Carbon emission accounting method and device for geothermal energy development and utilization, medium and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a carbon emission accounting method and device for geothermal energy development and utilization, a medium and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of carbon emission. The method comprises the following steps: summing a first sub-carbon emission related to direct emission, a first sub-carbon emission related to indirect emission and a first sub-carbon emission related to value chain emission in an exploration design stage to obtain a first carbon emission in the exploration design stage; summing the second sub-carbon emission related to direct emission, the second sub-carbon emission related to indirect emission and the second sub-carbon emission related to value chain emission in the construction stage to obtain a second carbon emission in the construction stage; and similarly, third carbon emission in the operation maintenance stage and fourth carbon emission in the scrap recovery stage are determined, and the sum of the carbon emission in the whole life cycle of the geothermal energy development and utilization project is obtained by combining the carbon emission in the four stages. The method has the effect of improving the carbon emission accounting accuracy of geothermal energy development and utilization.

Description

Methods, devices, media and electronic equipment for carbon emission accounting in geothermal energy development and utilization Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of carbon emission technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, medium, and electronic equipment for carbon emission accounting in geothermal energy development and utilization. Background Technology

[0002] Geothermal energy development and utilization refers to the entire process of converting the Earth's internal thermal energy (geothermal resources) into usable energy forms (such as electricity and heat) through exploration, drilling, and system construction, and applying it to heating, power generation, industrial production, medical and health care, and other fields. It is an energy development model centered on renewable energy. Carbon emission accounting refers to the entire process of quantifying, statistically analyzing, and reporting the greenhouse gas emissions and removals of a specific entity (enterprise, project, region, etc.) within a certain period of time, according to unified standards, methods, and boundaries. Carbon emission accounting for geothermal energy development and utilization is of great significance because it quantifies the low-carbon attributes of geothermal energy as a renewable energy source, supports industry emission reduction decisions and compliance management, promotes its greater role in energy transition, and provides data support for the green operation of projects throughout their entire life cycle.

[0003] Currently, the common method for carbon emission accounting in geothermal energy development and utilization is to comprehensively calculate the carbon emissions related to direct and indirect emissions during the operation and maintenance phase of a geothermal energy development and utilization project, ultimately completing the carbon emission accounting. However, projects involve many stages and forms of carbon emissions, not only during the operation and maintenance phase, and are not limited to direct and indirect emissions. This method only considers the operation and maintenance phase of the project and the two forms of direct and indirect emissions, resulting in poor accuracy in carbon emission accounting for geothermal energy development and utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve the accuracy of carbon emission accounting for geothermal energy development and utilization, this application provides a method, apparatus, medium, and electronic equipment for carbon emission accounting for geothermal energy development and utilization.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a method for carbon emission accounting in geothermal energy development and utilization, specifically including: obtaining project phase information involved in carbon emission accounting in a geothermal energy development and utilization project, wherein the project phase information includes the exploration and design phase, the construction phase, the operation and maintenance phase, and the decommissioning and recycling phase, wherein the decommissioning and recycling phase is the phase of dismantling and recycling the equipment used in the geothermal energy development and utilization project; summing the first sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the first sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design phase to obtain the first carbon emissions of the exploration and design phase; summing the second sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the second sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the construction phase. The second carbon emission amount related to the chain emission is summed to obtain the second carbon emission amount of the construction phase; the third carbon emission amount related to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions in the operation and maintenance phase is summed to obtain the third carbon emission amount of the operation and maintenance phase; the fourth carbon emission amount related to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions in the end-of-life and recycling phase is summed to obtain the fourth carbon emission amount of the end-of-life and recycling phase; and the first carbon emission amount, the second carbon emission amount, the third carbon emission amount, and the fourth carbon emission amount are summed to obtain the total carbon emission amount of the geothermal energy development and utilization project throughout its entire life cycle.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, four project phases corresponding to the geothermal energy development and utilization project are obtained, facilitating comprehensive carbon accounting for the entire life cycle of the project across these four phases, rather than being limited to carbon accounting only considering the operation and maintenance phase. Next, for each project phase—exploration and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling—the carbon emissions of each emission form (direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions) are determined. Then, the carbon emissions of each emission form are summed to determine the overall carbon emissions of a single project phase, thus considering a more comprehensive range of emission forms and more accurately determining the overall carbon emissions of a single project phase. Finally, the overall carbon emissions of the four project phases are summed to obtain the total carbon emissions of the entire geothermal energy development and utilization project throughout its entire life cycle, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon emission accounting for geothermal energy development and utilization.

[0007] In one embodiment, the step of summing the first sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the first sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design phase to obtain the first carbon emission of the exploration and design phase specifically includes: obtaining the first electricity consumption, the first fuel consumption, and the value chain emission activity of each first material used in the exploration and design phase, and obtaining the electricity emission factor, the fuel emission factor, and the value chain emission factor of each first material; multiplying the first electricity consumption by the electricity emission factor to obtain the first sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions in the exploration and design phase, and multiplying the first fuel consumption by the corresponding fuel emission factor to obtain the first sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions in the exploration and design phase; multiplying the value chain emission activity of each first material by the corresponding value chain emission factor, summing them, and obtaining the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design phase; and summing the first sub-carbon emissions to obtain the first carbon emission of the exploration and design phase.

[0008] In one implementation, the step of summing the second sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the second sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the second sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the construction phase to obtain the second carbon emissions of the construction phase specifically includes: obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each construction stage of the construction phase, and summing the direct carbon emissions of each stage to obtain the second sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions during the construction phase; determining the intermediate emissions of each construction stage based on the second electricity consumption and electricity emission factor in each construction stage. The indirect carbon emissions related to the emission-related stages are calculated, and the indirect carbon emissions of each stage are summed to obtain the second sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions during the construction phase. Based on the value chain emission activities of the second materials used in each construction stage and the corresponding value chain emission factors, the value chain carbon emissions related to the value chain emissions in each construction stage are determined, and the value chain carbon emissions of each stage are summed to obtain the second sub-carbon emissions related to the value chain emissions during the construction phase. Finally, the second sub-carbon emissions are summed to obtain the second carbon emissions for the construction phase.

