Multispectral peritoneal drainage monitor

Abstract

The invention provides a multispectral peritoneal drainage monitor, which comprises an openable host and a disposable drainage sample box, and realizes reagent-free, continuous and quantitative monitoring of hemoglobin, bilirubin and turbidity in drainage liquid through an 8-waveband multispectral light source, a precise capacitance determining electrode and an anti-fouling coating in combination with an equipment specificity algorithm. And four risk indexes of HBI, BBI, TUI and Trend are output, and three-level sound-light alarm is matched, so that the objective and accurate recognition capability of postoperative complications is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical monitoring equipment technology, and in particular to a multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] Abdominal drainage is an essential postoperative procedure in abdominal surgery, especially after surgeries on high-risk organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. Its main purpose is to promptly drain any blood, exudate, bile, pancreatic juice, and infectious fluids that may accumulate in the abdominal cavity after surgery, thereby effectively preventing abdominal infection and providing crucial information for the early identification of serious complications such as postoperative bleeding, bile leakage, or pancreatic fistula. However, current clinical monitoring of drainage fluid still heavily relies on manual visual inspection and intermittent laboratory testing, presenting significant technical limitations. Healthcare professionals typically rely on subjective judgment by visually observing the color and characteristics of the drainage fluid and estimating the drainage volume. This method is not only susceptible to interference from individual experience, ambient light, and fluctuations in attention, but also lacks objective quantitative standards and cannot achieve continuous, real-time dynamic monitoring. Especially at night or during periods of limited nursing staff, monitoring blind spots may lead to undetected occult bleeding or minute leakage of digestive fluids, often missing the optimal intervention window by the time obvious abnormalities appear.

[0003] Although laboratory biochemical tests (such as bilirubin, amylase, and hemoglobin quantification) can provide accurate values, their procedures are cumbersome and time-consuming, often requiring several hours to obtain results. They only reflect the state at the moment of sampling and cannot capture the dynamic trends of component concentration changes. Frequent testing also increases the economic burden on patients and the workload of laboratories, making it unsuitable as a routine continuous screening tool and only applicable as a confirmatory test after suspected abnormalities. Therefore, the existing drainage monitoring model is essentially in an outdated state of "primarily qualitative, with delayed quantitative analysis, labor-intensive, and discontinuous data," which can hardly meet the urgent needs of modern abdominal surgery, especially complex hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries, for refined perioperative management, including early warning, objective assessment, and intelligent monitoring.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for a novel device that can be integrated at the bedside to achieve automated, continuous, reagent-free, and quantitative monitoring of key risk components in drainage fluid. An ideal solution should be able to identify marker substances such as hemoglobin (indicating bleeding) and bilirubin (indicating bile leakage) in real time, assess the potential interference of fluid turbidity on measurements, and possess abnormal trend warning and system self-checking functions. However, current technologies have not yet provided such an integrated solution combining multi-parameter optical sensing, automatic fluid control, and intelligent algorithm analysis. Furthermore, optical detection systems suffer from individual and batch variations in key components such as light sources, filters, lenses, and photoelectric sensors, coupled with optical axis alignment deviations during assembly, which can easily lead to inconsistent baseline responses between different devices, affecting the accuracy and comparability of test results. This technical obstacle has not been effectively overcome. Therefore, developing a multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring system that is structurally reliable, accurately calibrated, easy to operate, and capable of 24 / 7 intelligent monitoring has significant clinical value and innovative implications for improving postoperative safety, optimizing nursing procedures, and promoting the data-driven transformation of drainage management. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing peritoneal drainage monitoring technologies, such as reliance on manual visual judgment, lack of continuous dynamic quantification capabilities, and inability to achieve real-time bedside analysis without reagents. It provides a multispectral peritoneal drainage monitoring instrument with integrated structure, optical precision, algorithm specialization, and fully automated fluid control.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device, comprising an openable main unit and a disposable drainage sample box; the main unit consists of a fixed base and a movable cover connected by a hinge, which completely encloses the sample box in the closed state, forming a closed optical path environment; The sample box is injection molded from three parts: an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate, and a transparent box body. The upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are located at the upper and lower ends of the transparent box body, respectively. The main unit has an aluminum-magnesium alloy turntable driven by a stepper motor. Eight light source components, namely LS1 to LS8, are installed at equal angles along the circumference of the turntable. The main unit has plano-convex lenses on the light source emitting side and photoelectric receiving side, forming a simplified 4f optical system. The photoelectric receiving end uses silicon photodiodes. The sample box contains two sets of mirror-symmetrically distributed gold-plated bronze electrodes, namely the upper electrode pair and the lower electrode pair, with each set of electrodes embedded in an annular groove on the inner wall of the box. The sample box outlet is connected to a clamp valve, which is controlled by the host microcontroller unit to realize the drainage of liquid inside the sample box.

