Building masonry construction method based on BIM technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a building masonry construction method based on a BIM technology, and relates to the technical field of building engineering construction, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining BIM data of a building information model of a target wall, the BIM data comprising theoretical space coordinates of each masonry and theoretical thicknesses of all mortar joints; and based on the BIM data, guiding the building of the current construction unit, and obtaining the actual space coordinates of the built masonry. Through an accurate prediction and grading adjustment mechanism, it is effectively avoided that after wall building is completed, due to the fact that the flatness exceeds the standard, the wall is pushed over and rebuilt, compensation is carried out through a gradual deviation rectification path and by optimizing the mortar joint thickness gradient, material cost is hardly increased, only mortar consumption distribution is changed, reconstruction of the BIM model is triggered only when fine adjustment is not feasible, and the construction efficiency is improved. The arrangement of the brickwork is adjusted, planned adjustment is carried out in the construction process, the destructiveness and the cost are much lower than those of reworking after construction is completed, the completed project amount is protected to the maximum degree, and the cost is effectively controlled.

Description

A BIM-based masonry construction method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, specifically a building masonry construction method based on BIM technology. Background Technology

[0002] Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is widely used in architectural design, clash detection, construction simulation, and other fields. Traditional BIM-based masonry construction methods typically include the following steps: First, a BIM model of the wall is created based on the architectural drawings, and automated or interactive virtual bricklaying is performed to generate a bricklaying diagram containing the location, specifications, and mortar joint information of each brick layer; then, the bricklaying diagram is output to guide on-site construction.

[0003] However, traditional BIM-based masonry construction methods present theoretical geometric shapes under ideal conditions, which are essentially static. However, during on-site construction, errors inevitably occur due to various dynamic factors such as material dimensions, worker operation, and uneven mortar thickness. These errors accumulate as construction progresses, eventually causing the completed wall to deviate from the ideal state in terms of flatness and verticality. For construction projects with high precision requirements such as no plastering, this accumulation of errors often means that the target cannot be met in one go, requiring subsequent chiseling or adding plaster layers for leveling, resulting in material waste, construction delays, and increased costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a building masonry construction method based on BIM technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A BIM-based masonry construction method includes the following steps:

[0007] Obtain the BIM data of the building information model of the target wall, wherein the BIM data includes the theoretical spatial coordinates of each masonry element and the theoretical thickness of all mortar joints;

[0008] Based on BIM data, guide the masonry construction of the current construction unit and obtain the actual spatial coordinates of the masonry already constructed;

[0009] Calculate the difference between the theoretical and actual spatial coordinates of each masonry element after the current construction unit is completed, and obtain the error vector set;

[0010] Spatial linear regression analysis was performed on the error vector set to obtain the slope parameter characterizing the overall tilt direction of the wall;

[0011] Based on the slope parameter and the height of the unconstructed part of the wall, the predicted cumulative error value when the wall is completed is calculated, and it is determined whether the predicted cumulative error value exceeds the flatness tolerance threshold.

[0012] Based on the slope parameter and the predicted cumulative error value, a parameter sequence is generated by reverse calculation. The parameter sequence is used to determine the target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint at different positions in the wall surface, so as to correct the tilt direction by constructing mortar joints with thickness gradients.

[0013] Traverse the parameter sequence, calculate the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness of each mortar joint to be constructed at different positions within the wall surface, determine the maximum thickness difference, and judge whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than the first preset value.

[0014] If so, calculate the first excess value between the maximum thickness difference and the first preset value, and reconstruct the thickness and number of layers of subsequent masonry based on the first excess value to correct the building information model of the target wall to be constructed.

[0015] Preferably, before determining whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than the first preset value, the method further includes:

[0016] Determine whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than the safety limit and less than or equal to the first preset value;

[0017] If so, calculate the second excess value between the maximum thickness difference and the safety limit, and allocate the second excess value to the target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint to be constructed at different locations within the wall surface to update the parameter sequence.

[0018] Preferably, the parameter sequence is traversed, and the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness of each mortar joint to be constructed at different locations within the wall surface is calculated to determine the maximum thickness difference. Specifically, this includes:

[0019] For each mortar joint to be constructed in the parameter sequence, obtain the target thickness of the mortar joint at at least two different locations within the wall surface;

[0020] Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness at each location;

[0021] Take the maximum absolute value of the difference among all locations as the maximum thickness difference of the corresponding mortar joint.

[0022] Preferably, spatial linear regression analysis is performed on the error vector set to obtain slope parameters characterizing the overall tilt direction of the wall, specifically including:

[0023] Extract the projection component data of each vector in the error vector set in the direction perpendicular to the design wall surface;

[0024] Using the height coordinates of the masonry as the independent variable and the projected component data as the dependent variable, a least squares linear fit was performed.

[0025] The slope value of the fitted straight line is used as the slope parameter to characterize the overall tilt direction of the wall, where the sign of the slope value is used to characterize the tilt direction.

[0026] Preferably, the parameter sequence is generated through reverse computation, specifically including:

[0027] An objective function is established with the goal of minimizing the cumulative error of the predicted finished surface at the top of the wall to near zero.

[0028] The boundary conditions are the slope parameter and the geometric and material constraints of the unconstructed portion of the wall.

[0029] The target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint at multiple locations within the wall surface is used as an optimization variable to solve for the parameter sequence.

[0030] Preferably, the building information model of the target wall to be constructed is modified by reconstructing the thickness and number of layers of subsequent masonry based on the first excess value, specifically including:

[0031] The total wall height and main axis in the original building information model are used as invariable constraints;

[0032] Based on the first excess value, recalculate the required masonry thickness and number of layers for the subsequent construction section, and generate new theoretical spatial coordinates of the masonry and theoretical thickness of the mortar joints;

[0033] The new theoretical spatial coordinates of the masonry and the theoretical thickness of the mortar joints are used to replace the corresponding theoretical spatial coordinates of the masonry and the theoretical thickness of the mortar joints in the original BIM data, thus forming a revised building information model.

[0034] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0035] Based on the final determined parameter sequence or the revised building information model, generate visual masonry guidance data for the next construction unit;

[0036] Visualized masonry guidance data is sent to the on-site terminal for display.

[0037] Preferably, the construction of the current construction unit is guided by BIM data, and the actual spatial coordinates of the masonry already constructed are obtained, specifically including:

[0038] Control the 3D scanning equipment deployed at the construction site to collect point cloud data of the current wall surface;

[0039] The point cloud data is denoised and registered to extract the coordinates of feature points on each masonry surface.

[0040] Based on the coordinates of the feature points, the actual spatial center coordinates of each masonry structure are calculated using fitting, thus forming the actual spatial coordinates.

[0041] An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing computer-executable instructions and the processor executing the computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method.

