Portable full-automatic spore capturing and analyzing system and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable full-automatic spore capturing and analyzing system and a monitoring method. The system comprises a spore capturing module, a control identification module and a power supply module, the spore capturing module comprises a spore collecting mechanism and a turnover mechanism, the spore collecting mechanism is used for capturing spores in air and enriching the spores to the surface of a glass slide, and the turnover mechanism is used for loading and unloading the glass slide and switching the glass slide between a sampling position and an imaging position; the microscopic imaging module is used for carrying out microscopic imaging acquisition on spores on the glass slide at the imaging position; the control identification module is respectively connected with the spore collection mechanism, the turnover mechanism and the microscopic imaging module and is used for regulating actions of the spore collection mechanism, the turnover mechanism and the microscopic imaging module, identifying and counting microscopic images and presenting identification results in real time; and the power supply module is used for supplying power to the spore capturing module, the microscopic imaging module and the identification control module. The portable spore monitoring device and method can solve the problems that sampling-imaging-recognition links are split, measurement is inconvenient while walking in the field, and imaging definition and recognition accuracy are insufficient in an existing portable spore monitoring device and method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural disease monitoring technology, and more particularly to a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system and monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] As is well known, the monitoring and analysis of airborne plant pathogen spores is an important foundation for early warning and prevention of agricultural and forestry diseases.

[0003] Currently, commonly used spore-trapping devices mainly include: active traps that use negative pressure suction combined with glass slides or tape sampling, and passive sampling devices that rely on adhesive media. Active traps are mostly used at fixed monitoring points and can continuously sample, but they are large in size and highly dependent on power supply and environment; passive devices are portable and inexpensive, but require samples to be brought back to the laboratory for manual microscopic observation, resulting in long monitoring cycles and untimely feedback.

[0004] In existing technologies, with the development of intelligent technologies, some solutions have attempted to combine spore capture with microscopic imaging and upload data after image acquisition. However, such devices and methods suffer from at least one of the following problems:

[0005] It usually still requires frequent manual replacement of sampling strips or glass slides, which is a lot of work.

[0006] Due to issues with the carrier material or imaging structure, the clarity of the microscopic images is insufficient, and the accuracy of identification cannot be guaranteed.

[0007] In addition, identification and statistics mostly rely on manual or laboratory software processing, lacking the ability for automatic on-site identification, which makes it impossible to meet the needs of multi-point, real-time, and dynamic field monitoring.

[0008] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, this invention proposes a portable, fully automated spore capture and analysis system and monitoring method, which can be rapidly deployed at a single point in the field and complete an integrated process of slide sampling, microscopic imaging, automatic focusing, and intelligent identification and counting. It is suitable for mobile inspection scenarios of "carrying-on-site monitoring-re-testing at another location".

[0010] In one aspect of the present invention, a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system is provided, comprising:

[0011] The spore-capturing module includes a spore collection mechanism and a flipping mechanism. The spore collection mechanism is configured to capture airborne spores and concentrate them on the surface of a glass slide. The flipping mechanism is configured to load and unload the glass slide and switch the slide between a sampling position and an imaging position.

[0012] The microscopic imaging module is configured to perform microscopic imaging of spores on a glass slide at the imaging location.

[0013] The control and recognition module controls the spore collection mechanism, the flipping mechanism, and the microscopic imaging module respectively. It is configured to regulate the actions of the spore collection mechanism, the flipping mechanism, and the microscopic imaging module, to perform recognition and counting processing on the microscopic images, and to present the spore counting results and the marked images as recognition results in real time.

[0014] The power supply module is configured to provide power to the spore capture module, the microscopic imaging module, and the identification control module.

[0015] In some embodiments, the spore collection mechanism includes an axial flow fan and an air funnel stacked on top of each other; the large-diameter end of the air funnel is provided with a coarse filter screen and is connected to the air outlet of the axial flow fan, and the small-diameter end of the air funnel is provided with a fine filter screen and is aligned with the sampling surface of the glass slide at the sampling position.

[0016] In some embodiments, the flipping mechanism includes a flipping base, a cylinder, a solenoid valve, an air pump, an actuating linkage, a connecting platform, and a glass slide platform;

[0017] The cylinder is fixed to one end of the flip base and connected to the air pump through a solenoid valve; one end of the actuator rod is slidably connected to a right-angle guide groove opened on the flip base, and the other end is fixedly connected to the slide platform; the connecting platform is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the cylinder and is simultaneously movably sleeved on the outside of the actuator rod.

[0018] When the piston of the cylinder extends or retracts, it drives the connecting platform to push the actuator rod to move along the trajectory of the right-angle guide groove, thereby driving the slide platform to switch between the horizontal sampling position and the vertical imaging position;

[0019] The slide platform has an internal slot for mounting slides, and two symmetrical working windows for docking sampling or imaging are provided on the two surfaces of the slide platform. The working windows are connected to the slots.

[0020] In some embodiments, a slide loading and unloading mechanism is also provided on the slide platform; the slide loading and unloading mechanism includes a fixing block, a sliding block, a spring, a pressing rod, a connecting rod, and an insert block;

[0021] A slide platform has a groove on one side surface that communicates with the insertion slot. A fixed block is fixed at one end of the slide, and a sliding block is slidably provided at the other end of the slide. A spring is connected between one end of the fixed block and one end of the sliding block, and a pressing rod is fixedly connected to the other end of the sliding block.

[0022] The outer surface of the sliding block is provided with a pressing track, one end of the connecting rod is slidably connected to the pressing track, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the fixed block; the inner surface of the sliding block is fixedly connected to the insert block, and the insert block is provided with a slot for fixing the glass slide. The insert block is engaged with the slot by inserting and pulling, and when the insert block is in the slot, the slot is directly opposite the two working windows.

[0023] When loading and unloading slides, press the pressing lever, the insert block leaves the insertion slot, and the slot carrying the fixed slide pops out of the working window. Press the pressing lever again, the insert block enters the insertion slot, and the slot carrying the fixed slide pops into the slide platform and aligns with the working window. Repeat this process.

[0024] In some embodiments, the microscopic imaging module includes an LED light source, an objective lens, a lens barrel, a CMOS camera, and a focusing mechanism; the objective lens, lens barrel, and CMOS camera are all located on one side of the slide at the imaging position and are coaxially arranged along the same optical axis. Meanwhile, the objective lens is connected to the CMOS camera through the lens barrel, and the LED light source is located on the other side of the slide, so that the light path passes through the slide at the imaging position.