[0007] Furthermore, the opening and closing main unit is pre-set with an electric valve movement slot and a sample box placement slot, which are used to position the sample box and the clamp valve inside the opening and closing main unit. The main unit is equipped with an elastic electrode assembly; the elastic electrode assembly includes electrode heads, and the four electrode heads respectively contact the upper electrode pair and the lower electrode pair exposed outside the sample box to establish a liquid level detection circuit.

[0008] Furthermore, both the upper and lower cover plates are made of black polycarbonate material, and the transparent box body is made of transparent polycarbonate material. Its inner wall is covalently bonded with a polysulfobetaine anti-fouling coating after plasma activation.

[0009] Furthermore, in the light source assembly, LS1 to LS7 are LED light sources paired with narrowband filters with center wavelengths of 405 nm, 470 nm, 525 nm, 590 nm, 660 nm, 810 nm, and 940 nm, respectively, with a half-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 10–15 nm for each filter; LS8 is a high color rendering white LED with a color temperature range of 5000–6500 K and a color rendering index greater than 95; The transmitting lens has a focal length of 15.0 mm, the receiving lens has a focal length of 10.0 mm, and both lenses are coated with a 400–1000 nm broadband antireflection coating.

[0010] Furthermore, the main unit has black soft rubber light-blocking rings at the light source emission port and the receiving port.

[0011] Furthermore, the main unit panel features three independent tri-color LED indicator lights and an LCD display screen.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid level detection mechanism of the microcontroller unit achieves precise volume determination of 100.0 ± 0.5 mL based on the conductivity principle; when the drainage fluid rises to the plane where the upper electrode pair is located, the microcontroller unit starts the detection process; when the lower electrode pair detects that the liquid level has dropped to the empty state, the clamp valve automatically closes. If the drainage time exceeds 120 seconds and the lower electrode pair signal is not triggered, the microcontroller unit determines that the downstream pipeline is blocked or the collection bag is overflowing, and triggers an audible and visual alarm.

[0013] Furthermore, based on multispectral detection, it is possible to detect hemoglobin index, bilirubin index, turbidity index and trend index; Hemoglobin refers to: ; Bilirubin levels: ; Turbidity index: ; Trend Index ; In the formula, A6: 810nm is the main contributing term, which is directly proportional to total hemoglobin; A5: 660nm and A7: 940nm are sensitive to hemoglobin in different oxygenation states and are added to correct for the effects of changes in oxygenation state; 0.1*A4 is the turbidity compensation term; A4: 590nm is sensitive to turbidity but not to hemoglobin absorption. Subtracting part of its influence can make HBI reflect hemoglobin more purely.

[0014] Furthermore, the human-computer interaction system outputs three levels of audio-visual warnings based on the risk index: when HBI≤0.1, BBI≤0.05, TUI≤0.15 and Trend≤0.01, the corresponding LED indicator lights will display green; When 0.1 < HBI < 0.3, 0.1 < BBI < 0.3, 0.15 < TUI < 0.4, or 0.1 < Trend < 0.3, The corresponding LED indicator light will turn yellow; When any index reaches or exceeds the high-risk threshold, the corresponding LED turns red and triggers an audible alarm.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention forms a complete closed-loop technical system by constructing a "black-transparent-black" sandwich-style optical shielding structure, deploying mirror-symmetric electrodes to achieve precise 100 mL volume determination, integrating an 8-band rotating multispectral light source and a white light reference channel, establishing a device-specific four-dimensional risk index model based on clinical cohort regression, and implementing a mandatory factory calibration mechanism for the Lovibond 134110 standard solution. This system undergoes deep collaborative optimization from physical structure, material surface, optical path, fluid control, signal processing to clinical mapping, solving multiple technical obstacles in traditional drainage monitoring, such as ambient light interference, biological contamination, volume inaccuracy, device deviation, and algorithm generalization. It achieves continuous, objective, and quantitative monitoring of key components of peritoneal drainage fluid, significantly improving the early identification of postoperative complications, reducing reliance on nursing manpower, and promoting the evolution of surgical drainage management towards intelligence, datafication, and standardization, possessing outstanding substantive characteristics and significant technological advancements. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sample box in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transparent box in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the sample box in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the host in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the host unit equipped with a sample box in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a side view of the host in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the host in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the usage status of the multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below.