[0009] In one embodiment, obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each construction stage of the construction phase specifically includes: determining whether fuel is used and whether there is a greenhouse gas emission problem in a single construction stage; if fuel is used and there is a greenhouse gas emission problem, then determining the first direct carbon emission of the construction stage based on the second fuel consumption and the corresponding fuel emission factor, and determining the second direct carbon emission of the construction stage based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted in the construction stage; summing the first direct carbon emission and the second direct carbon emission to obtain the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in the construction stage; if fuel is used but there is no greenhouse gas emission problem, then determining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in the construction stage based on the second fuel consumption and the corresponding fuel emission factor; if there is no fuel use but there is a greenhouse gas emission problem, then determining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in the construction stage based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted in the construction stage.

[0010] In one implementation, the step of summing the third sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the third sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the third sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the operation and maintenance phase to obtain the third carbon emissions of the operation and maintenance phase specifically includes: obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each operation and maintenance task during the operation and maintenance phase, and summing the direct carbon emissions of each task to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions during the operation and maintenance phase; determining the third carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each operation and maintenance task based on the third electricity consumption and electricity emission factor in each operation and maintenance task. The indirect carbon emissions related to indirect emissions are calculated, and the indirect carbon emissions of each of these tasks are summed to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions during the operation and maintenance phase. Based on the value chain emission activity of the third materials used in each of these operation and maintenance tasks and the corresponding value chain emission factors, the value chain carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in each of these operation and maintenance tasks are determined, and the value chain carbon emissions of each of these tasks are summed to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the operation and maintenance phase. Finally, the third carbon emissions of the operation and maintenance phase are summed to obtain the third carbon emissions of the operation and maintenance phase.

[0011] In one embodiment, obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each operation and maintenance task during the operation and maintenance phase specifically includes: obtaining the third fuel consumption in a single operation and maintenance task during the operation and maintenance phase; determining the first sub-item emission amount based on the third fuel consumption and the corresponding fuel emission factor; determining the second sub-item emission amount based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted during the operation and maintenance task; determining the third sub-item emission amount based on the emission amount of at least one refrigerant emitted during the operation and maintenance task and the corresponding refrigerant emission factor; and summing the first sub-item emission amount, the second sub-item emission amount, and the third sub-item emission amount to obtain the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions during the operation and maintenance task.

[0012] In one embodiment, summing the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the end-of-life recycling phase to obtain the fourth carbon emission amount for the end-of-life recycling phase specifically includes: obtaining the fourth electricity consumption, the fourth fuel consumption, and the value chain emission activity amount of the fourth material used in the dismantling and recycling process of the end-of-life recycling phase; determining the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the end-of-life recycling phase based on the fourth electricity consumption, the fourth fuel consumption, and the value chain emission activity amount of the fourth material; and summing each of the fourth sub-carbon emissions to obtain the fourth carbon emission amount for the end-of-life recycling phase.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides a carbon emission accounting device for geothermal energy development and utilization, specifically comprising: an information acquisition module, used to acquire project stage information involved in carbon emission accounting in a geothermal energy development and utilization project, the project stage information including the exploration and design stage, the construction stage, the operation and maintenance stage, and the scrapping and recycling stage, the scrapping and recycling stage being the stage of dismantling and recycling the equipment used in the geothermal energy development and utilization project; a first accounting module, used to sum the first sub-carbon emission amount related to direct emissions, the first sub-carbon emission amount related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emission amount related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design stage to obtain the first carbon emission amount of the exploration and design stage; and a second accounting module, used to sum the second sub-carbon emission amount related to direct emissions and the second sub-carbon emission amount related to indirect emissions in the construction stage. The first carbon emission is calculated by summing the first carbon emission, the second carbon emission, the third carbon emission, and the value chain emission related carbon emission during the construction phase. The second carbon emission is calculated by summing the first carbon emission, the second carbon emission, the third carbon emission, and the value chain emission related carbon emission during the operation and maintenance phase. The third carbon emission is calculated by summing the first carbon emission, the second carbon emission, the third carbon emission, and the fourth carbon emission related carbon emission during the end-of-life phase. The total carbon emissions of the geothermal energy development and utilization project throughout its entire life cycle are then calculated by summing the first carbon emission, the second carbon emission, the third carbon emission, and the fourth carbon emission.

[0014] A third aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when loaded and executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method described in any one of the first aspects.

[0015] A fourth aspect of this application provides an electronic device, specifically comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, the processor being configured to load and execute the computer program stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0016] In summary, this application offers at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: It identifies four project phases corresponding to a geothermal energy development and utilization project, facilitating comprehensive carbon accounting throughout the entire lifecycle of the project across these four phases, rather than limiting carbon accounting to the operation and maintenance phase. Next, for each project phase—exploration and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling—the application determines the carbon emissions for each emission form—direct, indirect, and value chain emissions—and then sums these emissions to determine the overall carbon emissions for a single project phase. This approach considers a more comprehensive range of emission forms and provides a more accurate assessment of the overall carbon emissions for each project phase. Finally, the total carbon emissions for all four project phases are summed to obtain the total carbon emissions for the entire geothermal energy development and utilization project throughout its lifecycle, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon emission accounting for geothermal energy development and utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for calculating carbon emissions from geothermal energy development and utilization provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is a scenario architecture diagram illustrating a method for calculating carbon emissions from geothermal energy development and utilization provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 is a structural diagram illustrating a device for calculating carbon emissions from geothermal energy development and utilization provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 11. Information acquisition module; 12. First accounting module; 13. Second accounting module; 14. Third accounting module; 15. Fourth accounting module. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," or "for instance" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplarily," "for example," or "for instance" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplarily," "for example," or "for instance" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, B existing alone, or A and B existing simultaneously. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the term "multiple" means two or more. For example, multiple systems refer to two or more systems, and multiple screen terminals refer to two or more screen terminals. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and their variations all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1, this application discloses a flowchart of a method for carbon emission accounting in geothermal energy development and utilization. This method can be implemented using a computer program or run on a geothermal energy development and utilization carbon emission accounting device based on the von Neumann architecture. The computer program can be integrated into an application or run as a standalone tool application. Specifically, it includes: S101: Obtaining project stage information involved in carbon emission accounting in a geothermal energy development and utilization project. The project stage information includes the exploration and design stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and decommissioning and recycling stage.