[0042] A computer storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0044] This invention replaces manual fuzzy experience-based judgment with quantitative indicators such as slope parameters, predicted cumulative error values, and thickness differences, making construction instructions precise and executable. It generates a parameter sequence through reverse calculation, and based on wall mechanics and geometric models, calculates the optimal mortar joint thickness distribution scheme that precisely offsets the predicted tilt. Pre-construction guidance is provided before each construction unit, allowing workers to follow the instructions for masonry work. Closed-loop feedback based on real-time construction data dynamically updates the correction parameter sequence, minimizing construction errors and effectively improving construction quality. Through precise prediction and tiered adjustment mechanisms, it effectively avoids the need to rebuild walls due to unevenness after completion. A gradual correction path, compensating by optimizing the mortar joint thickness gradient, increases material costs almost entirely, only altering the mortar distribution. Only when fine-tuning is not feasible is the BIM model reconstructed to adjust the masonry layout. This planned adjustment during construction is far less destructive and costly than rework after completion, maximizing the protection of completed work and effectively controlling costs. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts. Wherein:

[0046] Figure 1 is a diagram showing the construction method steps of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0049] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a construction method for building masonry based on BIM technology includes the following steps:

[0050] Obtain the BIM data of the building information model of the target wall. The BIM data includes the theoretical spatial coordinates of each masonry element and the theoretical thickness of all mortar joints.

[0051] Specifically, the target wall refers to the specific wall that needs to be built in this construction task, which must first be accurately located and selected in the overall building BIM model.

[0052] BIM data originates from the specialized BIM model of the masonry structure completed in the early design phase. This model is a three-dimensional digital model built by designers using BIM modeling software, combining architectural construction drawings, structural construction drawings, masonry material properties, and construction specifications. It contains comprehensive design information of the wall, from macroscopic dimensions to microscopic components. According to relevant standards for building information modeling applications, the masonry structure BIM model must accurately represent the actual dimensions, positions, and orientations of the components, and the geometric detail of the elements should reach 30mm or more to ensure that the extracted coordinates, thickness, and other data meet the construction accuracy requirements. The BIM data of the target wall can be viewed in real time by directly retrieving it from the building information model (BIM model).

[0053] Furthermore, based on the retrieved BIM data of the target wall, the theoretical spatial coordinates of each masonry element and the theoretical thickness of all mortar joints are obtained:

[0054] The theoretical spatial coordinates of each masonry piece refer to the design target position of each masonry piece to be built in the architectural coordinate system. They are usually represented by three-dimensional coordinates and are used to guide the precise placement of the masonry pieces.

[0055] Theoretical thickness of mortar joints: Mortar joints are the gaps between masonry structures filled with mortar. Their theoretical thickness refers to the standard thickness of the mortar layer determined during the design phase based on construction specifications, masonry material characteristics, and wall mechanical performance requirements. It is a key parameter to ensure the integrity, stability, and dimensional accuracy of the wall.

[0056] Based on BIM data, guide the masonry construction of the current construction unit and obtain the actual spatial coordinates of the masonry already constructed;

[0057] Specifically, the current construction unit refers to a masonry construction section divided into segments, layers, or areas according to the construction organization design, such as a section of a wall on a certain axis or a masonry section within a certain height range.

[0058] First, the theoretical spatial coordinates of each masonry block and the theoretical thickness of each mortar joint are extracted from the BIM model for the current construction unit. Then, these data are transformed into visual guidance information that can be directly recognized by on-site workers, such as 3D model screenshots, construction layout diagrams with coordinate annotations, and masonry arrangement simulation animations. If necessary, they can be exported to on-site mobile terminals for real-time viewing during the construction process, thereby guiding the masonry construction of the current construction unit.

[0059] Furthermore, using the theoretical coordinates of the masonry in the BIM data and the unified architectural coordinate system as a benchmark, professional surveying equipment, such as total stations, laser levels, and GPS positioning devices, is used to lay out the lines on the construction site, marking out the axis lines, edge lines, masonry positioning lines, and mortar joint control lines of the walls. The laying out process must be strictly linked to the benchmark origin in the previous BIM data to ensure that the coordinates of the on-site laying out are completely consistent with the coordinates of the BIM model, providing a clear position benchmark for the placement of each masonry piece and avoiding positional deviations caused by "laying bricks based on experience" from the source.

[0060] Furthermore, construction workers construct masonry for the current construction unit based on visual guidance information and on-site layout results. After construction is completed, a 3D scanning device deployed on the construction site performs a comprehensive scan of the constructed wall surface. The scanner acquires the spatial location information of each point on the wall surface by emitting laser beams, forming 3D point cloud data. This point cloud data directly reflects the actual shape and position of the masonry surface. The collected point cloud data is then imported into professional data processing software, such as Cyclone or CloudCompare, and processed as follows:

[0061] Noise reduction: Remove noise points from point cloud data, such as dust in the air, construction debris, and outliers caused by scanning errors, to ensure the purity of the data.

[0062] Coordinate registration: The point cloud data of multiple sites are integrated based on the control points set up in the early stage and unified into the unified architectural coordinate system to form a complete point cloud model of the construction unit wall.

[0063] Feature extraction and coordinate fitting: Key feature points, such as corner points, edge points and center points, are extracted from the processed point cloud data. The actual spatial coordinates of each masonry block are calculated by fitting the coordinates of the feature points, and finally a set of actual spatial coordinates of the masonry blocks is formed.

[0064] Calculate the difference between the theoretical and actual spatial coordinates of each masonry element after the current construction unit is completed, and obtain the error vector set;

[0065] Specifically, the error vector is a three-dimensional vector for each piece of masonry, with its theoretical spatial coordinates as the starting point and its actual spatial coordinates as the ending point. It can completely characterize the offset state of the masonry. The magnitude of the error vector corresponds to the straight-line distance between the theoretical spatial coordinates and the actual spatial coordinates, and is used to reflect the degree of offset of the masonry. The direction of the error vector corresponds to the spatial orientation from the theoretical spatial coordinates to the actual spatial coordinates, and is used to reflect the specific direction of gas offset.

[0066] Error vector set: refers to the set of error vectors of all masonry elements completed in the current construction unit. The specific steps are as follows:

[0067] First, extract the theoretical spatial coordinates of each masonry block within the current construction unit from the BIM data acquired in the early stages. This generates a theoretical coordinate list, from which the actual spatial coordinates of the corresponding masonry are extracted from the collected point cloud data. This forms a list of actual coordinates.

[0068] Furthermore, for the same masonry structure, the error vector is calculated using the three-dimensional vector difference formula between the theoretical and actual spatial coordinates. The core calculation formula is:

[0069] Error vector = Actual spatial coordinates - Theoretical spatial coordinates;

[0070] Decomposed into three axial components: , , ;

[0071] The sign of the component values ​​can be further refined to specify the offset direction, for example... A positive value indicates that the masonry is in Offset in the positive direction of the axis A negative value indicates that the masonry is in Offset in the negative direction of the axis.