[0018] In practical clinical applications, the multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device of this invention achieves automated, continuous, and quantitative monitoring of postoperative abdominal drainage fluid by precisely matching a disposable drainage sample box with an openable and closable main unit. The complete operating process and technical implementation details are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and component numbers.

[0019] First, during the equipment deployment phase, medical staff will Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The disposable drainage sample box shown is filled with Figure 4 In the host 17 shown, a structure is formed as follows Figure 5 The structure shown is as follows. The sample box consists of an upper cover plate 1, a transparent box body 4, and a lower cover plate 5, which are ultrasonically welded to form a sealed cavity. Inside, there are two sets of mirror-symmetrically distributed electrodes: an upper electrode pair (6-a, 6-b) and a lower electrode pair (6-c, 6-d). Each set of electrodes is embedded in an annular groove 0.3 mm wide × 0.5 mm deep on the inner wall of the box body 4. After injection molding, they form an integrated structure to ensure the accuracy of electrode positioning and sealing. The input tube 1-a of the sample box is integrally formed with the upper cover plate 1, with an outer diameter of 6.5 mm and an inner diameter of 5 mm. Its end is connected to the patient's abdominal drainage tube. The output tube 3 is located outside the lower cover plate 5 and is connected to the lower pipe 7 of the lower cover plate 5 through a flexible tube 2. The output tube 3 is also a transparent ABS tube with an outer diameter of 6.5 mm and an inner diameter of 5 mm, used to connect to the downstream drainage bag 20. The inner wall of box 4 is coated with a covalently bonded polysulfobetaine (PSB) antifouling coating after plasma activation treatment. The coating thickness is 50–200 nm, which effectively inhibits the deposition of biological deposits such as proteins and cell debris in the detection optical path area, thereby avoiding enhanced light scattering and transmittance drift caused by wall adhesion.

[0020] After the sample box is inserted into the main unit 17, the movable cover 17-B is closed, and the process is as follows: Figure 6Locking device 18 and locking device 19 are locked together, completely closing the fixed base 17-A and the movable cover 17-B. At this time, the four electrode heads (9-ha, 9-hb, 9-hc, 9-hd) in the elastic electrode assembly 9 inside the main unit contact the four exposed electrodes of the sample box: 9-ha and 9-hb form the upper electrode circuit, correspondingly connected to 6-a and 6-b; 9-hc and 9-hd form the lower electrode circuit, correspondingly connected to 6-c and 6-d. Because the electrodes adopt a mirror-symmetrical layout, the electrical connection can be ensured regardless of whether the sample box is inserted in the forward or reverse direction, eliminating the risk of incorrect installation orientation. At the same time, the light-blocking rings 11 and 13 of the transmitting port of the main unit 17 are made of black soft rubber with a Shore A hardness of 10°–30°, which fits tightly against both sides of the sample box, effectively blocking external stray light from entering the detection area and forming a closed optical path environment.