[0023] Specifically, geothermal energy development and utilization refers to the process of converting the geothermal energy resources stored within the Earth into usable energy (such as heat and electricity) through engineering methods such as exploration, drilling, and system construction, and applying it to fields such as heating, cooling, power generation, and industrial production. In this embodiment, the geothermal energy development and utilization project is a completed project (having achieved all predetermined goals throughout its entire life cycle). The exploration and design phase is the core preliminary stage of the entire project life cycle, situated between the "project feasibility study" and "construction." Its core task is to clarify the occurrence conditions of geothermal resources through systematic exploration, and then, in conjunction with the resource conditions and project objectives, complete the detailed design of the technical solution, providing accurate technical basis for subsequent construction and operation. The exploration and design phase includes, but is not limited to, geological surveys, geophysical exploration, and pre-drilling engineering.

[0024] The construction phase is the core execution stage that transforms the technical solutions from the exploration and design phase into physical engineering facilities, falling between "exploration and design" and "trial operation / production". This phase includes various construction processes, including but not limited to drilling, cementing, casing installation, well cleaning, and production capacity testing.

[0025] The operation and maintenance phase is the core stage in the entire project lifecycle for achieving energy output and ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the system. It lies between the completion of construction and acceptance and the decommissioning and dismantling of the project. The core objective is to continuously convert geothermal resources into usable energy. The operation and maintenance phase includes, but is not limited to, various maintenance tasks such as geothermal well operation, well repair and cleaning, and equipment operation in the equipment room. It should be noted that the equipment in the equipment room can be understood as the mechanical equipment such as heat pump units and circulating pumps operating in the equipment room.

[0026] The end-of-life recycling phase is the stage where equipment used in geothermal energy development and utilization projects is dismantled and recycled. It is the final stage of the entire project life cycle, following the operation and maintenance phase. The core objectives are to safely terminate project operation, dispose of facilities and equipment in compliance with regulations, eliminate environmental risks, and restore site functionality.

[0027] Furthermore, the execution entity of the carbon emission accounting method for geothermal energy development and utilization disclosed in this application embodiment is a server. The server is wirelessly connected to the terminal, which is a personal computer or tablet computer. The terminal has a carbon emission accounting-related application installed on it, and the server is the backend server for this application. Specifically, it can be an independent physical server or a cluster of multiple physical servers. One implementation scenario is as follows: When personnel need to perform carbon emission accounting for the entire life cycle of a geothermal energy development and utilization project, they send the project stage information corresponding to the geothermal energy development and utilization project to the server through the application in the terminal, and send an instruction to start the accounting. After obtaining the project stage information, the server performs carbon emission accounting for the entire life cycle of the geothermal energy development and utilization project based on the instruction, focusing on the four stages of exploration and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling, to obtain the total carbon emissions. Finally, this total carbon emissions is sent to the terminal, as shown in Figure 2.

[0028] S102: The first carbon emissions of the exploration and design phase are obtained by summing the first carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the first carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the exploration and design phase.

[0029] Specifically, in this embodiment, carbon emissions from geothermal energy development and utilization projects are categorized into three types based on their emission sources: direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions. Direct emissions refer to greenhouse gas emissions directly generated by emission sources within the project. For example, emissions from fuel-powered equipment or vehicles, geothermal fluid escaping gases, and refrigerant emissions from heat pump units all fall under the category of direct emissions. Indirect emissions refer to greenhouse gas emissions generated from the consumption of purchased energy. While there may be no direct emission sources within the project, the emissions are directly related to the project's energy purchase activities. For example, the electricity consumption of various electrical equipment within the project constitutes indirect emissions. Value chain emissions refer to indirect emissions generated upstream and downstream within the project's value chain. For example, the project uses cement, indicating the existence of value chain emissions, as the emissions generated during the cement production process are related to the project.

[0030] Furthermore, the first sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the total carbon emissions generated by direct emissions during the entire exploration and design phase, the first sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions are determined separately. One feasible method for determining these is as follows: First, obtain the total electricity consumption of all electrical equipment used during the entire exploration and design phase. This can be obtained by storing historical electricity consumption records from the exploration and design phase in a database. These historical records include electricity consumption data for different electrical equipment, which can be obtained through smart meter measurements. Then, obtain the first fuel consumption for the entire exploration and design phase by storing refueling records for fuel equipment and / or fuel vehicles used during the exploration and design phase. This first fuel consumption includes both gasoline and diesel consumption. Additionally, obtain the material consumption (value chain emission activity) of each first material used during this phase by storing material usage records for the entire exploration and design phase. For example, drilling fluid is used during geophysical exploration in the exploration and design phase. The production of drilling fluid involves carbon emissions; therefore, the amount of drilling fluid used represents the value chain emission activity of drilling fluid, where activity refers to the measured physical or engineering quantity that contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. The first fuel consumption is a direct emission activity, while the first electricity consumption is an indirect emission activity.