[0025] The focusing mechanism includes a focusing base and a stepper motor, a lead screw, guide rails, and a camera platform mounted on the focusing base. The lead screw is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the focusing base and extends longitudinally along the focusing base. Two guide rails are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the focusing base and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lead screw. The guide rails are also arranged parallel to the lead screw. The stepper motor is fixed to one end of the focusing base and is connected to the lead screw via a coupling. The camera platform is threaded onto the lead screw and simultaneously slidably connected to the guide rails. The CMOS camera is fixedly connected to the camera platform.

[0026] In some embodiments, the control and identification module includes a Raspberry Pi chip, an embedded control board, and an electronic display screen; the Raspberry Pi chip is connected to a stepper motor, a solenoid valve, an air pump, an axial fan, and an LED light source via the embedded control board; the Raspberry Pi chip is connected to a CMOS camera via a CSI interface; and the Raspberry Pi chip is connected to the electronic display screen via a DSI interface.

[0027] In some embodiments, the power supply module includes a battery pack, a battery management module, and a step-down module; the Raspberry Pi chip is connected to the battery pack via the battery management module, and the battery pack is connected to the axial fan, LED light source, solenoid valve, air pump, Raspberry Pi chip, and embedded control board via the step-down module. At the same time, the battery management module and the step-down module are communicatively connected.

[0028] In some embodiments, the device also includes a housing, and the spore capture module, the microscopic imaging module, the control and identification module and the power supply module are all disposed inside the housing.

[0029] The internal structure of the enclosure is divided into an upper and a lower enclosure. The microscopic imaging module, spore collection mechanism, and the flipping mechanism's flipping base, cylinder, actuator, connecting platform, and slide platform are all centrally installed in the upper enclosure. Meanwhile, an air inlet is opened at the top of the upper enclosure, with an axial flow fan fixed at the air inlet and vertically positioned. A through-hole is provided on the side of the upper enclosure, and an LED light source is fixedly connected to the outside of the upper enclosure via a bracket, facing the through-hole. The slide platform at the imaging position passes through the through-hole and aligns with the LED light source. The control and recognition module, power supply module, and the solenoid valve and air pump of the flipping mechanism are all centrally installed in the lower enclosure.

[0030] This invention relates to a portable, fully automated spore capture and analysis system. A glass slide is used as the spore sampling carrier, and a flipping mechanism enables rapid switching between the sampling and imaging positions, ensuring ease and efficiency in field operations. The slide loading and unloading mechanism allows for convenient and quick slide replacement, meeting the continuous operation requirements of multi-point field inspections. Utilizing a focusing mechanism combined with an automatic focusing algorithm and the YOLO+ lightweight U-Net recognition model, clear spore microscopic images can be acquired and counted in real time, reducing manual intervention. The system displays the results instantly on a local electronic display screen, and with a compatible wireless communication module, monitoring and analysis can be performed on-site in the field, and results can be uploaded to the cloud for remote storage and early warning. The system has a compact overall structure, a robust power supply system, and is easy to carry and use, making it particularly suitable for rapid inspections during periods of high incidence of agricultural diseases, providing reliable data support for early disease monitoring and warning.

[0031] In another aspect of the present invention, a method for monitoring disease spores using the above-described portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1. Preparation of glass slides:

[0033] Based on the control and recognition module, the slide loading and unloading mechanism is controlled to insert and fix the slide coated with adhesive medium into the slide platform of the flipping mechanism.

[0034] S2, Collect spores:

[0035] After installation, based on the control and recognition module, the flipping mechanism is first controlled to place the slide in a horizontal sampling position, and then the axial flow fan is controlled to capture the spores in the air and make them adhere to the surface of the slide.

[0036] S3. Microscopic Image Acquisition:

[0037] After capture, based on the control and recognition module, the flipping mechanism is first controlled to flip the slide to the vertical imaging position, then the LED light source is turned on, and at the same time the focusing mechanism is controlled to drive the CMOS camera to automatically focus in order to acquire spore microscopic images.

[0038] S4, Image Processing, Recognition, and Counting:

[0039] After the acquisition is completed, the microscopic images are run using YOLO and lightweight U-Net models based on the control and recognition module to identify and count the spores, and the resulting images containing the number of spores and the labels are obtained.

[0040] S5. Output of Results:

[0041] Based on the control and recognition module, the recognition results are displayed on the electronic display screen, and the result data is stored and uploaded to the remote server.

[0042] S6. Slide replacement:

[0043] Based on the control and identification module, the control releases and replaces the glass slides through the slide loading and unloading mechanism for the next round of sampling.

[0044] In some embodiments, the focusing process in step S3 includes:

[0045] S31. Image preprocessing: Perform grayscale preprocessing on the images acquired by the CMOS camera;

[0046] S32. Determination of the target region: The spore target region is obtained by combining YOLO and lightweight U-net models for identification and counting.

[0047] S33. Calculation of sharpness evaluation value: Calculate the sharpness evaluation value in the spore target area;

[0048] S34 Position Search and Extreme Value Determination: The sharpness values ​​at several positions are collected by controlling the movement with a stepper motor, and the position corresponding to the maximum sharpness value is determined as the optimal focus position by using a quadratic curve fitting method.

[0049] S35, Verification Termination: If the sharpness value of the optimal focus position is greater than the preset threshold, the image is clear and focusing is complete; otherwise, the optimal focus position is searched again.

[0050] Based on the present invention, a method for monitoring disease spores using a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system can achieve rapid deployment at a single point in the field and complete an integrated process of slide sampling, microscopic imaging, automatic focusing, and intelligent identification and counting. This allows for on-the-go testing, directly outputting spore identification and counting results on-site, and supporting data upload to the cloud for remote storage and early warning. In particular, compared to traditional methods, it significantly reduces manual identification steps, improves monitoring efficiency and reliability, and is especially suitable for mobile field operations and multi-point rapid inspection scenarios.

[0051] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the housing and internal structure of a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged view focuses on the structure and installation of the spore collection mechanism.

[0055] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram, in which the spore collection mechanism, microscopic imaging module, and control and recognition module have been removed.

[0056] Figure 4 and Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the usage state of the flipping mechanism in a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 4 The slide on the flipping mechanism is shown in the sampling position. Figure 5 The slide on the flipping mechanism is shown in the imaging position.

[0057] Figures 6 to 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slide platform and slide loading / unloading mechanism assembly in a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to some embodiments of the present invention, wherein... Figure 6 and Figure 7 They are 3D images from different angles, and their working states are also different. Figure 8 and Figure 9 These are the front view and the side view.