[0072] The error vectors of all individual masonry blocks within the current construction unit are summarized and organized to form a structured error vector set. This error vector set is the direct data source for spatial linear regression analysis. By analyzing all vectors in the set, the overall tilting trend of the wall can be extracted from a large number of local deviations, such as the overall tilting in a certain direction. The error vector of an individual masonry block can be used as a basis for judging the local construction quality. If the error vector of a certain masonry block exceeds the local allowable deviation, local rectification can be triggered in time to avoid the cumulative expansion of deviations.

[0073] Spatial linear regression analysis was performed on the error vector set to obtain the slope parameter characterizing the overall tilt direction of the wall;

[0074] Specifically, the slope parameter is the slope of the straight line obtained through spatial linear regression analysis. It reflects the rate of change of wall deviation with vertical height. The sign of the slope directly represents the overall tilt direction of the wall. For example, if the direction perpendicular to the designed wall surface is taken as positive, a positive slope means that as the wall height increases, the deviation gradually accumulates towards the outside of the wall, and the wall tilts outward as a whole. A negative slope means that the deviation gradually accumulates towards the inside of the wall, and the wall tilts inward as a whole. The absolute value of the slope represents the degree of tilt of the wall. The larger the absolute value, the faster the rate of deviation accumulation per unit height and the more severe the wall tilt. The smaller the absolute value, the gentler the tilt trend and the slower the deviation accumulation.

[0075] Furthermore, in masonry construction, deviations in individual bricks can be random, such as slight misalignment of a single brick or uneven mortar distribution leading to localized shifts. They can also be systematic, such as the overall tilt of the wall causing a regular deviation. Spatial linear regression analysis, based on statistical methods, fits a trend line to the discrete error data, filtering out random deviations and highlighting the overall tilt trend of the system. Wall tilt typically exhibits a linear pattern where deviations accumulate gradually with height; for example, with each layer of masonry, the wall shifts a fixed amount in a certain direction. Therefore, linear regression analysis can accurately fit this pattern. The slope of the fitted line precisely characterizes the rate of change of deviation with height, and the sign of the slope directly corresponds to the tilt direction, as detailed below:

[0076] First, extract the projection component data of each error vector in the direction perpendicular to the designed wall surface from the error vector set. Since the flatness and verticality of a wall are affected by deviations perpendicular to the wall surface, extracting this component can eliminate the interference of random deviations parallel to the wall surface. For example, the error vector of a masonry structure contains [various components] in three-dimensional space. , , The three components, if perpendicular to the wall direction are In the axial direction, only the error vector is extracted. Axis component as ,neglect shaft and The interference components of the axis ensure that all error vectors are projected along the same reference direction, avoiding data distortion caused by inconsistent projection directions.

[0077] Furthermore, the independent and dependent variables of the regression analysis are clearly defined, and a linear relationship model is constructed:

[0078] Independent variable: Vertical height coordinates of each masonry block. This is because wall tilt deviation usually accumulates with increasing height, and height is the core driving factor for deviation changes;

[0079] Dependent variable: The error projection component perpendicular to the design wall surface. This variable directly reflects the magnitude of the deviation affecting the flatness of the wall. By setting the variable, the complex three-dimensional deviation problem is transformed into a two-dimensional linear analysis problem of height and core deviation, which simplifies the fitting difficulty while ensuring the accuracy of the results.

[0080] Linear model: Assumes that the dependent and independent variables satisfy a linear relationship. ;

[0081] in, Let be the slope parameter to be determined. The intercept characterizes the initial deviation of the bottom starting position. If the bottom masonry is accurate, Approaching 0.

[0082] Furthermore, all pairs Substituting the data sets into a linear model, the least squares method is used to perform a linear fit on the discrete data of the independent and dependent variables, minimizing the sum of squared deviations of the fitted line from all data points. This ensures that the fitting result best reflects the true trend of deviation changes. The slope in the linear model can then be calculated using this method. and intercept The optimal solution.

[0083] Furthermore, the slope of the fitted line... The slope parameter, used to characterize the overall tilt direction of the wall, is also recorded. To ensure the reliability of the results, the correlation of the fitted line needs to be verified, for example, by using the correlation coefficient. judge, The closer the value is to 1, the stronger the linear relationship of the data and the more reliable the fitting result. If the correlation is poor, the error vector data needs to be rechecked, and if necessary, the measured data should be added before refitting.

[0084] Furthermore, by using spatial linear regression analysis, discrete error points are transformed into a precise diagnosis of the overall spatial posture of the wall and cumulative errors are predicted. This enables early prediction of quality risks and solves the problem of traditional methods that rely on worker experience and post-event inspections, where errors accumulate by the time problems are discovered, resulting in high rectification costs and poor effectiveness. This transforms construction from passive acceptance to proactive prediction and control, effectively improving construction quality.

[0085] Based on the slope parameter and the height of the unconstructed part of the wall, the predicted cumulative error value when the wall is completed is calculated, and it is determined whether the predicted cumulative error value exceeds the flatness tolerance threshold.

[0086] Specifically, the predicted cumulative error value refers to the total deviation value in the direction perpendicular to the designed wall surface when the entire wall is completed, based on the tilt trend of the currently constructed part, i.e., the slope parameter. This value is a prediction of the final construction quality of the wall and includes two parts: one is the deviation that has already occurred in the currently constructed part, and the other is the deviation that will be added to the unconstructed part according to the current tilt trend.

[0087] Height of the unconstructed portion of the wall: refers to the remaining vertical height of the target wall to be built after the completion of the current construction unit. This refers to the difference between the total height of the target wall extracted from the BIM model and the height already constructed.

[0088] Flatness tolerance threshold: refers to the maximum allowable deviation in verticality and flatness after the wall is completed. It is the standard for judging the cumulative error of prediction. It is dynamically determined according to the construction quality acceptance specifications of the project to which the target wall belongs. The flatness tolerance threshold needs to be combined with parameters such as the total height of the wall and the type of masonry to extract the corresponding allowable value from the specifications.

[0089] The steps for calculating the cumulative prediction error are as follows:

[0090] Calculate the deviation increment for the unconstructed portion: based on the slope parameters obtained from the previous step. Height of unconstructed parts Calculate the incremental deviation that the unconstructed portion will generate based on the current tilt trend. slope parameter The physical meaning of deviation is the cumulative rate of deviation per unit height. Therefore, the deviation increment = deviation rate per unit height × unconstructed height, and the calculation formula is: The sign of the deviation increment is consistent with the slope parameter; that is, when the slope is positive, the deviation increment is also positive, and when the slope is negative, the deviation increment is also negative, ensuring consistency of direction.

[0091] Furthermore, the predicted cumulative error value upon completion of the composite wall: The predicted cumulative error value is the initial deviation of the currently constructed portion. Deviation increment from unconstructed parts The superposition of, where the initial deviation The intercept can be extracted from the fitted model of spatial linear regression analysis. yes The deviation at the starting position of the bottom of the wall, while the highest height of the currently constructed section is... Therefore, the deviation value of the top of the constructed part The final synthesis formula is:

[0092] ;

[0093] in, Let be the total height of the wall. This derivation shows that the predicted cumulative error value is essentially calculated by directly calculating the deviation value at the top of the wall through the fitting model.