[0031] Furthermore, the emission factor refers to the coefficient that converts the activity level (activity data) of an emission source into carbon dioxide equivalent. The electricity emission factor is obtained through pre-input via the terminal; it is a core quantitative indicator for measuring the greenhouse gas emissions directly or indirectly generated by a unit of electricity during production. In this embodiment, the electricity emission factor ranges from 0.4 to 0.6 kgCO2e / kWh. Then, the fuel emission factor is determined using the formula EF_fuel = NCV × CC × OF × (44 / 12), where NCV is the net calorific value (e.g., diesel: 42.652 MJ / kg), CC is the carbon content (e.g., diesel: 0.0202 kgC / MJ), and OF is the oxidation rate (default 1). The fuel emission factor includes both gasoline and diesel emission factors. The fuel emission factor is a quantitative indicator for measuring the greenhouse gas or air pollutant emissions generated by a unit mass or volume of fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel) during combustion or throughout its entire life cycle. Furthermore, the value chain emission factors of each primary material were retrieved from the LCA database. For example, the value chain emission factors for ordinary steel are 1.8-2.2 kgCO2e / kg, for cement are 0.6-0.85 kgCO2e / kg, and for HDPE pipes are 1.8-2.5 kgCO2e / kg. The value chain emission factor is a quantitative indicator of greenhouse gas emissions from the material.

[0032] Multiplying the first electricity consumption by the electricity emission factor yields the first sub-carbon emission related to indirect emissions during the exploration and design phase. Then, multiplying the first fuel consumption by the corresponding fuel emission factor yields the first sub-carbon emission related to direct emissions during the exploration and design phase. Further, multiplying the value chain emission activities of each first material by its corresponding value chain emission factor and summing the results yields the first sub-carbon emission related to value chain emissions during the exploration and design phase. Finally, summing the three first sub-carbon emission amounts yields the total first carbon emission amount for the entire exploration and design phase, i.e., the total carbon emissions for the entire phase.

[0033] S103: The second carbon emissions during the construction phase are obtained by summing the second carbon emissions related to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions.

[0034] Specifically, since the construction phase includes multiple construction stages, determining the second sub-carbon emissions directly related to the construction phase involves separately determining the carbon emissions directly related to each construction stage and then summing them to obtain the total carbon emissions directly related to the construction phase. The specific process is as follows: First, it is determined whether fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions exist in a single construction stage. This can be done by obtaining the second fuel consumption for that stage from cached fuel consumption records. If the second fuel consumption is 0, it is determined that there is no fuel consumption in that stage; if the second fuel consumption is not 0, then there is indeed fuel consumption in that stage. The fuel consumption records include fuel consumption data for different construction stages. Second, the greenhouse gas emissions in that stage are determined by using cached greenhouse gas emission records from the construction phase. If the emission amount is 0, it is determined that there is no greenhouse gas emission in that stage; otherwise, if the emission amount is not 0, then there is greenhouse gas emission in that stage. The greenhouse gas emission records include information such as the greenhouse gas emission amounts in different construction stages. It should be noted that the construction phase disturbs the underground gas-bearing strata, disrupting the sealed state of underground gases and causing dissolved and associated greenhouse gases (such as methane and carbon dioxide) in the geothermal fluids to escape. For example, a key construction step during the construction phase is well washing. Well washing is a crucial step after drilling and before formal production commences—it involves injecting specific fluids (clean water, chemical well-washing fluid, compressed air, etc.) into the well and using circulation or impact methods to remove impurities such as rock cuttings, mud cake, and drilling fluid residue adhering to the well wall and filter pipes during drilling. Simultaneously, it clears the fluid channels between the formation and the wellbore, with the ultimate goal of restoring the geothermal well's water production. The well-washing process disrupts the original underground balance through pressure disturbance and fluid circulation, causing greenhouse gases sealed in the formation to escape into the atmosphere with the fluid. Therefore, the well-washing construction step involves the release of greenhouse gases.

[0035] Furthermore, if there is both fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission issues, then the second fuel consumption of the construction phase is multiplied by the corresponding fuel emission factor to obtain the first direct carbon emission of the construction phase. Then, based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted during the construction phase, the second direct carbon emission of the construction phase is obtained. For example, if the greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, then the emission amount of carbon dioxide is multiplied by its corresponding GWP value (taken as 1) to obtain the corresponding direct carbon emission; if the greenhouse gas is methane, then the emission amount of methane is multiplied by its corresponding GWP value (taken as 29.8) to obtain the corresponding direct carbon emission. Then, the direct carbon emission amounts corresponding to the two greenhouse gases are summed to obtain the second direct carbon emission of the construction phase. Finally, the first direct carbon emission and the second direct carbon emission are summed to obtain the direct carbon emission of the construction phase related to direct emissions.

[0036] If fuel consumption exists but there is no greenhouse gas emission issue, then the first direct carbon emission is directly determined as the direct carbon emission related to direct emissions in that construction phase. If fuel consumption does not exist but there is a greenhouse gas emission issue, then the second direct carbon emission is directly determined as the direct carbon emission related to direct emissions in that construction phase. Furthermore, the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each construction phase are summed to obtain the second sub-carbon emission related to direct emissions throughout the entire construction phase.

[0037] The emission factor is a quantitative coefficient that measures the amount of emission of a single type of gas per unit of activity. It is a more detailed form of the greenhouse gas emission factor, and its unit is kg CO2 / m³. 3 Geothermal fluid. In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide emission factor is 0.3 kg CO2 / m³. 3 The methane emission factor for the geothermal fluid is 0.002 kg CO2 / m³. 3 Geothermal fluids. Furthermore, the determination of greenhouse gas emissions is as follows: taking well washing as an example, the volume of geothermal fluid returned during well washing is obtained using a pre-set electromagnetic flowmeter. Then, this volume is multiplied by the carbon dioxide emission factor (GWP) to obtain the carbon dioxide emissions during this construction phase. The GWP value is a relative index measuring the greenhouse effect intensity of different greenhouse gases, used to uniformly convert the emissions of different types of greenhouse gases into carbon dioxide equivalents.