[0058] Figure 10 and Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a microscopic imaging module in a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to some embodiments of the present invention, wherein... Figure 10 This is the main view. Figure 11 These are top views, and the LED light source is omitted in all of them.

[0059] Figure 12 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating the control and power supply connections of a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for monitoring disease spores according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating the focusing process in the disease spore monitoring method of some embodiments of the present invention.

[0062] Meaning of the labels in the attached diagram:

[0063] 10-Portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system;

[0064] 11-Spore trapping module;

[0065] 111-Spore collection mechanism; 1111-Axial flow fan; 1112-Air funnel; 1112-1-Coarse filter screen; 1112-2-Fine filter screen;

[0066] 112-Flipping mechanism; 1121-Flipping base; 1121-1-Right-angle guide groove; 1122-Cylinder; 1123-Solenoid valve; 1124-Air pump; 1125-Actuating linkage; 1126-Connecting platform; 1127-Slide platform; 1127-1-Insertion groove; 1127-2-Working window; 1127-3-Slide groove; 1128-Slide loading and unloading mechanism; 1128-1-Fixing block; 1128-2-Sliding block; 1128-2-1-Pressing rail; 1128-3-Spring; 1128-4-Pressing rod; 1128-5-Linking rod; 1128-6-Insertion block; 1128-6-1-Slot;

[0067] 12-Microscopic imaging module; 121-LED light source; 1211-Support; 122-Objective lens; 123-Lens barrel; 124-CMOS camera; 125-Focusing mechanism; 1251-Focusing base; 1252-Stepper motor; 1253-Lead screw; 1254-Guide rail; 1255-Camera platform;

[0068] 13-Control and identification module; 131-Raspberry Pi chip; 132-Embedded control board; 133-Electronic display screen;

[0069] 14-Power supply module; 141-Battery pack;

[0070] 15-Enclosure; 151-Upper enclosure; 151-1-Air inlet; 151-2-Through opening; 152-Lower enclosure;

[0071] 20-glass slide. Detailed Implementation

[0072] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0073] While some portable spore monitoring devices and methods exist that combine spore capture with microscopic imaging and upload data after image acquisition, their practical applications often suffer from at least one of the following problems: frequent manual replacement of sampling strips or slides is still required, resulting in a large workload; or the clarity of the microscopic images is insufficient, failing to guarantee identification accuracy; or identification and statistics largely rely on manual or laboratory software processing, lacking on-site automatic identification capabilities, thus failing to meet the needs of multi-point, real-time, and dynamic field monitoring.

[0074] In view of this, the embodiments of this invention aim to provide a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system and monitoring method. The system utilizes a spore capture module to continuously collect spores from the air and switch between sampling and imaging positions. A microscopic imaging module acquires clear and reliable microscopic images of the captured spores. A recognition and counting module processes, recognizes, and counts the acquired images, enabling real-time monitoring and early warning of disease spores. This achieves an automated integrated process of spore capture, microscopic imaging, and intelligent recognition. The system features a compact structure, high degree of automation, simple operation, clear imaging, accurate recognition, real-time visualization, efficient data processing, and suitability for field applications. It effectively supports agricultural and forestry disease monitoring and early warning, thus comprehensively solving the aforementioned problems.

[0075] The following is based on Figures 1-12 The portable, fully automated spore capture and analysis system of the present invention is described in detail below. Figure 12 This is a schematic block diagram of a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a focus on illustrating the control and power supply relationships between the modules. Figures 1-11 This invention relates to a portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system, which is integrated into a housing as a "portable spore catcher". The device has a compact overall layout and is suitable for field use and on-the-go testing.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 12This invention provides a portable, fully automated spore capture and analysis system 10, comprising a spore capture module 11, a microscopic imaging module 12, a control and identification module 13, and a power supply module 14. Wherein:

[0077] The spore capture module 11 includes a spore collection mechanism 111 and a flipping mechanism 112. The spore collection mechanism 111 is configured to capture airborne spores and concentrate them on the surface of a glass slide. The flipping mechanism 112 is configured to load and unload the glass slide 20 and switch the glass slide 20 between a sampling position and an imaging position. The microscopic imaging module 12 is configured to perform microscopic imaging of the spores on the glass slide 20 at the imaging position. The control and recognition module 13 controls the spore collection mechanism 111, the flipping mechanism 112, and the microscopic imaging module 12 respectively. It is configured to regulate the actions of the spore collection mechanism 111, the flipping mechanism 112, and the microscopic imaging module 12, to perform recognition and counting processing on the microscopic images, and to present the spore counting results and the marked images as recognition results in real time. The power supply module 14 is configured to provide power to the spore capture module 11, the microscopic imaging module 12, and the recognition and control module.

[0078] The portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system 10 of this invention has a compact structure and a high degree of automation, making it suitable for field operations. Experiments show that it achieves the expected results in terms of target spore capture rate, microscopic image clarity, and identification and counting accuracy, and can provide strong data support for the prevention and control decisions of agricultural and forestry diseases.

[0079] Reference Figure 1-3 The spore collection mechanism 111 in this embodiment of the invention may include an axial flow fan 1111 stacked on top of each other and an air funnel 1112; the large diameter end of the air funnel 1112 is provided with a coarse filter 1112-1 and is connected to the air outlet of the axial flow fan 1111, and the small diameter end of the air funnel 1112 is provided with a fine filter 1112-2 and is aligned with the sampling surface of the glass slide 20 at the sampling position.

[0080] It is understandable that the large-diameter end and small-diameter end of the air funnel 1112, as well as the coarse filter 1112-1 and fine filter 1112-2, are relative concepts. That is, the diameter of the large-diameter end is larger than that of the small-diameter end and is used for feeding at the large-diameter end, while the small-diameter end is used for discharging. The mesh count of the coarse filter 1112-1 is smaller than that of the fine filter 1112-2. The two are used in combination to ensure that non-target impurities such as dust and pollen are suppressed while passing through the filter.

[0081] For example, refer to Figures 1-3In this embodiment of the invention, the device may further include a housing 15, with a spore-capturing module 11 disposed inside the housing 15 for enriching and capturing airborne Fusarium spore particles onto the surface of the glass slide 20. More specifically, the interior of the housing 15 is divided into an upper housing 151 and a lower housing 152. A spore collection mechanism 111 is installed inside the upper housing 151, and an air inlet 151-1 is opened at the top of the upper housing 151. An axial flow fan 1111 is fixed at the air inlet 151-1 and is vertically arranged.