[0021] After the device is started, drainage fluid flows from the patient's abdominal cavity into the sample container through inlet tube 1-a. Since clamp valve 8 is initially closed, it keeps tubing 2 clamped, causing fluid to accumulate within the container 4. When the fluid level rises to touch the upper electrode pair (6-a, 6-b), a conductive path is formed between the two electrodes due to the fluid's conductivity. The microcontroller unit (MCU) detects this signal, determines that the sample volume has reached 100.0 ± 0.5 mL (precisely controlled by the distance between the upper and lower electrodes), and then initiates the multispectral detection process. At this point, Figure 7 The stepper motor drives the aluminum-magnesium alloy turntable 9 to rotate, sequentially aligning eight light source assemblies (LS1–LS8) with the main axis 12. LS1 to LS7 are LEDs with center wavelengths of 405 nm, 470 nm, 525 nm, 590 nm, 660 nm, 810 nm, and 940 nm, respectively, with narrow-band filters (FWHM 10–15 nm). LS8 is a high color rendering white LED (CRI > 95, color temperature 5000–6500 K). Each light source is lit for 200 ms. The emitted light beam is focused by the emitting lens 10 (N-BK7 plano-convex lens, focal length 15.0 mm, coated with a 400–1000 nm broadband antireflection film) through the liquid in the sample box, and then focused by the receiving lens 15 (N-BK7 plano-convex lens, focal length 10.0 mm, same coating) to the photodetector tube 14 (such as Hamamatsu S1336-5BK). The transmission current I_Ni (i=1~8) is collected by the transimpedance amplifier on the PCB board 21.

[0022] Before testing, each device underwent a password-protected calibration procedure at the factory. The sample cartridge was filled with 90 mL of Lovibond RYBN134110 standard solution (color mark 2.1R 11.0Y 0.5N), and the reference current I0i for each wavelength band was measured sequentially and encrypted and written to the MCU's non-volatile memory. Therefore, the MCU can calculate the normalized transmittance Ti = INi / I0i in real time, and further determine the absorbance Ai = log 10 (1 / Ti). Based on this, the system performs the following calculations: Step 1: Calculate core physiological indices These indices are mathematically constructed "concentration indicators" that are positively correlated with the actual concentration. Their weighting coefficients are determined through regression analysis of clinical data.

[0023] 1. Hemoglobin index It reflects the total hemoglobin concentration, with 810nm as the core and 660nm and 940nm as auxiliary corrections for oxygenation interference and turbidity interference.

[0024] explain: A6 (810nm) is the main contributor, directly proportional to total hemoglobin.

[0025] A5 (660nm) and A7 (940nm) are sensitive to hemoglobin in different oxygenation states and are added to correct for the effects of changes in oxygenation state.

[0026] 0.1*A4 is the turbidity compensation term. A4 (590nm) is sensitive to turbidity but not to hemoglobin absorption. Subtracting part of its influence can make HBI reflect hemoglobin more purely.

[0027] 2. Bilirubin index It reflects bilirubin concentration, with 405nm as the core and 470nm as the auxiliary.

[0028] explain: A1 (405nm) is the main contributing factor, where bilirubin has the strongest absorption.

[0029] A2 (470nm) is the second strongest absorption region.

[0030] 0.05*A6 is the bleeding compensation term. Because blood also absorbs at 405nm (although weakly), subtracting the trace amount of hemoglobin signal makes BBI more specific to bilirubin.

[0031] 3. Turbidity Index Reflects the turbidity of liquids (fat, cell debris, etc.). Based on 590nm (sensitive to scattering, weakly absorbed by water / hemoglobin) and overall white light attenuation.

[0032] explain: A4 (590nm) is the core turbidity indicator.

[0033] log10(T8) is the absorbance of white light, which is sensitive to any factor that causes light attenuation.

[0034] The combination of the two can stably reflect the degree of turbidity.

[0035] 4. Trend Index Measuring the rate of change in HBI is a better predictor of active bleeding than the absolute value.

[0036] The hemoglobin index (HBI) is calculated as: HBI = A6 + 0.5A5 + 0.3A7 - 0.1A4, where A6 (810 nm) is the dominant term, reflecting total hemoglobin concentration; A5 (660 nm) and A7 (940 nm) correct for differences in oxygenation status; and A4 (590 nm) compensates for turbidity interference. The bilirubin index (BBI) is calculated as: BBI = A1 + 0.8A2 - 0.05A6, where A1 (405 nm) is the dominant absorption peak, A2 (470 nm) is a secondary peak, and trace amounts of A6 are used to subtract cross-absorption of blood at 405 nm. The turbidity index (TUI) is calculated as: TUI = A4 + log[[...]]. 10 (1 / T8), combined with the 590 nm scattering sensitive band and the overall attenuation of white light, stably reflects the turbidity of the liquid; the trend index Trend = ΔHBI / 100 mL, taking the difference in HBI between two adjacent 100 mL samples, characterizes the rate of change of hemoglobin concentration within a unit drainage volume.