[0038] Furthermore, based on the pre-set electricity consumption records for each construction stage, the second electricity consumption in each construction stage is obtained. This second electricity consumption is multiplied by an electricity emission factor to obtain the indirect carbon emissions of each construction stage, and then summed to obtain the indirect emission-related second sub-carbon emissions for the entire construction stage. Next, based on the pre-recorded material usage list for each construction stage, the value chain emission activity of the second materials used in each construction stage is obtained, and multiplied by the corresponding value chain emission factor to obtain the value chain carbon emissions of each construction stage. This value chain carbon emissions are then summed to obtain the value chain emission-related second sub-carbon emissions for the entire construction stage. Finally, the second sub-carbon emissions corresponding to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions are summed to obtain the total second carbon emissions for the construction stage.

[0039] S104: Summing up the third carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the third carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the third carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the operation and maintenance phase yields the third carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase.

[0040] Specifically, for the third sub-carbon emission related to direct emissions during the operation and maintenance phase, a feasible method for determination is as follows: Based on the pre-recorded fuel usage records (including the usage of different fuels) for individual operation and maintenance work during the operation and maintenance phase, obtain the third fuel consumption in the individual operation and maintenance work, multiply the third fuel consumption by the corresponding fuel emission factor to obtain the first sub-emission amount (the direct carbon emission amount corresponding to the fuel); Based on the pre-recorded greenhouse gas emission records (including the emission amount of different greenhouse gases) for individual operation and maintenance work during the operation and maintenance phase, obtain the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted during the operation and maintenance work, multiply the greenhouse gas emission amount by the corresponding GWP value and sum them to determine the second sub-emission amount (the direct carbon emission amount corresponding to the emitted greenhouse gas). For details, please refer to step S103, which will not be repeated here. For example, the operation and maintenance work such as geothermal well operation, well repair and well washing during the operation and maintenance phase will all involve the emission of greenhouse gases from geothermal fluids. Finally, by pre-recording the refrigerant emission records for each individual maintenance task (including the emission amounts of different refrigerants), the emission amount of at least one refrigerant emitted during the maintenance task is obtained. The emission amounts of each refrigerant are multiplied by their corresponding refrigerant emission factors and summed to obtain the third component emission amount (the direct carbon emissions corresponding to the emitted refrigerant). The refrigerant emission factor is a quantitative coefficient that measures the greenhouse gas emissions per unit mass or volume of refrigerant emitted into the atmosphere during its life cycle (production, use, and recycling), typically expressed in kg CO2eq / kg. For example, in the maintenance task of operating a heat pump unit, refrigerant emission occurs. The emission amount is determined by acquiring the weight of the heat pump unit before and after operation using a pre-set weighing sensor, and then calculating the weight difference before and after operation to determine the refrigerant emission amount. Finally, the emissions of the first, second, and third sub-items are summed to obtain the direct carbon emissions related to the operation and maintenance work. Then, the direct carbon emissions of each operation and maintenance work are summed to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to the direct emissions throughout the entire operation and maintenance phase.

[0041] Furthermore, from the pre-recorded electricity consumption records and material usage records of various operation and maintenance tasks, the value chain emission activities of the third electricity consumption and the third materials used in each operation and maintenance task are obtained. Then, each third electricity consumption is multiplied by the electricity emission factor to obtain the work-related indirect carbon emission of a single operation and maintenance task. The indirect carbon emission of each task is summed to obtain the indirect emission-related third sub-carbon emission in the entire operation and maintenance phase.

[0042] Furthermore, for a single operation and maintenance task, the value chain emission activity amount of at least one third material used and its corresponding value chain emission factor are multiplied and summed to determine the work value chain carbon emissions related to the value chain emissions in that operation and maintenance task. The work value chain carbon emissions of all operation and maintenance tasks are then summed to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to the value chain emissions throughout the entire operation and maintenance phase. Finally, the third sub-carbon emissions corresponding to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions are summed to obtain the total third carbon emissions for the entire operation and maintenance phase.

[0043] S105: Summing the fourth carbon emissions related to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions during the end-of-life and recycling phases yields the fourth carbon emissions during the end-of-life and recycling phases. Summing the first, second, third, and fourth carbon emissions yields the total carbon emissions for the entire lifecycle of the geothermal energy development and utilization project.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, by pre-recording electricity consumption records, material usage records, and fuel usage records during the scrapping and recycling phase, the fourth electricity consumption used in the dismantling and recycling process is obtained, namely, the total electricity consumption data of the electrical equipment used by the mechanical equipment (such as heat pump units) in the geothermal energy development and utilization project; the fourth fuel consumption in the dismantling and recycling process is obtained, namely, the fuel consumption data of the dismantling equipment and vehicles used by the mechanical equipment in the dismantling project; the value chain emission activity amount (material consumption) of the fourth material used in the dismantling and recycling process is obtained. Then, the fourth electricity consumption is multiplied by the electricity emission factor to obtain the fourth sub-carbon emission amount related to indirect emissions; the fourth fuel consumption is multiplied by the corresponding fuel emission factor to obtain the fourth sub-carbon emission amount related to direct emissions; the value chain emission activity amount of the fourth material used is multiplied by the corresponding value chain emission factor to obtain the fourth sub-carbon emission amount related to value chain emissions. Further, the fourth sub-carbon emission amounts corresponding to the three dimensions are summed to obtain the fourth carbon emission amount for the entire scrapping and recycling phase. Finally, the first, second, third, and fourth carbon emissions are summed to obtain the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of the geothermal energy development and utilization project.