[0082] In practice, the axial flow fan 1111 is installed at the top of the housing 15 to form a directional airflow from top to bottom inside the housing 15. The air funnel 1112 is connected to the bottom of the axial flow fan 1111. The large diameter end of the air funnel 1112 is connected to the outside, and the small diameter end faces the sampling surface of the glass slide 20 below. During sampling, the air is drawn from the large diameter end to the small diameter end through the funnel under the action of the axial flow fan 1111, forming a high-speed airflow at the outlet of the funnel. The Fusarium spores in the field environment are drawn into the air funnel 1112 with the airflow and guided to the position of the glass slide 20, where they are adhered and fixed.

[0083] The spore collection mechanism 111 of this embodiment of the invention operates as follows:

[0084] Before sampling, a layer of Vaseline can be pre-coated onto the surface of the glass slide 20 to improve spore capture efficiency. When spore collection is required, the axial flow fan 1111 is turned on for a certain period of time (the capture time can be adjusted according to the disease occurrence status; the sampling time can be extended during early warning monitoring and appropriately shortened during quantitative detection), continuously and actively drawing in surrounding air to complete spore collection. After being filtered through a double filter, the target spore particle size in the air can pass through the air funnel 1112, where small-diameter spores adhere and accumulate on the coating of the glass slide 20, while dust and other impurities are filtered out. In this way, the entire collection process can be completed independently in the field without the need for external fixed facilities. After collection is completed, the axial flow fan 1111 is turned off, and the equipment proceeds to the next stage.

[0085] Reference Figure 3-5 The flipping mechanism 112 in this embodiment of the invention may include a flipping base 1121, a cylinder 1122, a solenoid valve 1123, an air pump 1124, an actuating linkage 1128-51125, a connecting platform 1126, and a slide platform 1127. The cylinder 1122 is fixed to one end of the flipping base 1121 and connected to the air pump 1124 through the solenoid valve 1123. One end of the actuating linkage 1128-51125 is slidably connected to a right-angle guide groove 1121-1 opened on the flipping base 1121, and the other end is fixedly connected to the slide platform 1127. The connecting platform 1126 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the cylinder 1122 and is movably sleeved on the outside of the actuating linkage 1128-51125.

[0086] In practice, the flipping mechanism 112 is pneumatically driven. The flipping base 1121 is directly fixed inside the housing 15 as a support base for the flipping mechanism 112. The cylinder 1122 is installed on one side of the flipping base 1121 and is connected to the air pump 1124 through the solenoid valve 1123 to obtain pneumatic power.

[0087] The design of the flipping mechanism 112 ensures that the slide platform 1127 can stably switch between the horizontal sampling position and the vertical imaging position. (Refer to...) Figure 4 and Figure 5 When the piston of cylinder 1122 extends or retracts, it drives the connecting platform 1126 to push the actuator linkage 1128-51125 to move along the trajectory of the right-angle guide groove 1121-1, thereby driving the slide platform 1127 to switch between the horizontal sampling position and the vertical imaging position, thus realizing the flipping movement of the slide platform 1127, while maintaining a vertical posture during imaging, avoiding light path contamination.

[0088] For example, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 In this embodiment of the invention, the device may further include a housing 15, with the spore-capturing module 11 disposed inside the housing 15. More specifically, the interior of the housing 15 is divided into an upper housing 151 and a lower housing 152. The flipping base 1121, cylinder 1122, actuating linkages 1128-51125, connecting platform 1126, and slide platform 1127 of the flipping mechanism 112 are all centrally installed in the upper housing 151, while the solenoid valve 1123 and air pump 1124 of the flipping mechanism 112 are centrally installed in the lower housing 152.

[0089] The principle and working process of the flipping mechanism 112 in this embodiment of the invention are as follows:

[0090] The flipping mechanism 112 is automatically triggered by the control and recognition module 13: during the spore capture stage, the slide platform 1127 is in a horizontal position to allow airborne spores to deposit and adhere; after capture is complete, the control cylinder 1122 extends its piston, flipping the slide platform 1127 to a vertical position to enter the imaging state. The entire flipping process is smooth, ensuring that the sample on the slide is not disturbed.

[0091] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment of the invention, the slide platform 1127 has an insertion slot 1127-1 for mounting the slide 20 inside, and two surfaces of the slide platform 1127 are symmetrically provided with working windows 1127-2 for docking sampling or imaging, and the working windows 1127-2 are connected to the insertion slot 1127-1.

[0092] Reference Figure 6-9In this embodiment of the invention, the slide platform 1127 is further provided with a slide loading and unloading mechanism 1128; the slide loading and unloading mechanism 1128 may include a fixing block 1128-1, a sliding block 1128-2, a spring 1128-3, a pressing rod 1128-4, a connecting rod 1128-5, and an insert block 1128-6. Wherein:

[0093] A slide platform 1127 has a sliding groove 1127-3 on one side surface that communicates with the insertion groove 1127-1. A fixing block 1128-1 is fixedly installed at one end of the sliding groove 1127-3, and a sliding block 1128-2 is slidably installed at the other end. A spring 1128-3 connects one end of the fixing block 1128-1 and one end of the sliding block 1128-2, and a pressing rod 1128-4 is fixedly connected to the other end of the sliding block 1128-2. A pressing track 1128-2-1 is provided on the outer surface of the sliding block 1128-2, and a connecting rod... One end of 1128-5 is slidably connected to the pressing track 1128-2-1, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the fixing block 1128-1; the inner surface of the sliding block 1128-2 is fixedly connected to the insert block 1128-6, and the insert block 1128-6 has a slot 1128-6-1 for fixing the glass slide 20. The insert block 1128-6 is connected to the insertion groove 1127-1 by insertion and removal, and when the insert block 1128-6 is in the insertion groove 1127-1, the slot 1128-6-1 is directly opposite the two working windows 1127-2.

[0094] In practical implementation, to facilitate rapid replacement of the slide 20 during multiple samplings on site, a slide platform 1127 is equipped with a slide groove 1127-3 and a slide loading / unloading mechanism 1128. The dimensions of the slot 1128-6-1 match the slide 20; for example, the slide 20 can be fixed by a unidirectional elastic snap-fit ​​structure. The pressing rail 1128-2-1 is used to limit the movement of the slide loading / unloading mechanism 1128, and the pressing rod 1128-4 has a stroke that can be pressed along the direction of the slide groove 1127-3.