[0094] Furthermore, the calculated cumulative error value is compared with the preset flatness tolerance threshold:

[0095] If the predicted cumulative error value is less than or equal to the flatness tolerance threshold, it means that if the construction is carried out according to the current tilt trend, the deviation of the wall when it is completed is within the allowable range of the specification. There is no need to start the correction measures, and the masonry of the next construction unit can continue to be guided by the original BIM data.

[0096] If the predicted cumulative error value is greater than the flatness tolerance threshold, it means that construction according to the current trend will lead to excessive deviation in the final result. The subsequent correction process should be started immediately to ensure that the final deviation is controlled within the threshold.

[0097] Based on the slope parameter and the predicted cumulative error value, a parameter sequence is generated through reverse calculation. The parameter sequence is used to determine the target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint at different positions within the wall surface, so as to correct the tilt direction by constructing mortar joints with thickness gradients.

[0098] Specifically, reverse calculation refers to the process of calculating the mortar joint thickness parameters that need to be adjusted for the unconstructed parts, with the goal of offsetting the cumulative error of the prediction and making the deviation of the completed wall approach zero. It is different from the forward calculation of deviation, which derives the deviation from the construction data. Reverse calculation starts with the correction target and reverses the construction adjustment amount.

[0099] Parameter sequence: refers to the structured data set used to guide subsequent construction, that is, the target thickness of each mortar joint to be constructed at different positions within the wall surface. Different positions within the wall surface usually refer to the two sides or multiple evenly distributed points of the mortar joint, such as the exterior wall side and the interior wall side, to ensure the accurate layout of the mortar joint thickness gradient.

[0100] Gradient mortar joints: These refer to mortar joints with different target thicknesses at different locations within the wall surface, forming a continuous or gradual thickness difference. Through the difference in mortar layer thickness, the tilt direction of the wall is slowly corrected during the masonry process. For example, when the wall is tilted outward as a whole, the thickness of the inner side of the subsequent mortar joint is made slightly greater than that of the outer side, so that the masonry gradually shifts inward during the masonry process, eventually offsetting the original tilt trend.

[0101] Furthermore, the essence of wall tilting is that the offset of each layer of masonry accumulates with height. As the connecting layer between masonry blocks, the thickness of the mortar joint can directly adjust the placement of individual masonry blocks. When the thickness of the mortar joint increases on one side, the corresponding masonry block on that side will shift upward or outward by the same amount.

[0102] The core principle of reverse calculation is to use the gradient adjustment of the mortar joint thickness to generate an offset that is opposite to the original tilt trend, thereby gradually offsetting the cumulative prediction error, as follows:

[0103] First, with the goal of making the predicted cumulative error value of the finished surface at the top of the wall approach zero, the total correction amount generated by the unconstructed part is made exactly equal to the predicted cumulative error value by adjusting the mortar joint thickness. The slope parameter and the geometric constraints of the unconstructed part of the wall, that is, the total height of the wall and the axial position cannot be changed, are used to avoid the wall size exceeding the standard and material constraints caused by the correction. The mortar joint thickness adjustment range is the boundary and must comply with the specifications. For example, the mortar joint thickness of ordinary brick masonry still needs to be within 8-12mm to avoid the bonding force being affected by too thin or the strength being reduced by too thick, so as to ensure the feasibility of the solution results.

[0104] Furthermore, the target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint at different locations within the wall surface is set as an optimization variable. For example, for the first... A horizontal mortar joint, with a target thickness on its inner side of [value missing]. The outer target thickness is Then the thickness gradient is Based on the optimization objective and constraints, a planning model is established. The core equation of the model is that the total correction amount generated by the thickness gradient of all mortar joints = the cumulative prediction error value to be offset. The core inequality is that the target thickness of the mortar joint at each location ∈ [the minimum standard value and the maximum standard value].

[0105] Furthermore, numerical solution methods, such as linear programming solvers and gradient descent, are used to solve the established planning model. During the solution process, priority is given to ensuring that the total correction amount meets the target, and then ensuring that the thickness of each mortar joint meets the specifications. The target thickness of each mortar joint to be constructed at different locations is obtained. All the target thicknesses of the mortar joints obtained are structured according to the construction sequence and the location of the mortar joints to form a parameter sequence. The parameter sequence is usually presented in tabular form, including information such as mortar joint number, construction level, inner target thickness, outer target thickness, thickness gradient value, and corresponding correction amount, to ensure that on-site construction personnel can execute the work accurately according to the number and location.

[0106] Traverse the parameter sequence, calculate the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness of each mortar joint to be constructed at different positions within the wall surface, determine the maximum thickness difference, and judge whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than the first preset value.

[0107] Specifically, the maximum thickness difference is calculated by traversing the parameter sequence and calculating the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness of each mortar joint to be constructed at different positions within the wall surface. The sign of the difference indicates whether the mortar joint thickness is increased or decreased at the corresponding position. The maximum thickness difference is taken as the maximum absolute value among all the differences in the same mortar joint. This value directly reflects whether the adjustment range exceeds the safe range. If the adjustment range is too large, it will lead to uneven stress on the mortar layer of the mortar joint, reducing the integrity and compressive strength of the wall. For example, if the absolute values ​​of the thickness differences of the mortar joints to be constructed in a certain construction unit are 2mm, 1mm, 3mm, and 2.5mm, then the maximum thickness difference is 3mm.

[0108] The first preset value refers to the maximum allowable difference in mortar joint thickness based on the characteristics of masonry materials, construction specifications, and structural safety requirements. This value is usually less than the specification limit range for mortar joint thickness. For example, the specification range for mortar joint thickness in ordinary brick masonry is 8-12mm, and the first preset value can be set to 3mm, that is, the absolute value of the thickness difference does not exceed 3mm. This ensures that the mortar bonding force and mechanical properties of the wall can still be guaranteed after the mortar joint is adjusted, and avoids structural hazards caused by excessively thick or thin mortar joints in some areas.

[0109] Furthermore, the maximum thickness difference is compared with a first preset value to determine whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than the first preset value:

[0110] If the maximum thickness difference is less than or equal to the first preset value, it means that the adjustment range of all mortar joints in the parameter sequence is within the safe allowable range, and the correction scheme is feasible. At this time, there is no need to adjust the parameter sequence. The parameter sequence can be directly used as the guide for subsequent construction to control the actual laying thickness of each mortar joint.

[0111] If the maximum thickness difference is greater than the first preset value, it means that the adjustment range of some mortar joints exceeds the safe range. If construction is carried out directly according to this parameter sequence, it will lead to insufficient adhesion of the mortar layer or uneven stress, causing potential safety hazards to the wall structure.

