among the three groups were all statistically significant (P<0.001), showing a pattern of "Group 4 > Group 3 > Group 1". This indicates that the application of PLA-based nonwoven fabric as a mulch combined with the compound microbial agent significantly optimizes the soil microbial community, and two applications are more effective than a single application. The incidence of root rot differed significantly among the three groups (P<0.001), showing a pattern of "Group 4 < Group 3 < Group 1", indicating that the synergistic effect of the microbial agent and PLA nonwoven fabric significantly reduces disease occurrence, with two applications showing a more pronounced disease control effect. Furthermore, the application of the microbial agent increased the soluble solids content of the fruit, which can improve fruit quality to some extent.

[0043] In addition, when applying compound microbial agents, they can also be applied with irrigation water. When applying with irrigation water, the bacterial solution should be added to the irrigation system to ensure even distribution over the non-woven fabric-covered area, avoiding localized high or low concentrations that could negatively impact bacterial colonization. The effective viable count of the bacterial solution should be below 5 × 10⁻⁶ at the time of application. 6 The concentration of CFU / mL should be maintained, and the irrigation volume should be controlled at 0.4-0.6 L per square meter of soil. The frequency of application of compound microbial agents can also be flexibly adjusted based on the results of soil microbial activity testing.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards to enhance disease resistance based on non-woven fabric mulching, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: During the pear tree growth cycle, biodegradable non-woven fabric is laid on the soil surface between tree rows or around the tree basin. At the same time, a compound microbial agent containing Bacillus or Actinomycetes is applied during the covering period to regulate the soil microbial community structure, promote the proliferation of beneficial antagonistic bacteria, inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and enhance the disease resistance of pear trees. The biodegradable nonwoven fabric is made of polylactic acid or its blends.

2. The method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards to enhance disease resistance based on non-woven fabric mulching as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The nonwoven fabric comprises the following components: 75-85% polylactic acid, 15-25% polybutylene adipate, 3-5% degradation accelerator, 1-2% tributyl citrate, 0.5-1% UV-327, and 0.8-1.5% maleic anhydride-grafted PLA. The polylactic acid has a molecular weight of 80,000-100,000, and the degradation promoter is a compound of corn starch and lignin, with a mass ratio of corn starch to lignin of 2-3:

1.

3. The method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards based on non-woven fabric mulching to enhance disease resistance, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... The nonwoven fabric has a fiber diameter of 20-30μm and is woven using a plain weave process.

4. The method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards based on non-woven fabric mulching to enhance disease resistance according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nonwoven fabric has a unit mass of 80-100 g / m³. 2 It has a thickness of 0.6-0.8mm and is white or beige in color.

5. The method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards based on non-woven fabric mulching to enhance disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The non-woven fabric is laid out before the pear trees sprout in spring each year and is naturally degraded or manually removed after the fruit is harvested in autumn. The nonwoven fabric covers the area within the drip line of the vertical projection of the pear tree crown, and the edge of the nonwoven fabric is 3-5 cm away from the base of the trunk.

6. The method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards based on non-woven fabric mulching to enhance disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent is applied to the surface of nonwoven fabric or through an irrigation system after being prepared into a bacterial solution. When applied to the surface of nonwoven fabric, the number of viable bacteria in the bacterial solution should not be less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, the spraying amount is 0.3-0.5L of bacterial solution evenly sprayed per square meter of non-woven fabric surface; When applied with irrigation water, the effective viable bacteria count in the bacterial solution is less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / mL, irrigation volume controlled at 0.4-0.6L per square meter of soil.

7. The method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards based on non-woven fabric mulching to enhance disease resistance according to claim 6, characterized in that, The application time of the compound microbial agent includes regular application and conditioning application. The regular application is once 7-10 days after the non-woven fabric is covered and once 15-20 days after the pear blossoms have faded. The conditioning application is applied according to the soil microbial activity test results or supplemented 1-2 times before the high incidence of disease.

8. The method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards based on non-woven fabric mulching to enhance disease resistance according to claim 7, characterized in that, The soil microbial activity test includes soil temperature, moisture content, microbial community structure, and pear tree disease incidence.

9. The method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards based on non-woven fabric mulching to enhance disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beneficial antagonistic bacteria that promote proliferation include Bacillus and / or Pseudomonas.

10. The method for regulating soil microbial communities in pear orchards based on non-woven fabric mulching to enhance disease resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulation of soil microbial community structure also includes increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and / or Acidobacteria.

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