[0095] The slide loading and unloading mechanism 1128 of this invention is used as follows:

[0096] When loading and unloading the slide 20, press the pressing rod 1128-4. The spring 1128-3, the pressing track 1128-2-1, and the connecting rod 1128-5 cause the insert block 1128-6 to leave the insertion slot 1127-1. The slot 1128-6-1, carrying the fixed slide 20, pops out of the working window 1127-2. Press the pressing rod 1128-4 again, and the insert block 1128-6 enters the insertion slot 1127-1. The slot 1128-6-1, carrying the fixed slide 20, pops into the slide platform 1127 and aligns with the working window 1127-2, ready for the next round of sampling. This process is repeated.

[0097] Reference Figure 10-11 The microscopic imaging module 12 in this embodiment of the invention may include an LED light source 121, an objective lens 122, a lens barrel 123, a CMOS camera 124, and a focusing mechanism 125; wherein, the objective lens 122, the lens barrel 123, and the CMOS camera 124 are located on one side of the slide 20 at the imaging position and are arranged coaxially along the same optical axis, while the objective lens 122 is connected to the CMOS camera 124 through the lens barrel 123, and the LED light source 121 is located on the other side of the slide 20, and the light path passes through the slide 20 at the imaging position.

[0098] For example, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 In this embodiment of the invention, a housing 15 may also be included, with the microscopic imaging module 12 disposed inside the housing 15. More specifically, the interior of the housing 15 is divided into an upper housing 151 and a lower housing 152, with the microscopic imaging module 12 integrally installed inside the upper housing 151. Meanwhile, the LED light source 121 is fixedly connected to the outside of the upper housing 151 via a bracket 1211 and faces the through-hole 151-2. The bracket 1211 can be integrally formed with the housing 15. The slide platform 1127 at the imaging position passes through the through-hole 151-2 and is aligned with the LED light source 121. The focusing base 1251 is fixed inside the upper housing 151.

[0099] In practice, the microscopic imaging module 12 is used to acquire microscopic images of the slide 20 with spores adhering to it. When the flipping mechanism 112 flips the slide 20 to the vertical imaging position, the microscopic imaging optical path is automatically aligned with the slide 20. The LED light source 121 serves as a transmitted illumination source and is located outside the housing 15 on one side of the slide 20. The objective lens 122, the lens barrel 123, and the CMOS camera 124 are located inside the housing 15 on the other side of the slide 20. All components are coaxially arranged along the same optical axis, ensuring that the optical path propagates horizontally through the slide 20 and obtains stable imaging. The objective lens 122 is connected to the CMOS camera 124 through the lens barrel 123, forming a combination similar to a microscope objective lens 122 + imaging lens, which magnifies and images the tiny spores on the slide 20 onto the camera sensor.

[0100] In some further designs of embodiments of the present invention: A replaceable microscope objective 122 is preferably used, such as a commercially available 20X objective 122 (numerical aperture approximately 0.4, working distance approximately 3mm), to obtain images with appropriate magnification on-site. An 8-megapixel CMOS image sensor is preferred, with a sensor size of approximately 4.8mm × 3.6mm. Combined with the 20X objective 122, a field of view of approximately 0.24mm × 0.18mm can be obtained. Under this field of view, each frame of image covers an area of ​​approximately 0.0432mm². Assuming the size of a Fusarium graminearum spore is approximately 5 × 50µm (single area approximately 0.00025mm²), a single frame of image can theoretically contain 173 spore targets, with each spore image occupying approximately 50,000 pixels. Such imaging resolution can meet the requirements for spore target identification and counting.

[0101] The working process of the microscopic imaging module 12 in this embodiment of the invention is as follows:

[0102] The LED light source 121 is turned on simultaneously during imaging, transmitting light through the glass slide 20 and the spores attached to it to achieve bright-field illumination. Subsequently, the CMOS camera 124 captures a microscopic image of the spores on the glass slide 20 and transmits the raw image data to the Raspberry Pi chip 131 for storage and processing via CSI. After imaging is complete, the glass slide 20 can be kept in an upright position by the flipping mechanism 112 to await replacement, while the LED light source 121 is turned off to enter the recognition and processing stage.

[0103] Also refer to Figure 10-11 The focusing mechanism 125 in this embodiment of the invention may include a focusing base 1251 and a stepper motor 1252, a lead screw 1253, a guide rail 1254, and a camera platform 1255 disposed on the focusing base 1251. The lead screw 1253 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the focusing base 1251 and extends longitudinally along the focusing base 1251. Two guide rails 1254 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the focusing base 1251 and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lead screw 1253, and are also parallel to the lead screw 1253. The stepper motor 1252 is fixed to one end of the focusing base 1251 and is connected to the lead screw 1253 via a coupling. The camera platform 1255 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 1253 and simultaneously slidably connected to the guide rails 1254. A CMOS camera 124 is fixedly connected to the camera platform 1255.

[0104] In practice, the focusing mechanism 125 drives the CMOS camera 124 to adjust its position relative to the glass slide 20, thereby achieving autofocus. The focusing base 1251 is fixed inside the housing 15 to fix and support the overall structure. The camera platform 1255 provides stable support for the camera and is guided by guide rails 1254 arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides.

[0105] The focusing mechanism 125 of this invention has the following principle and working process:

[0106] When the stepper motor 1252 rotates under the action of the control signal, it drives the lead screw 1253 to rotate. Utilizing the principle of screw transmission, the camera platform 1255 reciprocates along the axis of the lead screw 1253. As a result, the camera, lens barrel 123, and objective lens 122 are displaced relative to the slide 20, changing the position of the imaging plane and achieving precise adjustment of the focal length.

[0107] Furthermore, to meet the high-precision focusing requirements of microscopic imaging, this embodiment of the invention can use a 42-type two-phase stepper motor 1252 (with a step angle of 1.8°), with an 8-microstep control driver and a lead screw pitch of 1mm. This allows the camera platform 1255 to move approximately 0.625µm per microstep, achieving micrometer-level focusing resolution. Considering factors such as mechanism friction and clearance during actual operation, the system's focusing accuracy remains stable at the micrometer level, meeting the requirements for high-quality, clear imaging.

[0108] Reference Figure 1 , 2 In embodiments of the present invention, the control and identification module 13 may include a Raspberry Pi chip 131, an embedded control board 132, and an electronic display screen 133. The Raspberry Pi chip 131 is connected to a stepper motor 1252, a solenoid valve 1123, an air pump 1124, an axial fan 1111, and an LED light source 121 via the embedded control board 132. The Raspberry Pi chip 131 is connected to a CMOS camera 124 via a CSI interface to transmit digital image data to the processing unit. The Raspberry Pi chip 131 is connected to the electronic display screen 133 via a DSI interface.