[0045] In other embodiments, the total carbon emissions are divided by the total energy supply of the geothermal energy development and utilization project to obtain the actual carbon emission intensity per unit of energy supply. Based on the carbon emission intensity statistical records, multiple historical carbon emission intensities per unit of energy supply are obtained. A clustering algorithm is used to cluster these historical carbon emission intensities, dividing them into multiple intensity ranges. The number of historical carbon emission intensities per unit of energy supply contained in each intensity range is counted. If the number exceeds a preset threshold, the intensity range is determined as the target intensity range, i.e., the intensity range in which the carbon emission intensity per unit of energy supply of historical geothermal energy development projects is likely to fall. At least one target intensity range exists. Next, based on the aforementioned carbon emission intensity statistical records, the types of development projects whose carbon emission intensity per unit of energy supply falls within a single target intensity range are obtained. The frequency of occurrence of each development project type among all development project types is counted. If the frequency exceeds a preset frequency threshold, the development project type is determined as the target project type corresponding to the target intensity range, i.e., the development project type in which the carbon emission intensity per unit of energy supply is likely to fall within the target intensity range. At least one target project type exists.

[0046] Next, the range weight of a single target intensity range is determined. The range weight is the ratio of the number of targets corresponding to a single target intensity range to the sum of the number of targets corresponding to all target intensity ranges. Then, the type weight of each target project type corresponding to the target intensity range is determined. The type weight is the ratio of the frequency of occurrence of a single target project type to the sum of the frequencies of occurrence of all target project types. Further, if a geothermal energy development and utilization project is present among the target project types corresponding to a single target intensity range, then that target intensity range is designated as a key intensity range. The product of the range weight of each key intensity range and the type weight of the corresponding actual project type is calculated. This product represents the probability that the carbon emission intensity per unit of energy supply of the development project of that actual project type falls within the corresponding key intensity range. The largest product is selected from all products. If the actual carbon emission intensity per unit of energy supply falls within the key intensity range corresponding to the largest product, then the verification of the actual carbon emission intensity per unit of energy supply is confirmed to be correct.

[0047] The implementation principle of the carbon emission accounting method for geothermal energy development and utilization in this application embodiment is as follows: First, the four project phases corresponding to the geothermal energy development and utilization project are obtained, facilitating comprehensive carbon accounting for the entire life cycle of the project across these four phases, rather than being limited to the operation and maintenance phase. Next, for each project phase—exploration and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and recycling—the carbon emissions for each emission form (direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions) are determined. Then, the carbon emissions for each emission form are summed to determine the overall carbon emissions for a single project phase, thus considering a more comprehensive range of emission forms and more accurately determining the overall carbon emissions for a single project phase. Finally, the overall carbon emissions for all four project phases are summed to obtain the total carbon emissions for the entire geothermal energy development and utilization project throughout its life cycle, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon emission accounting for geothermal energy development and utilization.

[0048] The following are embodiments of the apparatus described in this application, which can be used to execute the embodiments of the method described in this application. For details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments of this application, please refer to the embodiments of the method described in this application.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 3, which is a structural schematic diagram of the carbon emission accounting device for geothermal energy development and utilization provided in an embodiment of this application. This carbon emission accounting device for geothermal energy development and utilization can be implemented as all or part of a device through software, hardware, or a combination of both. The device includes an information acquisition module 11, a first accounting module 12, a second accounting module 13, a third accounting module 14, and a fourth accounting module 15.

[0050] Information acquisition module 11 is used to acquire project phase information involved in carbon emission accounting in geothermal energy development and utilization projects. Project phase information includes the exploration and design phase, construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and decommissioning and recycling phase. The decommissioning and recycling phase refers to the dismantling and recycling of equipment used in the geothermal energy development and utilization project. First accounting module 12 is used to sum the first sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the first sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design phase to obtain the first carbon emissions of the exploration and design phase. Second accounting module 13 is used to sum the second sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the second sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the construction phase. The first carbon emission is summed to obtain the second carbon emission during the construction phase; the third accounting module 14 is used to sum the third carbon emission related to direct emissions, the third carbon emission related to indirect emissions, and the third carbon emission related to value chain emissions during the operation and maintenance phase to obtain the third carbon emission during the operation and maintenance phase; the fourth accounting module 15 is used to sum the fourth carbon emission related to direct emissions, the fourth carbon emission related to indirect emissions, and the fourth carbon emission related to value chain emissions during the end-of-life and recycling phase to obtain the fourth carbon emission during the end-of-life and recycling phase, and sum the first, second, third, and fourth carbon emissions to obtain the total carbon emissions for the entire life cycle of the geothermal energy development and utilization project.

[0051] Optionally, the first accounting module 12 is specifically used for: obtaining the first electricity consumption, the first fuel consumption, and the value chain emission activities of each first material used in the exploration and design phase, and obtaining the electricity emission factor, the fuel emission factor, and the value chain emission factor of each first material; multiplying the first electricity consumption by the electricity emission factor to obtain the first sub-carbon emission amount related to indirect emissions in the exploration and design phase, and multiplying the first fuel consumption by the corresponding fuel emission factor to obtain the first sub-carbon emission amount related to direct emissions in the exploration and design phase; multiplying the value chain emission activities of each first material by the corresponding value chain emission factor and summing them to obtain the first sub-carbon emission amount related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design phase; and summing the first sub-carbon emission amounts to obtain the first carbon emission amount in the exploration and design phase.

[0052] Optionally, the second accounting module 13 is specifically used for: obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each construction stage during the construction phase, and summing the direct carbon emissions of each stage to obtain the second sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions during the construction phase; determining the indirect carbon emissions related to indirect emissions in each construction stage based on the second electricity consumption and electricity emission factor in each construction stage, and summing the indirect carbon emissions of each stage to obtain the second sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions during the construction phase; determining the value chain carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in each construction stage based on the value chain emission activity of the second materials used in each construction stage and the corresponding value chain emission factor, and summing the value chain carbon emissions of each stage to obtain the second sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the construction phase; and summing the second sub-carbon emissions to obtain the second carbon emissions of the construction phase.