[0037] After the test is completed, the MCU controls the opening of the clamp valve 8, and the liquid in the sample box flows through the tubing 2 (silicone material, wall thickness 0.5mm, natural inner diameter 6mm) into the output tube (3), and finally flows into the drainage bag 20. When the lower electrode pair (6-c, 6-d) detects that the liquid level has dropped to the point of separation from the electrode, the MCU determines that the emptying is complete, immediately closes the clamp valve 8, and begins the next cycle of liquid accumulation. If the lower electrode signal is not triggered after the liquid drainage time exceeds 120 seconds, the system determines that the downstream pipeline is blocked or the drainage bag 20 is overflowing, and immediately... Figure 8 The front panel 16 displays a "Pipe Blockage" or "Drainage Bottle Overflow" warning and triggers an audible and visual alarm.

[0038] In terms of human-computer interaction, the front panel 16 has three sets of independent tri-color LED indicator lights, corresponding to the three indicators of "bleeding," "bile," and "pancreatic juice," respectively. Based on preset clinical thresholds, as shown in the table below:

[0039] (HBI ≤ 0.1 indicates low risk, 0.1–0.3 indicates medium risk, and ≥ 0.3 indicates high risk; BBI ≤ 0.05, 0.05–0.15, and ≥ 0.15; TUI ≤ 0.15, 0.15–0.4, and ≥ 0.4; Trend ≤ 0.01, 0.01–0.03, and ≥ 0.03). The indicator lights will display green (normal), yellow (attention), or red (alarm). When any index reaches the high-risk threshold, the corresponding LED will light up red and an audible alarm will be triggered (1 Hz, lasting 5 seconds). Medical staff can mute the alarm by pressing a button. Simultaneously, the LCD screen will display the cumulative drainage volume (mL), the time taken to drain 100 mL of sample (s), battery level, charging status, and the values ​​of the four indices in real time. All data is based on the device's specific calibration model and cannot be transferred to other platforms.

[0040] In typical clinical scenarios, Figure 8 In this system, the device is fixed to the bedside and securely installed using a fixing device 29 (including hooks and strap rings). After surgery, the patient's abdominal drainage tube is connected to the inlet tube 1-a, and the drainage fluid is analyzed by the main unit 17 and then discharged into the drainage bag 20. The system automatically performs a component analysis every 100 mL, achieving uninterrupted monitoring 24 / 7. For example, if a patient experiences slow bile leakage after liver resection, and the pale yellow exudate is barely perceptible to the naked eye, a yellow indicator light illuminates when the BBI reaches 0.16, indicating the need for attention. If the BBI rises to 0.18, a red alarm is triggered, allowing the doctor to promptly perform imaging examinations or interventions to prevent the development of diffuse biliary peritonitis. Similarly, if the HBI rises from 0.08 to 0.35 and the Trend reaches 0.035, even if the drainage volume does not increase dramatically, the system will warn of active bleeding, prompting early hemostasis.

[0041] In summary, this invention utilizes six core technologies—a "black-transparent-black" optical shielding structure, a PSB anti-fouling coating, precise volume determination with mirrored electrodes, an 8-band rotating multispectral system with white light reference, a device-specific four-dimensional index model, and Lovibond 134110 forced calibration—to construct a closed-loop, self-calibrating, and highly robust bedside drainage monitoring system. This system achieves a fully automated process from drainage fluid collection, analysis, and emptying to early warning, significantly improving the early identification of postoperative complications and nursing efficiency.