[0109] For example, refer to Figures 1-3 In this embodiment of the invention, the enclosure may further include a housing 15, with the control and identification module 13 disposed inside the housing 15. More specifically, the interior of the housing 15 is divided into an upper housing 151 and a lower housing 152. The Raspberry Pi chip 131 and the embedded control board 132 are both centrally installed in the lower housing 152, and the electronic display screen 133 is installed on the outer surface of the housing 15 for easy on-site viewing.

[0110] In practical implementation, the Raspberry Pi chip 131 acts as the main controller, issuing control commands to the embedded control board 132, and is responsible for task flow management, human-computer interaction, and model inference. The embedded control board 132 has a drive interface connected to one side, driving the stepper motor 1252, solenoid valve 1123, air pump 1124, axial fan 1111, and LED light source 121, and reading I / O signals such as limit / position switches (e.g., flipping to position), responsible for real-time control of the axial fan 1111, flipping mechanism 112, LED light source 121, and focusing mechanism 125. More specifically:

[0111] In terms of control, the Raspberry Pi chip 131 and embedded control board 132 in the control and recognition module 13 are responsible for the automatic control, data processing, and result interaction of the entire device. The Raspberry Pi chip 131, as the main controller, can run a Linux operating system and includes built-in software resources such as a Python programming environment and the OpenCV computer vision library, providing support for image processing and model operation. The embedded control board 132 is connected to various actuators (i.e., axial fan 1111, solenoid valve 1123, air pump 1124, LED light source 121, and stepper motor 1252) via interface circuits. It receives control commands from the Raspberry Pi and generates corresponding drive signals to achieve real-time control of each mechanical component.

[0112] Regarding the identification and counting function, this embodiment of the invention also deploys a trained YOLO+lightweight U-Net spore identification and counting model on the Raspberry Pi chip 131. The YOLO model is used for real-time target detection on images obtained from microscopic imaging, quickly identifying candidate regions of spores and providing bounding box positions and confidence scores. These candidate regions are then cropped and fed into the lightweight U-Net model for pixel-level semantic segmentation, thereby obtaining accurate masks and counting results for each spore. The combination of the YOLO and U-Net models balances recognition speed and accuracy: YOLO's efficient convolutional neural network structure ensures rapid detection of high-density small targets, while U-Net's pixel-by-pixel analysis improves segmentation and counting accuracy in cases of spore adhesion and overlap. Therefore, the control and identification module 13 of this embodiment of the invention, by introducing a lightweight strategy in the model design, ensures inference speed in the Raspberry Pi embedded environment, meeting the real-time detection requirements in the field.

[0113] Furthermore, in terms of data transmission and display, the Raspberry Pi chip 131 is compatible with wireless communication modules such as 4G and WIFI modules, enabling the uploading of result data to the server. Combined with the built-in SD card, it can achieve cloud transmission and local storage of data. Simultaneously, the Raspberry Pi chip 131 acquires images from the CMOS camera 124 via the CSI interface and outputs the recognition and counting results to the electronic display screen 133 via the DSI interface, facilitating on-site observation by the user. Therefore, the data transmission and display process of this embodiment can complete a frame update within one second, ensuring the real-time nature of the results and efficient utilization of system resources.

[0114] The control and identification module 13 of this invention, through the cooperation of the above-mentioned control (including display and transmission) and identification aspects, realizes the fully automated operation and visual output of spore capture, imaging and identification.

[0115] The operation process of the control and identification module 13 in this embodiment of the invention is as follows:

[0116] After each image acquisition, the Raspberry Pi chip 131 automatically runs the aforementioned model to process the image, obtaining spore identification and counting results, and generating a labeled result image. Subsequently, the system fuses and overlays the original microscopic image with the identification results, displaying them intuitively on a local electronic display screen 133 for convenient on-site viewing. Simultaneously, the Raspberry Pi chip 131 uploads the result data and labeled images to a predetermined remote server for cloud storage via wireless communication modules such as wireless networks, for further analysis and early warning decision-making in the background.

[0117] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 12 The power supply module 14 in this embodiment of the invention may include a battery pack 141, a battery management module, and a step-down module. The Raspberry Pi chip 131 is connected to the battery pack 141 through the battery management module. The battery pack 141 outputs power to the axial fan 1111, LED light source 121, solenoid valve 1123, air pump 1124, Raspberry Pi chip 131, and embedded control board 132 through the step-down module. At the same time, the battery management module is communicatively connected to the step-down module.

[0118] For example, refer to Figures 1-3 In this embodiment of the invention, the device may further include a housing 15, with the power supply module 14 disposed inside the housing 15. More specifically, the interior of the housing 15 is divided into an upper housing 151 and a lower housing 152, with the power supply module 14, the Raspberry Pi chip 131, and the embedded control board 132 all centrally mounted on the same side within the lower housing 152.

[0119] In practical implementation, the power supply module 14 provides a stable power supply to the loads of other modules; the battery management module is used to protect the battery pack 141 and the circuit; the step-down module regulates the voltage of the battery pack 141 to the operating voltage of each component. More specifically: the battery pack 141 can be four lithium battery cells in series to provide a nominal voltage of 14.8V; the axial fan 1111 operates at 12V, the LED light source 121, the solenoid valve 1123, the air pump 1124, and the Raspberry Pi chip 131 all operate at 5V, and the embedded control board 132 operates at 3.3V.

[0120] The following is based on Figures 13-14 The procedure for monitoring disease spores according to the present invention is described in detail.

[0121] Please refer to Figure 13-14 This invention also provides a method for monitoring disease spores using the aforementioned portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system, comprising the following steps:

[0122] S1. Preparation of glass slides:

[0123] Insert the glass slide coated with the adhesive medium into the slide platform of the flipping mechanism and fix it in place.

[0124] In practice, the slide loading and unloading mechanism is operated to release the slide. That is, the pressing rod is pressed to make the insert block pop out of the slide platform, the slide coated with Vaseline is inserted into the slot of the insert block, and the pressing rod is pressed again to make the insert block carry the slide into the slide platform.

[0125] S2, Collect spores:

[0126] After installation, based on the control and recognition module, the flipping mechanism is first controlled to place the slide in a horizontal sampling position, and then the axial flow fan is controlled to capture spores in the air and make them adhere to the surface of the slide.

[0127] In practice, the spore-capturing module is activated, controlling the flipping mechanism to rotate the glass slide to a horizontal sampling position. Then, the axial flow fan is turned on, creating a downward airflow inside the chamber for a period of time to capture airborne spores. Once the set sampling time is reached, the axial flow fan stops rotating, completing the spore collection process.