[0053] Optionally, the second accounting module 13 is specifically used for: determining whether there is fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission issues in a single construction phase during the construction stage; if there is fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission issues, then determining the first direct carbon emission of the construction phase based on the second fuel consumption and the corresponding fuel emission factor, and determining the second direct carbon emission of the construction phase based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted during the construction phase; summing the first and second direct carbon emissions to obtain the direct carbon emission of the construction phase related to direct emissions; if there is fuel consumption but no greenhouse gas emission issues, then determining the direct carbon emission of the construction phase related to direct emissions based on the second fuel consumption and the corresponding fuel emission factor; if there is no fuel consumption but greenhouse gas emission issues, then determining the direct carbon emission of the construction phase related to direct emissions based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted during the construction phase.

[0054] Optionally, the third accounting module 14 is specifically used for: obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each operation and maintenance task during the operation and maintenance phase, and summing the direct carbon emissions of each task to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions during the operation and maintenance phase; determining the indirect carbon emissions related to indirect emissions in each operation and maintenance task based on the third electricity consumption and electricity emission factor in each operation and maintenance task, and summing the indirect carbon emissions of each task to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions during the operation and maintenance phase; determining the value chain carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in each operation and maintenance task based on the value chain emission activities of the third materials used in each operation and maintenance task and the corresponding value chain emission factor, and summing the value chain carbon emissions of each task to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the operation and maintenance phase; and summing the third sub-carbon emissions to obtain the third carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase.

[0055] Optionally, the third accounting module 14 is specifically used for: obtaining the third fuel consumption in a single operation and maintenance task during the operation and maintenance phase; determining the first sub-item emission amount based on the third fuel consumption and the corresponding fuel emission factor; determining the second sub-item emission amount based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted during the operation and maintenance task; determining the third sub-item emission amount based on the emission amount of at least one refrigerant emitted during the operation and maintenance task and the corresponding refrigerant emission factor; and summing the first sub-item emission amount, the second sub-item emission amount, and the third sub-item emission amount to obtain the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions during the operation and maintenance task.

[0056] Optionally, the fourth accounting module 15 is specifically used to: obtain the fourth electricity consumption, fourth fuel consumption, and fourth material value chain emission activities used in the dismantling and recycling process during the end-of-life recycling phase; determine the fourth sub-carbon emissions directly related to emissions, the fourth sub-carbon emissions indirectly related to emissions, and the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the end-of-life recycling phase based on the fourth electricity consumption, fourth fuel consumption, and fourth material value chain emission activities; and sum the fourth sub-carbon emissions to obtain the fourth carbon emissions during the end-of-life recycling phase.

[0057] It should be noted that the above-described embodiment of the geothermal energy development and utilization carbon emission accounting device is only illustrated by the division of the functional modules described above when executing the geothermal energy development and utilization carbon emission accounting method. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Furthermore, the geothermal energy development and utilization carbon emission accounting device and the geothermal energy development and utilization carbon emission accounting method embodiment provided above belong to the same concept, and their implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0058] This application also discloses a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements a method for calculating carbon emissions from geothermal energy development and utilization as described in the above embodiments.

[0059] The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable medium. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file, or certain middleware. The computer-readable medium includes any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording media, USB flash drive, portable hard drive, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the computer-readable medium includes, but is not limited to, the above-mentioned components.

[0060] The above-described method for calculating carbon emissions from geothermal energy development and utilization is stored in the computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed on a processor to facilitate the storage and application of the method.

[0061] This application also discloses an electronic device in which a computer program is stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is loaded and executed by a processor, it implements the above-mentioned method for carbon emission accounting in geothermal energy development and utilization.

[0062] The electronic device can be a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or a cloud server, and includes, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. For example, the electronic device may also include input / output devices, network access devices, and buses.

[0063] The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU). Of course, depending on the actual use, it can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc., and this application does not limit it.

[0064] The memory can be an internal storage unit of an electronic device, such as a hard disk or RAM, or an external storage device, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart memory card (SMC), secure digital card (SD), or flash memory card (FC) equipped on the electronic device. Furthermore, the memory can be a combination of an internal storage unit and an external storage device. The memory is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the electronic device. The memory can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output. This application does not limit this.

[0065] In this electronic device, the carbon emission accounting method for geothermal energy development and utilization described in the above embodiment is stored in the memory of the electronic device and loaded and executed on the processor of the electronic device for convenient use.

[0066] The foregoing description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure shall still fall within the scope of this disclosure. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not described in this disclosure. The specification and embodiments are considered exemplary only, and the scope and spirit of this disclosure are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for carbon emission accounting in the development and utilization of geothermal energy, characterized in that, The method includes: acquiring project phase information involved in carbon emission accounting for geothermal energy development and utilization projects, including the exploration and design phase, construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and decommissioning and recycling phase, wherein the decommissioning and recycling phase is the phase of dismantling and recycling equipment used in the geothermal energy development and utilization project; summing the first sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the first sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design phase to obtain the first carbon emissions of the exploration and design phase; and summing the second sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the second sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the second sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the construction phase. The second carbon emission amount during the construction phase is obtained by summing the first, second, third, and fourth carbon emissions. The third carbon emission amount during the operation and maintenance phase is obtained by summing the third carbon emission amount related to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions. The fourth carbon emission amount during the end-of-life and recycling phase is obtained by summing the fourth carbon emission amount related to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions. Finally, the total carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of the geothermal energy development and utilization project are summed.