[0112] If so, calculate the first excess value between the maximum thickness difference and the first preset value, and reconstruct the thickness and number of layers of subsequent masonry based on the first excess value to correct the building information model of the target wall to be constructed.

[0113] Specifically, when the maximum thickness difference exceeds the first preset value, the difference between the maximum thickness difference and the first preset value is calculated, which is the first excess value. The reconstruction process must strictly follow the following immutable constraints to ensure that the overall design dimensions and functions of the wall are not affected:

[0114] First, the total height of the wall remains unchanged to avoid the top elevation of the wall exceeding the standard due to reconstruction, which would affect the connection with the upper structure;

[0115] Second, the main axis of the wall remains unchanged to ensure that the position of the wall conforms to the overall layout of the building and does not conflict with components such as doors, windows, beams and columns;

[0116] Based on the first excess value and constraints, the masonry parameters for the subsequent construction section are recalculated, and the thickness of individual masonry blocks is appropriately adjusted. For example, the standard 240mm thick masonry is adjusted to 241mm. The increase in masonry thickness offsets part of the deviation that needs to be adjusted through mortar joints. The number of masonry layers is redistributed to ensure that the total height of the masonry after adjustment is still consistent with the original design, avoiding deviation in total height. Thus, the mortar joint adjustment amount that exceeds the safe range is transformed into a small adjustment of the masonry thickness, so that the subsequent mortar joint adjustment amount returns to within the first preset value.

[0117] Furthermore, the reconstructed masonry thickness and number of layers, along with the corresponding theoretical mortar joint thickness, are used to replace the data of the part to be constructed in the original BIM model, forming a corrected BIM model. Based on the corrected BIM model, a new sequence of target mortar joint thickness parameters that meets safety requirements is generated to guide subsequent construction.

[0118] The aforementioned technology replaces manual fuzzy experience-based judgment with quantitative indicators such as slope parameters, predicted cumulative error values, and thickness differences, making construction instructions precise and executable. It generates a parameter sequence through reverse calculation, and based on wall mechanics and geometric models, calculates the optimal mortar joint thickness distribution scheme that precisely offsets the predicted tilt. This provides pre-construction guidance for each construction unit, enabling workers to follow the instructions. Furthermore, it allows for closed-loop feedback based on real-time construction data, dynamically updating the correction parameter sequence to minimize construction errors and effectively improve construction quality. Through precise prediction and graded adjustment mechanisms, it effectively avoids the need to rebuild walls due to unevenness after completion. A gradual correction path, using optimized mortar joint thickness gradients for compensation, increases material costs almost entirely, only altering mortar distribution. Only when fine-tuning is not feasible is the BIM model reconstructed to adjust the masonry layout. This planned adjustment during construction is far less destructive and costly than rework after completion, maximizing the protection of completed work and effectively controlling costs.

[0119] Before determining whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than the first preset value, the process also includes:

[0120] Determine whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than the safety limit and less than or equal to the first preset value;

[0121] If so, calculate the second excess value between the maximum thickness difference and the safety limit, and allocate the second excess value to the target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint to be constructed at different locations within the wall surface to update the parameter sequence.

[0122] Specifically, the safety limit refers to the basic safety threshold for adjusting the thickness of the mortar joint. It is the minimum requirement to ensure the bonding strength of the mortar joint and the basic mechanical properties of the wall. It is usually determined based on the characteristics of the masonry material and the construction specifications. For example, the safety limit for ordinary brick masonry can be set at 1mm, that is, no additional adjustment is needed when the absolute value of the thickness difference does not exceed 1mm, and attention is required if it exceeds 1mm.

[0123] Furthermore, after determining the maximum thickness difference, the maximum thickness difference is compared with the safety limit and the first preset value in different levels, and processed in three levels according to the comparison results, as follows:

[0124] Level 1 judgment: If the maximum thickness difference is less than or equal to the safety limit, it means that the adjustment range of all mortar joints in the parameter sequence is extremely small and within the safe range that does not require additional intervention. It will not affect the mechanical properties of the wall. At this time, there is no need to adjust the parameter sequence. The parameter sequence can be directly used as a guide for subsequent construction to control the actual laying thickness of each mortar joint.

[0125] Second-level judgment: If the maximum thickness difference is greater than the safety limit and less than or equal to the first preset value, it indicates that the mortar joint adjustment range is within the overall safety allowable range, but exceeds the basic safety threshold. If construction is carried out directly according to the current parameter sequence, it may lead to uneven stress on local mortar joints. In this case, it is necessary to first calculate the second excess value, and then reasonably distribute it to each subsequent mortar joint to be constructed, update the parameter sequence, and achieve even distribution of the adjustment increment to avoid local concentrated adjustments. The details are as follows:

[0126] Calculate the second excess value: Second excess value = Maximum thickness difference - Safety limit. The second excess value represents the total adjustment increment that needs to be amortized within the safety range. For example, if the safety limit is 1mm, the maximum thickness difference is 2mm, and the first preset value is 3mm, then the second excess value is 1mm.

[0127] Determine the allocation strategy: The allocation principles are as follows:

[0128] Even distribution: Clearly define the distribution range to include all mortar joints to be constructed subsequently, to avoid new deviations caused by adjusting only a few mortar joints;

[0129] Consistent direction: The distribution direction must be consistent with the original thickness gradient direction. For example, if the original gradient is thicker on the inside and thinner on the outside, the distribution should only increase the thickness on the inside or decrease the thickness on the outside without changing the correction direction.

[0130] Adapting to the construction sequence: Determine the apportionment ratio of each mortar joint based on the importance and number of mortar joints. Usually, the apportionment is carried out proportionally or evenly according to the number of mortar joints. For example, if the second excess value is 1mm and there are 10 mortar joints to be constructed, then each mortar joint will be apportioned with an average of 0.1mm.

[0131] Furthermore, according to the allocation strategy, the allocated amount of each mortar joint is superimposed on its original target thickness to generate an updated parameter sequence. After superposition, the target thickness of each mortar joint still needs to meet the constraints that the target thickness ∈ [standard minimum value, standard maximum value] and the maximum thickness difference of the updated mortar joint is less than or equal to the first preset value, so as to avoid local mortar joints exceeding the standard due to allocation. The updated parameter sequence needs to re-label the mortar joint number, location, updated target thickness and allocation amount to ensure that the construction personnel clearly understand the basis for adjustment.

[0132] The following are supplementary calculation examples using ordinary brick masonry as an example:

[0133] Given conditions: The theoretical thickness of mortar joints in ordinary brick masonry is 10mm, and the standard thickness range is 8-12mm;

[0134] Safety limit 1mm, first preset value 3mm;

[0135] There are 10 horizontal mortar joints (numbered 1-10) that have not been constructed. There are no special structures such as door or window openings. An average distribution strategy is adopted.