[0042] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and content disclosed in the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall be deemed to have remained within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device, characterized in that, It includes an openable host (17) and a disposable drainage sample box; the host (17) is composed of a fixed base (17-A) and a movable cover (17-B) connected by a hinge (13), and completely wraps the sample box in the closed state to form a closed optical path environment; The sample box is injection molded from three parts: an upper cover plate (1), a lower cover plate (5), and a transparent box body (4). The upper cover plate (1) and the lower cover plate (5) are located at the upper and lower ends of the transparent box body (4), respectively. The host (17) is equipped with an aluminum-magnesium alloy turntable (9) driven by a stepper motor. The turntable (9) is equipped with eight light source components at equal angles along the circumference, namely LS1 to LS8. The host (17) is equipped with plano-convex lenses on the light source emitting side and the photoelectric receiving side, forming a simplified 4f optical system. The photoelectric receiving end adopts a silicon photodiode (14). The sample box is equipped with two sets of mirror-symmetrically distributed gold-plated bronze electrodes, namely the upper electrode pair (6-a, 6-b) and the lower electrode pair (6-c, 6-d), and each set of electrodes is embedded in the annular groove on the inner wall of the box body (4). The sample box outlet is connected to a clamp valve (8), which is controlled by the host microcontroller unit to realize the drainage work inside the sample box.

2. The multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening and closing host (17) is pre-set with an electric valve movement groove (12) and a sample box placement groove, which are used to position the sample box and the clamp valve (8) inside the opening and closing host (17); The host is equipped with an elastic electrode assembly (9); the elastic electrode assembly (9) includes electrode heads (9-ha, 9-hb, 9-hc, 9-hd), and the four electrode heads are in contact with the upper electrode pair (6-a, 6-b) and the lower electrode pair (6-c, 6-d) exposed outside the sample box, respectively, to establish a liquid level detection circuit.

3. The multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper cover plate (1) and the lower cover plate (5) are both made of black polycarbonate material, and the transparent box body (4) is made of transparent polycarbonate material. Its inner wall is covalently bonded with polysulfobetaine anti-fouling coating after plasma activation.

4. The multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the light source assembly, LS1 to LS7 are LED light sources with narrowband filters having center wavelengths of 405 nm, 470 nm, 525 nm, 590 nm, 660 nm, 810 nm, and 940 nm, respectively, and each filter has a half-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 10–15 nm; LS8 is a high color rendering white LED with a color temperature range of 5000–6500 K and a color rendering index greater than 95. The transmitting lens (10) has a focal length of 15.0 mm and the receiving lens (15) has a focal length of 10.0 mm. Both lenses are coated with a 400–1000 nm broadband antireflection film.

5. The multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The host (17) is equipped with black soft rubber light-blocking rings (19, 22) at the light source emission port and the receiving port.

6. The multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main unit (17) panel is equipped with three sets of independent tri-color LED indicator lights and an LCD display screen.

7. The multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid level detection mechanism of the microcontroller unit is based on the conductivity principle to achieve precise volume determination of 100.0 ± 0.5 mL; when the drainage fluid rises to the plane where the upper electrode pair (6-a, 6-b) is located, the microcontroller unit starts the detection process; when the lower electrode pair (6-c, 6-d) detects that the liquid level has dropped to the empty state, the clamp valve (8) automatically closes; If the drainage time exceeds 120 seconds and the lower electrode pair (6-c, 6-d) signal is not triggered, the microcontroller unit determines that the downstream pipeline is blocked or the collection bag is overflowing, and triggers an audible and visual alarm.

8. The multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on multispectral detection, it can detect hemoglobin index, bilirubin index, turbidity index and trend index; Hemoglobin refers to: ; Bilirubin levels: ; Turbidity index: ; Trend Index ; In the formula, A6: 810nm is the main contributing term, which is directly proportional to total hemoglobin; A5: 660nm and A7: 940nm are sensitive to hemoglobin in different oxygenation states and are added to correct for the effects of changes in oxygenation state; 0.1*A4 is the turbidity compensation term; A4: 590nm is sensitive to turbidity but not to hemoglobin absorption. Subtracting part of its influence can make HBI reflect hemoglobin more purely.

9. The multispectral abdominal drainage monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The human-computer interaction system outputs three levels of audio-visual warnings based on the risk index: when HBI≤0.1, BBI≤0.05, TUI≤0.15 and Trend≤0.01, the corresponding LED indicator lights will display green; When 0.1 < HBI < 0.3, 0.1 < BBI < 0.3, 0.15 < TUI < 0.4, or 0.1 < Trend < 0.3, The corresponding LED indicator light will turn yellow; When any index reaches or exceeds the high-risk threshold, the corresponding LED turns red and triggers an audible alarm.

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