2. The carbon emission accounting method for geothermal energy development and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of summing the first sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the first sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design phase to obtain the first carbon emission of the exploration and design phase specifically includes: obtaining the first electricity consumption, the first fuel consumption, and the value chain emission activities of each first material used in the exploration and design phase, and obtaining the electricity emission factor, the fuel emission factor, and the value chain emission factor of each first material; multiplying the first electricity consumption by the electricity emission factor to obtain the first sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions in the exploration and design phase, and multiplying the first fuel consumption by the corresponding fuel emission factor to obtain the first sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions in the exploration and design phase; multiplying the value chain emission activities of each first material by the corresponding value chain emission factor, summing them, and obtaining the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design phase; and summing the first sub-carbon emissions to obtain the first carbon emission of the exploration and design phase.

3. The carbon emission accounting method for geothermal energy development and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of summing the second sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the second sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the second sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions during the construction phase to obtain the second carbon emission amount for the construction phase specifically includes: obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each construction stage of the construction phase, and summing the direct carbon emissions of each stage to obtain the second sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions in the construction phase; determining the indirect carbon emissions related to indirect emissions in each construction stage based on the second electricity consumption and electricity emission factor in each construction stage, and summing the indirect carbon emissions of each stage to obtain the second sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions in the construction phase; determining the value chain carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in each construction stage based on the value chain emission activity of the second materials used in each construction stage and the corresponding value chain emission factor, and summing the value chain carbon emissions of each stage to obtain the second sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the construction phase; and summing the second sub-carbon emissions to obtain the second carbon emission amount for the construction phase.

4. The carbon emission accounting method for geothermal energy development and utilization according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each construction stage of the construction phase specifically includes: determining whether there is fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission issues in a single construction stage; if there is fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission issues, then determining the first direct carbon emission of the construction stage based on the second fuel consumption and the corresponding fuel emission factor, and determining the second direct carbon emission of the construction stage based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted in the construction stage; summing the first direct carbon emission and the second direct carbon emission to obtain the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in the construction stage; if there is fuel consumption but no greenhouse gas emission issues, then determining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in the construction stage based on the second fuel consumption and the corresponding fuel emission factor; if there is no fuel consumption but greenhouse gas emission issues, then determining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in the construction stage based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted in the construction stage.

5. The carbon emission accounting method for geothermal energy development and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of summing the third sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions during the operation and maintenance phase to obtain the third carbon emissions of the operation and maintenance phase specifically includes: obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each operation and maintenance task during the operation and maintenance phase, and summing the direct carbon emissions of each task to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions during the operation and maintenance phase; determining the indirect emissions related to direct emissions in each operation and maintenance task based on the third electricity consumption and electricity emission factor in each operation and maintenance task. The indirect carbon emissions of each work are calculated, and the indirect carbon emissions of each work are summed to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions in the operation and maintenance phase. Based on the value chain emission activities of the third materials used in each operation and maintenance work and the corresponding value chain emission factors, the value chain emission-related work value chain carbon emissions of each operation and maintenance work are determined, and the value chain carbon emissions of each work are summed to obtain the third sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the operation and maintenance phase. The third sub-carbon emissions are summed to obtain the third carbon emissions of the operation and maintenance phase.

6. The carbon emission accounting method for geothermal energy development and utilization according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions in each operation and maintenance task during the operation and maintenance phase specifically includes: obtaining the third fuel consumption in a single operation and maintenance task during the operation and maintenance phase; determining the first sub-item emission amount based on the third fuel consumption and the corresponding fuel emission factor; determining the second sub-item emission amount based on the emission amount of at least one greenhouse gas emitted during the operation and maintenance task; determining the third sub-item emission amount based on the emission amount of at least one refrigerant emitted during the operation and maintenance task and the corresponding refrigerant emission factor; and summing the first sub-item emission amount, the second sub-item emission amount, and the third sub-item emission amount to obtain the direct carbon emissions related to direct emissions during the operation and maintenance task.

7. The carbon emission accounting method for geothermal energy development and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of summing the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions during the end-of-life recycling phase to obtain the fourth carbon emission amount for the end-of-life recycling phase specifically includes: obtaining the fourth electricity consumption, fourth fuel consumption, and value chain emission activity amount of the fourth materials used in the dismantling and recycling process during the end-of-life recycling phase; determining the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, indirect emissions, and value chain emissions during the end-of-life recycling phase based on the fourth electricity consumption, the fourth fuel consumption, and the value chain emission activity amount of the fourth materials; and summing each of the fourth sub-carbon emissions to obtain the fourth carbon emission amount for the end-of-life recycling phase.

8. A carbon emission accounting device for geothermal energy development and utilization, characterized in that, include: The information acquisition module (11) is used to acquire project stage information involved in carbon emission accounting in geothermal energy development and utilization projects. The project stage information includes the exploration and design stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and scrapping and recycling stage. The scrapping and recycling stage is the stage of dismantling and recycling the equipment used in the geothermal energy development and utilization project. The first accounting module (12) is used to sum the first sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the first sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the first sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the exploration and design stage to obtain the first carbon emissions of the exploration and design stage. The second accounting module (13) is used to sum the second sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the second sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the second sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the construction stage. The emissions are summed to obtain the second carbon emissions of the construction phase; the third accounting module (14) is used to sum the third sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the third sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the third sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the operation and maintenance phase to obtain the third carbon emissions of the operation and maintenance phase; the fourth accounting module (15) is used to sum the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to direct emissions, the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to indirect emissions, and the fourth sub-carbon emissions related to value chain emissions in the scrapping and recycling phase to obtain the fourth carbon emissions of the scrapping and recycling phase, and sum the first carbon emissions, the second carbon emissions, the third carbon emissions, and the fourth carbon emissions to obtain the total carbon emissions of the geothermal energy development and utilization project throughout its entire life cycle.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is loaded and executed by the processor, it implements the method of any one of claims 1-7.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor loads and executes the computer program, it implements the method of any one of claims 1-7.

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