[0136] Step 1: The maximum thickness difference is calculated to be 2.2mm, which exceeds the safety limit by 1mm but does not exceed the first preset value of 3mm. Therefore, the second excess value is calculated as 2.2mm - 1mm = 1.2mm.

[0137] The number of mortar joints to be allocated is n=10, and the average allocation amount per mortar joint is 1.2mm÷10=0.12mm.

[0138] Step 2: Assuming that in the original parameter sequence, the mortar joint thickness gradient direction is thicker on the inside and thinner on the outside, the original target thickness and thickness difference of some mortar joints are as follows:

[0139] The target thickness of mortar joint 1 is 11.2 mm on the inner side and 9.0 mm on the outer side;

[0140] The target thickness of mortar joint 2 is 11.0 mm on the inner side and 9.2 mm on the outer side;

[0141] The maximum thickness difference of the remaining mortar joints is less than or equal to 1.0 mm, which does not exceed the safety limit.

[0142] Step 3: Since the maximum thickness difference occurs inside mortar joint 1, when allocating the thickness, priority should be given to ensuring that the thickness difference after allocating at this location does not exceed the first preset value, while allocating according to the average amount:

[0143] After the grout joint 1 is spread by 0.12mm on the inner side, the target thickness is updated to 11.2mm + 0.12mm = 11.32mm, and the thickness difference is updated to 11.32mm - 10mm = +1.32mm, which is still less than or equal to the first preset value;

[0144] The thickness difference on the outer side of mortar joint 1 is -1.0mm, which does not exceed the safety limit and does not need to be allocated; the target thickness should be maintained at 9.0mm.

[0145] After the 0.12mm thickness is distributed on the inner side of mortar joint 2, the target thickness is updated to 11.0mm + 0.12mm = 11.12mm, with a thickness difference of +1.12mm;

[0146] The outer side of mortar joint 2 should be maintained at 9.2mm;

[0147] Similarly, 0.12mm is evenly distributed on the inner side of each of the 10 mortar joints, while no distribution is distributed on the outer side, ensuring that the distribution direction is consistent with the original thickness gradient direction.

[0148] Step 4: After the update, the target thickness of all mortar joints is within the standard range of 8-12mm, and the absolute value of the thickness difference is the maximum of 1.32mm, which is the inner side of mortar joint 1. This does not exceed the basic requirements corresponding to the safety limit, nor does it exceed the first preset value. The parameter sequence after allocation is valid.

[0149] Level 3 Judgment: If the maximum thickness difference is greater than the first preset value, it means that the adjustment range of some mortar joints exceeds the safe range. If construction is carried out directly according to this parameter sequence, it will lead to insufficient adhesion of the mortar layer or uneven stress, causing potential safety hazards to the wall structure. At this time, the first excess value needs to be calculated first, and then the BIM model reconstruction process can be started.

[0150] Traverse the parameter sequence, calculate the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness of each mortar joint to be constructed at different locations within the wall surface, and determine the maximum thickness difference, specifically including:

[0151] For each mortar joint to be constructed in the parameter sequence, obtain the target thickness of the mortar joint at at least two different locations within the wall surface;

[0152] Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness at each location;

[0153] Take the maximum absolute value of the difference among all locations as the maximum thickness difference of the corresponding mortar joint.

[0154] Spatial linear regression analysis was performed on the error vector set to obtain slope parameters characterizing the overall tilt direction of the wall, specifically including:

[0155] Extract the projection component data of each vector in the error vector set in the direction perpendicular to the design wall surface;

[0156] Using the height coordinates of the masonry as the independent variable and the projected component data as the dependent variable, a least squares linear fit was performed.

[0157] The slope value of the fitted straight line is used as the slope parameter to characterize the overall tilt direction of the wall, where the sign of the slope value is used to characterize the tilt direction.

[0158] Specifically, the following example calculations demonstrate projection component extraction and least squares fitting using actual construction data:

[0159] Basic settings: The default projection direction is perpendicular to the design wall and extends outwards, corresponding to the architectural coordinate system. In the positive direction of the axis, the theoretical thickness of the mortar joint is 10mm. Five layers of masonry have been constructed, each layer is 200mm high (including the mortar joint). Extract the error vector data of the center of each layer of masonry.

[0160] Projection component extraction: Extracting the error vectors of each masonry layer from the error vector set. Axial component, i.e., the projection component perpendicular to the wall surface. Simultaneously record the vertical height coordinates of the center of each layer of masonry. The paired data is shown in the table below:

[0161] Number of floors and vertical height (m) Error vector X-axis component ( , mm) 10.20.0820.40.1530.60.2240.80.3051.00.38 surface

[0162] Least squares fitting calculation: The fitting model is Substitute into 5 groups Calculate the optimal solution from the data:

[0163] Calculate the basic statistic (n=5):

[0164] ;

[0165] ;

[0166] ;

[0167] ;

[0168] Substitute into the least squares formula to calculate and :

[0169] ;

[0170] ;

[0171] ;

[0172] A value close to 0 indicates that the initial position deviation at the bottom of the wall is extremely small;

[0173] The slope was obtained by fitting. ,intercept Based on the preset projection direction, it is shown that the entire wall tilts outward in a direction perpendicular to the wall surface, and tilts outward by 0.375mm for every 1 meter of height built. The intercept approaches 0, indicating that the bottom of the wall is accurately built with no initial deviation. Further analysis using correlation coefficients is possible. The verification process is as follows:

[0174] Correlation coefficient The core formula used to characterize the degree to which the fitted line interprets actual data points is:

[0175] ;

[0176] in, This is the sum of squared residuals, which is the sum of squared deviations between the fitted values ​​and the actual values;

[0177] This is the total sum of squares of deviations, which is the sum of squares of the deviations between the actual values ​​and the average of the actual values;

[0178] The value range is [0,1], and the closer it is to 1, the stronger the linear correlation.

[0179] Substitute the example data into the calculation:

[0180] calculate (Average value of actual projected components):

[0181] ;

[0182] Calculate the residuals for each data point And the squared residuals, summed to obtain the sum of squared residuals:

[0183] The fitting model is The calculation is as follows, point by point:

[0184] Floor 1 ( ):

[0185] ;

[0186] Residual: ;

[0187] Residual squared: ;

[0188] Number of floors 2 ( ):

[0189] ;

[0190] Residual: ;

[0191] Residual squared: ;

[0192] Number of floors 3 ( ):

[0193] ;

[0194] Residual: ;

[0195] Residual squared: ;

[0196] 4 floors ):

[0197] ;

[0198] Residual: ;

[0199] Residual squared: ;

[0200] Number of floors 5 ):

[0201] ;

[0202] Residual: ;

[0203] Residual squared: ;

[0204] Sum of squared residuals:

[0205] ;

[0206] Calculate each data point And squared, summed to obtain the total sum of squared deviations:

[0207] Floor 1: ,square: ;

[0208] Layer 2: ,square: ;

[0209] Floor 3: ,square: ;

[0210] Floor 4: ,square: ;

[0211] Floor 5: ,square: ;

[0212] Total sum of squared deviations:

[0213] ;

[0214] Substitute into the formula to calculate :

[0215] Rounded to two decimal places, it is 10 ... The value is close to 1, indicating that... and The linear relationship is extremely strong, and the fitting results are reliable.