[0128] S3. Microscopic Image Acquisition:

[0129] After capture, based on the control and recognition module, the flipping mechanism is first controlled to flip the slide to the vertical imaging position, then the LED light source is turned on, and at the same time the focusing mechanism drives the CMOS camera to automatically focus in order to acquire spore microscopic images.

[0130] In practice, after capture is complete, the flipping mechanism is controlled to flip the slide from the horizontal sampling position to the vertical imaging position. Then, the LED light source is illuminated for transmission illumination; the focusing mechanism drives the CMOS camera to execute the autofocus algorithm, and after obtaining a clear spore image, the CMOS camera immediately acquires the microscopic image and transmits it to the Raspberry Pi chip.

[0131] S4, Image Processing, Recognition, and Counting:

[0132] After acquisition, the microscopic images are processed using YOLO and lightweight U-Net models based on the control and recognition module to identify and count spores, resulting in images containing the number of spores and their labels.

[0133] In practice, the control and recognition module runs the YOLO+ lightweight U-Net model on the acquired microscopic images to automatically identify and count spore targets in the images. The recognition process includes target detection, segmentation, and labeling, and the final output is a result image containing spore location markers and count numbers.

[0134] Furthermore, in step S4, the YOLO model is first used to detect spore candidate regions in the image, and then the lightweight U-Net model is used to perform pixel-level segmentation of the spore candidate regions to achieve the identification and quantity statistics of spores in the microscopic image.

[0135] S5. Output of Results:

[0136] Based on the control and recognition module, the recognition results are displayed on the electronic display screen, and the result data is stored and uploaded to the remote server.

[0137] In practice, the identified spore count results and labeled images are used as the identification structure and displayed in real time on an electronic display screen. Simultaneously, the results data and labeled images are uploaded to a remote server via wireless transmission modules for cloud storage and subsequent analysis. The local Raspberry Pi chip can also save data to its built-in memory card as historical records.

[0138] S6. Slide replacement:

[0139] Operate the slide loading and unloading mechanism to release and replace the slide for the next round of sampling.

[0140] In practice, the slide is released through the slide loading and unloading mechanism. Pressing the pressing rod causes the slide, which is fixed in place, to pop out of the slot. The used slide is replaced and recycled, and a new slide is inserted to start the next round of sampling.

[0141] Based on the cyclical execution of the above process, the disease spore monitoring method of this invention can automatically complete the entire process of "sampling-imaging-identification-uploading" on-site. Once deployed in the field, it can be operated by a single person, enabling real-time monitoring and early warning of crop disease spores such as wheat scab through rapid multi-point collection. Compared with traditional methods, it reduces the manual microscopic identification steps, significantly improving monitoring efficiency and data real-time performance.

[0142] Furthermore, in step S3, the focusing process includes:

[0143] S31. Image preprocessing: Perform grayscale preprocessing on the images acquired by the CMOS camera;

[0144] S32. Determination of the target region: The spore target region is obtained by combining YOLO and lightweight U-net models for identification and counting.

[0145] S33. Calculation of sharpness evaluation value: Calculate the sharpness evaluation value in the spore target area;

[0146] S34 Position Search and Extreme Value Determination: The sharpness values ​​at several positions are collected by controlling the movement with a stepper motor, and the position corresponding to the maximum sharpness value is determined as the optimal focus position by using a quadratic curve fitting method.

[0147] S35, Verification Termination: If the sharpness value of the optimal focus position is greater than the preset threshold, the image is clear and focusing is complete; otherwise, the optimal focus position is searched again.

[0148] In practice, the focusing process is automatically completed by the focusing algorithm running on the Raspberry Pi control chip. The specific steps are as follows:

[0149] S31 Image Preprocessing: The raw images captured by the CMOS camera are converted to grayscale using the OpenCV machine vision library on the Raspberry Pi chip.

[0150] S32. Determining the target region: Input the grayscale image into the YOLO+ Lightweight U-NET spore recognition and counting model to obtain several candidate target boxes. Confidence level and corresponding pixel-level masks The target area is obtained by combining the various masks. ;when If the area is outside the preset range (e.g., too few spores or unstable recognition), the full-frame area will be used as the focus evaluation area.

[0151] S33. Sharpness Evaluation Value Calculation: Perform Laplacian convolution on the grayscale image G within the target area to obtain the edge response image L, and calculate the sharpness evaluation value using the following formula:

[0152] In the formula, For variance, To prevent positive constants from being divided by zero, The formula uses the mask area to perform weighted normalization on the evaluation value, making it more typical while avoiding the influence of lighting on the image; and calculates its variance as the sharpness value.

[0153] S34 Position Search and Extreme Value Determination: The algorithm controls a stepper motor to drive a lead screw, moving the camera platform along the guide rail to a preset area (near the objective lens working distance). Sharpness evaluation values ​​are then collected at several locations within this preset area. The target position is calculated by fitting a quadratic polynomial to the vertex of the parabola. During the focusing process, to eliminate the influence of mechanical backlash, a preset reverse backlash compensation operation can be performed during motor reversal to improve focusing accuracy.

[0154] S35 Re-examination Termination: When the sharpness of the target position exceeds the preset threshold, the focus is considered successful, and the stepper motor is stopped at that position; if the sharpness threshold is not reached, the search parameters are readjusted to perform a new round of focus optimization.

[0155] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0156] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0157] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0158] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable, fully automated spore capture and analysis system, characterized in that, include: A spore-capturing module, comprising a spore-collecting mechanism and a flipping mechanism, wherein the spore-collecting mechanism is configured to capture airborne spores and enrich them onto the surface of a glass slide, and the flipping mechanism is configured to load and unload a glass slide and switch the glass slide between a sampling position and an imaging position. as well as A microscopic imaging module, configured to perform microscopic imaging of spores on a glass slide at an imaging location; The control and identification module controls the spore collection mechanism, the flipping mechanism, and the microscopic imaging module respectively. It is configured to regulate the actions of the spore collection mechanism, the flipping mechanism, and the microscopic imaging module, to identify and count the microscopic images, and to present the identified spore count results and the marked images as identification results in real time. A power supply module is configured to provide power to the spore capture module, the microscopic imaging module, and the identification control module.

2. The portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spore collection mechanism includes an axial flow fan and an air funnel stacked on top of each other; the large-diameter end of the air funnel is provided with a coarse filter screen and is connected to the air outlet of the axial flow fan, and the small-diameter end of the air funnel is provided with a fine filter screen and is aligned with the sampling surface of the glass slide at the sampling position.