[0216] The parameter sequence is generated through reverse computation, specifically including:

[0217] An objective function is established with the goal of minimizing the cumulative error of the predicted finished surface at the top of the wall to near zero.

[0218] The boundary conditions are the slope parameter and the geometric and material constraints of the unconstructed portion of the wall.

[0219] The target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint at multiple locations within the wall surface is used as an optimization variable to solve for the parameter sequence.

[0220] Specifically, the objective function quantifies the correction effect. By adjusting the mortar joint thickness, the predicted cumulative error value of the finished surface at the top of the wall approaches zero, meaning that the total correction amount generated by the unconstructed part exactly offsets the original prediction deviation.

[0221] The objective function can be expressed as: ;

[0222] in, This indicates that the minimum value of the expression is to be found. This represents the total amount of correction work required for the unconstructed sections. When the result of the expression for the predicted cumulative error value approaches 0, it indicates that the total correction amount is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the predicted cumulative error, thus achieving the correction target.

[0223] in, ;

[0224] in, Number the mortar joints. This refers to the location inside the mortar joint surface. The influence coefficient of thickness adjustment on the correction amount is determined by the wall structure and masonry type, and is used for horizontal mortar joints in ordinary brick masonry. Typically, the value is set to 1, meaning the thickness adjustment amount corresponds to the correction amount in a 1:1 ratio. The amount of correction for each mortar joint.

[0225] The objective function is transformed into: ;

[0226] For common scenarios such as ordinary brick masonry. Simplified to This intuitively reflects that the sum of all mortar joint thickness adjustments must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the predicted cumulative error.

[0227] Boundary conditions are used to constrain the solution range and prevent the generated parameter sequence from exceeding the requirements of construction feasibility or structural safety. Material and specification constraints: After the mortar joint thickness is adjusted, it must meet the requirements of the "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Masonry Structures" (GB50203-2011), that is, the target thickness must be within the range of [8mm, 12mm] (ordinary brick masonry). If it is aerated concrete block masonry, the range is [15mm, 20mm] (horizontal mortar joint) and [20mm, 25mm] (vertical mortar joint).

[0228] The following calculation example is based on the ordinary brick masonry construction case mentioned earlier:

[0229] slope The wall leans outward;

[0230] The height already constructed is 1.0m, and the height not yet constructed is 3.0m;

[0231] The theoretical thickness of the mortar joint is 10mm, the standard thickness range is 8-12mm, and the first preset value is 3mm.

[0232] Prediction cumulative error value If the flatness tolerance exceeds the threshold of 1.2mm, correction needs to be initiated. The negative sign indicates inward correction;

[0233] The height of each layer of ordinary brick masonry is 200mm (including mortar joints). There are 15 unconstructed layers, corresponding to 15 horizontal mortar joints to be constructed, and there are no special structures.

[0234] The mortar joints to be constructed are numbered 1-15 from bottom to top. The thickness of each mortar joint needs to be controlled on both the inner and outer surfaces.

[0235] The calculation process is as follows:

[0236] Since the 15 mortar joints have no special structure, a strategy of evenly distributing the adjustment amount is adopted, that is, the amount of adjustment for each mortar joint is... For a fixed value, the total correction amount for 15 mortar joints. The gradient of a single mortar joint is -0.1mm, and the negative sign indicates that the inner side is 0.1mm thicker than the outer side;

[0237] With a total height constraint of 300mm, each mortar joint is 20mm.

[0238] Solving the simultaneous equations, we find that the inner target thickness is 9.95 mm and the outer target thickness is 10.05 mm.

[0239] Within the range of [8mm, 12mm], and slightly thinner on the inner side, adjust the gradient of the first 10 mortar joints by -0.2mm, and the gradient of the last 5 mortar joints by 0.1mm. Total gradient: Solving the system of equations again, we find that the inner target thickness of the first 10 traces is 9.9 mm and the outer target thickness is 10.1 mm; the inner target thickness of the last 5 traces is 10.05 mm and the outer target thickness is 9.95 mm, all of which satisfy the constraints.

[0240] The parameters are organized according to the mortar joint number, type, in-surface location, target thickness, adjustment amount, and corresponding correction amount to generate a parameter sequence. This parameter sequence clarifies the precise thickness requirements for different locations of each mortar joint. Construction workers can control the mortar laying thickness sequentially according to the number. Through the gradient superposition of 15 mortar joints, an inward correction of 1.5mm is finally achieved, ensuring that the finished deviation of the top of the wall approaches zero.

[0241] The thickness and number of layers of subsequent masonry are reconstructed based on the first excess value to correct the building information model of the target wall section to be constructed, specifically including:

[0242] The total wall height and main axis in the original building information model are used as invariable constraints;

[0243] Based on the first excess value, recalculate the required masonry thickness and number of layers for the subsequent construction section, and generate new theoretical spatial coordinates of the masonry and theoretical thickness of the mortar joints;

[0244] The new theoretical spatial coordinates of the masonry and the theoretical thickness of the mortar joints are used to replace the corresponding theoretical spatial coordinates of the masonry and the theoretical thickness of the mortar joints in the original BIM data, thus forming a revised building information model.

[0245] The method also includes:

[0246] Based on the final determined parameter sequence or the revised building information model, generate visual masonry guidance data for the next construction unit;

[0247] Visualized masonry guidance data is sent to the on-site terminal for display.

[0248] Specifically, the core basis for generating visual guidance data is divided into two scenarios. If the parameter sequence verification is qualified and the maximum thickness difference does not exceed the first preset value, then the final determined parameter sequence is used as the core data source, and basic information such as the theoretical coordinates of masonry, arrangement, and door and window openings in the previous BIM model are synchronously associated. If model reconstruction is initiated and the maximum thickness difference exceeds the first preset value, then the corrected building information model is used as the core data source, and data such as the reconstructed masonry thickness, number of layers, theoretical thickness of mortar joints, and adjusted parameter sequence are extracted to ensure that the guidance data is completely consistent with the final design requirements.