3. The portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flipping mechanism includes a flipping base, a cylinder, a solenoid valve, an air pump, an actuator link, a connecting platform, and a glass slide platform. The cylinder is fixed to one end of the flip base and connected to the air pump through the solenoid valve; one end of the actuating linkage is slidably connected to a right-angle guide groove opened on the flip base, and the other end is fixedly connected to the slide platform; the connecting platform is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the cylinder and is simultaneously movably sleeved on the outside of the actuating linkage. When the piston of the cylinder extends or retracts, it drives the connecting platform to push the actuator rod to move along the trajectory of the right-angle guide groove, thereby driving the slide platform to switch between the horizontal sampling position and the vertical imaging position. The slide platform has an internal slot for mounting slides, and two surfaces of the slide platform have symmetrical working windows for docking sampling or imaging. The working windows are connected to the slots.

4. The portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The slide platform is also equipped with a slide loading and unloading mechanism; the slide loading and unloading mechanism includes a fixing block, a sliding block, a spring, a pressing rod, a connecting rod, and an insert block; The slide platform has a groove on one side surface that communicates with the insertion slot. A fixing block is fixedly installed at one end of the groove, and a sliding block is slidably installed at the other end of the groove. A spring is connected between the fixing block and one end of the sliding block, and the pressing rod is fixedly connected to the other end of the sliding block. The outer surface of the sliding block is provided with a pressing track, one end of the connecting rod is slidably connected to the pressing track, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the fixed block; the inner surface of the sliding block is fixedly connected to the insert block, and the insert block is provided with a slot for fixing the glass slide. The insert block is engaged with the insertion slot by inserting and pulling, and when the insert block is in the insertion slot, the slot is directly opposite the two working windows; When loading and unloading a slide, press the pressing rod, the insert block leaves the insertion slot, and the slot carrying the fixed slide pops out of the working window. Press the pressing rod again, the insert block enters the insertion slot, and the slot carrying the fixed slide pops into the slide platform and aligns with the working window. Repeat this process.

5. The portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microscopic imaging module includes an LED light source, an objective lens, a microscope tube, a CMOS camera, and a focusing mechanism. The objective lens, the microscope tube, and the CMOS camera are all located on one side of the slide at the imaging position and are arranged coaxially along the same optical axis. The objective lens is connected to the CMOS camera through the microscope tube. The LED light source is located on the other side of the slide and allows the light path to pass through the slide at the imaging position. The focusing mechanism includes a focusing base and a stepper motor, a lead screw, guide rails, and a camera platform disposed on the focusing base. The lead screw is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the focusing base and extends longitudinally along the focusing base. Two guide rails are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the focusing base and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lead screw. The guide rails are also arranged parallel to the lead screw. The stepper motor is fixed to one end of the focusing base and is drivenly connected to the lead screw through a coupling. The camera platform is threadedly connected to the lead screw and simultaneously slidably connected to the guide rails. The CMOS camera is fixedly connected to the camera platform.

6. The portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control and identification module includes a Raspberry Pi chip, an embedded control board, and an electronic display screen. The Raspberry Pi chip is connected to the stepper motor, the solenoid valve, the air pump, the axial fan, and the LED light source via the embedded control board. The Raspberry Pi chip is connected to the CMOS camera via a CSI interface and to the electronic display screen via a DSI interface.

7. The portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power supply module includes a battery pack, a battery management module, and a step-down module. The Raspberry Pi chip is connected to the battery pack via the battery management module. The battery pack outputs power to an axial fan, an LED light source, a solenoid valve, an air pump, the Raspberry Pi chip, and an embedded control board via the step-down module. The battery management module is also communicatively connected to the step-down module.

8. The portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a housing, and the spore-capturing module, the microscopic imaging module, the control and identification module, and the power supply module are all located inside the housing; The internal structure of the enclosure is divided into an upper enclosure and a lower enclosure. The microscopic imaging module, the spore collection mechanism, and the flipping mechanism's flipping base, cylinder, actuator, connecting platform, and slide platform are all centrally installed in the upper enclosure. An air inlet is located at the top of the upper enclosure, and an axial flow fan is fixed at the air inlet and vertically positioned. A through-hole is located on the side of the upper enclosure, and the LED light source is fixedly connected to the outside of the upper enclosure via a bracket, facing the through-hole. The slide platform at the imaging position passes through the through-hole and aligns with the LED light source. The control and identification module, the power supply module, and the solenoid valve and air pump of the flipping mechanism are all centrally installed in the lower enclosure.

9. A method for monitoring disease spores using the portable fully automated spore capture and analysis system described in claim 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of glass slides: A glass slide coated with an adhesive medium is inserted into the slide platform of the flipping mechanism and fixed in place; S2, Collect spores: After installation, based on the control and recognition module, the flipping mechanism is first controlled to place the slide in a horizontal sampling position, and then the axial flow fan is controlled to capture spores in the air and make them adhere to the surface of the slide. S3. Microscopic Image Acquisition: After the capture is completed, based on the control and recognition module, the flipping mechanism is first controlled to flip the slide to the vertical imaging position, and then the LED light source is turned on. At the same time, the focusing mechanism is controlled to drive the CMOS camera to automatically focus in order to acquire spore microscopic images. S4, Image Processing, Recognition, and Counting: After the acquisition is completed, based on the control and recognition module, the YOLO and lightweight U-Net models are run on the microscopic image to identify and count the spores, and the result image containing the number of spores and the labels is obtained. S5. Output of Results: Based on the control and recognition module, the recognition result is displayed on the electronic display screen, and the result data is stored and uploaded to a remote server. S6. Slide replacement: Based on the control and identification module, the slide is released and replaced through the slide loading and unloading mechanism for the next round of sampling.

10. The method for monitoring disease spores according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S3, the focusing process includes: S31. Image preprocessing: Perform grayscale preprocessing on the images acquired by the CMOS camera; S32. Determination of the target region: The spore target region is obtained by combining YOLO and lightweight U-net models for identification and counting. S33. Calculation of sharpness evaluation value: Calculate the sharpness evaluation value in the spore target area; S34 Position Search and Extreme Value Determination: The sharpness values ​​at several positions are collected by controlling the movement with a stepper motor, and the position corresponding to the maximum sharpness value is determined as the optimal focus position by using a quadratic curve fitting method. S35, Verification Termination: If the sharpness value of the optimal focus position is greater than the preset threshold, the image is clear and focusing is complete; otherwise, the optimal focus position is searched again.

Images