[0249] Further integration involves generating construction layout diagrams and 3D masonry positioning diagrams with coordinate annotations based on the BIM model. This clarifies the placement position and axis alignment requirements of each masonry block, and marks the positioning control lines for special locations such as door and window openings and corners. Simultaneously, it associates the corresponding mortar joint numbers and positions from the parameter sequence, achieving a one-to-one correspondence between masonry positioning and mortar joint control. Information such as mortar joint numbers, in-plane positions, target thicknesses, and adjustment amounts from the parameter sequence is overlaid onto the masonry arrangement diagram. Different colors are used to mark the mortar joint thickness gradient, such as dark colors for thicker inner areas and light colors for thinner outer areas, along with a thickness control animation to visually demonstrate the mortar thickness requirements and avoid laying deviations caused by abstract parameters. Combined with the masonry arrangement method, a construction sequence guide diagram is generated, marking the construction priority of special structural parts and clarifying precautions related to correction. For example, the first 10 mortar joints require key control of an inner thickness of 9.9mm and an outer thickness of 10.1mm, while the last 5 mortar joints switch to an inner thickness of 10.05mm and an outer thickness of 9.95mm.

[0250] Furthermore, priority should be given to using BIM collaboration platforms, such as Revit collaboration modules or Glodon BIM5D, or professional visualization modeling software to generate outputs, supporting various formats adapted to on-site use:

[0251] Static visualization files include high-definition 3D model screenshots, annotated PDF construction guidance diagrams, and an Excel-formatted parameter-location correspondence table, which can be printed and posted at construction sites.

[0252] Dynamic visualization files: Generate masonry construction simulation animations and mortar joint thickness adjustment demonstration videos to intuitively show the construction process and key points of thickness control;

[0253] Interactive visualization data: Generates lightweight BIM model fragments that can be scaled and rotated on mobile devices, allowing construction personnel to click on any mortar joint to view detailed parameters such as the corresponding target thickness and adjustment amount.

[0254] Based on BIM data, the current construction unit's masonry work is guided, and the actual spatial coordinates of the masonry already constructed are obtained, specifically including:

[0255] Control the 3D scanning equipment deployed at the construction site to collect point cloud data of the current wall surface;

[0256] The point cloud data is denoised and registered to extract the coordinates of feature points on each masonry surface.

[0257] Based on the coordinates of the feature points, the actual spatial center coordinates of each masonry structure are calculated using fitting, thus forming the actual spatial coordinates.

[0258] An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory for storing computer-executable instructions, and the processor for executing the computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method described above.

[0259] Specifically, a processor can be a central processing unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit with data processing or instruction execution capabilities, and can control other components in an electronic device to perform desired functions.

[0260] The memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or cache memory, etc., while non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0261] A computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above method.

[0262] Specifically, when executed by a processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to perform the steps described in the exemplary method section above.

[0263] Computer storage media can be any combination of one or more readable media. The readable media can be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium can be, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or any combination thereof.

[0264] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for building masonry based on BIM technology, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The process involves acquiring BIM data of the target wall's building information model, including the theoretical spatial coordinates of each masonry element and the theoretical thickness of all mortar joints; using the BIM data to guide the construction of the current construction unit and acquiring the actual spatial coordinates of the already constructed masonry elements; calculating the difference between the theoretical and actual spatial coordinates of each completed masonry element in the current construction unit to obtain an error vector set; performing spatial linear regression analysis on the error vector set to obtain a slope parameter characterizing the overall tilt direction of the wall; and calculating the predicted cumulative error value at completion of the wall based on the slope parameter and the height of the unconstructed portion of the wall, determining whether the predicted cumulative error value exceeds the flatness tolerance. If the difference threshold is met, then based on the slope parameter and the predicted cumulative error value, a parameter sequence is generated through reverse calculation. The parameter sequence is used to determine the target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint to be constructed at different positions within the wall surface, so as to correct the tilt direction by constructing mortar joints with thickness gradients. The parameter sequence is traversed, and the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness of each mortar joint to be constructed at different positions within the wall surface is calculated to determine the maximum thickness difference. It is then determined whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than a first preset value. If so, the first excess value between the maximum thickness difference and the first preset value is calculated, and the thickness and number of layers of the subsequent masonry are reconstructed based on the first excess value to correct the building information model of the target wall section to be constructed.

2. The building masonry construction method based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before determining whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than the first preset value, the method further includes: determining whether the maximum thickness difference is greater than the safety limit and less than or equal to the first preset value; if so, calculating the second excess value between the maximum thickness difference and the safety limit, and allocating the second excess value to the target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint to be constructed at different positions within the wall surface, in order to update the parameter sequence.

3. The building masonry construction method based on BIM technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: Traverse the parameter sequence and calculate the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness of each mortar joint to be constructed at different positions within the wall surface to determine the maximum thickness difference. Specifically, this includes: for each mortar joint to be constructed in the parameter sequence, obtaining the target thickness of the mortar joint at at least two different positions within the wall surface; calculating the absolute value of the difference between the target thickness and the theoretical thickness at each position; and taking the maximum value of the absolute value of the difference among all positions as the maximum thickness difference of the corresponding mortar joint.

4. The building masonry construction method based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spatial linear regression analysis is performed on the error vector set to obtain the slope parameter characterizing the overall tilt direction of the wall. Specifically, this includes: extracting the projection component data of each vector in the error vector set in the direction perpendicular to the designed wall surface; performing least squares linear fitting with the height coordinates of the masonry as the independent variable and the projection component data as the dependent variable; and using the slope value of the fitted line as the slope parameter characterizing the overall tilt direction of the wall, where the sign of the slope value is used to characterize the tilt direction.

5. A construction method for building masonry based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameter sequence is generated by reverse calculation, specifically including: establishing an objective function with the prediction cumulative error value of the finished surface at the top of the wall approaching zero as the optimization objective; using the slope parameter and the geometric and material constraints of the unconstructed part of the wall as boundary conditions; and solving for the target thickness of each subsequent mortar joint at multiple locations within the wall surface as optimization variables to obtain the parameter sequence.

6. A construction method for building masonry based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The building information model of the target wall to be constructed is modified by reconstructing the thickness and number of layers of subsequent masonry based on the first excess value. Specifically, this includes: using the total height of the wall and the main axis in the original building information model as immutable constraints; recalculating the required masonry thickness and number of layers for the subsequent construction part based on the first excess value, and generating new theoretical spatial coordinates of the masonry and theoretical thickness of the mortar joints; replacing the theoretical spatial coordinates of the masonry and theoretical thickness of the mortar joints of the corresponding part to be constructed in the original BIM data with the new theoretical spatial coordinates of the masonry and theoretical thickness of the mortar joints to form the modified building information model.

7. A construction method for building masonry based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes: generating visual masonry guidance data for the next construction unit based on the final determined parameter sequence or the corrected building information model; and sending the visual masonry guidance data to the on-site terminal for display.

8. A construction method for building masonry based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on BIM data, the current construction unit is guided to build the masonry and the actual spatial coordinates of the masonry are obtained. Specifically, this includes: controlling the 3D scanning equipment deployed on the construction site to collect the point cloud data of the current wall surface; performing noise reduction and coordinate registration on the point cloud data to extract the coordinates of the feature points on the surface of each masonry; and fitting and calculating the actual spatial center coordinates of each masonry based on the coordinates of the feature points to form the actual spatial coordinates.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that, The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions thereon, characterized in that: When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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